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Mentha arvensis is an herbaceous plant commonly known as peppermint or Japanese mint. This study investigated the toxic potential and repellent efficacy of M. arvensis essential oil (MaEO) at varying concentrations (15.625-250 mg/mL) in Nauphoeta cinerea, along with its impact on biochemical parameters in N. cinerea. The potential of the major compounds as a new analgesic target was investigated using molecular docking. The essential oil was analyzed by gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the toxic potential, repellent property, and changes in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were evaluated as markers of oxidative stress. GC-MS results revealed that the main components were oxygenated monoterpenes such as menthol (71.31%), mentone (13.34%) and isomentone (5.35%). MaEO significantly reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO), the levels of non-protein thiols and iron(II) at the concentration of 125 mg/mL in N. cinerea. Furthermore, the major components, L-(-)-Menthol and menthone demonstrated high gastrointestinal absorption and high affinity with the target protein, suggesting possible links that contribute to the analgesic effect of MaEO.
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Antioxidantes , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Mentha , Óleos Voláteis , Mentha/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Repelentes de Insetos/farmacologia , Repelentes de Insetos/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/químicaRESUMO
Synthetic sunscreen offers protection against excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, and protects the skin from possible damage. However, they have low efficacy against the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are highly reactive molecules that can be generated in the skin when it is exposed to UV radiation, and are known to play a role in oxidative stress, which can contribute to skin aging and damage. Thus, there is an ongoing search for sunscreens that do not have these negative effects. One promising source for these is natural products. Therefore, the current patent review summarizes topical formulations made from natural compounds that have antioxidant properties and can be used as photoprotective or anti-aging agents, either using a single natural extract or a combination of extracts. The review reports basic patent information (applicant country, type of applicant, and year of filing) and gives details about the invention, including its chemical composition, and the in vitro and in vivo tests performed. These patents describe natural products that can be used to protect the skin and validate their efficacy, and safety, in addition to standardizing their formulations. The compositions described illustrate the consistent innovation in the use of natural products to protect against UV damage and photoaging disorders, a promising field which is receiving growing global recognition.
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Produtos Biológicos , Protetores Solares , Raios Ultravioleta , Protetores Solares/farmacologia , Protetores Solares/química , Humanos , Produtos Biológicos/química , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Patentes como Assunto , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Envelhecimento da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Envelhecimento da Pele/efeitos da radiação , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Animais , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease and more than 1 billion people live in endemic areas with the risk of infection worldwide. Although it is an important epidemiological issue, the gold standard method of diagnosis requires invasive sample collection and is accompanied by a high level of sensitivity variation in results. The present study aims to conduct a patent prospection of immunodiagnostic methods for human tegumentary leishmaniasis in the last 10 years, focused on those with high sensitivity and specificity, and simple usability. We searched seven patent databases: The LENS, WIPO, EPO, USPTO, Patent Inspiration, Google patents, and INPI. Eleven patents were found that satisfy our search criteria, with six of them being registered in 2017. Most patents were registered in Brazil. The information obtained here covers the main characteristics of the immunodiagnostic methods evaluated. Moreover, our prospective study reveals the latest biotechnological advancements achieved in the immunodiagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis, especially in Brazil, which holds the majority of patents in this subject. However, no patent for immunodiagnostic methods was found in the last three years, which raises concerns about the present and future trends of leishmaniasis diagnosis.
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Leishmaniose Cutânea , Leishmaniose , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Leishmaniose/diagnóstico , Brasil , Leishmaniose Cutânea/diagnósticoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Bacterial antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria mutate and escape the effect of antibiotics, which makes the antibiotics no longer effective in treating infections. New solutions for bacterial infections are a persistent need including the identification of drugs with better pharmacological profiles, more potent, and safer. Cyclodextrins inclusion complexes have been able to improve the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the formulation molecules, resulting in new alternatives with better efficacy. AREAS COVERED: The patents analyzed in the review used treatments based on antibiotics already on the market, natural products, and synthesized molecules composed of the formulation with cyclodextrins. The combination between cyclodextrin and nanostructures also were presented in the patents review process. Moreover, inclusion complexes have been an alternative in developing treatment mainly in China by the pharmaceutical industries in several countries such as Germany, Hungary, the United States of America, Japan and China. EXPERT OPINION: This review is broad and complete since it considers the first patent involving cyclodextrins and antibacterial drugs. Therefore, the various inclusion complexes and antibacterial drugs alternatives presented in this review offer therapeutic options to fight bacterial infections. If shown to be effective, these drugs may be extremely important in the current clinical practice.
