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RESUMEN Introducción: Cada año en América Latina, más de 200,000 mujeres son diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama. Como parte del tratamiento de esta enfermedad, la cirugía es uno de los pilares fundamentales. El acto quirúrgico es una experiencia extrema para el paciente y el cirujano, necesaria en esta patología para el tratamiento completo y, como todo acto médico, no está exento de complicaciones. En Paraguay no se cuentan con estadísticas sobre la prevalencia de las complicaciones debidas a cirugías por cáncer de mama, por lo que este trabajo tiene como principal objetivo establecer dicha frecuencia en un hospital de cuarto nivel de complejidad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, de corte transversal. Muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. La selección de sujetos de estudios se realizó de la población de pacientes que fueron sometidos a cirugía por cáncer de mama, en el Hospital de Clínicas en el periodo enero de 2018 a agosto 2022, y que cumplan con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Todas las variables han sido extraídas de la ficha clínica y fueron documentadas en el formulario de registro de datos. