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BACKGROUND: Feedback is an essential tool for learning and improving performance in any sphere of education, including training of resident physicians. The learner's perception of the feedback they receive is extremely relevant to their learning progress, which must aim at providing qualified care for patients. Studies pertinent to the matter differ substantially with respect to methodology, population, context, and objective, which makes it even more difficult to achieve a clear understanding of the topic. A scoping review on this theme will unequivocally enhance and organize what is already known. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify and map out data from studies that report surgical residents' perception of the feedback received during their education. METHODS: The review will consider studies on the feedback perception of resident physicians of any surgical specialty and age group, attending any year of residency, regardless of the type of feedback given and the way the perceptions were measured. Primary studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese since 2017 will be considered. The search will be carried out in 6 databases and reference lists will also be searched for additional studies. Duplicates will be removed, and 2 independent reviewers will screen the selected studies' titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data extraction will be performed through a tool developed by the researchers. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis (content analysis) will be used to analyze the data. A summary of the results will be presented in the form of diagrams, narratives, and tables. RESULTS: The findings of this scoping review were submitted to an indexed journal in July 2024, currently awaiting reviewer approval. The search was executed on March 15, 2024, and resulted in 588 articles. After the exclusion of the duplicate articles and those that did not meet the eligibility criteria as well as the inclusion of articles through a manual search, 13 articles were included in the review. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting a scoping review is the best way to map what is known about a subject. By focusing on the feedback perception more than the feedback itself, the results of this study will surely contribute to gaining a deeper understanding of how to proceed to enhance internal feedback and surgical residents' learning progress. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework yexb; https://osf.io/yexkb. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/56727.

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical residents had the task of being the frontline of the response, being exposed to high risk of infection, increased clinical duty, and long and irregular working hours in highly restricted environments, increasing their levels of stress. We sought to expose the experiences of a group of geriatrics residents during this period of change in their professional and personal lives through the photovoice methodology. Thirteen participants were recruited and had 2 weeks to take photographs. The photographs were discussed in group meetings; the content of the conversations was transcribed and analyzed using interpretive description. Sixteen themes were identified. They were divided into personal life (11 themes) and life as a resident (5 themes). Adaptation was the main theme that came into discussion. The photographs and themes show how life changed for the participants, having a feeling of isolation, especially from their families, and highlighting their experiences as a team and community. While the pandemic, particularly at its beginning, was a period of uncertainty and a heavy load of work, it also provided learning and experience to this group of young physicians, which should not hide the fact that mental health concerns and burnout were a common situation. An online gallery was created which is publicly accessible.

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Introducción: La pandemia por SARS-CoV2 ha significado millones de contagiados y fallecidos a nivel mundial. Esta situación epidemiológica ha implicado un profundo cambio en distintos niveles del quehacer diario. En medicina, ha afectado la práctica médica y docencia. Transversalmente, los programas de residencia han tenido que migrar a la modalidad online de docencia para la continuidad de la educación. Objetivo: Exponer la opinión de los residentes de la SOCHIORL respecto de las modificaciones que han tenido sus distintos programas de especialidad, con el uso de herramientas online de docencia. Material y Método: Estudio transversal con encuestas anónimas, online mediante la plataforma Google forms®; enviada a residentes de los distintos programas de especialidad pertenecientes a la SOCHIORL, entre los años 2018-2021. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 51 respuestas. El 92% refiere transición a actividades online. El 96% ha participado en evaluaciones en línea y 94% en reuniones clínicas, tan solo un 9,8% de teleconsulta. Las plataformas Zoom (98%) y Google Meet (51%) han sido las más utilizadas. Las reuniones clínicas y pruebas/evaluaciones fueron las actividades mejor valoradas; y la peor evaluada teleconsulta. Problemas con el horario (extensión o fuera de horario) y técnicos (conexión inestable, problemas de audio, cámaras) fueron los principales obstáculos. 71,4% refiere sobrecarga respecto a actividades online. El 88% estima más beneficiosa la modalidad mixta de formación. Conclusión: Las herramientas online han sido útiles para continuar con los programas de especialidad durante la pandemia. Probablemente sería beneficioso mantener modalidad mixta para las actividades mejor valoradas, incluso posterior a la pandemia.

