RESUMO
Las experiencias adversas en la infancia (EAI) tienen un impacto considerable en la salud física y mental de los niños y adolescentes. Esta revisión bibliográfica se centra en la asociación entre estas experiencias y la incidencia de síntomas asmáticos, así como en las alteraciones inmunológicas en la población pediátrica. Los estudios revisados muestran una correlación significativa entre la exposición a EAI y el asma, destacando la importancia de un enfoque biopsicosocial para su manejo. Además, se discuten las implicancias clínicas y las precauciones necesarias al interpretar estos hallazgos.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a significant impact on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. This literature review focuses on the association between these experiences and the incidence of asthma symptoms, as well as immunological alterations in the pediatric population. The reviewed studies show a significant correlation between ACE exposure and asthma, highlighting the importance of a biopsychosocial approach for its management. Additionally, the clinical implications and necessary precautions when interpreting these findings are discussed.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Asma/psicologia , Psicologia da Criança , Experiências Adversas da InfânciaRESUMO
La investigación tiene como objetivo describir la resiliencia de los estudiantes de odontología, los factores asociados y las consecuencias en sus respectivas actividades académicas. Se realizó una investigación y recopilación de información bibliográfica especializada, en revistas indexadas de repositorios internacionales como Elsevier, PubMed Scielo, entre otras, con artículos publicados desde el 2019 hasta el 2023. La literatura ha demostrado que la resiliencia carece de una definición unánime, y su significado varía según las disciplinas que la estudian. Sin embargo, todas las definiciones hacen referencia a la capacidad de enfrentar adversidades y obtener resultados positivos. La resiliencia en estudiantes de odontología es crucial para equilibrar el crecimiento académico, la calidad del cuidado al paciente y el bienestar personal, lo que conduce a una experiencia educativa más exitosa y satisfactoria en esta profesión. También es importante resaltar que las instituciones educativas son el lugar ideal para promover la resiliencia.
The research aims to describe the resilience of dental students, the associated factors and the consequences in their respective academic activities. A research and compilation of specialised bibliographic information was carried out, in journals indexed in international repositories such as Elsevier, PubMed Scielo, among others, with articles published from 2019 to 2023. The literature has shown that resilience lacks a unanimous definition, and its meaning varies according to the disciplines that study it. However, all definitions refer to the ability to cope with adversity and achieve positive outcomes. Resilience in dental students is crucial to balancing academic growth, quality patient care and personal well-being, leading to a more successful and satisfying educational experience in this profession. It is also important to note that educational institutions are the ideal place to foster resilience.
RESUMO
En los últimos años, se utilizan cada vez con más profusión los estudios de caso como parte de la investigación del paradigma cualitativo. Se aplica como método y también como estrategia para dar respuesta a problemas clínicos, sociales y educativos que difícilmente se pueden abordar desde un modelo más centrado en la explicación de los fenómenos, y no en la comprensión de los mismos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo valorar la contribución de los estudios de caso en la investigación científica, y las potencialidades de su aplicación en el ámbito de la Cultura Física y el Deporte. Mediante el análisis bibliográfico, se valora el estudio de caso, insertado en la metodología de la investigación cualitativa educativa. El investigador lo utiliza según sus objetivos particulares, se exponen estudios de caso en diferentes esferas de actuación de la cultura física y el deporte, de manera que propicia un acercamiento preliminar, se utiliza como método y como técnica en el procesamiento de la información recopilada; también como estrategia investigativa que permite profundizar en casos particulares, en los cuales se analiza y obtiene información valiosa en dependencia del objetivo planificado en la investigación. Se concluye que en el ámbito de la Cultura Física y el Deporte este tipo de investigaciones permite sistematizar estudios particulares distintivos y ejemplarizantes que constituyen una fuente enriquecedora para la docencia, la investigación y las prácticas de entrenadores, psicólogos, deportistas y demás especialistas.
