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Resumen Objetivos: comprender el significado que la rotación de Atención Primaria en Salud tuvo para los médicos internos en formación del último año de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia. Metodología: se realizó un estudio hermenéutico que aplicó técnicas de la teoría fundamentada. La fuente de información estuvo conformada por 100 ensayos realizados por los estudiantes tras la rotación en su internado entre 2011 y 2016. Con codificación abierta se obtuvieron 1837 códigos, los cuales se agruparon en 18 categorías descriptivas y se identificaron 158 dimensiones con sus respectivas propiedades. Posteriormente, se construyó una categoría analítica con la matriz paradigmática propia de la teoría fundamentada. Resultados: enfrentarse a la realidad del ejercicio médico en un primer nivel de atención durante la rotación de Atención Primaria en Salud, marcó un antes y un después desde lo personal y profesional en los estudiantes de Medicina de una Universidad Pública de Medellín, llevándolos a aterrizar abruptamente en el complejo contexto del país y a tomar una postura en su quehacer como médicos, ya que su formación previa fue principalmente en hospitales de alta complejidad. Conclusión: la rotación de Atención Primaria en Salud expone a los estudiantes a los problemas sociales, las necesidades de la población colombiana y la crisis del sistema de salud. Esto los obliga a reflexionar acerca de quiénes son y qué tipo de médicos quieren ser. Esta rotación se convierte, además, en una oportunidad para afianzar conocimientos, explorar sentimientos y reconocer que la medicina también debe abordar los problemas del alma.

Abstract Objective: to understand the meanings that the Primary Health Care rotation had for the interns from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Antioquia during their last year of training. Methodology: a hermeneutical study was conducted using techniques from grounded theory. Information was obtained from 100 essays written by the students after having finished their rotations during an internship period between 2011 and 2016. A total of 1837 codes resulted from the open coding process; these were grouped into 18 descriptive categories, and 158 dimensions were identified along with their respective properties. Subsequently, an analytical category was built using a paradigm matrix, which is typical of grounded theory. Results: facing the reality of the medical profession at a first-level institution during their Primary Health Care rotation was a personal and professional milestone for these students from a public university of Medellín city. Their rotations suddenly connected them with Colombia›s complex context, thus forcing them to take a stance regarding their day-to-day work. This contrasts with their previous training, which took place at high level hospitals for the most part. Conclusion: Primary Health Care rotations expose students to the social problems of the Colombian population, its needs and the crisis of the healthcare system. This in turn forces them to reflect on who they are and what kind of doctors they want to become. The rotations also provide an opportunity to strengthen their knowledge, explore their feelings and understand that medicine should also approach the issues of the soul.

Resumo Objetivo: Compreender o significado que o rodízio da Atenção Primária à Saúde representou para os médicos em formação no último ano da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Antioquia. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo hermenêutico com aplicação de técnicas da teoria fundamentada. A fonte de informação foram 100 ensaios realizados pelos estudantes após o rodízio no seu internato entre os anos 2011 e 2016. Com codificação aberta obtiveram-se 1837 códigos, que foram agrupados em 18 categorias descritivas e foram identificadas 158 dimensões com as suas respectivas propriedades. Posteriormente, foi construída uma categoria analítica com a matriz paradigmática própria da teoria fundamentada. Resultados: Encarar a realidade da prática médica em um primeiro nível de atenção durante o rodízio de Atenção Primária à Saúde, representou um antes e um depois no plano pessoal e profissional nos estudantes de Medicina de uma universidade pública de Medellín, levando-os a aterrissarem abruptamente no complexo contexto do país e a tomarem uma posição no seu ofício de médicos, pois a sua formação prévia foi principalmente em hospitais de alta complexidade. Conclusão: O rodízio de APS expõe os estudantes aos problemas sociais, às necessidades da população colombiana e à crise do sistema de saúde. Isso exige deles uma reflexão sobre quem eles são e o tipo de médicos que eles desejam ser. Este rodízio torna-se, aliás, em uma oportunidade para fortalecerem conhecimentos, explorarem sentimentos e reconhecerem que a medicina também deve abordar os problemas da alma.

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Resumen Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad de los chicles de nicotina frente al uso de cigarrillos electrónicos y mostrar si resultan más efectivos en la reducción del hábito tabáquico. Metodología: se incluyeron artículos en español, inglés y portugués disponibles en SciELO, Google Académico, EBSCO, Cochrane Library y LILACS, a través de ecuaciones construidas con MeSH y DeCS y operadores booleanos AND y OR (("Cigarrillos electrónicos" OR "e-Cigs" OR "Cigarros electrónicos") OR ("Chicle" OR "Goma de mascar de nicotina") AND ("Cesación de tabaquismo")), se clasificaron por nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación. Las consideraciones éticas se adoptaron conforme a la Resolución 8430 de 1993. Resultados: la búsqueda inicial arrojó 1.468 artículos, que se redujeron a 28 textos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se construyeron cinco temáticas en las que se incluyen comparación de métodos, formas de evaluación, rangos etarios, índices de adicción, patologías asociadas e índice de mortalidad, componentes y efectos fisiológicos del cigarrillo electrónico y convencional. Conclusiones: se evidencia que las cantidades de nicotina de los cigarrillos electrónicos producen efectos adversos irreversibles para la salud y pueden generar mayor dependencia.

Abstract Objective: Compare the effectiveness of nicotine gum versus the use of electronic cigarettes and show whether they are more effective in reducing smoking. Methodology: Articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese, available from SciELO, Google Academic, EBSCO, Cochrane Library and LILACS, were included through equations built with MeSH and DeCS and Boolean operators AND Dec's OR (("Electronic cigarettes" OR "E-Cigs" OR "Electronic Cigars") OR ("Chewing gum" OR "Nicotine chewing gum") AND ("Smoking cessation")). The articles were critically read, and classified by level of evidence and degree of recommendation. Ethical considerations were adopted in accordance with Resolution 8430 of 1993. Results: The initial search yielded 1,468 articles, which were reduced to 28 units that contributed to the stated objective. Five themes were built, which include a comparison of methods, evaluation forms, age ranges, addiction rates, associated pathologies and mortality rate, components and physiological effects of the conventional and electronic cigarette. Conclusions: It is evident that the amounts of nicotine of e-cigarettes produce irreversible adverse health effects and can lead to increased dependency.