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Ciclodextrinas , Ciclodextrinas/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , SolubilidadeRESUMO
Technological prospecting was performed on documents related to sourdough microbiota using SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Espacenet and Patent Inspiration databases. Scientific articles and patents were analyzed based on three different perspectives: macro (year of publication, country, and institutions), meso (categorization as different taxonomies according to the subject evaluated), and micro (in-depth analysis of the main taxonomies, gathering the documents in subcategories). The main subject addressed in patents was the starter and product preparation, while 58.8% of the scientific publications focused on sourdough starter microbiota (identification and selection of microorganisms). Most patents were granted to companies (45.9%), followed by independent inventors (26.4%) and universities (21.8%). Sourdough products are in the spotlight when the subject is the bakery market; however, a closer integration between academia and industry is needed. Such a collaboration could generate a positive impact on the sourdough market in terms of innovation, providing a bread with a better nutritional and sensory quality for all consumers. Moreover, sourdough creates a new magnitude of flavor and texture in gastronomy, providing new functional products or increasing the quality of traditional ones.
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Microalgae lipids offer numerous advantages over those of plants and animals, enabling the sustainable commercialization of high value-added products in different markets. Although these markets are in a vertiginous annual expansion, technological life cycle modeling is a tool that has been rarely used for microalgae. Life cycle modeling is capable of assisting with decision-making based on data and is considered as a versatile model, usable in multiple software analyzing and diagnostic tasks. Modeling technological trends makes it possible to categorize the development level of the market and predict phase changes, reducing uncertainties and increasing investments. This study aims to fill this gap by performing a global analysis and modeling of microalgal lipid innovations. The Espacenet and Orbit platforms were used by crossing the keywords "microalgae", "lipid*", and the IPC code C12 (biochemistry and microbiology). Different sigmoid growth models were used in the present study. A successive repetition of the Chlorella genus category was found in the keyword clusters regarding extraction and separation of lipids. The life cycle S curve indicates a market starting at the maturity phase, where the BiDoseResp model stands out. The main countries and institutions at the technological forefront are shown, as well as potential technological domains for opening new markets.
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This article describes a practical method for prospecting and isolating giant viruses based on direct inoculation of environmental samples into amoeba cultures of Acanthamoeba castellanii. The giant viruses that infect amoebas have already been isolated from various environmental samples in several countries worldwide, including in extreme environments. Here we describe the methodologic procedures regarding the prospecting of giant viruses in A. castellanii, including the preparation of environmental samples, the culture of amoebas, and the observation of cytopathic effects that can indicate the presence and potential isolation of giant viruses. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Sample collection Support Protocol: Propagation of Acanthamoeba castellanii Basic Protocol 2: Prospecting of giant viruses in environmental samples by cytopathic effect analysis.
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Acanthamoeba castellanii , Amoeba , Vírus GigantesRESUMO
Background: Global demand for food products derived from alternative proteins and produced through sustainable technological routes is increasing. Evaluation of research progress, main trends and developments in the field are valuable to identify evolutionary nuances. Methods: In this study, a bibliometric analysis and search of patents on alternative proteins from fermentation processes was carried out using the Web of Science and Derwent World Patents Index™ databases, using the keywords and Boolean operators "fermentation" AND "single cell protein" OR "single-cell protein." The dataset was processed and graphics generated using the bibliometric software VOSviewer and OriginPro 8.1. Results: The analysis performed recovered a total of 360 articles, of which 271 were research articles, 49 literature review articles and 40 publications distributed in different categories, such as reprint, proceedings paper, meeting abstract among others. In addition, 397 patents related to the field were identified, with China being the country with the largest number of publications and patents deposits. While this topic is largely interdisciplinary, the majority of work is in the area of Biotechnology Applied Microbiology, which boasts the largest number of publications. The area with the most patent filings is the food sector, with particular emphasis on the fields of biochemistry, beverages, microbiology, enzymology and genetic engineering. Among these patents, 110 are active, with industries or companies being the largest depositors. Keyword analysis revealed that the area of study involving single cell protein has included investigation into types of microorganisms, fermentation, and substrates (showing a strong trend in the use of agro-industrial by-products) as well as optimization of production processes. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis provided important information, challenges, and trends on this relevant subject.