Nos últimos anos, os estudos de caso têm sido cada vez mais usados como parte da pesquisa do paradigma qualitativo. Ele é aplicado como um método e também como uma estratégia para responder a problemas clínicos, sociais e educacionais que dificilmente podem ser abordados a partir de um modelo mais focado na explicação dos fenômenos, em vez de sua compreensão. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a contribuição dos estudos de caso na pesquisa científica e o potencial de sua aplicação no campo da cultura física e do esporte. Por meio de uma análise bibliográfica, avalia-se o estudo de caso, inserido na metodologia da pesquisa educacional qualitativa. O pesquisador o utiliza de acordo com seus objetivos particulares, os estudos de caso são apresentados em diferentes âmbitos de atuação na cultura física e no esporte, de modo que favorece uma abordagem preliminar, é utilizado como método e como técnica no processamento das informações coletadas; também como estratégia de pesquisa que permite um estudo aprofundado de casos particulares, nos quais são analisadas e obtidas informações valiosas, dependendo do objetivo planejado na pesquisa. Conclui-se que, no campo da Cultura Física e do Esporte, esse tipo de pesquisa permite a sistematização de estudos particulares distintos e exemplares que constituem uma fonte enriquecedora para o ensino, a pesquisa e as práticas de treinadores, psicólogos, esportistas e outros especialistas.
In recent years, case studies have been increasingly used as part of qualitative paradigm research. It is applied as a method and also as a strategy to respond to clinical, social and educational problems that can hardly be approached from a model more focused on the explanation of the phenomena, and not on the understanding of them. The aim of this article is to evaluate the contribution of the case studies in scientific research, and the potential of their application in the field of Physical Culture and Sport. By means of the bibliographic analysis, the case study is evaluated, inserted in the methodology of educational qualitative research. The researcher uses it according to his particular objectives, case studies are presented in different spheres of action of physical culture and sport, so that it provides a preliminary approach, it is used as a method and as a technique in the processing of the information collected; also, as a research strategy that allows to deepen in particular cases, in which valuable information is analyzed and obtained depending on the objective planned in the research. It is concluded that in the field of Physical Culture and Sport, this type of research allows systematizing particular distinctive and exemplary studies that constitute an enriching source for teaching, research and practices of coaches, psychologists, athletes and other specialists.
RESUMO
Urofacial syndrome or Ochoa syndrome (UFS or UFOS) is a rare disease characterized by inverted facial expression and bladder dysfunction that was described for the first time in Colombia. It is an autosomal recessive pathology with mutations in the HPSE2 and LRIG2 genes. However, 16% of patients do not have any mutations associated with the syndrome. Despite the importance of neurobiology in its pathophysiology, there are no neurological, neuropsychological, or psychological studies in these patients. A 30-year-old male from Medellín, Colombia, with a significant perinatal history, was diagnosed with grade 4 hydronephrosis on his first ultrasound test. At 4 months of age, symptoms such as hypomimia, lagophthalmos, and recurrent urinary tract infections started to manifest. Imaging studies revealed urinary tract dilatation, vesicoureteral reflux, and a double collector system on his left side, which led to the diagnosis of UFS. Multiple procedures, including vesicostomy, ureterostomy, and enterocystoplasty, were performed. At 20 years of age, he achieved urinary sphincter control. Genetic analysis revealed a founder pathogenic variant, c.1516C > T (p.Arg506Ter), in the HPSE2 gene, which produces a truncated protein that lacks 86 amino acids. This variant is classified as pathogenic according to the ClinVar database for UFS. The mutation age is approximately 260-360 years, and the two alleles share a 7.2-7.4 Mb IBD segment. Moreover, we detected European local ancestry in the IBD segment, which is consistent with a Spanish introduction. Neurological examination, neuropsychological assessment, and psychological testing revealed no abnormalities, except for high stress levels. Clinical analysis of this patient revealed distorted facial expression and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, which are typical of patients with UFS. Genetic analysis revealed a pathogenic variant in the HPSE2 gene of European origin and a mutation age of 260-360 years. From a neurological, neuropsychological, and psychological (emotional and personality) perspective, the patient showed no signs or symptoms of clinical interest.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Psychological assessment in school settings involves a range of complexities and ethical dilemmas that practitioners must navigate carefully. This paper provides a comprehensive review of common issues faced by school psychologists during assessments, discussing best practices and ethical guidelines based on codes from various professional organizations. METHODS: We examine the entire assessment process, from pre-assessment considerations like informed consent and instrument selection to post-assessment practices involving results communication and confidentiality. Key ethical concerns addressed include fairness in assessment, cultural and linguistic appropriateness of testing materials, and issues surrounding informed consent. RESULTS: Specific challenges discussed include selecting appropriate assessment instruments that reflect the diverse needs and backgrounds of students, ensuring fairness and removing bias in testing, and effectively communicating results to various stakeholders while maintaining confidentiality. We emphasize the importance of multi-source, multi-method assessment approaches and the critical role of ongoing professional development in ethical practice. CONCLUSION: By adhering to established ethical standards and best practices, school psychologists can effectively support the educational and developmental needs of students. This paper outlines actionable recommendations and ethical considerations to help practitioners enhance the accuracy, fairness, and impact of their assessments in educational settings.