Resumo Objetivo: Compare a eficácia da goma de mascar de nicotina versus o uso de cigarros eletrônicos e mostre se eles são mais eficazes na redução do tabagismo. Metodologia: Os artigos em espanhol, inglês e português, disponíveis na SciELO, no Google Acadêmico, na EBSCO, na Cochrane Library e na LILACS, foram incluídos por meio de equações construídas com os operadores MeSH e DeCS e booleanos AND e OR (("cigarros eletrônicos" OU "E-Cigs" ou "charutos eletrônicos") OR ("goma de mascar" ou "goma de mascar de nicotina") AND ("cessação do tabagism")). Os artigos foram lidos criticamente e classificados por nível de evidência e grau de recomendação. Considerações éticas foram adotadas de acordo com a Resolução 8430 de 1993. Resultados: A pesquisa inicial produziu 1.468 artigos, reduzidos a 28 unidades que contribuíram para o objetivo declarado. Foram construídos cinco temas que incluem a comparação de métodos, formas de avaliação, faixas etárias, taxas de dependência, patologias e taxa de mortalidade associadas, componentes e efeitos fisiológicos dos cigarros convencionais e eletrônicos. Conclusões: É evidente que as quantidades de nicotina dos Os cigarros eletrônicos produzem efeitos adversos irreversíveis à saúde e podem levar ao aumento da dependência.

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INTRODUCTION: Our goal was to better understand the health care utilization of patients with spina bifida (SB) by evaluating length of hospital stay (LOS) as well as identifying what characteristics within the SB population are contributing to shorter or longer LOS. METHODS: By querying the Department of Health Care Access and Information database of all encounters at California-licensed hospitals from January 1995 through December 2017, this study analyzed LOS as a measure of health care utilization. Patients with SB were identified using the International Classification of Diseases-9 and -10 coding system, and the data collected for both SB and control cohorts were compared using linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS: Patients with SB spent a mean LOS of 7.3 days compared to 4.7 days among the control cohort (P < .001). In multivariable analysis, SB was found to be an independent predictor of longer LOS. Within the SB encounters, increasing comorbidities and nonprivate insurance were associated with longer LOS, while being female and Hispanic were associated with a shorter LOS. CONCLUSIONS: SB is an independent predictor of longer LOS when compared to the control cohort. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the preventive health care access and needs of the vulnerable SB population to decrease hospital utilization rates.

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Fundamento el aumento de la incidencia del cáncer bucal constituye un problema de salud mundial, por ello surge la necesidad de realizar acciones educativas que tributen a la prevención de la enfermedad desde edades tempranas. Objetivo evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa sobre cáncer bucal y su prevención en estudiantes de un centro preuniversitario. Métodos se realizó un estudio preexperimental, de intervención educativa, con diseño preprueba/posprueba, en el periodo comprendido entre noviembre de 2021 a mayo de 2022. Se trabajó con la totalidad del universo, el cual estuvo constituido por 125 estudiantes de la escuela Roberto Rodríguez, del municipio Morón, Ciego de Ávila. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados el 52,0 % de los participantes perteneció al sexo femenino. La media de edad para ambos sexos fue de 15,86 ± 1,053 años. El 36,8 % cursaba el onceno grado. Se determinaron inadecuados niveles de información en la etapa diagnóstica en cuanto a: generalidades (96,0 %), factores de riesgo (91,2 %), autoexamen bucal (96,0 %) y medidas de promoción y prevención (95,2 %). Después de aplicada la intervención se logró elevar el nivel cognoscitivo hasta un 97,6 %, 99,2 %, 96,8 % y 99,2 % respectivamente. El test de McNemar arrojó resultados significativos (p = 0,000; p < 0,05). Conclusiones se logró una modificación estadísticamente significativa de la información en cada uno de los encuestados, por lo que se pudo inferir que la intervención educativa resultó efectiva.

Foundation the increase in the incidence of oral cancer constitutes a global health problem, there is a need to carry out educational actions that contribute to the prevention of the disease from an early age. Objective to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on oral cancer and its prevention in students from a pre-university center. Methods a pre-experimental educational intervention study was carried out, with a pre-test/post-test design, from November 2021 to May 2022. The entire universe was studied, 125 students from the Roberto Rodríguez School in Morón municipality, Ciego de Ávila. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results 52.0% of the participants were female. The mean age for both sexes was 15.86 ± 1.053 years. 36.8% were in eleventh grade. Inadequate levels of information were determined in the diagnostic stage in terms of: generalities (96.0%), risk factors (91.2%), oral self-examination (96.0%) and promotion and prevention measures (95.2%). %). After applying the intervention, the cognitive level was raised to 97.6%, 99.2%, 96.8% and 99.2% respectively. The McNemar test showed significant results (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Conclusions a statistically significant modification of the information was achieved in each of the respondents, so it could be inferred that the educational intervention was effective.

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PURPOSE: Fracture Liaison Services programs reduce mortality and the risk of refracture and increase treatment and adherence rates. Greater coverage is an important priority for the future. The aim was to determine the characteristics of patients over 50 years old who suffered fractures and the effectiveness of a Fracture Liaison Services program in a health care institution in Colombia. METHODS: This was a retrospective follow-up study of a cohort of patients with vertebral and nonvertebral fractures managed in a Fracture Liaison Services program. Sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological variables were identified. Key performance indicators were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 438 patients were analyzed. The average age was 77.5 years, and 78.5% were women. Hip and vertebral fractures were the most common (25.3% and 24.9%, respectively). Vertebral fractures prevailed in men (33.0% vs 22.7%; p = 0.041) and those of the radius/ulna in women (20.3% vs 10.6%; p = 0.031). A total of 29.7% had experienced a previous fracture, and 16.7% had received antiosteoporosis drugs. A total of 63.5% of the cases were managed surgically. At discharge, 58.8% received prescriptions for calcium/vitamin D, and 50.7% with prescriptions of antiosteoporotic therapy, especially teriparatide (21.2%) and denosumab (16.4%), without significant differences by sex. However, in women with hip fractures, anti-osteoporotic management prevailed (83.7% vs 64.0; p = 0.032). The effectiveness of the overall program per year was 74.6%. On follow-up, only 9.1% of patients had experienced a new fall, and of those 3.7% presented a new fracture. A total of 4.3% died during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Good adherence to the recommendations of the country's clinical practice guidelines was found, and overall, the effectiveness of the program was very satisfactory, with a low incidence of new fractures during follow-up. Fracture Liaison Services programs reduce mortality and the risk of refracture. A retrospective follow-up study of a cohort of patients with vertebral and nonvertebral fractures managed in a Fracture Liaison Services, showed that the effectiveness was 73.6%. On follow-up, 9.1% of patients had experienced a new fall, and of those 3.7% presented a new fracture.

