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El tiempo libre y su adecuada utilización por medio de la recreación constituye una temática a la que se le ha conferido gran atención en los últimos años, por numerosas instituciones e investigadores de diferentes partes del mundo; lo que adquiere mayor significación cuando se aborda en el contexto educativo, por su evidente relación con la formación integral y la calidad de vida de los estudiantes. Entre los centros educativos, merecen singular atención las escuelas del sistema de enseñanza y formación deportiva, donde se complejizan las exigencias al combinarse de forma armónica la academia, la práctica y la formación deportiva. Es por ello, que el objetivo del presente artículo se centró en valorar la importancia de la utilización de la recreación en el tiempo libre educativo y creativo, desde el contexto de las Escuelas de Iniciación Deportiva, en función de la formación integral de los estudiantes-atletas. Se partió del análisis de trabajos publicados que abordaron la temática en los centros de enseñanza deportiva, para efectuar una valoración. Como resultados, se vislumbró la necesidad de profundizar en las particularidades y necesidades para propiciar un aprovechamiento adecuado del tiempo libre, con actividades recreativas variadas que contribuyan a la satisfacción recreativa, la formación integral y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida.

O tempo livre e seu aproveitamento adequado por meio da recreação é um tema que tem recebido grande atenção nos últimos anos por inúmeras instituições e pesquisadores de diversas partes do mundo; que adquire maior significado quando abordado no contexto educacional, devido à sua evidente relação com a formação integral e qualidade de vida dos estudantes. Dentre os centros educacionais, merecem especial atenção as escolas do sistema de educação e treinamento esportivo, onde as demandas tornam-se mais complexas quando a academia, a prática e o treinamento esportivo se combinam harmoniosamente. Por esse motivo, o objetivo deste artigo centrou-se em avaliar a importância da utilização da recreação nos tempos livres educativos e criativos, a partir do contexto das Escolas de Iniciação Esportiva, a partir da formação integral dos alunos atletas. O ponto de partida foi a análise de trabalhos publicados que abordavam o tema em centros de ensino esportivo, para fazer uma avaliação. Como resultados, viu-se a necessidade de se aprofundar nas particularidades e necessidades de promover o uso adequado do tempo livre, com atividades recreativas variadas que contribuam para a satisfação recreativa, a formação integral e a melhoria da qualidade de vida.

Free time and its adequate use through recreation constitute a problem that has been given great attention in recent years by some institutions and authors from different parts of the world, which acquires greater significance when it is approached in the context of educational centers, due to its evident relation with the integral formation and quality of life of these schoolchildren. Within the educational centers, the schools of the sports education and training system deserve special attention, where the demands become more complex when academic education is harmoniously combined with sports practice and training. That is why the objective of this article focuses on assessing the importance of the use of Recreation in an educational and creative free time, from the context of the Basic Sports Formation, in terms of the integral formation of student-athletes. Starting from the analysis of published works related to the subject, the article makes an assessment in the context of the reality of student-athletes in these educational-sports centers. The need to deepen in the study of this population, their particularities and needs to provide them with an adequate use of their free time through varied recreational activities that contribute to their recreational satisfaction, integral formation and improvement of their quality of life is glimpsed.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate characteristics of sport-related concussion (SRC), recreation-related concussion (RRC), and nonsport or recreation-related concussion (non-SRRC) in patients 5 through 12 years old, an understudied population in youth concussion. STUDY DESIGN: This observational study included patients aged 5 through 12 years presenting to a specialty care concussion setting at ≤28 days postinjury from 2018 through 2022. The following characteristics were assessed: demographics, injury mechanism (SRC, RRC, or SRRC), point of healthcare entry, and clinical signs and symptoms. Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests were used to assess group differences. Posthoc pairwise comparisons were employed for all analyses (α = 0.017). RESULTS: One thousand one hundred forty-one patients reported at ≤28 days of injury (female = 42.9%, median age = 11, interquartile range (IQR) = 9-12) with the most common mechanism being RRC (37.3%), followed by non-SRRC (31.9%). More non-SRRCs (39.6%) and RRC (35.7%) were first seen in the emergency department (P < .001) compared with SRC (27.9%). Patients with RRC and non-SRRC were first evaluated at specialists 2 and 3 days later than SRC (P < .001). Patients with non-SRRC reported with higher symptom burden, more frequent visio-vestibular abnormalities, and more changes to sleep and daily habits (P < .001) compared with RRC and SRC (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In concussion patients 5 through 12 years, RRCs and non-SRRC were more prevalent than SRC, presenting first more commonly to the emergency department and taking longer to present to specialists. Non-SRRC had more severe clinical features. RRC and non-SRRC are distinct from SRC in potential for less supervision at time of injury and less direct access to established concussion health care following injury.