RESUMO
Introducción: El desarrollo positivo es un estadio de ajuste psicosocial que acentúa las potencialidades y los recursos entre jóvenes y sus contextos próximos. En Australia, se desarrolló el primer modelo de desarrollo positivo para adultos emergentes, el cual consta de cinco componentes (competencia social, satisfacción con la vida, confianza y tolerancia con los otros, confianza hacia autoridades e instituciones, acción y compromiso cívico), pero no ha sido investigado en Chile. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia disponible en la literatura científica sobre los cinco componentes del modelo de desarrollo positivo en adultos emergentes universitarios de Chile. Materiales y métodos: Revisión narrativa de la literatura publicada entre 2013 y 2023, en bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc y Dialnet. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 83 artículos, de los cuales 53 cumplieron los requisitos de inclusión; en su mayor parte fueron estudios cuantitativos (81,13%) y en español (75,47%). Se evidenció una disparidad en la cantidad de estudios por temática; se encuentra mayor investigación en satisfacción con la vida y acción y compromiso cívico. Conclusiones: Existen brechas en la literatura científica chilena en el estudio del desarrollo positivo; además de que se discuten particularidades idiosincrásicas y desafíos asociados a la etapa de adultez emergente.
Introduction: Positive development is a stage of psychosocial adjustment that accentuates the potentials and resources of young people and their close contexts. The first positive development model for emerging adulthood was developed in Australia, which includes five components: social; life satisfaction; trust and tolerance of others; trust in the authorities and institutions; and action and civic engagement. However, this model has not been investigated in Chile. Objective: To analyze the evidence available in the scientific literature on the five components of the positive development model in emerging adults universities. Materials and methods: A narrative review of the literature published between 2013 and 2023 in the Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, and Dialnet databases was conducted. Results: 83 articles were selected, of which 53 met the inclusion criteria; most of them were qualitative studies (81.13%) and in Spanish (75.47%). There is an evident disparity in terms of the number of studies and topics, e.g., there is more research on life satisfaction and civic action and commitment. Conclusions: There are gaps in the Chilean scientific literature in the study of positive development. In addition, idiosyncratic particularities and challenges associated with the stages of emerging adulthood are discussed.