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BACKGROUND: Cancer prevention is the most efficient and cost-effective strategy in cancer control. One prevention strategy is giving credible, clear, and evidence-based recommendations to the individual; however, it is key that these messages are accepted and understood properly by the public. This study aimed to pilot the draft recommendations developed as part of the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) Code Against Cancer 1st edition, in terms of comprehension and persuasion of each message. METHODS: A mixed method two-wave study, in which two versions of the messages were presented to the general population in five LAC countries. We used an ad-hoc questionnaire and interviews that followed the cognitive-pretesting methodology. RESULTS: Findings suggest that the messages were generally well understood, especially in Spanish speaking countries, and that the messages were generally more understandable than persuasive. We adapted and revised the recommendations based on the findings of the first Wave and held a second iteration in the Spanish speaking countries. We observed a better understanding of most messages in Wave 2. CONCLUSION: The LAC Code Against Cancer is a valuable tool of well understood messages for the public, with concrete actions everyone can take to prevent cancer. Further research should assess particularities of the region for further efficient dissemination of these important health messages, identify key messages for certain population groups and future interventions that strengthen health literacy in rural and less educated populations to increase behavior change.

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ABSTRACT Objective Women who are Human Papillomavirus (HPV) positive with a normal Pap smear (HPV+/normal Pap) present a high risk of developing high-grade lesions but they exhibit very low levels of adherence in Argentina. This study was aimed to identify the information needs, sources of information, and barriers to accessing information among HPV-positive women with normal Pap after receiving their screening results. Methods We conducted 22 semi-structured virtual interviews with HPV-positive women with normal Pap (HPV+/normal Pap) women using a qualitative research strategy. Eligible women were between 30 and 64 years old and resided in a suburban Buenos Aires area. The interview data was thematically analyzed using the modules of the interview guide. Emergent categories were coded as subthemes, enabling a thematic analysis. Results Perceived information needs among HPV-positive women with normal Pap smears include understanding: the sexual transmission of the virus (including dismantling the association with infidelity and considering non-sexual transmission possibilities), the meaning of the diagnosis in relation to cancer, and the follow-up procedures despite the absence of treatment. On the other hand, unperceived information needs encompass recognizing the association between an HPV+ result and other gynecological health problems, as well as dispelling socio-cultural misconceptions about HPV (e.g., the misconception that high-risk HPV only affects young women with multiple sexual partners). Common sources of information for these women include medical visits, internet resources, and advice from close relatives. However, barriers to accessing information include encountering inaccurate online information, receiving insufficient information from healthcare professionals, and facing difficulties in raising questions and concerns during medical consultations. Conclusions It is crucial to strengthen the processes for delivering results during the medical consultation. New formats to provide information to HPV-positive women, both with normal and abnormal Pap smear, should also be considered.