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Resumo A participação de crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC) em atividades de recreação e lazer pode ser influenciada por fatores ambientais. O reconhecimento e compreensão desses fatores como barreiras ou facilitadores dessas atividades são essenciais para garantir o direito de participação dessas crianças em condições de igualdade com as demais pessoas da sociedade. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi identificar as barreiras e facilitadores ambientais na participação de crianças com PC em atividades de recreação e lazer. Utilizou-se o método de revisão integrativa proposto por Whittemore e Knafl (2005). Estudos publicados entre 2011 e 2022 nos idiomas português e/ou inglês foram selecionados a partir das fontes de indexação MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS, SCOPUS e Web of Science. Nove estudos foram incluídos na revisão - a maioria de desenho transversal e abordagem qualitativa. Os seguintes facilitadores da participação foram identificados: apoio dos pais, pares e professores; interação com adultos; terapias; condições materiais; atividades em casa, na escola e na comunidade; diversidade de brinquedos; e atividades culturais. As seguintes barreiras à participação foram identificadas: falta de acesso a transportes públicos; atitudes negativas; falta de escolha e menor interação dos pais; e falta de adequação das atividades. A Classificação de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) e os conceitos pirâmide de participação e família de constructos foram fundamentais para identificar as barreiras e facilitadores ambientais na participação de crianças com PC. Sugere-se que estudos futuros sejam conduzidos para avaliar a qualidade e a força da evidência para participantes com 11 anos de idade incompletos.

Abstract The participation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in recreation and leisure activities can be influenced by environmental factors. The recognition and understanding of these factors as barriers or facilitators of these activities are essential to guarantee the right of these children to participate on equal terms with other people in society. In this context, the objective of this integrative review was to identify environmental barriers and facilitators in the participation of children with CP in recreation and leisure activities. The integrative review method proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005) was used. Studies published between 2011 and 2022 in Portuguese and/or English were selected from MEDLINE indexing sources via PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Nine studies were included in the review - most of them cross-sectional in design and qualitative in approach. The following participation facilitators were identified: support from parents, peers and teachers; interaction with adults; therapies; material conditions; activities at home, school and in the community; diversity of toys; and cultural activities. The following barriers to participation were identified: lack of access to public transport; negative attitudes; lack of choice and less parental interaction; and lack of adequacy of activities. The Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the concepts of participation pyramid and family of constructs were fundamental in identifying environmental barriers and facilitators in the participation of children with CP. It is suggested that future studies be conducted to assess the quality and strength of the evidence for participants under 11 years of age.

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Freshwater blue spaces (FBS), such as ponds, are key elements of the urban landscape and are under strong anthropogenic pressure. Land-use types and diversity may exert a negative or positive impact on FBS' water quality depending on their nature and arrangement. The information available in this respect is remarkably scarcer for water bodies in the Global South than for the north. Thus, we aim to identify and quantify the land-use types in a 500-m buffer zone of urban ponds in the Pampean region (Argentina) to assess their impact on water quality. We based our study on 15 FBS located in neighborhoods of Buenos Aires province during cold and warm seasons. We analyzed physical, chemical, and biological variables, and estimated water conditions by means of water quality indexes (WQIs) and quality guidelines. We quantified the dominant land-use type and the diversity of uses in the ponds' buffer zones, and evaluated their relationships with WQIs. Our results showed that WQIs were negatively related to a high proportion of residential areas in the adjacent zone, while positively to recreational ones. The diversity of land uses did not influence the water quality. We propose a new WQIpond with fewer key response variables, and as sensitive as the currently used WQIobjetive. We conclude that water quality from urban ponds in the Pampean region can be affected by dominant land-use type in the adjacent area but also the quality of their water supply sources (superficial and/or underground), clandestine wastewater discharges, and non-point pollution.

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Illegal gold mining activities have contributed to the release and mobilization of Hg and environmental degradation in many parts of the world. This study aims to determine the concentration of Hg in five provinces of the Amazon Region of Ecuador, in addition to assessing the risk to human health of exposed populations, applying deterministic and probabilistic methods. For this purpose, 147 water samples were collected in rivers and streams crossing and/or located near mining areas. As a result, 100% of the samples analyzed exceeded the maximum permissible limit (MPL) according to the water quality criteria for the preservation of aquatic life of the Ecuadorian regulations, while 7% of the samples exceeded the MPL for drinking water. On the other hand, considering the European Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) for surface water bodies, in our study, 100% of the samples exceed the maximum permissible limit (0.07 µg/L), and with respect to the Canadian water quality guidelines, 35% of the samples exceed the permissible limit (0.001 mg/l) for drinking water, and 100% of the samples exceed the limit for life in water bodies (0.0001 mg/l). The risk assessment revealed that the probability of developing adverse health effects from exposure to Hg is below the recommended limits according to the probabilistic assessment; this is in relation to the criterion of residential and recreational use of water resources. However, it was identified that the child population doubles the acceptable systemic risk level according to the results of the deterministic assessment in the residential scenario. This information can be used by decision-makers to implement strategies to reduce Hg contamination and exposure of the population in Ecuadorian Amazonian rivers.

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Public open spaces (POSs) are means to ensure one's right to recreation and health. The objective of this essay is to present reflections and evidence on how these spaces contribute to promoting physi-cal activity (PA). Understanding how to access (proximity/distance), quantity and diversity, and the surrounding and internal conditions of places (quality, structure, aesthetics, safety) can affect the use of POSs is imperative for public management actions. Thinking of POS use beyond PA by recog-nizing its social, economic, and cultural benefits can be fundamental to reduce inequalities regarding access to these places. POS-related actions and demands are intersectoral, multiprofessional, and interdisciplinary, thus requiring political, academic, and community involvement and commitment for PA promotion