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En 2018, la acuicultura produjo 82,1 millones de toneladas de animales acuáticos, y los peces representan la mayoría. Esta producción está en constante aumento en el mundo, especialmente en los países en desarrollo, lo que garantiza ingresos y seguridad nutricional. Conociendo su importancia, investigadores y productores apuntan a mejorar y aplicar tecnologías como el uso de peces monosexo en las granjas. Estas tecnologías están protegidas a través de documentos de patente para garantizar la exclusividad de explotación comercial y están disponibles para búsquedas en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar la prospección tecnológica de productos y procesos que apunten a la obtención del monosexo de peces. Se realizó una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos de patentes nacionales e internacionales, como INPI, Espacenet, LATIPAT y Patent scope. La búsqueda se realizó con palabras clave en portugués, inglés y español, seguida del análisis y filtrado de documentos con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión adoptados. Con las patentes obtenidas, se tabularon los datos y se procedió al análisis. Se identificó que China era titular del 67,9% de las patentes y el inicio del registro de documentos a partir de 1992, observándose un mayor crecimiento en los últimos 20 años. De acuerdo con la clasificación internacional de patentes, l
In 2018, aquaculture produced 82.1 million tons of aquatic animals, with fish accounting for the largest share. This production is constantly increasing in the world, especially in developing countries, ensuring income and nutritional security. Knowing its importance, researchers and producers aim to improve and apply technologies such as the use of monosex fish on farms. These technologies are protected through patent documents to guarantee the exclusivity of commercial exploitation and are made available for searches in national and international databases. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out the technological prospection of products and processes that aim to obtain the monosex of fish. A search was carried out in the main national and international patent databases, such as INPI, Espacenet, LATIPAT, and Patent scope. The search was performed using keywords in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, followed by analysis and filtering of documents with the adopted inclusion and exclusion criteria. With the patents obtained, the data were tabulated and proceeded to analysis. It was identified that China was the holder of 67.9% of the patents and the beginning of the registration of documents in 1992, with greater growth observed in the last 20 years. According to the international classification of patents, the technological groups that were found the most were in the a
Em 2018, a aquicultura produziu 82,1 milhões de toneladas de animais aquáticos, sendo os peixes os responsáveis pela maior parcela. Essa produção está em constante aumento no mundo, sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento, garantindo renda e segurança nutricional. Sabendo da sua importância, pesquisadores e produtores visam melhorar e aplicar tecnologias como o uso de monosexo de peixes nas fazendas de criação. Essas tecnologias são protegidas através de documentos de patentes para garantir a exclusividade de exploração comercial sendo disponibilizadas para buscas em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a prospecção tecnológica de produtos e processos que visam a obtenção do monosexo de peixes. Foi realizado a busca nas principais bases de dados de patentes nacionais e internacionais, como o INPI, Espacenet, LATIPAT e Patent scope. A busca foi feita utilizando palavras-chaves em português, inglês e espanhol, seguida por análise e filtro dos documentos com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão adotados. Com as patentes obtidas, os dados foram tabelados e seguiram para a análise. Identificou-se que a China foi detentora de 67,9% das patentes e início dos registros de documentos a partir de 1992, sendo observado maior crescimento nos últimos 20 anos. Pela classificação internacional de patentes, os grupos tecnológicos que mais fora
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Em 2018, a aquicultura produziu 82,1 milhões de toneladas de animais aquáticos, sendo os peixes os responsáveis pela maior parcela. Essa produção está em constante aumento no mundo, sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento, garantindo renda e segurança nutricional. Sabendo da sua importância, pesquisadores e produtores visam melhorar e aplicar tecnologias como o uso de monosexo de peixes nas fazendas de criação. Essas tecnologias são protegidas através de documentos de patentes para garantir a exclusividade de exploração comercial sendo disponibilizadas para buscas em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a prospecção tecnológica de produtos e processos que visam a obtenção do monosexo de peixes. Foi realizado a busca nas principais bases de dados de patentes nacionais e internacionais, como o INPI, Espacenet, LATIPAT e Patent scope. A busca foi feita utilizando palavras-chaves em português, inglês e espanhol, seguida por análise e filtro dos documentos com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão adotados. Com as patentes obtidas, os dados foram tabelados e seguiram para a análise. Identificou-se que a China foi detentora de 67,9% das patentes e início dos registros de documentos a partir de 1992, sendo observado maior crescimento nos últimos 20 anos. Pela classificação internacional de patentes, os grupos tecnológicos que mais foram encontrados estavam nas áreas de necessidades humanas e química (seções A e C). Os principais depositantes foram distribuídos entre institutos de pesquisa e empresas. A maior parte das patentes não especificavam famílias de peixes para aplicação da tecnologia, as que faziam foram principalmente para Chichilidae e Bagridae. 10 técnicas para o monosexo foram protegidas, e mais da metade dos patenteamentos continham, em alguma etapa do processo, a utilização de manipuladores endócrinos para obter o resultado desejado. Esse trabalho também permitiu verificar que a China segue como o maior produtor de patentes na piscicultura em concordância com o seu grande potencial na aquicultura. Podemos concluir que o estudo de prospecção tecnológica se mostrou eficaz para o entendimento da trajetória em que segue o estado da técnica da criação de peixes quando se fala na obtenção de monosexo. Percebeu-se que, mesmo o Brasil sendo um país relevante na psicultura, a proteção desse tipo de tecnologia ainda é deficiente no país sendo necessário a criação de medidas mitigadoras para contornar este problema.