RESUMEN Objetivos Las mujeres con resultado positivo de test de Virus de Papiloma Humano (VPH) y resultados negativo o normal de Papanicolau (VPH+/Pap-) presentan un riesgo alto de desarrollar lesiones en el cuello del útero, pero tienen muy bajos niveles de adherencia al seguimiento en Argentina. Este estudio se propuso identificar las necesidades de información, las fuentes de información y las barreras de acceso a la información de mujeres con VPH positivo y Pap normal o negativo luego de haber recibido los resultados del tamizaje. Métodos Con una estrategia de investigación cualitativa, se realizaron 22 entrevistas virtuales semiestructuradas a mujeres con VPH positivo y Papanicolaou normal o negativo (VPH+/Pap-). Las mujeres elegibles tenían entre 30 y 64 años y residían en un área suburbana de Buenos Aires. Los datos de las entrevistas fueron analizados temáticamente utilizando los módulos de la guía de entrevistas. Se codificaron las categorías emergentes como subtemas, lo cual posibilitó un análisis temático. Resultados Existen necesidades de información percibidas entre las mujeres con VPH positivo y Papanicolaou normal o negativo. Estas necesidades incluyen información sobre: la transmisión sexual del virus (desmontando la asociación con la infidelidad y considerando la posibilidad de transmisión no sexual), el significado del diagnóstico y su relación con el cáncer, así como el seguimiento y la ausencia de tratamiento. Por otro lado, existen necesidades de información no percibidas, como la asociación entre el resultado y otros problemas de salud ginecológicos, y las ideas erróneas socioculturales sobre el VPH. Las fuentes de información comunes para estas mujeres son la visita médica, la consulta en internet y el diálogo con los familiares. Sin embargo, existen barreras que dificultan el acceso a la información, como la información inexacta en internet, la falta de información proporcionada por los profesionales y las dificultades para hacer preguntas durante la consulta médica. Conclusiones Es fundamental reforzar los procesos de entrega de resultados y considerar nuevos formatos para proporcionar información a las mujeres VPH+, tanto con Pap normal como anormal.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Table tennis requires rapid mobility and a complex set of movement structures, often resulting in sports injuries in its players during training. These unforeseen events can negatively affect sports instruction and training. Objective: Analyze the common sports injuries of Chinese male table tennis players and present corresponding preventive measures. Methods: 50 Chinese male table tennis players had their injury causes explored. The causes of these injuries and prevention methods were investigated using up-to-date scientific literature, questionnaires, interviews, and statistics. Results: The main regions were the shoulder joint, wrist joint, knee joint, ankle joint, and wrist joint. Exercise fatigue and lack of muscle strength are important factors leading to injuries in table tennis. Conclusion: Table tennis players should properly organize body movements to improve preparation and finishing work before training. The coach should formulate different physical training plans according to the different technical playing styles of the athletes involved. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O tênis de mesa exige rápida mobilidade, e um conjunto complexo de estruturas de movimento resultando frequentemente em lesões esportivas nos seus jogadores durante o treinamento. Esses imprevistos podem afetar negativamente o ensino e o treinamento esportivo. Objetivo: Analisar as lesões esportivas comuns aos jogadores de tênis de mesa chineses do sexo masculino e apresentar as medidas preventivas correspondentes. Métodos: 50 jogadores de tênis de mesa chineses do sexo masculino tiveram suas causas lesionais exploradas. As causas dessas lesões e métodos de prevenção foram investigados utilizando a literatura científica atualizada, questionários, entrevistas e estatísticas. Resultados: As principais regiões foram a articulação do ombro, articulação do pulso, articulação do joelho, articulação do tornozelo e articulação do pulso. A fadiga no exercício e a falta de força muscular são fatores importantes que levam a lesões no tênis de mesa. Conclusão: Os jogadores de tênis de mesa devem organizar adequadamente o movimento corporal para melhorar o trabalho de preparação e finalização antes do treinamento. O treinador deve formular diferentes planos de treinamento físico de acordo com os diferentes estilos técnicos de jogo dos atletas envolvidos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El tenis de mesa requiere una rápida movilidad, y un complejo conjunto de estructuras de movimiento que a menudo dan lugar a lesiones deportivas en sus jugadores durante el entrenamiento. Estos imprevistos pueden afectar negativamente a la enseñanza y al entrenamiento deportivo. Objetivo: Analizar las lesiones deportivas comunes de los jugadores de tenis de mesa chinos y presentar las medidas preventivas correspondientes. Métodos: Se estudiaron las causas de las lesiones de 50 jugadores de tenis de mesa chinos. Las causas de estas lesiones y los métodos de prevención se investigaron utilizando literatura científica actualizada, cuestionarios, entrevistas y estadísticas. Resultados: Las principales regiones fueron la articulación del hombro, la articulación de la muñeca, la articulación de la rodilla, la articulación del tobillo y la articulación de la muñeca. La fatiga del ejercicio y la falta de fuerza muscular son factores importantes que conducen a las lesiones en el tenis de mesa. Conclusión: Los jugadores de tenis de mesa deben organizar adecuadamente el movimiento del cuerpo para mejorar la preparación y el trabajo de acabado antes del entrenamiento. El entrenador debe formular diferentes planes de entrenamiento físico en función de los diferentes estilos técnicos de juego de los deportistas implicados. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the oral health of adolescents who participated in an oral health preventive program during the first decade of life. Material and Methods: For the evaluation of dental caries and gingival condition, DMFT and Community Periodontal Index were used, both recommended by the World Health Organization. To verify the occurrence of dental fluorosis, the Dean index was used. Results: Data collection was obtained from 252 patients aged 12 to 16 years. The average DMFT index was 1.14; in relation to the gingival condition, the index of healthy gingival tissue prevailed and the average of this value was 84%, with code 0 being more registered in tooth 11, code 1, more frequently in teeth 16/17 and 36/37 and for last, code 2, in tooth 31 most frequently. Dean's index showed a percentage of 89% of patients without clinical signs of dental fluorosis. Conclusion: Adolescents participating in an oral health preventive program in the first decade of life exhibited very satisfactory results regarding the prevention of caries disease, healthy periodontal condition and reduced prevalence of dental fluorosis.

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Objetivo: Analisar a percepção e a experiência de profissionais da saúde sobre prevenção da Infecção Latente por Tuberculose (ILTB) no contexto da Atenção Primária. Material e Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com oito profissionais de saúde da atenção primária, de três regiões do Brasil (Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Sul) e do Distrito Federal. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista coletiva semiestruturada com a questão norteadora: Quais é a percepção e a experiência dos profissionais da atenção primária à saúde na prevenção da Infecção Latente por Tuberculose? Realizou-se análise de conteúdo pela técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: Agrupamento dos discursos coletivos: 1) experiência e supervisão de tratamento da ILTB para pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade; 2) cuidados familiares e a importância da Estratégia Saúde da Família no tratamento da ILTB; 3) campanhas de prevenção da ILTB; e 4) fragilidade na integração com serviços especializados e ausência de fluxos assistenciais/linha de cuidado. Conclusão: As ideias do discurso coletivo expressam a necessidade de mudanças na gestão do trabalho em saúde no nível de atenção primária, a fim de potencializar as ações de prevenção e tratamento existentes, considerando a educação permanente, a definição de fluxos assistenciais e de linhas de cuidado, com destaque para a população em situação de vulnerabilidade.

Objective: To analyze the perception and experiences of Primary Health Care professionals regarding the prevention of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI). Material and Method: Exploratory, descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, carried out with eight primary care health professionals, from three states of Brazil (midwest, southeast and south) and the Federal District. Data were collected through a semi-structured collective interview with the guiding question: What is the perception and experience of primary health care professionals in preventing Latent Tuberculosis Infection? Content analysis was performed using the Collective Subject Discourse technique. Results: Grouping of collective discourses: 1) experience and supervision of LTBI treatment for vulnerable people; 2) Family care and the importance of the Family Health Strategy in the treatment of LTBI; 3) LTBI prevention campaigns and 4) fragility in integration with specialized services and absence of care flows/line of care. Conclusion: The ideas of the collective discourse express the need for changes in the management of health work at the primary care level, in order to enhance existing prevention and treatment actions, considering permanent education, the definition of assistance flows and lines of care, with emphasis on the vulnerable population.

Objetivo: Analizar la percepción y experiencia de los profesionales de la Atención Primaria en Salud sobre la prevención de la Infección de Tuberculosis Latente. Material y Método: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, de abordaje cualitativo, realizado con ocho profesionales de salud de la atención primaria, de tres estados de Brasil (centro-oeste, sureste y sur) y del Distrito Federal. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de una entrevista colectiva semiestructurada con la pregunta orientadora: ¿Cuál es la percepción y experiencia de los profesionales de salud de la atención primaria para la prevención de la Infección de Tuberculosis Latente? Se realizó el análisis de contenido mediante la técnica del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: Agrupación de los discursos colectivos: 1) experiencia y supervisión del tratamiento de la tuberculosis latente para personas vulnerables; 2) Cuidados de la familia y la importancia de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis latente; 3) campañas de prevención de infección de tuberculosis latente y 4) fragilidad para la integración con los servicios especializados y ausencia de líneas de cuidado. Conclusión: El discurso colectivo expresa la necesidad de cambios en la gestión del trabajo en salud en la atención primaria para potenciar acciones de prevención y tratamiento existentes, teniendo en consideración la educación permanente, la definición de líneas asistenciales y de cuidados, con énfasis en la población vulnerable.