Introduction: The SARS-CoV2 pandemic has meant millions of infected and deceased worldwide. This epidemiological situation has resulted in a profound change at different levels of daily basis. In medicine, it has affected clinical practice and teaching activities. In many cases, residency programs have had to transition to online teaching modalities for the continuity of education. Objective: Present the opinion of SOCHIORL residents regarding the modifications that their different specialty programs have had, with the use of online teaching tools. Material and Method: Cross-sectional study with online surveys using the Google forms® platform; sent to residents of the different specialty programs belonging to SOCHIORL, between the years 2018-2021. Results: 51 responses were obtained. 92% refer to transition to online activities. 96% have participated in online evaluations and 94% in clinical meetings, only 9.8% refer teleconsultations. The platforms Zoom (98%) and Google Meet (51%) have been the most used. Clinical meetings and tests/assessments were the best valued activities; and teleconsultation being the worst evaluated. Problems with the schedule (extension or after hours) and technical problems (unstable connection, audio problems, cameras) were the main obstacles. 71.4% referred overload regarding online activities. Mixed modality of training was considered more beneficial by 88% of respondents. Conclusion: Online tools have been useful to continue specialty programs teaching during the pandemic. It would probably be beneficial to maintain a mixed modality for the most valued activities, even after the pandemic.

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Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de un curso de anastomosis intestinal abierta simulada en residentes de cirugía general. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo no aleatorizado. Se aplicó un curso para residentes del programa de cirugía general del Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile en 2021 en su primera versión y una segunda vez en 2022. Se evaluó la percepción y confianza con encuestas pre y post curso. Resultados: Participaron diecisiete residentes. De ellos, 16 residentes habían asistido previamente en la técnica básica, 10 nunca habían realizado una anastomosis intestinal a un paciente real como primer cirujano, en su mayoría residentes de segundo y tercer año. El nivel de confianza promedio para realizar una anastomosis intestinal en pacientes previo al curso fue de 1,86/7, 3/7 y 5,38/7 para el primer, segundo y tercer año, respectivamente. De manera global, previo al curso, los residentes promediaron una confianza de 3,09/7. Después del curso, 15/16 residentes estuvieron de acuerdo o muy de acuerdo en que mejoró la confianza en la técnica; que el modelo representa correctamente la situación real, y que los modelos simulados son más efectivos para el aprendizaje que la experiencia clínica por sí sola. Los residentes aumentaron su confianza en 2,47 puntos, alcanzando un promedio de 5,56/7 para la técnica (p = 0,001). Conclusiones: El curso de anastomosis intestinal abierta es percibido por los residentes como efectivo, realista y aumenta, significativamente, la confianza en la realización de esta técnica.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a simulated open intestinal anastomosis course on general surgery residents. Materials and Methods: Prospective non-randomized study. A course was applied to residents in the general surgery program at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile in 2021 for its first version and a second time in 2022. Perception and confidence were evaluated with pre-and post-course surveys. Results: Seventeen residents participated. Of these, 16 residents had previously attended the basic technique, 10 had never performed an intestinal anastomosis as a first surgeon on a real patient, mostly second and third-year residents. The average confidence level for performing an intestinal anastomosis on patients prior to the course was 1.86/7, 3/7, and 5.38/7 for the first, second, and third year, respectively. Overall, prior to the course, residents averaged a confidence of 3.09/7. After the course, 15/16 residents agreed or strongly agreed that it improved their confidence in the technique; that the model accurately represents the real situation, and that simulated models are more effective for learning than clinical experience alone. Residents increased their confidence by 2.47 points, reaching an average of 5.56/7 for the technique (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The open intestinal anastomosis course is perceived by residents as effective, realistic, and significantly increases confidence in performing this technique.

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INTRODUCTION: Recent studies revealed that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) negatively impacted residency programs worldwide, particularly procedure-based programs. However, most studies are from high-income countries, with scarce data from low- and middle-income countries. Pandemic effects on surgical training were likely worse in strictly apprenticeship models relying heavily on surgical volume as opposed to competency-based programs. Notably, training programs in Brazil and other low- and middle-income countries follow these strict apprenticeship style frameworks. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the trainees' perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on their Brazilian surgical programs. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed using an anonymous survey in Portuguese, distributed via social media platforms to surgical residents enrolled in Brazilian surgery programs. Data collection took place from August 2021 to May 2022. The survey contained 30 questions on the perception of the impact of COVID-19 on surgical training. RESULTS: One-hundred sixty-two residents from 17 different surgical specialties and all five regions of Brazil responded to the survey. Of 162 residents, 145 (89%) believed the pandemic negatively impacted their surgical training. Furthermore, of 162 residents, 153 (94%) reported that elective surgical volume decreased during the pandemic and 91 (56%) were redeployed to assist with COVID-19 management. As a result, 102 of 162 (63%) residents believed their surgical skills were negatively impacted by COVID-19. Yet, 95 of 162 (59%) residents reported their residency programs did not offer resources to mitigate the pandemic's impact on training. Of 162 residents, 57 (35%) reported they did not feel on track for graduation, with no statistical difference between responses by year of residency (P = 0.083). Additionally, 124 of 162 (77%) residents reported that the pandemic negatively affected their mental health, most commonly related to stress at work, stress about transmitting COVID-19, and loss in surgical training. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the surveyed Brazilian surgical residents felt the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted their training. This leads to believe that the detrimental impacts of the pandemic exposed preexisting weaknesses in the Brazilian surgical training model's dependence on a strict apprenticeship model. Our findings suggest a crucial need to redesign surgical education programs to make residency programs more prepared for changes in surgical volume, evolve the apprenticeship model to competency-based approaches, and unify surgical training standards in low- and middle-income countries.