Introdução: O desenvolvimento positivo é uma fase de ajustamento psicossocial que acentua o potencial e os recursos dos jovens e dos seus contextos imediatos. Na Austrália, foi desenvolvido o primeiro modelo de desenvolvimento positivo para adultos emergentes, que consiste em cinco componentes (social, satisfação com a vida, confiança e tolerância com os outros, confiança nas autoridades e instituições, ação e envolvimento cívico), mas ainda não foi investigado no Chile. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura científica sobre os cinco componentes do modelo de desenvolvimento positivo em adultos universitários emergentes no Chile. Materiais e métodos: Revisão narrativa da literatura publicada entre 2013 e 2023, nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc e Dialnet. Resultados: foram obtidos 83 artigos, dos quais 53 atenderam aos requisitos de inclusão; A maioria deles eram estudos quantitativos (81,13%) e em espanhol (75,47%). Ficou evidente uma disparidade no número de estudos por tema; Há mais pesquisas sobre satisfação com a vida e ação e compromisso cívico. Conclusões: Existem lacunas na literatura científica chilena no estudo do desenvolvimento positivo; Além disso, são discutidas particularidades e desafios idiossincráticos associados à fase da idade adulta emergente.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto Jovem , Psicologia do Desenvolvimento , Universidades , Crescimento e DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
This study aims to assist decision-making in anti-bullying interventions by highlighting the importance of positive factors such as gratitude, forgiveness, and self-regulation in mitigating the negative impacts of bullying/cyberbullying. The objective was to examine and synthesize available evidence on the impact of gratitude, forgiveness, and self-regulation practices in the school context regarding bullying/cyberbullying phenomena. Three databases were consulted (Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo), and the results include 14 articles. The three character strengths were associated with psychological well-being, life and school satisfaction, improved mental health, increased likelihood of engaging in pro-social behavior, and reduced involvement in bullying/cyberbullying situations. These strengths have the potential to enhance overall well-being and decrease risk behaviors, leading to more positive outcomes in experiences of violence. These results underscore the importance of considering students' individual strengths and the possible interventions to promote healthy school environments.
Assuntos
Bullying , Cyberbullying , Perdão , Instituições Acadêmicas , Autocontrole , Humanos , Cyberbullying/psicologia , Bullying/psicologia , Autocontrole/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , AdolescenteRESUMO
Political polarization has become a growing concern in democratic societies, as it drives tribal alignments and erodes civic deliberation among citizens. Given its prevalence across different countries, previous research has sought to understand under which conditions people tend to endorse extreme opinions. However, in polarized contexts, citizens not only adopt more extreme views but also become correlated across issues that are, a priori, seemingly unrelated. This phenomenon, known as "ideological sorting", has been receiving greater attention in recent years but the micro-level mechanisms underlying its emergence remain poorly understood. Here, we study the conditions under which a social dynamic system is expected to become ideologically sorted as a function of the mechanisms of interaction between its individuals. To this end, we developed and analyzed a multidimensional agent-based model that incorporates two mechanisms: homophily (where people tend to interact with those holding similar opinions) and pairwise-coherence favoritism (where people tend to interact with ingroups holding politically coherent opinions). We numerically integrated the model's master equations that perfectly describe the system's dynamics and found that ideological sorting only emerges in models that include pairwise-coherence favoritism. We then compared the model's outcomes with empirical data from 24,035 opinions across 67 topics and found that pairwise-coherence favoritism is significantly present in datasets that measure political attitudes but absent across topics not considered related to politics. Overall, this work combines theoretical approaches from system dynamics with model-based analyses of empirical data to uncover a potential mechanism underlying the pervasiveness of ideological sorting.
RESUMO
RESUMO As hortas comunitárias inspiradas em modelos agroecológicos já são tendências nas cidades que buscam estimular ambientes positivos. Entre as possíveis estratégias, permitem integrar políticas que visam à erradicação da fome, a garantia de qualidade alimentar e o aumento da economia familiar. O presente estudo objetiva analisar os significados simbólicos e afetivos dos usuários diante de suas atividades nas hortas comunitárias urbanas. Foram 40 entrevistados com idade média entre 45 e 80 anos, por meio do Instrumento Gerador de Mapas Afetivos. A pesquisa foi realizada in loco e os participantes foram convidados a desenhar a horta e responder à entrevista. As imagens produzidas foram analisadas a partir de suas estruturas, sentimentos e sentidos. Constatou-se que as vivências nesses ambientes foram mediadas por sentimentos de agradabilidade, pertencimento e restauração. Entre os sentidos atribuídos, destacaram-se a conexão com a natureza e a interação social. Conclui-se que tais dimensões presentes nas hortas estudadas podem contribuir para a promoção da saúde, da sustentabilidade e a preservação ambiental.
ABSTRACT Community gardens inspired by agroecological models are trends in cities that seek to stimulate positive environments. Among the possible strategies, they allow us to integrate policies that aim to eradicate eradicate hunger, guarantee food quality and increase the family economy. This study aims to analyze the symbolic and emotional meanings of users during their activities in urban community gardens. There were 40 interviewees with average age between 45 and 80 years old, through the Affective Map Generator Instrument. The research was carried out on site and the participants were invited to develop the information and respond to the interview. The images produced are analyzed from their structures, feelings and senses. It is confirmed that experiences in these environments are mediated by feelings of pleasantness, belonging and restoration. Among the senses attributed, the connection with nature and social interaction stand out. It is concluded that these dimensions present in the studied gardens can contribute to the promotion of health, sustainability and environmental preservation.
RESUMO
Interest in psychosocial predictors of doping has been increasing as a way of finding new approaches to reduce the use of performance-enhancing drugs. This investigation aimed to test the psychometric properties of an instrument to assess doping attitudes in Brazilian athletes. The PEAS was validated in Brazilian sports through a process of translation, back-translation and content validity assessment, presenting satisfactory evidence based on its content (CVC > 0.80). Then, 994 athletes from different sexes, types of sports and competitive levels answered the Brazilian version of the PEAS. The results showed satisfactory evidence of validity based on its response process, internal structure (X2/df = 2.04; RMSEA = 0.032 (0.026-0.038); CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.95) and reliability (Cronbach's α, McDonald's ω and CR > 0.70). Network analysis was also used to further explore the PEAS's internal structure. Overall, the results provide support for the adoption of the PEAS for Brazilian athletes and possibly other Portuguese-speaking countries.
RESUMO
This study aimed to analyze the effect of a flow training program based on mindfulness applied to young and adult elite handball athletes. A quantitative, quasi-experimental, descriptive data analysis approach was carried out. The sample included 105 athletes (51 female and 54 male). The athletes were divided into two groups: (i) experimental (n = 53) and (ii) control (n = 52). The results of the repeated ANOVA indicated that the experimental group achieved significant improvements compared to the control group in decision making (n2p = 0.086), mental well-being (n2p = 0.045), dispositional flow state (n2p = 0.103), non-judgment (n2p = 0.040), refocusing (n2p = 0.052), and mindful traits in daily life (n2p = 0.058). A Pearson analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between dispositional flow state and mindfulness in sport and mental well-being. The correlation analysis also showed an inverse correlation between decision making and sense of control and mindful traits in daily life. The findings revealed that the program can be effective in decision making, mental well-being, dispositional flow state, mindfulness in sport, and mindful traits in daily lives of athletes.
RESUMO
This article aims to thoroughly understand the concept of emotional self-regulation (ESR) and its relationship with personality. Through an interdisciplinary dialogue between psychology and philosophy-specifically, the anthropology of Thomas Aquinas-three realities are proposed that could be considered as ESR. The conceptual relationship between ESR-understood as operation, faculty and habit-and personality is examined, specifically using the Five-Factor Model and the virtues model. Key findings include the need for consensus on a precise definition of ESR, the central role of reason as a faculty capable of ruling over emotions, the relevance of the distinction between ESR and self-control, and the understanding of ESR as a set of habits that include aspects of prudence, temperance and fortitude. Interdisciplinary dialogue seems to be a valuable intellectual approach to the advancement of the field of psychology.
RESUMO
El propósito del trabajo fue determinar la relación existente entre el clima organizacional y la gestión de la calidad en la División de Títulos y Diplomas (DTD), unidad administrativa de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), institución pública y autónoma, responsable de la formación académica profesional, investigativa y social en la ciudad de La Paz. Para ello se empleó una metodología cuantitativa y un diseño correlacional transaccional; se elaboraron tres escalas que fueron validadas y confiabilizadas para luego ser aplicadas a funcionarios y usuarios de la DTD (seleccionados a través de muestras probabilísticas simples y censal); se contó también con una guía de entrevistas. Los resultados arrojan que en la DTD se cuenta con un clima organizacional participativo en el que resaltan el liderazgo, el trabajo en equipo y una visión positiva sobre sueldos y prestaciones recibidas; como debilidades resaltan el ambiente físico de trabajo, el diseño de puestos de trabajo y el desarrollo de carrera. La certificación en gestión de calidad es la mayor fortaleza a lo que se suma la orientación al cliente; la debilidad en gestión de calidad está centrada en la planificación. Finalmente se determinó que, si bien ambas variables están conectadas, el comportamiento de una no obedece exclusivamente al comportamiento de la otra, por lo que se infiere que existen otras variables que inciden en ellas, entre estas el compromiso, la normativa general institucional y el trato mismo que dispensa el usuario al funcionario.
The purpose of the work was to determine the relationship between the organizational climate and quality management in the Degrees and Diplomas Division (DTD), an administrative unit of the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), a public and autonomous institution, responsible for professional, investigative and social academic training in the city of La Paz. For this, a quantitative methodology and a transactional correlational design were used; Three scales were developed that were validated and made reliable and then applied to officials and users of the DTD (selected through simple probabilistic samples and census); There was also an interview guide. The results show that the DTD has a participatory organizational climate in which leadership, teamwork and a positive vision of salaries and benefits received stand out; as weaknesses they highlight the physical work environment, job design and career development. Certification in quality management is the greatest strength to which customer orientation is added; the weakness in quality management is focused on planning. Finally, it will be concluded that, although both variables are connected, the behavior of one does not obey exclusively to the behavior of the other, so it is inferred that there are other variables that affect them, among them the commitment, the general institutional regulations and the same treatment that dispenses the user to the officer.
O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a relação entre o clima organizacional e a gestão da qualidade na Divisão de Graus e Diplomas (DTD), unidade administrativa da Universidade Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), instituição pública e autônoma, responsável pela gestão profissional, formação acadêmica investigativa e social na cidade de La Paz. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma metodologia quantitativa e um desenho correlacional transacional; foram desenvolvidas três escalas que foram validadas e tornadas confiáveis ââe depois aplicadas a funcionários e usuários da DTD (selecionados através de amostras probabilísticas simples e censo); havia também um guia de entrevista. Os resultados mostram que o DTD possui um clima organizacional participativo em que se destacam a liderança, o trabalho em equipe e uma visão positiva dos salários e benefícios recebidos; os pontos fracos incluem o ambiente físico de trabalho, a concepção do trabalho e o desenvolvimento da carreira. A certificação em gestão da qualidade é o maior ponto forte ao qual se soma a orientação para o cliente; A fraqueza na gestão da qualidade está focada no planejamento. Por fim, determinou-se que, embora ambos ases variáveis estejam conectadas, o comportamento de uma não obedece exclusivamente ao comportamento da outra, pelo que se infere que existem outras variáveis que as afetam, incluindo o comprometimento, as regulamentações institucionais gerais e o mesmo tratamento que o usuário dá ao funcionário.
RESUMO
Identifying a future occupation is an important achievement during adolescence, a process particularly complex for Peruvian adolescents. Perú is a postcolonial country with many forms of inequality, and one of them is the opportunity gap to attend a college. However, most adolescents aspire to go to university as a way out of poverty, and, since Perú is a collectivist society, this is a family task: it is adolescents' responsibility to go to college in order to give a better life to their families. Theories developed for WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic) do not provide an accurate explanation of Peruvian adolescents' occupational projects because they envision a person with autonomy and resources to choose a career. Thus, our goal is to analyze adolescents' occupational plans considering the role adolescent-caregivers relationships play in this configuration. This study is part of the project "Being an adolescent in Perú" (PUCP-UNICEF) which characterized Peruvian adolescence by studying 14 variables through a qualitative study with 66 participants. In depth interviews were conducted and the data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results of the thematic analysis are organized in three topics that explain the relationship between occupational plans and adolescent-caregiver relationship (1) adolescents have occupational aspirations rather than achievable projects that are that are built alone, without adult support; (2) attending college as an occupational aspiration belongs to the family, not to the individual operating also a kind of "debt" to pay to their caregivers for being financially supported to be able to study in high school; and (3) caregivers do not have the possibility or resources of being able to accompany their adolescent's occupational plans. We conclude that Peruvian adolescents think about their future within the framework of their family's needs, rather than linked to personal and occupational goals, impeding adolescents from exploring and selecting a realistic occupational goal consistent with their interests. The results allow us to discuss the relevance of studying adolescent development taking into account the particularities of the adolescents' cultural and socioeconomic contexts as well as the core role that relationship with caregivers plays in this process in Perú.
Assuntos
Escolha da Profissão , Humanos , Adolescente , Peru , Masculino , Feminino , Universidades , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Adulto Jovem , Família/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the 34-item Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure questionnaire (CORE-OM). METHOD: Psychometric exploration was conducted in two samples: non-clinical (n = 706) and clinical (n = 420) participants. The non-clinical sample comprised a subgroup of community members (n = 308) and students (n = 398). The clinical sample consisted of self-reported patients (n = 209) and outpatients (n = 211). The analysis included both internal and test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and principal component analysis. A reliable change index and clinical cut-off scores were established for assessing clinically significant change. RESULTS: The Spanish CORE-OM demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, along with satisfactory convergent validity against the 45-item Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2). There were strong differentiations between the clinical and non-clinical samples and the four sample subsets. The outpatient group reported the highest scores, while the community group exhibited the lowest scores. There were no marked gender effects. All observed patterns aligned closely with the established Spanish referential data. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide support for the utilization of the Spanish CORE-OM as a measure for tracking psychotherapeutic progress in the context of Chile.
RESUMO
This article addresses the implications of ´Understanding the process of Taoistic-informed mindfulness from a Meadian perspective´, a work by von Fircks (2023) published in this journal, which represents a vindication of the historic, philosophic, and subjective dimensions of research in psychology. From my perspective as an indigenous researcher, I share my own experience of how deceitful distinctions between more or less scientific research topics are fostered by the omission of those dimensions. I also introduce the indigenous understanding of well-being to emphasize the relational nature of this phenomenon and similarities with some conclusions arising from the autoethnographic approach of the author. Moreover, the trivialization of well-being and epistemic violence toward the indigenous corpus of knowledge are signaled as consequences of reductionism in psychological research and the pursuit of scientific status. In this vein, the lack of a critical perspective in psychology is considered functional to the order in which possibilities for well-being are seriously constrained.
Assuntos
Atenção Plena , Humanos , Psicologia , Satisfação Pessoal , PesquisaRESUMO
The present text presents partial results of the research "Young people with disability due to gunshot wounds: an exploratory study from the Memorialistic Narratives", which aimed to problematize the effects of violence and criminality in the juvenile sphere by investigating, beyond the increase in mortality and incarceration rates, the transformation of these young people into people with disabilities, specifically, people in wheelchairs. To achieve this goal, we used as a method the Memorialistic Narratives and worked on the categories of exclusion, violence and a body marked by trauma. We will reflect on the case of Guilherme, a poor, marginalized young man with a disability and a wheelchair user due to a gunshot wound. The choice for his case relates to the different forms that violence can assume, influencing lives and leaving marks, besides, we believe that his life story can contribute to qualifying psychology's look at young people in contexts of violence.
RESUMO
Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) is a temperament trait rooted in biology, and is distinguished by heightened awareness, emotional responsiveness, and sensitivity to environmental stimuli. In this study, we aimed to enable the assessment of SPS within Spanish-speaking populations. To achieve this, we translated, adapted, and validated the Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire (SPSQ), which offers a comprehensive evaluation of SPS, encompassing both positive and negative aspects of the trait. Participants were 1,004 (844 females, mean age 37) mainly from Chile (964), and 40 were from other Spanish-speaking regions. Confirmatory factor analysis, utilizing the diagonally weighted least squares method, was applied to validate the internal structure of the Spanish version of the SPSQ (S-SPSQ). Fit indices such as GFI, CFI, TLI, RMSEA, and SRMR were scrutinized. Reliability assessment utilized Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega. Three models were examined: Model I (six factors) displayed robustness, Model II (six factors plus a general factor) did not show substantive improvement, and Model III (Higher Order and Bifactor) excelled in fit while balancing complexity and representation, thus validating the findings of the original SPSQ and indicating similar reliability coefficients. The study offers a balanced perspective on SPS and contributes to cross-cultural validation of an SPS instrument which may facilitate research and guide personalized therapeutic interventions, thus enhancing outcomes for highly sensitive persons.
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Este trabalho apresenta aspectos de uma observação participante em um Hospital Universitário do nível terciário da rede SUS localizado em Vitória, capital da região sudeste do Brasil, durante o primeiro semestre de 2023. Logo, o relato a seguir pretende provocar e incitar a discussão sobre os desafios enfrentados pela psicologia em contexto hospitalar, dentre eles o racismo estrutural impregnado nos corpos e nos gestos que se atualizam naquele estabelecimento. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, de caráter qualitativo, vivido através do acompanhamento da dinâmica hospitalar da clínica cirúrgica e da clínica médica do referido Hospital. O percurso metodológico foi realizado por meio da análise institucional de linhagem francesa, calcada em discussões de orientações do estágio, onde os diários de campo, observações e participações no campo eram semanalmente discutidas. RESULTADOS: Destaca a produção e reafirmação do racismo estrutural no país, que se expressa tanto no trato com pacientes quanto com funcionários e estudantes. A escuta da equipe profissional do hospital é marcada, muitas vezes, por práticas assistencialistas e por processos de exclusão preconceituosos, fazendo-nos indagar: "A psicologia hospitalar tem cor?" CONCLUSÃO: O objetivo da pesquisa foi cumprido e, além disso, relatar essa experiência suscitou ao campo diversas questões como: de que forma colocar em funcionamento uma gestão hospitalar que propicie uma política de compartilhamento de atenção ao paciente entre os equipamentos da atenção?
OBJECTIVE: This work presents aspects of participant observation in a University Hospital at the tertiary level of the SUS network located in Vitória, capital of the southeast region of Brazil, during the first half of 2023. Therefore, the following report intends to provoke and incite discussion about the challenges faced by psychology in a hospital context, among them the structural racism permeated in the bodies and gestures that are updated in that establishment. METHOD: This is an experience report, of a qualitative nature, experienced through monitoring the hospital dynamics of the surgical clinic and the medical clinic of the aforementioned Hospital. The methodological path was carried out through institutional data analysis, based on discussions of internship guidelines, where field diaries, observations and participation in the internship were discussed weekly. RESULTS: Highlights the production and reaffirmation of structural racism in the country, which is expressed both in dealings with patients, employees and students. Listening to the hospital's professional team is often marked by welfare practices and prejudiced exclusion processes, making us ask: "Does hospital psychology have color?" CONCLUSION: The objective of the research was fulfilled and, in addition, reporting this experience raised several questions in the field, such as: how to put into operation hospital management that provides a policy of sharing patients between care equipment?
OBJETIVO: Este trabajo presenta aspectos de la observación participante en un Hospital Universitario del nivel terciario de la red SUS ubicado en Vitória, capital de la región sureste de Brasil durante el primer semestre de 2023. Por lo tanto, el siguiente informe pretende provocar e incitar a la discusión sobre los desafíos que enfrenta la psicología en el contexto hospitalario, entre ellos el racismo estructural permeado en los cuerpos y gestos que se actualizan en ese establecimiento. MÉTODO: Se trata de un relato de experiencia, de carácter cualitativo, vivida a través del seguimiento de la dinámica hospitalaria de la clínica quirúrgica y de la clínica médica del mencionado Hospital. El recorrido metodológico se realizó a través del análisis de datos institucionales, a partir de discusiones sobre lineamientos de pasantía, donde semanalmente se discutieron diarios de campo, observaciones y participación en la pasantía. RESULTADOS: Destaca la producción y reafirmación del racismo estructural en el país, que se expresa tanto en el trato con pacientes, empleados y estudiantes. La escucha del equipo profesional del hospital muchas veces está marcada por prácticas asistencialistas y procesos de exclusión prejuiciosos, lo que nos lleva a preguntarnos: "¿Tiene color la psicología hospitalaria?". CONCLUSIÓN: El objetivo de la investigación fue cumplido y, además, relatar esta experiencia generó varias preguntas en el campo, tales como: ¿cómo poner en funcionamiento una gestión hospitalaria que prevea una política de reparto de pacientes entre equipos de atención?