Espaços públicos abertos (EPA) são equipamentos que promovem o direito à recreação e à saúde. O objetivo deste ensaio é apresentar reflexões e evidências sobre como esses espaços contribuem para a promoção da atividade física (AF). Compreender como o acesso (proximidade/distância), a quantidade e diversidade, as condições do entorno e internas dos locais (qualidade, estrutura, estética, segurança), podem afetar o uso dos EPA é fundamental para ações da gestão pública. Pensar o uso do EPA para além da prática de AF, reconhecendo seus benefícios sociais, econômicos e culturais pode ser fundamental para diminuir as iniquidades de acesso a esses locais. Ações e demandas relacionadas aos EPA são intersetoriais, multiprofissionais e interdisciplinares, necessitando com isso envolvimento e comprometimento político, acadêmico e comunitário, a fim de promover AF

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In this cross-sectional study, we describe the leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) of 374 adults who answered an online questionnaire. We also explored the relationship between LTPA, gender, and walking time to the nearest park or gym from the participant's residence. As expected from a recruitment process prone to include physically active individuals, the prevalence of LTPA during the last week was 80.2% (CI95%: 75.8 -84.1). Our median participant reported having performed 280 (CI95%: 240 ­340) minutes of LTPA during the last week. The prevalence of LTPA and the duration of light and total LTPA were similar between men and women. However, in our sample, women practiced more moderate LTPA and men more vigorous LTPA. The relationship between LTPA and walking time distance to the nearest park or gym is not linear, meaning that living closer to parks or gyms does not necessarily imply more LTPA.

Neste estudo transversal, descrevemos a atividade física no lazer (AFL) de 374 adultos que responderam a um questionário online. Também exploramos a relação entre AFL, gênero e tempo de caminhada até o parque ou academia mais próximo da residência do participante. Como esperado de um recrutamento propenso a incluir indivíduos fisicamente ativos, a prevalência de AFL na última semana foi de 80,2% (IC95%: 75,8 - 84,1). Nosso participante mediano relatou ter realizado 280 (IC95%: 240 ­ 340) minutos de AFL na última semana. A prevalência de AFL e a duração da AFL leve e total foram semelhantes entre homens e mulheres. No entanto, em nossa amostra, as mulheres praticaram mais AFL moderadas e os homens AFL vigorosas. A relação entre AFL e distância de caminhada até o parque ou academia mais próxima não é linear, indicando que morar mais perto de parques ou academias não implica necessariamente em mais AFL.

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Fundamento: los juegos tradicionales resultan motivantes y de fácil ejecución para los escolares con necesidades educativas especiales porque favorecen la movilidad y orientación espacial de niños con discapacidad visual. Objetivo: proponer un grupo de juegos tradicionales adaptados para mejorar la movilidad y orientación espacial de niños con discapacidad visual en la Escuela Especial "Fructuoso Rodríguez" de Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, entre los meses de mayo-septiembre de 2021. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo e histórico-lógico; y empíricos: análisis de documentos, observación, cuestionario y entrevista. Resultados: el diagnóstico realizado corroboró que los sujetos estudiados presentaban dificultades en la movilidad y la orientación espacial; desconfianza, inseguridad y pocas iniciativas relacionadas con la recreación en su cotidianeidad familiar, por lo que se adaptaron 10 juegos tradicionales conocidos, pero poco jugados por los niños con discapacidad visual, con el fin de alcanzar otras vías que contribuyan a mejorar su movilidad y orientación espacial, luego de una etapa de confinamiento provocada por la Covid-19. Conclusiones: la propuesta de juegos tradicionales adaptados responde a la necesidad detectada y potencia la recreación e inclusión de estos infantes en actividades escolares y extraescolares después de la pandemia.

Background: traditional games are motivating and easy to play for schoolchildren with special educational needs because they favor the mobility and spatial orientation of visually impaired children. Objective: to propose a group of traditional games adapted to improve the mobility and spatial orientation of visually impaired children at "Fructuoso Rodríguez" Special School in Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, from May to September 2021. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive and historical-logical; and empirical ones: document analysis, observation, questionnaire and interview. Results: the diagnosis made corroborated that the subjects studied presented difficulties in mobility and spatial orientation; distrust, insecurity and few initiatives related to recreation in their family daily life, for which 10 known traditional games were adapted, but little played by children with visual disabilities, in order to reach other ways that contribute to improving their mobility and orientation space, after a stage of confinement caused by Covid-19. Conclusions: the proposal of adapted traditional games responds to the detected need and enhances the recreation and inclusion of these infants in school and extracurricular activities after the pandemic.

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La investigación propone mostrar cómo los autores visualizan el proceso de gestión de la Formación Laboral Investigativa o Práctica Laboral Investigativa en la Universidad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y Deporte Manuel Fajardo. Partiendo de la aprobación del Plan de Estudio E es considerada la disciplina integradora de la carrera, constituye el eje transversal que favorece la dirección científica del proceso docente-educativo e integra por excelencia los contenidos de diferentes materias y los componentes organizacionales del proceso formativo a través de un enfoque interdisciplinario en la solución de problemas profesionales que permite que los estudiantes se identifiquen, se desarrollen con el que hacer y su modo de actuación profesional. Para ello, se propone como objetivo elaborar acciones metodológicas encaminadas a la gestión del proceso de la Formación Laboral Investigativa. En la investigación se sistematizaron antecedentes históricos, referentes teóricos y metodológicos de la muestra objeto de estudio, así como métodos científicos del nivel teórico, empírico y matemático, entre ellos, el análisis de documentos, la observación y la entrevista. Los resultados obtenidos en el diagnóstico, permitieron revelar la necesidad de elaborar la propuesta de acciones metodológicas que contribuirá a la gestión del proceso y a su vez favorecerá al desarrollo y ejecución praxis de los conocimientos y habilidades profesionales adquiridas.