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BACKGROUND: Accurate information is essential so that HIV infection can be detected in time for initiation of HIV/AIDS treatment. Immigrants are at high risk for delayed HIV testing and diagnosis, but foreign residents in Japan also seem to face barriers to accessing HIV/AIDS care. We aimed to assess their knowledge level of HIV/AIDS and awareness of public health centers in Japan (PHCs), and to explore factors related to these items. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of Brazilians, the largest group of foreigners living in Shiga, using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey in Brazilian Portuguese and Japanese via the Internet and mail. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors related to "Knowledge of HIV/AIDS" and "Awareness of PHCs". RESULTS: A total 182 Brazilians responded. More than half of them were beginners in Japanese. Most respondents were familiar with HIV/AIDS, but only 58% knew the existence of PHCs, and only 25% knew that HIV testing is available at PHCs free of charge and anonymously. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that PHCs were less recognized by those with intermediate (odds ratio: 5.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.53-21.23) and beginner (odds ratio: 6.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.98-23.45) Japanese proficiency than by those with advanced. CONCLUSIONS: This survey revealed the knowledge level of HIV/AIDS and awareness of PHC among Brazilians in Shiga. Their lack of awareness of PHCs due to language barriers may lead to delays in HIV testing among them. Therefore, it is important for PHCs to disseminate information about medical services related to HIV/AIDS in Portuguese and plain Japanese to facilitate their access to HIV testing. However, PHC efforts alone are not enough. Medical interpreters who are familiar with Brazilian culture and customs, and the clinics that employ them, could help the Brazilian community and PHCs to overcome the language barrier and provide efficient and appropriate medical care to Brazilians. This would be one way to eliminate delays in HIV testing for Brazilians in Shiga.

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BACKGROUND: Eating disorders and food ingestion (EDs) are serious mental illnesses with a higher prevalence in young adults, with difficult diagnoses that cause serious morbidity and mortality problems. There is not much information about the risk of positive screening for EDs, specifically, anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and night eating syndrome (NES) in undergraduate medical interns (UMI) and medical residents (MR) in Mexico. AIM: To determine the risk of AN, BN and NES and to determine the risk factors of such conditions such as age, body mass index (BMI) and gender of MR and UMI with AN/BN and NES at four private hospitals in northeastern Mexico. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive, non-randomized survey in MR and UMI in four hospitals in Northeastern Mexico was conducted using an electronic questionnaire that included: informed consent signature, SCOFF questionnaire for AN and BN screening, NES questionnaire. Also, a survey on general sociodemographic data of each participant was included. Chi-square test and a logistic regression model were computed for analyses. RESULTS: The population included a total of 129 MR and UMI. It was observed that 48.8% were positive for AN or BN and 32.6% were positive for the NES. There was no difference between age, sex, BMI, or medical specialty (if they were MR); however, MR from the first year had a higher risk of AN or BN (OR 23.7, 95% CI 1.181-475.266). CONCLUSIONS: There was a higher risk of positive screening for AN or BN and NES in UMI and MR in our population. In the case of MR, those in first year have a higher risk of AN and BN. Timely diagnosis and treatment are mandatory in this population.

Eating disorders and food ingestion such as anorexia (AN) or bulimia (BN) nervosa and night eating syndrome (NES) are a group of mental illnesses that are frequently under diagnosed. Medical residents (MR) and undergraduate medical interns (UMI) are a high-risk population for such disorders due to their young age, stress environments, erratic eating patterns and long working hours. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of AN, BN and NES and to determine the risk factors of such conditions. One hundred twenty-nine UMI and MR were studied and showed that 48.8% were positive for AN or BN and 32.6% were positive for NES. MR in the first year of medical residency had a higher risk. Timely diagnosis and treatment are mandatory in this population.

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Introducción: Dentro de las recomendaciones internacionales para la formación de médicos expertos, se encuentra el integrar la mejor evidencia disponible a la práctica clínica y contribuir a la creación del conocimiento científico. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la implementación de un programa formal de investigación en residentes de ortopedia y traumatología. Metodología: Se desarrolló un programa de investigación para residentes de ortopedia y traumatología, coordinado por un equipo con formación en metodología y bioestadística. El objetivo principal fue que los residentes lograran adquirir herramientas en el desarrollo del método científico e integrar la medicina basada en la evidencia en la práctica profesional. Para ello, se enfocó en tres ejes: 1. formación general 2. análisis crítico de la literatura y 3. desarrollo de investigación científica. Resultados: El año 2015 se implementó el programa. Comenzó con el módulo de formación general a través de seminarios de investigación y una rotación mensual obligatoria. De forma semanal se implementaron reuniones de revisiones críticas de la literatura a partir de casos clínicos y cada dos o tres meses sesiones de journal club. Se han formulado 30 proyectos de investigación, 22 de ellos se han presentado en congresos y ha habido un total de 27 publicaciones con coautoría de residentes (6 de primer autor). Conclusión: A través del programa de investigación, los residentes han adquirido herramientas para poder integrar la medicina basada en la evidencia a su práctica profesional y desarrollar proyectos científicos.

Introduction: In the international recommendations for resident education, there is integrating the best available evidence into clinical practice and contributing to the creation of scientific knowledge. This research aims to describe implementing a formal research program for orthopedic residents. Methodology: We developed a research program for orthopedic residents coordinated by a team trained in methodology and biostatistics. The main objective for residents was to acquire tools to develop the scientific method and to integrate evidence-based medicine into professional practice. To do this, it focused on: 1. theoretical courses, 2. critical analysis of literature, and 3. creation of scientific research. Results: 2015, the program started with a theoretical course through research seminars and a mandatory monthly rotation. Critical analysis of articles meetings were weekly, and journal club sessions every 2 or 3 months. Residents formulated 30 research projects and presented 22 at national and international congresses. There were 27 scientific publications with resident participation (6 were lead authors). Conclusion: Through the research program, residents have acquired tools to integrate evidence-based medicine into their professional practice and develop scientific projects.

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Introduction: Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by the presence of sadness or loss of the ability to feel pleasure, with a high incidence in patients with COVID 19. The investigations have focused on patient care and little on the care of health personnel, these being the ones with the highest mortality rate, so the objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of depression symptoms and suicide risk and understand the association of depressive disorder and suicide risk with levels of serum cholesterol and low levels of serum cortisol among internal medicine fellows in a specialist medical hospital in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, before and after COVID-19. Methods: In this longitudinal study, internal medicine residents were initially monitored for 2months before starting to care for patients with COVID-19. Participants were asked to fill out depression symptoms and suicide risk surveys. We measured the serum cholesterol and cortisol of each participant, and again after 11months of treating COVID-19 patients. Results: Depression symptoms and suicide risk were assessed; significant differences were found between the two time periods for depression (p < 0.01), and no difference was found for suicide risk (p = 0.182). We found a significant correlation between serum cholesterol levels and suicide risk (r = 0.366, p < 0.01); we also found differences in serum cortisol levels (p < 0.01) and cholesterol (p < 0.0001) before and after the pandemic. Conclusion: Caring for patients with COVID-19 in the hospital contributed to an increase in levels of depression symptoms and suicidal ideation, as well as differences in levels of cortisol and cholesterol in resident physicians of internal medicine; among the possible reasons for this change could be the conditions of personal protection while treating patients, the uncertainty in the first months of not knowing how the virus was transmitted and not having or knowing when vaccinations would be available, as well as the lack of a strategy of adequate mental health support from the institutions dedicated to their academic training.

