RESUMO
The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine the effect of an original prevention program (RAPP) on the behavioral and cognitive characteristics of adolescents with high risk for substance consumption. Seventy-six Mexican adolescents 12-15 years old (38 with high risk (HR) and 38 with low risk (LR)) were selected. RAPP was applied for 3 months. Resilience, social skills, attitudes towards substance use, ability to delay a reward, and inhibitory control were assessed in these adolescents, before and after the RAPP intervention. Both groups improved their scores; however, HR achieved greater changes than LR. Findings suggest that HR have behavioral characteristics that can be considered as risk factors for substance consumption (low levels of resilience, low social skills, little family support, positive attitudes towards substance use). RAPP proved to be an effective program for preventing these risk factors for substance use in adolescents.
Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Adolescente , Terapia Comportamental , Criança , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologiaRESUMO
Abstract In early childhood education, socio-emotional learning is not always considered with appropriate planning nor based on scientific evidence. Aiming to analyze impact of an Emotional Regulation (ER) Intervention in school achievement and social skills (SS), fifty-five children from public schools were evaluated by Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM), School Achievement Test (TDE) and Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR). After nine 50-minute meetings addressing ER strategies, evaluation of SS by the teacher indicated improvement in all aspects of SS in Intervention Group (IG) and worsening of the self-control in Comparison Group (CG). Self-evaluation of SS showed that IG overcame the initial difference in assertiveness and problem avoidance. Results suggest that ER programs can bring benefits to the development of SS.
Resumo Aprendizagem socioemocional nem sempre é contemplada, com devido planejamento e embasamento científico, na educação infantil. Avaliou-se impacto de intervenção de Regulação Emocional (RE) no desempenho escolar e Habilidades Sociais (HS) de 55 crianças de escolas públicas, utilizando-se Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven (CPM), Teste de Desempenho Escolar e Sistema de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais (SSRS-BR).Após nove encontros de 50 minutos abordando estratégias de RE, avaliação de HS pelo professor indicou melhora em todos os aspectos de HS noGrupo Intervenção (GI) e piora no autocontrole no GrupoComparação (GC). Autoavaliação de HS mostrou que GI superou diferença inicial na assertividadee evitação de problemas. Os resultados sugerem que programas de RE podem trazer benefícios para o desenvolvimento das HS.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate pathways by which interventions that promote shared reading and play help prevent child behavior problems. We examined whether family processes associated with the family investment pathway (eg, parental cognitive stimulation) and the family stress pathway (eg, mothers' psychosocial functioning) mediated impacts of a pediatric-based preventive intervention on child behavior. STUDY DESIGN: The sample included 362 low-income mothers and their children who participated in a randomized controlled trial of the Video Interaction Project, a pediatrics-based preventive intervention that promotes parent-child interactions in the context of shared reading and play. Parent-child dyads were randomly assigned to group at birth. Three mediators-parental cognitive stimulation, maternal stress about the parent-child relationship, and maternal depressive symptoms-were assessed at child ages 6 and 36 months. The outcome, child externalizing behaviors, was assessed at 36 months. We used a series of path analytic models to examine how these family processes, separately or together, mediated the impacts of the Video Interaction Project on child behavioral outcomes. RESULTS: Intervention impacts on child behavior were mediated by enhancements in cognitive stimulation and by improvements in mothers' psychosocial functioning. A sequential mediation model showed that Video Interaction Project impacts on cognitive stimulation at 6 months were associated with later decreases in mothers' stress about the parent-child relationship and that this pathway mediated intervention impacts on child behavioral outcomes at 3 years of age (P = .023). CONCLUSIONS: Using an experimental design, this study identifies pathways by which parent-child interactions in shared reading and play can improve child behavioral outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00212576.
Assuntos
Comportamento Infantil , Relações Pais-Filho , Poder Familiar , Jogos e Brinquedos , Leitura , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/epidemiologia , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Cognição , Depressão Pós-Parto , Feminino , Hospitais Urbanos , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Mães , Pais/psicologia , Pobreza , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Projetos de Pesquisa , Classe Social , População Urbana , Gravação em Vídeo , WashingtonRESUMO
Se presenta la contribución del "Programa Habilidades para la Vida" a las prácticas de prevención de salud mental adolescente en escuelas de Chile. Se evalúa la intervención preventiva del programa, en particular observando si adolescentes que asistieron al taller preventivo (N = 212) muestran cambio en las variables desadaptación escolar (DE) y disfunción psicosocial (DP), según su asistencia y la de sus padres. El diseño fue expost facto, longitudinal prospectivo, con mediciones pre y post. El análisis consideró ANOVA de medidas repetidas y pruebas t para muestras relacionadas. Los resultados indican disminución en algunos factores de riesgo asociados a DE y la estabilidad de la DP de los adolescentes. Se discuten las implicancias de este estudio para la ciencia preventiva y las políticas públicas.
This paper shows the contribution of "Skills for Life Program" to prevention practices adolescent mental health in schools in Chile. Study included a sample of adolescents (N = 212) who participated in the preventive intervention of the program. The goal was to examine changes in variables of school maladjustment (SM) and psychosocial dysfunction (PD) based on their attendance and their parents to the preventive intervention. Design was ex-post-facto, longitudinal prospective, pre and post measurements. Analysis considered repeated measures ANOVA and t tests for related samples. Results indicate a decrease in risk factors associated with SM and PD stability of adolescents. Study implications will be discussed for preventive science and public policy.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Saúde Mental , ChileRESUMO
O sobrepeso constitui-se na condição intermediária entre peso adequado e obesidade, necessitando de atenção preventiva para que não se agrave em quadros clínicos mais complexos. O presente estudo investigou quatro adultos jovens da serra gaúcha a fim de explorar os aspectos psicológicos individuais e relacionais envolvidos neste contexto. Foram utilizados uma entrevista semiestruturada e um questionário sociodemográfico a fim de investigar qualitativamente: a relação entre sobrepeso e questões emocionais; as relações desempenhadas na família; o contexto familiar e resolução de conflitos; a relação entre sobrepeso e autoimagem, autoestima e autoconfiança; as implicações do sobrepeso na qualidade de vida, e os aspectos do sobrepeso nas relações sociais. Destacou-se a importância das relações e dinâmicas familiares na constituição e manutenção do fenômeno estudado.(AU)
The overweight is an intermediate condition among the appropriate weight and obesity, and need preventive care to prevent more serious and complex medical conditions. The present study investigated four young adults of the state to explore individual and relational psychological aspects involved in this context. A semi-structured interview and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to investigate qualitatively: the relationship between overweight and emotional issues; relations in the family; family background and conflict resolution; the relationship between overweight and self-image, self-esteem and self-confidence; the overweight implications for quality of life, and aspects of overweight in social relations. The highlights were the relations and family dynamics in the construction and staying of the phenomenon studied.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La depresión unipolar es una de las patologías con mayor prevalencia en las sociedades occidentales. Los factores de riesgo son múltiples y muchos de ellos prevenibles. Sin embargo, en España no se toma demasiado en serio la planificación de la prevención primaria de la depresión. Concluimos que dicha situación tiene diversas motivaciones políticas y académicas. Las dos son superables, si se toma en serio la prevención de la depresión.
Unipolar depression is one of the most common illnesses in western society. There are multiple risk factors and many of them are preventable. However, planning of primary prevention of depression is not taken very seriously in Spain. We conclude that there are various political and academic reasons for this situation. They both can be overcome if we take prevention of depression more seriously.