A pesquisa se propõe a mostrar como os autores visualizam o processo de gestão da Formação Laboral Investigativa ou Prática Laboral Investigativa na Universidade Manuel Fajardo de Cultura Física e Ciências do Esporte. Com base na aprovação do Plano de Estudos E, é considerada a disciplina integradora do curso de graduação, constitui o eixo transversal que favorece a direção científica do processo ensino-educacional e integra por excelência os conteúdos das diferentes disciplinas e os componentes organizacionais do processo de formação através de uma abordagem interdisciplinar na solução de problemas profissionais que permite aos alunos identificar-se, desenvolver-se com o que fazem e sua forma de atuar profissionalmente. Para este fim, propõe-se como objetivo elaborar ações metodológicas voltadas para a gestão do processo de Treinamento de Trabalho Investigativo. A pesquisa sistematizou os antecedentes históricos, referências teóricas e metodológicas da amostra em estudo, assim como métodos científicos de nível teórico, empírico e matemático, entre eles, a análise de documentos, observação e entrevista. Os resultados obtidos no diagnóstico revelaram a necessidade de elaborar a proposta de ações metodológicas que contribuirão para a gestão do processo e, por sua vez, favorecerão o desenvolvimento e a implementação prática dos conhecimentos e habilidades profissionais adquiridos.

The research proposes to show how the authors visualize the management process of the Research Labor Training or Research Labor Practice at the Manuel Fajardo University of Physical Culture and Sport Sciences. Starting from the approval of the Study Plan E, it is considered the integrating discipline of the career, it constitutes the transversal axis that favors the scientific direction of the teaching-educational process and integrates par excellence the contents of different subjects and the organizational components of the formative process through an interdisciplinary approach in the solution of professional problems that allows students to identify themselves, develop with what to do and their way of professional performance. For this purpose, it is proposed as an objective to elaborate methodological actions aimed at the management of the Research Labor Training process. In the research, historical background, theoretical and methodological references of the sample under study were systematized, as well as scientific methods of the theoretical, empirical and mathematical level, including document analysis, observation and interview. The results obtained in the diagnosis revealed the need to elaborate the proposal of methodological actions that will contribute to the management of the process and in turn will favor the development and praxis execution of the acquired knowledge and professional skills.

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SignificanceTourism accounts for roughly 10% of global gross domestic product, with nature-based tourism its fastest-growing sector in the past 10 years. Nature-based tourism can theoretically contribute to local and sustainable development by creating attractive livelihoods that support biodiversity conservation, but whether tourists prefer to visit more biodiverse destinations is poorly understood. We examine this question in Costa Rica and find that more biodiverse places tend indeed to attract more tourists, especially where there is infrastructure that makes these places more accessible. Safeguarding terrestrial biodiversity is critical to preserving the substantial economic benefits that countries derive from tourism. Investments in both biodiversity conservation and infrastructure are needed to allow biodiverse countries to rely on tourism for their sustainable development.

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BACKGROUND: Active play opportunities seems to influence the level of physical activity during childhood. However, a gap remains about which environmental opportunities including the daycare physical environment could have a positive impact on the level of physical activity in preschoolers. OBJECTIVES: (1) To develop an index to measure the environmental opportunities of free active play for preschoolers of middle-income countries; (2) to check the relationship and contribution of the index to explain objectively the level of physical activity. METHODS: A quantitative, cross-sectional, exploratory study with 51 preschool children. The established criteria for the index according to the literature were: (1) Outdoor time on typical days of the week. (2) Outdoor time on a typical weekend day. (3) The presence of internal space and external environment in the child's home that allows playing. (4) Presence of patio with space for games at the school. (5) Presence of a playground with a toy at the school. We applied multi-attribute utility theory for the determination of the multicriteria index of physical environmental opportunities. Pearson's correlation analysis and simple linear regression were used to verify the association between the index and the physical activity level. RESULTS: The index showed a positive correlation with the level of physical activity, e.g., the average time of MVPA (r = 0.408, p = 0.003). The univariate linear regression demonstrated that the quality of physical environmental opportunities for physical activity explained 20% of the preschooler's classification as active and 16% of the time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Physical environmental opportunities for active play have a positive effect on physical activity in preschoolers and should be encouraged in different social segments.

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ABSTRACT: Objective: To assess the effect of modifications of the school environment on physical activity in Brazilian adolescent students. Methods: Seven public schools in Duque de Caxias (Brazil) were randomized into control and intervention groups. The intervention group underwent modifications in the school environment (painting of hopscotch and school courts) and the provision of sports equipment (balls, basketball table, soccer goalpost, volleyball nets, and others) to stimulate physical activity. Additionally, footsteps towards the court and materials were painted, and a superhero character called Super Active was introduced. Total physical activity was measured using a validated questionnaire for adolescents. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention, adjusted by sex. Results: The sample consisted of 975 adolescents, with a mean age of 11.52 years (standard deviation — SD 1.43), and 56.7% were boys. After the one-month intervention, both groups' total physical activity time increased. The estimated changes from baseline were not different between the intervention and control groups (Δ=102.75 and Δ=99.76, respectively; p=0.52). Conclusion: The painting, supply of equipment and other strategies to encourage physical activity in the school environment did not promote a positive effect on improving physical activity among adolescents. Future research is necessary to evaluate the effect of the intervention in the long-term period, particularly in other population contexts in middle-income countries.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da modificação do ambiente escolar sobre a atividade física em estudantes adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Sete escolas públicas em Duque de Caxias (Brasil) foram aleatorizadas em grupos controle e intervenção. O grupo de intervenção sofreu modificações no ambiente escolar (pintura de quadra esportiva e amarelinhas) e no fornecimento de equipamento esportivo (bolas, tabela de basquete, gol, rede para vôlei e outros) para estimular a atividade física. Além disso, foram pintados passos em direção à quadra e materiais, e foi introduzida uma personagem de super-herói chamada Super Ativa. A atividade física total foi medida com o uso de um questionário validado para adolescentes. Foram utilizados modelos lineares generalizados para avaliar o efeito da intervenção, ajustados por sexo. Resultados: A amostra consistiu em 975 adolescentes, com idade média de 11,52 anos (desvio padrão — DP 1,43) e 56,7% eram meninos. Após a intervenção de um mês, o tempo total de atividade física aumentou em ambos os grupos. Contudo, as mudanças estimadas em relação à linha de base não foram diferentes entre os grupos de intervenção e controle (Δ=102,75 e Δ=99,76, respectivamente; p=0,52). Conclusão: A pintura, o fornecimento de equipamentos e as demais estratégias de estímulo à prática de atividade física no ambiente escolar não promoveram efeito positivo na melhoria da atividade física entre os adolescentes. São necessários estudos futuros para avaliar o efeito da intervenção em longo prazo, particularmente em outros contextos populacionais, em países de média renda.

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O objetivo do trabalho foi compreender o que esteve em jogo na Câmara Municipal de Vereadores de Porto Alegre, no período de 02 de janeiro a 12 de julho de 2017, em que pese à (re) produção de significados do esporte, recreação e lazer como campo de intervenção de interesse público-social e da ação coletiva 'Somos Todos SME' como forma de luta política para manter a Secretaria. Foi uma pesquisa realizada a partir de uma experiência investigativa de participação observante registrada através de anotações, diários de campo, relatórios e documentos produzidos. Também utilizamos documentos oficiais disponíveis no acervo da Câmara Municipal e no Diário Oficial de Porto Alegre. Implicados por questões teórico-conceituais da obra de Pierre Bourdieu desenvolvemos um processo analítico-interpretativo que nos possibilitou concluir que estiveram em jogo menos os significados do esporte, recreação e lazer como campo de intervenção e mais os significados da ação coletiva que se colocava de maneira crescentemente articulada na cena pública para demandar a manutenção da SME.

This work focuses on understanding what was at stake in the Porto Alegre City Council on January 2-July 12, 2017 regarding (re)production of meanings in sport, recreation and leisure as an intervention field of public-social interest and the collective action 'We're All SME' (We all support the Porto Alegre Municipal Education Department) as a form of political struggle to maintain the Department. The study was based on an investigative experience of observant participation recorded through notes, field diaries, reports and documents produced. We also used official documents publicly available at Porto Alegre' City Council and the Municipal Gazette. Driven by theoretical-conceptual issues from Pierre Bourdieu's work, we developed an analytical-interpretative process that led us to conclude that what was at stake was the meanings of collective action increasingly interconnected in the public scene to demand the maintenance of the Municipal Education Department ­ rather than the meanings of sport, recreation and leisure as a field of intervention.

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Ao se considerar o tempo necessário para a fruição do lazer, é relevante pensar aonde esses momentos/atividades podem se desenvolver nas sociedades contemporâneas, especificamente quanto à existência de espaços e equipamentos destinados ou não para este fim. Frente a isso, este estudo se desenvolveu com o objetivo de identificar e analisar os espaços e equipamentos de lazer de seis municípios da Zona da Mata Mineira, bem como verificar onde estão, como são utilizados e quais os contrastes existentes entre eles. Considerando o fenômeno abordado, a pesquisa é de natureza quali-quantitativa, de caráter observacional, através do qual o investigador atua apenas como espectador de fenômenos ou fatos, sem interferir ou realizar qualquer intervenção que venha a modificar o desfecho dos mesmos. Para cumprir o proposto, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico acerca do tema a fim de nortear este estudo. Posteriormente foi realizada a coleta de dados, que incluiu visitas aos municípios, identificação dos espaços e equipamentos de lazer, registro fotográfico dos mesmos e observação detalhada em relação ao uso. Os resultados indicam que o lazer não é destaque na mesorregião quando se trata de políticas públicas referentes à criação de novos espaços e equipamentos, tampouco para a manutenção dos já existentes. Há pouca diversificação dos equipamentos, visto o predomínio de quadras poliesportivas e campos de futebol nas cidades mapeadas, em razão de o esporte ser um fenômeno social e cultural de extrema importância desde o início deste século. Neste estudo, conclui-se que há diversos fatores que agem como barreiras às oportunidades de lazer nos municípios em questão. Faz-se necessário que o poder público invista em ações de fomento à democratização do lazer, sobretudo na criação de políticas públicas que incrementem e organizem as práticas do mesmo, contemplando a população e os seus diferentes interesses culturais. (AU)

When considering the time required for the enjoyment of leisure, it is relevant to think about where these moments / activities can develop in contemporary societies, specifically as to the existence of spaces and equipment intended or not for this purpose. Given this, this study was developed with the objective of identifying and analyzing the spaces and leisure equipment of six municipalities of Zona da Mata Mineira, as well as to verify where they are, how they are used and what the contrasts exist between them. Considering the phenomenon addressed, the research is qualitative and quantitative, observational in nature, whereby the researcher acts only as a spectator of phenomena or facts, without interfering or performing any intervention that may modify their outcome. To comply with the proposal, a bibliographic survey on the subject was conducted in order to guide this study. Subsequently, data collection was performed, which included visits to the municipalities, identification of spaces and leisure equipment, photographic registration of the same and detailed observation regarding the use. The results indicate that leisure is not highlighted in the mesoregion when it comes to public policies regarding the creation of new spaces and equipment, nor for the maintenance of existing ones.There is little diversification of equipment, given the predominance of multi-sport courts and soccer fields in the mapped cities, due to the fact that sport has been an extremely important social and cultural phenomenon since the beginning of this century. In this study, it is concluded that there are several factors that act as barriers to leisure opportunities in the municipalities in question. It is necessary that the public power invest in actions to promote the democratization of leisure, especially in the creation of public policies that increase and organize its practices, including the population and their different cultural interests. (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Open Streets initiatives have allowed for physical activity (PA) in cities worldwide. However, few studies have evaluated the use of small Open Streets in low- and middle-income countries, such as those in Latin America. Thus, this study aimed to describe participation and PA level of users in the Recreovia program in Bucaramanga, Colombia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted during 5 Sundays from September to November 2017. Recreovia use was evaluated at 4 strategic points according to street accessibility (2 points) and aerobics class areas (2 points), using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities. RESULTS: A total of 38,577 observations were made (34,969 on streets and 3608 in aerobics class areas). Men (63%) and adults (62%), with moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) (98%) were observed on streets. The most common PAs were biking (50%), walking/dog walking (36%), and jogging (9%). In aerobics class areas, the most common groups were female (65%) and adults (89%). Participants were engaged in moderate to vigorous PA (91%). CONCLUSION: Measurement of number of participants at moderate to vigorous levels of PA was high. A difference between sexes and age in these street and aerobic class area groups was also observed.

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RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de los usuarios, cuidadores y profesionales de la salud sobre la implementación, funcionamiento y satisfacción relacionada con su participación en los clubes de integración psicosocial (CIP) para personas con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia en dos distritos de Lima Norte. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con enfoque metodológico cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad y 3 grupos focales con 21 participantes, entre usuarios, familiares cuidadores y profesionales de la salud mental. Se recolectó la información en diciembre de 2018 y se analizaron las percepciones sobre el proceso de implementación y satisfacción de los usuarios del club, sus relaciones afectivas y el ocio, su vinculación con las familias y redes sociocomunitarias, así como las limitaciones percibidas. Resultados: La percepción de los usuarios, cuidadores y profesionales de la salud mental fue favorable acerca de la implementación, funcionamiento y satisfacción de los socios como rol integrador y socializador a través de su participación, la reinserción social en actividades normalizadoras en su comunidad, red sanitaria y en el fortalecimiento de vínculos familiares. Los CIP se perciben como espacios de socialización que tienen un significado relevante en la vida de los usuarios. Conclusiones: Los participantes perciben el CIP como un espacio de bienestar y uso de tiempo libre adecuado que contribuye en la rehabilitación de su enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the perception of users, caregivers and health professionals about the implementation, operation and satisfaction related to their participation in psychosocial integration clubs (PIC) for people with diagnosis of schizophrenia in two districts of northern Lima. Materials and methods: This study had a qualitative methodological approach. In-depth interviews and 3 focus groups were conducted with 21 participants including users, family caregivers, and mental health professionals. The information was collected in December 2018. We analyzed the perceptions of the implementation process and satisfaction of the club's users, their affective relationships and leisure, their link with families and socio-community networks, as well as the perceived limitations. Results: The perception of club's users, caregivers and mental health professionals was favorable regarding the implementation, functioning and satisfaction of the users, as an integrating and socializing role, through their active participation, social reintegration in normalizing activities with their community, the health network and in the strengthening of family ties. PICs are perceived as spaces for socialization that have a relevant meaning in the lives of users. Conclusions: Participants perceive PICs as a space for well-being and adequate use of free time, which contributes to the rehabilitation of the user's disease.

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RESUMEN El presente artículo hace referencia al establecimiento de herramientas didácticas-metodológicas para la incorporación de contenidos relacionados con la inclusión de educandos con discapacidad en la clase de Educación Física, que permitan su transversalidad en el currículo de la carrera Licenciatura en Cultura Física. A partir de un diagnóstico realizado, se constata la falta de presencia en las asignaturas de la carrera de contenidos relacionados con el tema, siendo necesario su tratamiento para dar cumplimiento a los objetivos formativos, las habilidades profesionales específicas del licenciado y las metas educativas internacionales. Se emplearon los métodos del nivel teórico y empíricos como el trabajo con documentos y la entrevista, que posibilitaron que a partir del análisis de diferentes documentos como: Plan de Estudio E, programas de disciplinas y asignaturas, así como la bibliografía relacionada con la Educación Física Inclusiva. Se organizó un algoritmo metodológico que partió desde los objetivos generales del programa hasta la bibliografía de la disciplina. Este se ejemplifica en la disciplina Teoría y práctica de la Educación Física y posibilita que cada asignatura de la carrera contribuya a que el estudiante perciba qué actuación pedagógica se realiza, tomando en consideración la inclusión educativa. La investigación se realiza en un contexto en el que debe formar a sus educandos con un enfoque integral físico-educativo, donde se pondera la atención a la discapacidad en la clase de Educación Física, desde la formación del profesional.

RESUMO Este artigo refere-se ao estabelecimento de ferramentas didático-metodológicas para a incorporação de conteúdos relacionados com a inclusão de estudantes com incapacidades na aula de Educação Física, que permitem a sua transversalidade no currículo do Bacharelato em Cultura Física. A partir de um diagnóstico efetuado, confirmou-se a falta de presença de conteúdos relacionados com este tema, nas disciplinas no curso de licenciatura, sendo necessário o seu tratamento para cumprir os objetivos formativos, as competências profissionais específicas do licenciado e os objectivos educativos internacionais. Os métodos do nível teórico e empírico foram utilizados como o trabalho com documentos e a entrevista, o que tornou possível que a partir da análise de diferentes documentos tais como: Plano de Estudo E, programas de disciplinas e assuntos, bem como a bibliografia relacionada com a Educação Física Inclusiva. Foi organizado um algoritmo metodológico a partir dos objectivos gerais do programa até à bibliografia da disciplina. Isto é exemplificado na disciplina Teoria e Prática da Educação Física e torna possível que cada disciplina do curso contribua para a percepção do aluno sobre o que a ação pedagógica é realizada, tendo em consideração a inclusão educacional. A investigação é realizada num contexto em que deve formar os seus alunos com uma abordagem físico-educativa integral, onde a atenção à deficiência na classe de Educação Física é ponderada, a partir da formação do profissional.

ABSTRACT This article refers to the establishment of didactic-methodological tools for the incorporation of contents related to the inclusion of students with disabilities in the Physical Education class, which allow its transversality in the curriculum of the Bachelor's Degree in Physical Culture. Based on a diagnosis carried out, the lack of presence of contents related to the topic in the subjects of the degree course was confirmed, being necessary its treatment in order to comply with the training objectives, the specific professional skills of the graduate and the international educational goals. Theoretical and empirical methods were used, such as the work with documents and the interview, which made it possible to analyze different documents such as: Syllabus E, programs of disciplines and subjects, as well as the bibliography related to Inclusive Physical Education. A methodological algorithm was organized starting from the general objectives of the program to the bibliography of the discipline. This is exemplified in the discipline Theory and Practice of Physical Education and makes it possible for each subject of the course to contribute to the student's perception of the pedagogical action carried out, taking into consideration educational inclusion. The research is carried out in a context in which it must train its students with an integral physical-educational approach, where the attention to disability in the Physical Education class is considered, from the formation of the professional.

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RESUMEN El ser humano es una unidad biopsicosocial e histórica; como actor social es capaz de reflejar y reproducir en su pensamiento y conciencia la realidad circundante donde él mismo forma parte, así como ejercer en ella una acción transformadora llamada praxis. Esta se basa como problema en la falta de preparación de los profesores en cuanto a determinar los contenidos de la Recreación Física de acuerdo con las características reales del contexto comunitario y a las condiciones objetivas y subjetivas históricas determinadas. el propósito del artículo está en explicar el vínculo que tiene la educación y su incidencia en el profesor de Recreación Física, la cual tiene como objetivo fundamental resolver las limitaciones existentes en el programa de los combinados deportivos, a partir del contenido que se implemente, y articular las invariantes tanto vertical como horizontal, presentadas en las actividades físico-recreativas hacia la comunidad. La metodología consistió en un análisis del modo de actuación del profesor para planear en la práctica las actividades de acuerdo con el proyecto integrador de los combinados deportivos. El análisis demostró insuficiencias en la selección del contenido como herramienta dinamizadora dentro del contexto comunitario para conformar una cultura recreativa y educativa en el tiempo libre. Eso repercutió en el mejoramiento de la variable investigada en el 95 % de la muestra y se evaluó de muy adecuado. Basado en ese preexperimento, se concluyó la falta de preparación del profesor incide en la determinación del contenido de la Recreación Física para generar alternativas de forma educativa hacia una correcta utilización constructiva del tiempo libre de la comunidad.

RESUMO O ser humano é uma unidade bio-psico-social e histórica; como ator social é capaz de refletir e reproduzir no seu pensamento e consciência a realidade envolvente da qual faz parte, bem como de exercer nela uma ação transformadora chamada práxis. Isto baseia-se como um obstáculo na falta de preparação dos professores para determinar os conteúdos da Recreação Física de acordo com as características reais do contexto comunitário e as condições históricas objetivas e subjetivas determinadas. O objectivo consistia em resolver algumas das limitações existentes no Programa de Recreação Física, relacionadas com o conteúdo das atividades físico-recreativas como forma de educação para a comunidade, de acordo com as atuais mudanças nas indicações e de acordo com o carácter intencional, sistemático e orientado nesse sentido. A metodologia consistiu numa análise da forma de atuação do professor a fim de planear as atividades na prática de acordo com o projecto de integração dos desportos combinados. A análise mostrou insuficiências na seleção do conteúdo como instrumento dinamizador dentro do contexto comunitário para formar uma cultura recreativa e educativa em tempo livre. Isto teve um impacto na melhoria da variável investigada em 95% da amostra e foi avaliado como muito adequado. Com base neste pré-experimento, concluiu-se que a falta de preparação do professor afecta a determinação do conteúdo da Recreação Física para gerar alternativas de uma forma educativa para uma correta utilização construtiva do tempo livre da comunidade.