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Introducción: los residentes de especialidad médica están expuestos a un alto nivel de burnout lo cual impacta negativamente en el profesionalismo. Esto ha promovido que los programas de residencias instalen curricularmente actividades de bienestar y autocuidado. Este estudio busca identificar la presencia de actividades de autocuidado/bienestar en residencias de psiquiatría de Chile y conocer la opinión docente respecto del tema. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal invitando vía correo electrónico a 80 docentes de 3 departamentos de psiquiatría a contestar un cuestionario sobre el tema de bienestar/autocuidado de sus residentes en sus programas de formación. Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo de los datos. Resultados: un 69,4% de los encuestados señaló que su residencia no cuenta con contenidos curriculares formales o un programa de autocuidado/bienestar para sus residentes. Las actividades existentes para las residentes relacionadas al autocuidado/bienestar y mencionadas por los docentes son: supervisión, resolución de conflictos, habilidades de comunicación y apoyo o trabajo grupal guiado. Las principales barreras son la limitación de tiempo, la falta de conocimiento y el financiamiento. Discusión: el bienestar de los residentes ha ganado relevancia en los últimos años. El Consejo de Acreditación de Educación Médica para Graduados (ACGME) lo promueve activamente. En Chile, según los programas encuestados, hay poca presencia sistemática de actividades estandarizadas o programas dirigidos al autocuidado y bienestar de este grupo. Parece necesario incluir este aspecto considerando el impacto del burnout en el personal de salud especialmente en un contexto de pandemia o crisis sanitaria.

Introduction: medical speciality residents are exposed to high burnout, which harms professionalism. This mental health situation has led to creating programs promoting well-being and self-care, which have not been installed transversally in medical education. The present study seeks to identify self-care/well-being activities in psychiatry residences in Chile and the teaching interest in implementing them. Methods: 80 professors from 3 Departments of Psychiatry were invited via email to answer a questionnaire on aspects of well-being. A quantitative analysis was performed. Results: 69.4% of those surveyed said their residence does not have formal content or a self-care/well-being program for its residents. The self-care/well-being activities most included in the residents surveyed were su-pervision, conflict resolution and communication skills, and support or guided group work. The main barriers are limited time and lack of knowledge. Discussion: The well-being of residents has gained relevance in recent years, so much so that the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) actively promotes it. In Chile, the situation seems to be different; there is a systematic lack of standardized activities aimed at self-care and the resident's well-being. Including mental health advocating programs is an essential challenge considering the context of pandemic and the relevance of preventing burnout in health personnel.

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Fundamento: El estudio teórico, el diagnóstico realizado y la experiencia de los investigadores, posibilitan formular como problema de la presente investigación: limitaciones en el desarrollo de la habilidad diagnosticar enfermedades dermatológicas en los residentes de la especialidad de Dermatología del Hospital General Provincial Docente "Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola" de Ciego de Ávila. Objetivo: Elaborar una concepción didáctica del proceso de formación interdisciplinar de la habilidad diagnosticar enfermedades dermatológicas en los residentes de la especialidad de Dermatología, a partir de la caracterización del estado actual de esta habilidad. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación educativa con un componente descriptivo en el Hospital General Provincial Docente "Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola" de Ciego de Ávila, en los cursos escolares desde 2016 al 2020. La población de estudio fueron los 16 residentes de 1.er año que matricularon la especialidad de Dermatología en el período de estudio. Se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico y empírico. Resultados: La caracterización realizada reveló limitaciones en el desarrollo de la habilidad diagnosticar enfermedades dermatológicas en los laboratorios de Anatomía Patológica, Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, por los residentes (100 %). La concepción didáctica del proceso de formación interdisciplinar de la habilidad diagnosticar orienta el proceso desde las actividades docentes-atencionales y prácticas de laboratorio en una consecutividad lógica y sistematización desde las diferentes formas de enseñanza y tipologías de clase. Integra la interdisciplinariedad y la utilización del método investigativo establecido en las ideas rectoras. Conclusiones: La concepción didáctica como aporte de la investigación resuelve la contradicción dialéctica entre la aplicación del método clínico y los procedimientos en la práctica de laboratorio que se da en ese proceso formativo y constituye un soporte didáctico que respalda las actividades prácticas en los laboratorios para cumplir con los objetivos del Plan de estudio de la especialidad.