In 2018, aquaculture produced 82.1 million tons of aquatic animals, with fish accounting for the largest share. This production is constantly increasing in the world, especially in developing countries, ensuring income and nutritional security. Knowing its importance, researchers and producers aim to improve and apply technologies such as the use of monosex fish on farms. These technologies are protected through patent documents to guarantee the exclusivity of commercial exploitation and are made available for searches in national and international databases. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out the technological prospection of products and processes that aim to obtain the monosex of fish. A search was carried out in the main national and international patent databases, such as INPI, Espacenet, LATIPAT, and Patent scope. The search was performed using keywords in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, followed by analysis and filtering of documents with the adopted inclusion and exclusion criteria. With the patents obtained, the data were tabulated and proceeded to analysis. It was identified that China was the holder of 67.9% of the patents and the beginning of the registration of documents in 1992, with greater growth observed in the last 20 years. According to the international classification of patents, the technological groups that were found the most were in the areas of human and chemical needs (sections A and C). The main depositors were distributed among research institutes and companies. Most of the patents did not specify fish families for the application of the technology, those that did were mainly for Chichilidae and Bagridae. 10 techniques for monosex were protected, and more than half of the patents contained, at some stage of the process, the use of endocrine manipulators to obtain the desired result. This work also made it possible to verify that China remains the largest producer of patents in fish farming, following its great potential in aquaculture. We can conclude that the technological prospection study proved to be effective for understanding the trajectory in which the state of the art of fish farming follows when it comes to obtaining monosex. It was noticed that, even though Brazil is a relevant country in psychculture, the protection of this type of technology is still deficient in the country, and it is necessary to create mitigating measures to circumvent this problem.
En 2018, la acuicultura produjo 82,1 millones de toneladas de animales acuáticos, y los peces representan la mayoría. Esta producción está en constante aumento en el mundo, especialmente en los países en desarrollo, lo que garantiza ingresos y seguridad nutricional. Conociendo su importancia, investigadores y productores apuntan a mejorar y aplicar tecnologías como el uso de peces monosexo en las granjas. Estas tecnologías están protegidas a través de documentos de patente para garantizar la exclusividad de explotación comercial y están disponibles para búsquedas en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar la prospección tecnológica de productos y procesos que apunten a la obtención del monosexo de peces. Se realizó una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos de patentes nacionales e internacionales, como INPI, Espacenet, LATIPAT y Patent scope. La búsqueda se realizó con palabras clave en portugués, inglés y español, seguida del análisis y filtrado de documentos con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión adoptados. Con las patentes obtenidas, se tabularon los datos y se procedió al análisis. Se identificó que China era titular del 67,9% de las patentes y el inicio del registro de documentos a partir de 1992, observándose un mayor crecimiento en los últimos 20 años. De acuerdo con la clasificación internacional de patentes, los grupos tecnológicos que más se encontraron fueron en las áreas de necesidades humanas y químicas (secciones A y C). Los principales depositantes se distribuyeron entre institutos de investigación y empresas. La mayoría de las patentes no especificaban familias de peces para la aplicación de la tecnología las que sí lo hacían eran principalmente para Chichilidae y Bagridae. Se protegieron 10 técnicas para monosexo, y más de la mitad de las patentes contenían, en alguna etapa del proceso, el uso de manipuladores endocrinos para obtener el resultado deseado. Este trabajo también permitió comprobar que China se mantiene como el mayor productor de patentes en piscicultura, de acuerdo con su gran potencial en acuicultura. Podemos concluir que el estudio de prospección tecnológica demostró ser efectivo para comprender la trayectoria que sigue el estado del arte de la piscicultura en lo que se refiere a la obtención de monosexo. Se percibió que, a pesar de que Brasil es un país relevante en psicocultura, la protección de este tipo de tecnología todavía es deficiente en el país, y es necesario crear medidas de mitigación para sortear este problema.