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Introducción: Las pandemias y epidemias son acontecimientos mundiales de la sociedad humana, que expresan gran catástrofe y desolación, acompañadas de elevada letalidad y repercusión marcada en los servicios de salud. Han diezmado sociedades, de forma similar a las guerras, pero contribuyen al surgimiento de avances en las ciencias. Objetivo: Describir las características y peculiaridades de las pandemias y epidemias ocurridas en diferentes épocas de la historia, en el contexto de la salud pública y su gran repercusión social. Métodos: Se utilizaron las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar, sitios web de la OMS y la OPS, además de otras fuentes y recursos de información disponibles en Internet a las cuales se accedieron por medio del buscador web de Google. En la elaboración de la estrategia de búsqueda se utilizó el vocabulario controlado de los Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud. Los términos utilizados fueron: pandemia, epidemia, plaga, peste, vacuna. Se recuperaron 40 artículos y documentos científicos que se seleccionaron dada su pertinencia para la investigación. Conclusiones: Las pandemias y epidemias requieren medidas de promoción de salud que estimulen un adecuado saneamiento ambiental, la disponibilidad del agua potable, correcto lavado de las manos, así como prevenir la expansión del contagio y la disminución de los riesgos que implican el cambio climático, la falta de control de los vectores y la pobreza entre otras, para contribuir a disminuir la morbi-mortalidad. La carencia de estrategias preventivas, obliga a desarrollar centros especializados para producir vacunas, que garanticen la protección específica de poblaciones susceptibles.

Introduction: Pandemics and epidemics are global events in human society, which express great catastrophe and desolation, accompanied by high lethality and marked repercussions on health services. They have decimated societies, similar to wars, but they contribute to the emergence of advances in the sciences. Objective: To describe the characteristics and peculiarities of pandemics and epidemics that occurred at different times in history, in the context of public health and its great social impact. Methods: The SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar databases, WHO and PAHO websites and other sources and information resources available on the Internet were used, which were accessed through the Google web browser. In the elaboration of the search strategy, the controlled vocabulary of the Descriptors in Health Sciences was used. The terms used were: pandemic, epidemic, rinderpest, plague, vaccine. 40 scientific articles and documents were retrieved and selected given their relevance for the investigation. Conclusions: Pandemics and epidemics require health promotion measures that stimulate adequate environmental sanitation, the availability of drinking water, correct hand washing, as well as preventing the spread of contagion and reducing the risks implied by climate change, lack of vector control and poverty among others, to contribute to reducing morbidity and mortality. The lack of preventive strategies forces the development of specialized centers to produce vaccines that guarantee the specific protection of susceptible populations.

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Objective: This study evaluated Proanthocyanidin protective effect on dentin subjected to erosion and its inhibition on degradation of the demineralized organic matrix (DOM). Material and Methods: The tested groups were: G1 - 10% Proanthocyanidin gel (test group), G2 - 1.23% NaF (positive control 1), G3 - 0.012% Chlorhexidine (positive control 2) and G4 ­ Placebo (negative control with no active compound) and two methodologies were performed: contact profilometry and ICTP ELISA method. To quantify dentin wear, profilometry was performed. Data were submitted to Analysis of Variance followed by Fisher's LSD Test. To assess the collagen degradation, ICTP ELISA method was performed. Data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn ́s test. Simple linear regression and Pearson Correlation test were also performed (p<0.05). Results: The profilometry showed significantly lower wear of G1 when compared to other groups and G2, G3 and G4, which did not present significant difference among them. In the ICTP ELISA analysis, G1 and G4 did not show significant differences and the same happened between G2 and G3. However, G1 and G4 had lower values of collagen degradation compared to groups G2 and G3. Data showed that degraded DOM is a significant predictor to explain the values obtained through the ICTP ELISA. Conclusions: The results allow to verify that 10% proanthocyanidin provided less tooth wear and decreased degradation of the DOM, suggesting a good ability to prevent dentin erosion. The regression analysis also suggests that contact profilometry is a good strategy to quantify dentin wear (AU)

Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito protetor da proantocianidina na dentina submetida à erosão e sua inibição na degradação da matriz orgânica desmineralizada (MOD). Material e Métodos: Os grupos testados foram: G1 - gel de Proantocianidina 10% (grupo teste), G2 - NaF 1,23% (controle positivo 1), G3 - Clorexidina 0,012% (controle positivo 2) e G4 - Placebo (controle negativo sem princípio ativo) e duas metodologias foram realizadas: perfilometria de contato e método ICTP ELISA. Para quantificar o desgaste da dentina, a perfilometria foi realizada. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância seguida do Teste LSD de Fisher. Para avaliar a degradação do colágeno, foi realizado o método ICTP ELISA. Resultados: Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis seguido do teste de Dunn. Regressão linear simples e teste de correlação de Pearson também foram realizados (p<0,05). A perfilometria mostrou desgaste significativamente menor do G1 quando comparado aos outros grupos e G2, G3 e G4, que não apresentaram diferença significativa entre si. Na análise ICTP ELISA, G1 e G4 não apresentaram diferenças significativas e o mesmo ocorreu entre G2 e G3. No entanto, G1 e G4 apresentaram valores menores de degradação do colágeno em relação aos grupos G2 e G3. Os dados mostraram que a MOD degradada é um preditor significativo para explicar os valores obtidos pelo ICTP ELISA. Conclusão: Os resultados permitem verificar que a proantocianidina a 10% proporcionou menor desgaste dentário e diminuição da degradação da MOD, sugerindo uma boa capacidade de prevenir a erosão dentinária. Também sugere que a perfilometria de contato é uma boa estratégia para quantificar o desgaste da dentina (AU)