ABSTRACT The human being is a biopsychosocial and historical unit; as a social actor he is capable of reflecting and reproducing in his thinking and consciousness the surrounding reality of which he is a part, as well as exercising in it a transforming action called praxis. This is based as a problem on the lack of preparation of teachers in determining the contents of Physical recreation according to the real characteristics of the community context and to the objective and subjective historical conditions determined. The purpose of the article is to explain the link that education and its incidence have on the Physical recreation teacher, which has as a fundamental objective to solve the existing limitations in the program of the sport complex, from the content that is implemented, and to articulate the vertical and horizontal invariants, presented in the physical-recreational activities towards the community. The methodology consisted of an analysis of the teacher's way of acting in order to plan the activities in practice according to the integrating project of the combined sport complexes. The analysis showed insufficiencies in the selection of content as a dynamic tool within the community context to create a recreational and educational culture in free time. This had an impact on the improvement of the researched variable in 95% of the sample and was evaluated as very adequate. Based on this pre-experiment, it was concluded that the lack of preparation of the teacher affects the determination of the content of Physical recreation to generate alternatives in an educational way towards a correct constructive use of the community's free time.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A utilização do jogo como estratégia de reabilitação tem revelado um especial impacto nas variáveis cognitivas no idoso, não sendo consensual o seu impacto em indicadores físicos. OBJETIVO: Medir o efeito do treino com um jogo de tabuleiro na melhoria da coordenação dos membros superiores e na força de preensão palmar em idosos institucionalizados. Foi também caracterizada a percepção dos idosos sobre o jogo como estratégia de reabilitação. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido um estudo quase-experimental, longitudinal, incluindo 10 idosos institucionalizados sem alterações significativas na cognição (6CIT 0-7) e na mobilidade dos membros superiores. Este grupo foi inicialmente avaliado (T0) quanto à Força de preensão manual (FPM) e quanto à coordenação dos membros superiores (Bateria de testes EUROFIT), repetindo a avaliação após 2 semanas de terapias convencionais (T1), tendo sido novamente reavaliados 2 semanas após frequentarem as terapias convencionais mais 2 horas adicionais de um programa com um jogo de tabuleiro (T2). Foi ainda coletada a perceção dos idosos sobre a experiência com o jogo. Foi comparada a evolução entre T0-T1 e T1-T2 usando o teste de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Apenas entre T1 e T2 ocorreram mudanças significativas na EUROFIT (p=0.005) e na FPM para ambos os membros (p=0.005; p= 0.007). Os idosos destacaram uma maior relevância do jogo no trabalho em equipe, no estímulo de raciocínio e de agilidade dos membros superiores. CONCLUSÃO: O jogo de tabuleiro é uma potencial ferramenta para completar a terapia convencional, sendo a experiência considerada muito positiva pelos idosos participantes (ClinicalTrials.gov IDIPL10062019).

INTRODUCTION: Using games as a rehabilitation strategy has significantly impacted cognitive variables in the elderly; however, its impact on physical indicators is not consensual. OBJECTIVE: To measure the effect of a training program with a board game on upper limb coordination and handgrip strength of institutionalized elderly. The elderly's perception of playing a board game as a rehabilitation strategy was also characterised. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal quasi-experimental study was carried out, including 10 institutionalized elderly people without significant changes in cognition (6CIT 0-7) and upper limb mobility. This group was initially evaluated (T0) for handgrip strength (HGS) and coordination of the upper limbs (EUROFIT test battery), repeating the assessment after 2 weeks of conventional therapies (T1), and also again 2 weeks after attending conventional therapies plus an additional 2 hours of a board game program (T2). The perception of the elderly about their experience with the game was also collected. The evolution between T0-T1 and T1-T2 was compared using the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Only between T1 and T2 were significant changes in EUROFIT (p=0.005) and HGS for both members (p=0.005; p= 0.007). A greater relevance of game-based program for teamwork, stimulating reasoning, and agility of the upper limbs was perceived. CONCLUSION: The board game is a potential tool to complement conventional therapy, and the experience is well perceived by the elderly participants (ClinicalTrials.gov IDIPL10062019).

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This paper examines the influence of man-made attractions for leisure and recreation on domestic tourists' preferences amongst regional destinations, and the moderating role of these attractions on the negative effect of distance on tourists' choices. A mixed multinomial logit model is employed for 368 cities in Colombia grouped into 28 provinces. Factor analysis is utilised to identify the latent variable that groups several man-made attractions for leisure and recreation. Results show that domestic tourists' choices of a regional destination increase as the number of man-made attractions for leisure and recreation rises, although there is taste heterogeneity between tourists explained by their city of origin. Findings also show that the decline in domestic tourists' preferences for a regional destination due to increases in travel distance can be lessened through the construction and/or enhancement of man-made venues for leisure and recreation in the destination; a strategy that can serve to reduce monetary poverty in distant destinations that have attributes to attract tourists.