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Animais , Distribuição por Sexo , Procedimentos de Readequação Sexual/métodos , Peixes/anatomia & histologia , Patentes como Assunto , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanism of action of the antineoplastic activity of an oxazolidine derivative, LPSF/NB-3 (5-(4-cloro-benzilideno)-3-etil-2-tioxo-oxazolidin-4-ona). Cytotoxicity assays were performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and resistant acute leukemia cell line (HL-60/MX1) by the MTT method. LPSF/NB-3 exhibited cytotoxicity in HL-60/MX1, but it was not toxic to healthy cells in the highest dose tested (100 µM). The protein extract of HL-60/MX1 cells treated with LPSF/NB-3 was subjected to proteomic analysis using two-dimensional chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We could identify a total of 2652 proteins, in which 633 were statistically modulated. Within the group of protein considered for the quantitative analysis with the established criteria, 262 were differentially expressed, 146 with increased expression and 116 with decreased expression in the sample treated with LPSF/NB-3 compared to the control. The following differentially expressed pathways were found: involving regulation of the cytoskeleton, DNA damage, and transduce cellular signals. Networks that were highlighted are related to the immune system. The ELISA technique was used to assess the immunomodulatory potential of LPSF/NB-3 in PBMCs. We observed significant decrease of IFNγ (p < 0.01) and dose-response pattern of the cytokines IL-6, IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-10. Therefore, results suggest that LPSF/NB-3 appears to modulate important pathways, including cell cycle and immune system regulatory pathways.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Oxazóis/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/patologia , Oxazóis/administração & dosagem , Oxazóis/química , Proteômica/métodos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is consumed by old-world populations in its natural form and is used to produce wine or juice. Currently, China is the largest grape producer in the world. The red grapes stand out because of their phytochemical composition, more specifically their high resveratrol levels. Resveratrol is a compound that has a number of different beneficial effects on health and is mainly used in the food and cosmetic industries. Grape peel is a waste product and new strategies based on nanotechnology can minimize its environmental impact and add value to this residue. OBJECTIVES: The first objective of this study was to evaluate the technological potential of utilizing grape peel by researching and analyzing information extracted from patent documents filed worldwide in order to identify the main countries that hold the research technology, the main depositors and inventors, and the main areas of application. The second aim was to research and investigate grape peel products that have been created using nanotechnology. METHODS: An analysis of all patented documents related to grape peel processes, products, or different industrial applications that may use nanotechnology was carried out. This was achieved by undertaking a Derwent Innovation Index (DII) database search. RESULTS: A total of 752 patent documents were identified in the surveyed area. These were assessed for depositor country of origin, type of depositor, inventors, the evolution of deposits over time, and areas of application. Only 6% of the total represented products and processes in the nanotechnology area. There was a growth in the number of patent filings from 2015, which showed that the researched area is a current and developing technology with new application possibilities. The main depositing countries were China, the United States, and Japan, which dominate the researched technology. The identified documents discussed using the grape peel to develop new food, medical and dental products. CONCLUSION: Over the last few years, different approaches have been suggested for the production of nanoproducts based on grape peel. The results from this study showed that although incipient, nanotechnology is a promising area of research that can be explored by universities and companies because the products could have significant positive characteristics and, even though they are made out of a byproduct, have great application potential.
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BACKGROUND: Cancer is caused by mutations in oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor activity. Despite the efforts of the pharmaceutical industry to fight cancer, it is necessary to investigate new methods to enhance the action against this disease. In this scenario, liposome technology has emerged as a drug delivery system for cancer treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of liposome technology in the treatment of cancer through analysis of patent documents. METHODS: We analyzed prospective documents in the Derwent Innovation Index database. RESULTS: A total of 203 patent documents were related to the area of interest, published between 2000 and 2020, and the USA and Japan were shown as countries with the largest number of publications. Moreover, most of these publications came from companies, however, also with the representation of important universities, mainly the University of California. According to the International Patent Classification, the codes most applicable to the documents were in the areas of human necessities and chemistry. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the study and application of liposomes for the development of cancer treatment tended to grow, along with the number of related patents.
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Lipossomos , Neoplasias , Indústria Farmacêutica , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Patentes como Assunto , Estudos Prospectivos , TecnologiaRESUMO
La psicología educativa ha sido objeto de diversos cambios a lo largo del tiempo y, al llegar a la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en 1948, los rasgos teóricos y paradigmáticos locales reflejaban, en alguna medida, lo que a nivel macro estaba ocurriendo dentro de la disciplina. Este rastreo teórico acerca del proceso de tránsito, crítica y cambio de la psicología educativa da un parámetro para entender de dónde viene, dónde está y hacia dónde va a nivel nacional. Como conclusión, se evidencia un tránsito hecho por la psicología educativa colombiana hacia un desarrollo, fortalecimiento, establecimiento y posicionamiento en un contexto cada vez más cambiante y exigente a través de los diversos paradigmas, metodologías, técnicas y modelos educativos existentes y desarrollados en la historia de la educación
Educational psychology has undergone various changes over time and, upon arriving at the National University of Colombia in 1948, the local theoretical and paradigmatic features reflected, to some extent, what was happening at the macro level within the discipline. This theoretical tracking on the process of transition, criticism and change of educational psychology gives a parameter to understand where it comes from, where it is and where it is heading at national level. In conclusion, there is evidence of a transition made by Colombian educational psychology towards a development, strengthening, establishment and positioning in an increasingly changing and demanding context through the various paradigms, methodologies, techniques and educational models existing and developed in the history of education
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Humanos , Psicologia Educacional/tendências , Ensino/tendências , Educação/história , AprendizagemRESUMO
Climatic changes have influenced the temporal and spatial distribution of diseases. In livestock-grazing areas, rodents are reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens; therefore, they play an important role in the transmission of diseases affecting domestic animals and humans. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of the zoonotic agents: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia rickettsii, as well as the presence of viral RNA from the Bunyaviridae, Togaviridae and Flaviviridae families, in wild rodents from animal production units in central Mexico. The samples were obtained from wild rodents that had access and contact with animal production units. A total of 92 rodents were captured, and samples of blood, serum and organs, such as spleen, kidney, heart and liver, were obtained. The serum was used to detect antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia rickettsii by an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT); the blood was used for PCR analysis; and the organs were used to obtain RNA (cDNA) to perform RT-PCR. By IFAT, all samples were positive to A. phagocytophilum and E. canis, and negative to B. burgdorferi and R. rickettsii. The samples that were positive to IFAT were used to confirm the presence of pathogen by PCR analysis. The results from the PCR were as follows: 34 samples were positive to A. phagocytophilum, and 59 to E. canis. There was no amplification of genetic material from the Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae and Togaviridae virus families from the organs that were sampled, which suggests that the samples obtained did not contain RNA specific to these families. This is the first immuno-molecular prospecting study on vector-borne diseases in central Mexico demonstrating the presence of A. phagocytophilum and E. canis in wild rodents living in cattle grazing areas.
Assuntos
Anaplasma phagocytophilum/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Borrelia burgdorferi/imunologia , Ehrlichia canis/imunologia , Roedores/microbiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores/veterinária , Anaplasma phagocytophilum/genética , Animais , Borrelia burgdorferi/genética , Ehrlichia canis/genética , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores/microbiologia , ZoonosesRESUMO
The research carried out intended to analyze the panorama of patents related to welfare in cattle. To this end, a search was carried out on the worldwide Questel Orbit patent registration database oriented toward the existence of terms associated with welfare in cattle in the documents of patent families. The investigation corresponded to the period from the beginning of the registrations in 1967 until August 2019. In this way, an initial portfolio was created of 272 registrations. Of these, 77 documents were related to cattle, with direct or indirect interventions in the optimization of the welfare. Data analysis took place in a quantitative way and through the classification of patent families in seven categories: nutrition, health, management, genetics, infrastructure/facilities, physiological and behavioral indicators, and traceability/certification. The largest number of patent families corresponded to the areas of rural facilities, animal nutrition, health, and new physiological and behavioral indicators, totaling 73%. The temporal distribution of these records shows that the interest of researchers in promoting technological innovations focused on well-being began in 1995, with expressiveness from 2013. It should also be noted that the largest registration of patent families comes from China (51%), followed by European countries, which account for 23%, and the United States (19%), while Brazil represents only 6% of the total documents. Despite the recent patent registrations related to cattle, there has been an increase in recent years, denoting the growth of efforts for technological innovation of this productive chain regarding animal welfare.
A pesquisa realizada objetivou analisar o panorama das patentes relacionadas a bem-estar em bovinos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma busca na base mundial de registro de patentes Questel Orbit, orientada para a existência de termos associados ao bem-estar em bovinos nos documentos de famílias de patentes. A investigação correspondeu ao período compreendido desde o início dos registros em 1967 até agosto de 2019. Dessa forma, obteve-se um portfólio inicial composto por 272 registros, e destes, 77 documentos eram concernentes a bovinos, com intervenções diretas ou indiretas na otimização do bem-estar. A análise dos dados ocorreu de forma quantitativa e por meio da classificação das famílias de patentes em sete categorias: nutrição, sanidade, manejo, genética, infraestrutura/instalações, indicadores fisiológicos e comportamentais e rastreabilidade/certificação. O maior número de famílias de patentes correspondeu às áreas de instalações rurais, nutrição animal, sanidade e novos indicadores fisiológicos e comportamentais, totalizando 73%. A distribuição temporal desses registros demonstra que o interesse dos pesquisadores quanto à promoção de inovações tecnológicas voltadas ao bem-estar iniciou-se em 1995, com expressividade a partir de 2013. Salienta-se ainda que o maior registro de famílias de patentes advém da China (51%), seguido dos Países Europeus que, em sua totalidade, respondem por 23% e pelos Estados Unidos (19%), ao passo que o Brasil representa apenas 6% do total dos documentos. Apesar dos recentes registros de patentes relacionados a bovinos, observa-se uma ascensão nos últimos anos, denotando o crescimento dos esforços para inovação tecnológica dessa cadeia produtiva acerca do bem-estar animal.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Bem-Estar do Animal , Bovinos/classificação , Desenvolvimento Tecnológico , Ração AnimalRESUMO
The research carried out intended to analyze the panorama of patents related to welfare in cattle. To this end, a search was carried out on the worldwide Questel Orbit patent registration database oriented toward the existence of terms associated with welfare in cattle in the documents of patent families. The investigation corresponded to the period from the beginning of the registrations in 1967 until August 2019. In this way, an initial portfolio was created of 272 registrations. Of these, 77 documents were related to cattle, with direct or indirect interventions in the optimization of the welfare. Data analysis took place in a quantitative way and through the classification of patent families in seven categories: nutrition, health, management, genetics, infrastructure/facilities, physiological and behavioral indicators, and traceability/certification. The largest number of patent families corresponded to the areas of rural facilities, animal nutrition, health, and new physiological and behavioral indicators, totaling 73%. The temporal distribution of these records shows that the interest of researchers in promoting technological innovations focused on well-being began in 1995, with expressiveness from 2013. It should also be noted that the largest registration of patent families comes from China (51%), followed by European countries, which account for 23%, and the United States (19%), while Brazil represents only 6% of the total documents. Despite the recent patent registrations related to cattle, there has been an increase in recent years, denoting the growth of efforts for technological innovation of this productive chain regarding animal welfare.(AU)
A pesquisa realizada objetivou analisar o panorama das patentes relacionadas a bem-estar em bovinos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma busca na base mundial de registro de patentes Questel Orbit, orientada para a existência de termos associados ao bem-estar em bovinos nos documentos de famílias de patentes. A investigação correspondeu ao período compreendido desde o início dos registros em 1967 até agosto de 2019. Dessa forma, obteve-se um portfólio inicial composto por 272 registros, e destes, 77 documentos eram concernentes a bovinos, com intervenções diretas ou indiretas na otimização do bem-estar. A análise dos dados ocorreu de forma quantitativa e por meio da classificação das famílias de patentes em sete categorias: nutrição, sanidade, manejo, genética, infraestrutura/instalações, indicadores fisiológicos e comportamentais e rastreabilidade/certificação. O maior número de famílias de patentes correspondeu às áreas de instalações rurais, nutrição animal, sanidade e novos indicadores fisiológicos e comportamentais, totalizando 73%. A distribuição temporal desses registros demonstra que o interesse dos pesquisadores quanto à promoção de inovações tecnológicas voltadas ao bem-estar iniciou-se em 1995, com expressividade a partir de 2013. Salienta-se ainda que o maior registro de famílias de patentes advém da China (51%), seguido dos Países Europeus que, em sua totalidade, respondem por 23% e pelos Estados Unidos (19%), ao passo que o Brasil representa apenas 6% do total dos documentos. Apesar dos recentes registros de patentes relacionados a bovinos, observa-se uma ascensão nos últimos anos, denotando o crescimento dos esforços para inovação tecnológica dessa cadeia produtiva acerca do bem-estar animal.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Bovinos/classificação , Bem-Estar do Animal , Desenvolvimento Tecnológico , Ração AnimalRESUMO
Metacercariae of Clinostomum Leidy, 1856 are frequently encountered in freshwater fish. In 2015, a provisional species of Clinostomum in People's Republic of China (PRC) was distinguished from C. complanatum (Rudolphi, 1819) in Europe based on divergent cytochrome c oxidase I (CO1). However, in subsequent studies in East Asia, the same divergent CO1 genotype was identified as C. complanatum. These matching sequences suggest that either the provisional East Asian species was incorrectly distinguished from C. complanatum in 2015 or that C. complanatum in East Asia was misidentified in later studies. We tested these alternatives by sequencing the mitochondrial genome of C. complanatum in Italy, which was 5.7% divergent from a previously published sequence from Clinostomum in PRC, including differences in 80 of 3390 (2.4%) translated amino acids. Partial CO1 sequences of specimens from PRC and those from Italy, Romania, and Turkey also each formed reciprocally monophyletic clades. Partial CO1 from the East Asian clade varied by mean 3.6% (range 2.4-4.8%) from C. complanatum from Italy, Romania, and Turkey; mean intra-clade CO1 variation was 0.3% (range 0-1.9%). Metacercariae from Europe and East Asia display significant morphometric variation, and data from the literature suggest morphological differences in the genital complex of adults. Although sequences of nuclear rDNA did not differ between isolates from the west and East Asia, taken together, these results lead us to describe a new species of Clinostomum.
Assuntos
Filogenia , Trematódeos/classificação , Animais , Ásia , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Peixes/parasitologia , Água Doce/parasitologia , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Metacercárias/anatomia & histologia , Metacercárias/classificação , Metacercárias/genética , Especificidade da Espécie , Trematódeos/anatomia & histologia , Trematódeos/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The inflammatory process is a physiological response to a vast number of harmful stimulus that takes place in order to restore homeostasis. Many drugs used in pharmacotherapy are effective to control inflammatory responses, however, there is a range of adverse effects attributed to steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this sense, herbal medicine and derivatives have gained more attention because of their effectiveness and safety, showing the importance of medicinal plants, especially the Cannabis genus and the cannabinoid derivatives. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospection was to identify data related to patents involving Cannabis and cannabinoids for the treatment of inflammation. METHODS: To do so, a search for patents was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Cannabis and cannabinoids. Four specialized databases for patent research were consulted using the terms "cannabis", "cannabidiol", "cannabinoids" and "THC" associated with "inflammation". RESULTS: A total of 370 patents were found, of which 17 patents met the inclusion criteria. Although reports show synergistic effects of the plant components, patents involving Cannabis and cannabinoids focus on isolated substances (CBD e THC). CONCLUSION: However, patents related to Cannabis and cannabinoids are promising for future use of the plant or its derivatives on the treatment of inflammation.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Canabinoides , Cannabis , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Patentes como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Descoberta de Drogas , Medicina Herbária , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Avocado (Persea Americana, Mill.), belonging to the Lauraceae family, is considered a tropical fruit originating in Central America, with Mexico being the largest producer in the world. The fruit stands out for its economic potential and high nutritional value and its oil has good commercial value, however, its production is still incipient, being mainly used by the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Despite producing a significant amount of oil, the avocado seed is still considered a by-product of fruit processing. METHODS: Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the technological potential of the oil obtained from the avocado and avocado seed through the research and analysis of patent documents available worldwide, in order to identify the main countries that have the technology researched as well as, the main areas of application. We revised all the patents related to acquisition, application and the use of avocado oil. For this, a search was carried out for the database of the Derwent Innovation Index (DII), which compiles the collection of documents published around the world. RESULTS: A total of 144 patent documents were identified, which were evaluated for the country of origin of thepublisher, the type of thepublisher, inventors, rate of publication over time and areas of application. There has been an increase in the number of patents producded as of 2011, which proves it to be a current and interesting technology. The main countries were the United States and the European Union. CONCLUSION: The documents identified referred to different processes applied to obtain oil, as well as the application for the development of new food, cosmetic and veterinary products. In this way, although incipient, the researched technology proved to be a promising area of research to be explored by universities and companies in view of the characteristics and potential of the product.