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Introducción : El primer trimestre de 2020 se ha visto influenciado por la propagación de una pandemia ocasionada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, el cual origina una afección (COVID-19), la diabetes mellitus es una de las enfermedades que cuando este se padece causa complicaciones y mortalidad. Objetivo : Identificar la relación existente entre la importancia de la educación para la diabetes mellitus y la COVID-19. Métodos : Se realizó una revisión con el método de análisis bibliográfico a través de una búsqueda realizada entre los años 2006 al 2021, donde se consultaron bases de datos especializadas y se seleccionaron 27 publicaciones científicas sobre el tema. Resultados : La educación, el autocuidado y los modelos educativos son importantes. En la diabetes, los cambios en los estilos de vida son esenciales: realizar actividad física, buenos hábitos alimentarios y evitar comportamientos poco saludables, pues son algunos de los factores que propician la enfermedad. Las recomendaciones estándar dictadas por la OMS para prevenir la propagación de la infección COVID-19 incluyen: lavarse las manos de manera regular, especialmente después del contacto con personas enfermas o su entorno, cubrirse la boca y la nariz al toser y estornudar, cocinar bien la carne y los huevos, evitar el contacto cercano con cualquier persona que presente síntomas de enfermedades respiratorias, evitar viajar a las ciudades y áreas afectadas. En el caso de los viajeros con síntomas de infección respiratoria aguda, deben practicar la etiqueta de la tos, ambas enfermedades se pueden prevenir. Conclusiones : Tanto en la diabetes como en la COVID-19 la educación es esencial para prevenirla, de ahí la importancia de velar por la salud y fomentar una cultura educativa basada en el autocuidado.

Introduction: The first quarter of 2020 has been influenced by the spread of a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes a condition (COVID-19), diabetes mellitus is one of the diseases that causes complications and mortality when a patient suffers COVID-19. Objective: To identify the relationship between the importance of education for diabetes mellitus and COVID-19. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out with the bibliographic analysis method through a search carried out between the years 2006 and 2021, where specialized databases were consulted and 27 scientific publications on the subject were selected. Results: Education, self-care and educational models are important. In diabetes, changes in lifestyles are essential: physical activity, good eating habits and avoiding unhealthy behaviors, as they are some of the factors that promote diabetes. The standard recommendations issued by the WHO to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 infection include: regular hand washing, especially after contact with sick people or their surroundings, covering the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, cooking well meat and eggs, avoid close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory illness, avoid traveling to affected cities and areas. In the case of travelers with symptoms of acute respiratory infection, they should practice cough etiquette, both diseases can be prevented. Conclusions: In both diabetes and COVID-19, education is essential to prevent it, hence the importance of ensuring health and promoting an educational culture based on self-care.

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Introducción: En un estudio exploratorio previo se constataron insuficientes conocimientos sobre promoción de salud en brigadistas sanitarias de la Federación de Mujeres Cubanas y se detectaron regularidades en la preparación de técnicas participativas. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la intervención de Enfermería sobre promoción de salud en brigadistas sanitarias. Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa cuasi-experimental sin grupo control en brigadistas sanitarias del municipio San José de las Lajas, provincia Mayabeque, Cuba, en el período septiembre-diciembre de 2021. En un universo de 469 participantes, se aplicó una encuesta descriptiva y se calculó el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach para medir su confiabilidad. Se utilizaron distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes y la asociación entre variables se obtuvo con la prueba no paramétrica de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Según el modelo de Nola J. Pender, después de la intervención, se elevaron los beneficios percibidos de la acción (85,71 por ciento), las barreras percibidas a la acción (87,84 por ciento), la autoeficacia percibida (95,94 por ciento), el afecto relacionado con la actividad (90,40 por ciento) y las influencias interpersonales y situacionales (98,93 por ciento) en las brigadistas sanitarias. Conclusiones: La intervención de Enfermería sobre promoción de salud en brigadistas sanitarias fue efectiva, con significación estadística en los aspectos evaluados(AU)

Introduction: A previous exploratory study found insufficient knowledge on health promotion among health brigade members from the Cuban Women Federation and permitted to identify regularities in the preparation of participatory techniques. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing intervention on health promotion among health brigade members. Methods: A quantitative quasiexperimental research without a control group was carried out with health brigade members from San José de las Lajas Municipality, Mayabeque Province, Cuba, in the period September-December 2021. A study universe of 469 was applied a descriptive survey and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to measure its reliability. Absolute frequency distributions and percentages were used, and the association between variables was obtained with the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: According to Nola J. Pender's model, the intervention permitted to evaluate the perceived benefits of action (85.71 percent), the perceived barriers to action (87.84 percent), the perceived self-efficacy (95.94 percent), the activity-related affect (90.40 percent), as well as the interpersonal and situational influences (98.93 percent), among the health brigade members. Conclusions: The nursing intervention on health promotion among health brigade members was effective, with statistical significance in the evaluated aspects(AU)

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Introducción: El empoderamiento es la clave para el desarrollo personal para incrementar la capacidad de autocuidado. Sin embargo, los profesionales de enfermería no lo aplican como herramienta en la construcción permanente de conocimientos a través de la cual fortalecen el desempeño y capacidad profesional. Objetivo: Sistematizar las evidencias disponibles sobre el empoderamiento desde el contexto en que se desempeñan los profesionales de enfermería. Métodos: Revisión integrativa realizada entre los años 2020 y 2021, de artículos publicados en revistas nacionales e internacionales, indexadas en las bases de datos Google Académico, Handle, Scopus, Researchgate, Redalcy y Dialnet, en español e inglés, entre 2012 y 2021. La pregunta guía se elaboró con el acrónimo PICO. La estrategia de búsqueda se realizó mediante los descriptores en ciencias de la salud (DeCs) e inglés en (MeSH) "Empoderamiento/Empowerment", "Enfermería en salud comunitaria/Community Health Nursing", "Cuidados/Care", "Promoción de Salud/Health Promotion", "Prevención de salud/Health Prevention", "Desempeño/Performance" y los operadores booleanos AND y OR. Se empleó el diagrama de flujo (PRISMA). De los 100 artículos identificados se seleccionaron 25. El análisis del contenido facilitó la sistematización y organización de la bibliografía, clasificados en tres dimensiones, proceso educativo, gestión y desempeño. Conclusiones: La sistematización y el análisis de las conceptualizaciones de empoderamiento mostraron diversos puntos de vista y diferentes posiciones. Se ratificó el empoderamiento como herramienta en el desempeño profesional de enfermería en la promoción y prevención de salud, lo que contribuye al fortalecimiento y enriquecimiento de las bases epistémicas de la ciencia enfermería(AU)