Background: The theoretical study, the diagnosis conducted and the experience of the researchers make possible to formulate the problem of the present research: limitations in the development of the ability to diagnose dermatological diseases in residents of the Specialty of Dermatology of the General Provincial Teaching Hospital "Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola" of Ciego de Avila. Objective: To elaborate a didactic conception of the interdisciplinary training process of the ability to diagnose dermatological diseases in residents of the specialty of Dermatology, based on the characterization of the current state of that ability. Methodology: An educational research with a descriptive component was conducted at the Provincial General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola" of Ciego de Avila, in the 2016-2020 school years. The study population consisted of the 16 first-year dermatology residents who enrolled in the specialty during the study period. Results: The characterization conducted showed limitations in the development of the ability to diagnose dermatological diseases in anatomic pathology laboratories, Microbiology and Medical Parasitology, by residents (100%). The didactic conception of the interdisciplinary training process of diagnostic ability focuses on teaching and learning activities and laboratory practices in a logical consecutiveness and systematization from the different forms of teaching and class typologies. It integrates the interdisciplinary and the use of the research method that is established in the guiding ideas. Conclusions: The didactic conception, as a research contribution, resolves the dialectic contradiction between the application of the clinical method and the procedures in laboratory practice that occurs in this formative process which is a didactic support that backs up the practical activities in the laboratories in order to achieve the objectives of the study plan of the specialty.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the exposure to ionizing radiation of orthopedic residents. METHOD: A prospective study was carried out to evaluate the degree of exposure to ionizing radiation with a bandage dosimeter placed under the lead apron for medical residents for 10 months. An online survey measured the degree of knowledge about radiation safety. RESULTS: 54 resident physicians participated. 55.6% report having knowledge of the existence of radiological protection equipment and 40.7% report that they had previous training in its use. 77.8% use the leaded apron and 31.5% use thyroid protection. 81.5% were positioned less than 1 meter from the source of the X-ray production of the arc in C. The total mean radiation exposure was 2.9 ± 2.17 mSv (95% confidence interval: 1.25-14.28; p = 0.424). CONCLUSIONS: Orthopedic residents present radiation doses below the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommended limit. However, there is a lack of knowledge of radiation protection and as well as a lack of interest and ignorance of the adverse effects of radiation.

OBJETIVO: Describir y analizar la exposición a radiación ionizante de los residentes de ortopedia. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo para evaluar el grado de exposición a radiación ionizante con un dosímetro de placa colocado debajo del mandil plomado a médicos residentes, por 10 meses. Mediante una encuesta en línea se midió el grado de conocimientos sobre seguridad radiológica. RESULTADOS: Participaron 54 médicos residentes. El 55.6% refiere tener conocimiento de la existencia de equipo de protección radiológica y el 40.7% refiere que tuvo entrenamiento previo en su uso. El 77.8% utiliza el mandil plomado y el 31.5% la protección tiroidea. El 81.5% se posicionó a menos de 1 metro de la fuente de producción de rayos X del arco en C. La exposición a la radiación media total fue de 2.9 ± 2.17 mSv (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 1.25-14.28; p = 0.424). CONCLUSIONES: Los médicos residentes de ortopedia presentan dosis de radiación menores que el límite recomendado por la International Commission on Radiological Protection. Sin embargo, existe una falta de conocimientos sobre protección radiológica, así como falta de interés e ignorancia de los efectos adversos de la radiación.

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BACKGROUND: Different stages of a physician's career may be associated with different types of mental health impairment. AIMS: This study aimed to compare symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress and their associated factors among medical students, medical residents, and physicians. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data collection included sociodemographic data, religiosity (Duke University Religion Index), and mental health (21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - DASS-21) data. The comparison between the groups was performed using ANOVA, and the associated factors were evaluated via linear regression models. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 1,417 participants: 778 medical students, 190 medical residents, and 468 established physicians. Medical students had significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores as compared to medical residents and established physicians. However, regarding DASS 21 scores, no significant differences were found between established physicians and medical residents. The factors associated with mental health in the different groups showed that being married and male were associated with better mental health among physicians and medical residents, while the factors of male gender, being in later years of the course, and lower religious attendance were associated with better mental health in students. CONCLUSION: Medical students had worse mental health outcomes when compared to residents and established physicians. Interventions are needed to minimize suffering during medical education and career.

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Shift work disorder (SWD) may affect medical residents because their workload, academic demands and extended work hours. This condition set residents at risk of more sleep disorders. The study compared parasomnias among residents with and without shift work disorder (SWD) and weighed their relative risk (RR) for each parasomnia. One hundred twenty-six residents participated in the study. The Munich Parasomnia Screening questionnaire and the Barger Questionnaire for SWD were used for the screening of parasomnias and SWD, respectively. Means and percentages of studied variables were compared between groups. Relative risk (RR) was calculated for each type of parasomnia. The more frequent parasomnias in residents with SWD the RR (and 95% confidence intervals) were: sleep terrors, 5.60 (1.84-17.01); confusional arousals, 3.73 (1.84-7.56); sleep paralysis, 3.27 (1.53-6.93); hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations, 2.55 (1.03-6.28); somniloquies, 2.45 (1.21-4.92); and nightmares, 2.01 (1.54-2.62). Our data suggest that residents who experience SWD may be at risk of having lower threshold for the occurrence of rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep parasomnias. Additional research is needed to confirm these results, and to further identify the contribution to this association.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: New medical schools and new medical residencies in Brazil, mainly in its interior, were opened under the justification of collaborating towards distribution of these healthcare professionals and specialist doctors across the national territory. However, this proposal did not guarantee that medical practitioners would become established in the place where they graduated and specialized. OBJECTIVE: To calculate, through interviews, how many specialists who graduated in the state of Tocantins stayed there after finishing their medical residency; and to analyze the factors that made them stay or leave the place. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional exploratory study conducted at a Brazilian federal public higher education institution. METHODS: All graduates from medical residencies in Tocantins, who graduated between 2013 and 2019, were contacted by telephone and, after obtaining consent, an interview was conducted. The interviews took place between June 2020 and January 2021. RESULTS: The permanence of medical residency graduates in the state increased from 50% in an earlier study to 55.8% in the current study, thus showing a situation of stability. In addition, we detected some reasons for staying or not. In a multivariate analysis, only working in the state capital was related to staying in the state of Tocantins, showing a 5.6 times greater chance. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of those who remained was just over 50%, even some years after implementation of the first programs. Most specialists remained working for the state health department, with a smaller proportion in municipal health departments, and were concentrated in the state capital.

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Aim: To report trabeculectomy efficacy in a Latin American Ophthalmology Training Institution. Materials and methods: Retrospective study between March 2015 and March 2019, Medical records of 77 patients (96 eyes) that underwent trabeculectomy were reviewed. Collected data included glaucoma type, pre- and post-trabeculectomy intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma therapy and assigned surgeon. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Paired T student double tailed, and Welch-Satterthwaite test. Results: Ninety-six eyes (77 patients) that underwent trabeculectomy were included in the analysis. 44.79% were male and 55.20% female. Median age was 54.04 ± 18.92 years. Median IOP pretrabeculectomy was 27.86 ± 10 mm Hg. More commonly found diagnoses were narrow angle glaucoma (36.46%), primary open-angle glaucoma (18.75%), and secondary to chronic steroid use glaucoma (14.58%). Median IOP reduction from basal IOP at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after trabeculectomy was 15.87 mm Hg, 14.42 mm Hg and 14.55 mm Hg, respectively, p < 0.05. Cumulative success was 66.66% at 12 months follow-up. General decrease of antiglaucomatous topical therapy was 1.9 ± 1.09 (p > 0.05) eye drops. Trabeculectomy success rate was 69.23% for attendants and 65.71% for residents (p = 0.85). Conclusion: Trabeculectomy continues to be a successful and effective therapy to obtain significant and stable IOP decrease. Success trabeculectomy rates are comparable between residents and attendants. How to cite this article: López RAG, Castillo NLO. Trabeculectomy Efficacy in a Latin American Ophthalmology Training Institution. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2022;16(1):17-19.

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Introducción: Los profesionales del área de la salud tienen un riesgo incrementado de contraer la infección por el virus de hepatitis B (VHB). Objetivo: Evaluar anticuerpos contra el antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B, en los residentes de pediatría del Hospital Central de Maracay en el período junio-agosto de 2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio clínico epidemiológico, no experimental y de corte transversal, en el que se tomó muestra sanguínea a 54 médicos residentes para la determinación de anticuerpos contra el antígeno de superficie del VHB (Anti-HBs). Resultados: El promedio de edad fue 27,48 años con una desviación estándar de 1,6. El 83,33 % pertenecían al sexo femenino, 51,85.% cursaban el 1er año del posgrado, 33,33 % con esquema de vacunación documentado, de estos, 66,67.% completaron el esquema y 77,78 % cumplidos en la adultez. Con respecto al tiempo de la última dosis, el 66,67 % hasta 10 años. Se detectaron niveles de Anti-HBs mayores de 10 mUl/mL en el 94,44 %, con mayor prevalencia de niveles protectores a favor del sexo femenino. Se evidenció una correlación lineal positiva entre los niveles de Anti-HBs y el tiempo desde la última dosis de la vacuna contra la hepatitis B. Conclusiones: Aunque existe una debilidad en los médicos residentes en cuanto a la tenencia y cumplimiento del esquema de inmunización, la mayoría de ellos mostraron niveles protectores de anti-HBs. A mayor tiempo transcurrido desde la última dosis de la vacuna hay un descenso en los niveles de anti-HBs lo que justifica dosis de refuerzo a los 10 años.

Introduction: Health professionals have an increased risk of contracting hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). Objective: To evaluate antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen in residents of pediatrics of the Central Hospital of Maracay in the period June-August. 2021. Materials and methods: Clinical epidemiological, nonexperimental and cross-sectional study, in which blood samples were taken from fifty-four medical residents for the determination of antibodies against the HBV surface antigen. Results: The average age was 27.48 years with a standard deviation of 1.6. 83.33 % were female, 51.85 % were in the first year of postgraduate studies, 33.33 % had a documented vaccination schedule, of these, 66.67 % completed the schedule and 77.78 % completed it in adulthood. Regarding the time of the last dose, for 66.67 % of the study population, it was up to 10 years ago. Anti-HBs levels greater than 10mUl/ml were detected in 94.44 %, with a higher prevalence of protective levels in favor of the female sex. A positive linear correlation between the levels of Anti-HBs and the time since the last dose of the hepatitis B vaccine was evidenced. Conclusions: Although there is a weakness in the resident doctors in terms of possession and compliance with the immunization schedule, the most of them showed protective levels of anti-HBs. The longer the time elapsed since the last dose of the vaccine, there is a decrease in anti-HBs levels, which justifies a booster dose at 10 years.

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Resumen El ensayo presenta una revisión de la coyuntura pandémica en la División de Estudios de Posgrado (DEP) de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM durante 2020. La intención es reflexionar en torno a la capacidad de respuesta institucional ante la contingencia, reconstruyendo las acciones y los hechos que muestran ritmos y orientaciones en tres momentos. En la primera etapa, la preocupación y los esfuerzos estuvieron encaminados a proteger a los residentes ante la inminencia del riesgo de contagio y muerte. La DEP intensificó las relaciones con las instituciones de salud y se llevaron a cabo campañas con el fin de darles las herramientas necesarias para su protección. El segundo tiempo fue de recomposición para retomar las actividades educativas y poner atención a los procesos formativos en cada especialidad. Finalmente, en el tercer período, el de la nueva normalidad, se asumieron los procesos educativos mediados por tecnologías de la comunicación y la información, aunque la práctica clínica siguió en modalidad presencial. A medida que los hospitales han vuelto a las dinámicas previas a la irrupción del COVID-19, las actividades educativas también han tendido a restablecerse. La contingencia por el COVID-19 actuó como un acelerador del cambio y la DEP no fue indiferente a ese proceso, las características de la institucionalización académica se transformaron promoviendo acciones educativas.

Abstract The essay presents a review of the pandemic situation in the Division of Postgraduate Studies (DEP) at the Faculty of Medicine of UNAM during 2020. The intention is to reflect on the institutional response capacity, reconstructing the actions and events that show rhythms and orientations in three moments. In the first stage, concerns and efforts were aimed at protecting residents from the imminence of the risk of contagion and death. The DEP intensified relations with health institutions, and campaigns were carried out to give them the necessary tools for their protection. The second tram was for recomposition to reasume educational activities and pay attention to the training processes at each specialty. Finally, in the third period, that of the new normality, educational processes mediated by communication and information technologies were assumed, although clinical practice continued in face-to-face mode. As hospitals have returned to their pre-COVID dynamics, educational activities have also tended to re-establish. The COVID-19 contingency acted as an accelerator of change and the DEP was not indifferent to that process. Despite the mistakes and errors, some of the characteristics of academic institutionalization were transformed, promoting educational shifts.

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Abstract Introduction Smell plays an important role in the maintenance of health and quality of life of the general population. Health workers with olfactory impairment may not be able to help diagnose certain diseases, and subsequently increase the risk of hazardous events and mortality among those affected. 'Odor learning' requires repeated experiences with different smells to develop a discriminatory ability, and this is a process that takes years. Because of that, physicians of certain medical specialities have better odor detection than others. Objective To study the olfactory performance and associated factors of otorhinolaryngology residents compared with residents of different medical specialities in a representative sample of a tertiary hospital. Methods The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was used to compare olfactory performance. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected among 42 hospital residents. Results Otorhinolaryngology residents presented an average UPSITscore of 35.0, and the other residents, a score of 32.8 (p = 0.02) Of all the residents, 40.5% showed some grade of olfactory impairment. Half of the females students in the first year of residency showed olfactory dysfunction. The multivariate analyses found age (p = 0.03; 95% confidence interval for β = 0.33) to be an independent predictor of the UPSIT score. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that otorhinolaryngology residents have greater olfactory capacity compared with other residents. Future studies should explore the relevant factors of olfactory impairment and its impact on quality of life in this population.