Introduction: Empowerment is the key to personal development, increasing the capacity for self-care. However, Nursing professionals do not apply it as a tool in the permanent construction of knowledge through which they strengthen performance and professional capacity. Objective: To systematize the available evidence on empowerment from the context in which Nursing professionals work. Methods: Integrative review carried out between 2020 and 2021, of articles published in national and international journals, indexed in the Google Scholar, Handle, Scopus, Researchgate, Redalcy and Dialnet databases, in Spanish and English, between 2012 and 2021. The guiding question was developed with the acronym PICO. The search strategy was carried out using the descriptors in health sciences (DeCs) and English in (MeSH) "Empoderamiento/Empowerment", "Enfermería en salud comunitaria/Community Health Nursing", "Cuidados/Care", "Promoción de Salud /Health Promotion", "Prevención de salud/Health Prevention", "Desempeño/Performance" and the boolean operators AND and OR. The flowchart (PRISMA) was used. 100 articles were identified, 25 were selected. The content analysis facilitated the systematization and organization of the bibliography, classified in three dimensions, educational process, management and performance. Conclusions: The systematization and analysis of the empowerment conceptualizations showed diverse points of view and different positions. Empowerment was ratified as a tool in the professional performance of Nursing in health promotion and prevention. Contributes to the strengthening and enrichment of the epistemic foundations of Nursing science(AU)

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La calidad de vida es un aspecto relevante en la vida de las personas, más aún cuando se presentan comorbilidades altas en población general, por lo que su medición de forma válida y confiable es necesaria. Objetivo: Determinar las propiedades psicométricas del Instrumento de Evaluación de Funcionalidad en el Tratamiento para Enfermedades Crónicas (FACT-GP) en población general mexicana. Método: Se empleó un diseño transversal, con un muestreo no probabilístico, por disponibilidad. Análisis estadístico: Se realizó un modelo factorial confirmatorio. Resultados: Se incluyeron 254 participantes con M = 23.5 años (21-32). Se identificaron 4 factores con 18 reactivos. La consistencia interna de la escala global fue .81, que explican el 58.93 % de la varianza. El análisis factorial confirmatorio presenta índices adecuados (CFI, RMR, RMSEA), que indican un ajuste equilibrado y parsimonioso de la estructura del modelo. Conclusión: El FACT-GP mostró una estructura similar a la versión original, con indicadores válidos y confiables para su uso en la atención clínica e investigación dirigida a población general mexicana.

A qualidade de vida é um aspecto relevante na vida das pessoas, ainda mais quando ocorrem altas comorbidades na população em geral, sendo necessária sua mensuração válida e confiável. Objetivo: Determinar as propriedades psicométricas do Instrumento de Avaliação da Funcionalidade no Tratamento para Doenças Crônicas (FACT-GP) na população mexicana em geral. Método: Utilizou-se o delineamento transversal, com amostragem não probabilística, devido à disponibilidade. Análise estatística: Foi realizado um modelo fatorial confirmatório. Resultados: Foram incluídos 254 participantes com idade M = 23,5 anos (21-32). 4 fatores foram identificados com 18 itens. A consistência interna da escala global foi de 0,81, o que explica 58,93 % da variância. A análise fatorial confirmatória apresenta índices adequados (CFI, RMR, RMSEA), que indicam um ajuste equilibrado e parcimonioso da estrutura do modelo. Conclusão: O FACT-GP apresentou estrutura semelhante à versão original com indicadores válidos e confiáveis para sua utilização na assistência clínica e em pesquisas direcionadas à população em geral.

Quality of life is a relevant aspect of people's lives, even more so when high comorbidities are present in the general population, so its valid and reliable measurement is necessary. Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of the Instrument for the Evaluation of Functionality in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases (FACT-GP) in the general Mexican population. Method: A cross-sectional design was used, with a non-probabilistic sampling, based on availability. Statistical analysis: A confirmatory factorial model was performed. Results: 254 participants with M = 23.5 years (21-32) were included. Four factors with 18 reagents were identified. The internal consistency of the global scale was 0.81, which explains 58.93 % of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis present adequate indices (CFI, RMR, RMSEA), that prove a balanced and parsimonious fit of the model structure. Conclusion: The FACT-GP showed a structure similar to the original version with valid and reliable indicators for its use in clinical care and research aimed at the general Mexican population.

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BACKGROUND: Social isolation and hand washing are effective measures to prevent COVID-19 transmission Aim: To evaluate the predictive role of risk perception and preventive efficacy perception, along with sociodemographic and health factors, for adherence to hand washing and isolation behavior of Chilean adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a Web-based cross-sectional study, 695 adults between 18 and 60 years old answered the COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale and a questionnaire on perception of preventive efficacy, preventive adherence, sociodemographic and health variables. RESULTS: Seventy seven percent of respondents adhered to hand washing and 71% to isolation behavior. The average risk perception of respondents was 67.2 ± 12.6%. Age, gender and perception of risk (considering its affective component and preventive efficacy perception), were identified in two predictive models as factors associated with compliance with hand washing. Conclusions: Preventive behaviors are associated with several psychosocial factors, allowing to distinguish groups at higher risk, which should be the focus of COVID-19 preventive interventions.

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RESUMO Os objetivos deste estudo de caráter longitudinal prospectivo foram analisar telefonemas mensais e calendários como registro da taxa de quedas de idosos da comunidade ao longo de 22 semanas e verificar os fatores relacionados à adesão ao calendário de quedas. Os participantes passaram por avaliações de anamnese, nível de atividade física, medidas neuropsicológicas e mobilidade. Receberam também um calendário de quedas que deveria ser preenchido, ao longo das 22 semanas, no(s) dia(s) em que o evento ocorresse. Ademais, os idosos foram contatados mensalmente por telefone para o questionamento da ocorrência de quedas naquele período. Para análise dos dados, foi adotado nível de significância de α=0,05, e para execução dos testes estatísticos foi utilizado o software SPSS 20.0. Os dois instrumentos foram comparados quanto à "sensibilidade" e à "especificidade". Foram incluídos 52 idosos no estudo, com média de idade de 70,5 anos. A adesão ao método do calendário foi de 63,4% em comparação à estratégia dos telefonemas. Dos nove participantes que relataram quedas pelos telefonemas, três as notificaram no calendário, resultando em uma sensibilidade de 33%. Dos 43 idosos que não relataram quedas por telefonemas, 31 entregaram o calendário sem registro, o que resultou em uma especificidade do calendário de 72%. Anos de escolaridade, pontuação no Miniexame de Estado Mental e desempenho no exame cognitivo de Addenbrooke (versão revisada) influenciaram significativamente na adesão ao calendário de quedas. Concluiu-se que houve maior notificação de quedas pelo método do telefonema mensal em comparação ao do calendário em idosos da comunidade.

RESUMEN Los objetivos de este estudio longitudinal prospectivo fueron evaluar llamadas telefónicas mensuales y calendarios como registro de la tasa de caída de ancianos en la comunidad durante 22 semanas, así como identificar los factores relacionados con la adherencia al calendario de caídas. Los participantes se sometieron a evaluaciones de anamnesis, nivel de actividad física, medidas neuropsicológicas y movilidad. También recibieron un calendario de caídas que debían llenar, durante las 22 semanas, en el/los día/s de ocurrencia del evento. Además, los ancianos recibían llamadas telefónicas mensuales para informar la ocurrencia de caídas en ese periodo. Para el análisis de datos, se adoptó un nivel de significancia de α=0,05, y se utilizó el software SPSS 20.0 para realizar las pruebas estadísticas. Los dos instrumentos se compararon con relación a la "sensibilidad" y "especificidad". Participaron 52 ancianos en el estudio, con una edad media de 70,5 años. La adherencia al método del calendario fue del 63,4% en comparación con la estrategia de llamada telefónica. De los nueve participantes que informaron por llamadas telefónicas la ocurrencia de caídas, tres las relataron en el calendario, lo que da como resultado una sensibilidad del 33%. De los 43 ancianos que no informaron caídas, 31 entregaron el calendario sin registro, lo que resultó en una especificidad de calendario del 72%. El nivel educativo, las puntuaciones del Miniexamen del Estado Mental y el desempeño en el Examen Cognitivo de Addenbrooke (versión revisada) influyeron significativamente en la adherencia al calendario de caídas. Se concluyó que hubo mayor notificación de caídas con el método de llamada telefónica mensual en comparación con el método de calendario entre los ancianos de la comunidad.

ABSTRACT This longitudinal study aimed to analyze monthly phone calls and calendars as a mean to record falls rate in community-dwelling older adults over 22 weeks, and to verify factors related to adherence to the falls calendar. Participants underwent an assessment composed by anamnesis, level of physical activity, neuropsychological measures, and mobility. They also received a schedule of falls that should be completed over 22 weeks, on the day(s) a fall occurred. Moreover, the volunteers received monthly phone calls to inquire about occurrence of falls over time. For data analysis, a α=0.05 significance level was adopted and the SPSS software (20.0) was used to perform statistical tests. The two tools were compared regarding "sensitivity" and "specificity." In total, 52 older adults composed the final sample, with a mean age of 70.5 years old. The adherence to the calendar was 63.4% compared to phone calls. Of nine participants who reported falls by phone calls, three notified them in the calendar, resulting in a 33% sensitivity. Out of the 43 people who did not report falls by phone calls, 31 delivered the calendar without registration. Thus, the specificity of the calendar was 72%. Schooling level, Mini Mental State Exam score and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (revised version) score significantly influenced adherence to the calendar. In conclusion, there was a greater registration of falls by the monthly phone call compared to the calendar tool in community-dwelling older adults.

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La osteonecrosis de los maxilares (ONM) secundaria al consumo de medicamentos antirresortivos y antiangiogénicos es una patología oral que afecta el funcionamiento del organismo de los seres humanos no sólo a nivel bucal, sino que disminuye su calidad de vida y aumenta su morbilidad. La ONM se define como la presencia de hueso necrótico expuesto que puede ser explorado mediante una fístula en el territorio maxilofacial, que se mantiene durante un periodo mínimo de ocho se- manas. Los fármacos antirresortivos y antiangiogénicos son indicados a pacientes que presentan patologías osteometabólicas, cáncer, entre otras, de ahí la importancia de mantener una estrecha relación entre médico tratante-odontólogo-paciente. El propósito de este artículo es establecer un protocolo de cuidado oral básico y definir las funciones del médico tratante, cirujano dentista y cirujano maxilofacial mediante una revisión bibliográfica con el fin de crear una propuesta preventiva para el tratamiento de estos pacientes (AU)

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), secondary to the consumption of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs is an oral pathology that affects the functioning of the human body, not only at the oral level, but also decreasing their quality of life and increasing their morbidity. MRONJ is defined as the presence of exposed necrotic bone that can be explored through a fistula in the maxillofacial territory, which is maintained for a minimum period of eight weeks. Antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs are indicated for patients with osteometabolic pathologies, cancer, among others. For the same reasons, the importance of maintaining a close relationship between the treating physician, dentist and patient. The purpose of this article is to establish a clinical guide for basic oral care and define the functions of the treating physician, dental surgeon and maxillofacial surgeon through a bibliographic review; in order to create a preventive proposal for the treatment of these patients (AU)

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Hearing loss is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and its prevalence increases with age, though in most cases, this disability is potentially preventable and treatable. Thus, its prevention, early identification, and comprehensive rehabilitation should be points of action at the local level, since hearing loss has been linked to numerous adverse health outcomes affecting the physical, mental, social, and economic conditions of older people. The objective of this article is to highlight the importance of hearing loss prevention, promote rehabilitation throughout the life course, especially in older people, and describe strategies put forth by the World Health Organization and Pan American Health Organization.

A perda auditiva representa uma das principais causas de incapacidade em todo o mundo e sua prevalência aumenta com a idade. Representa um tipo de deficiência que, na maioria dos casos, é potencialmente prevenível e tratável e, por essa razão, sua prevenção, identificação precoce e reabilitação integral devem ser alguns dos pontos de ação no âmbito local, considerando que está relacionada a inúmeros desfechos adversos de saúde, incluindo os domínios físico, mental, social e econômico das pessoas idosas. O objetivo deste artigo é ressaltar a importância da prevenção da perda auditiva e de sua reabilitação ao longo da vida, especialmente nas pessoas idosas, e descrever estratégias propostas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde.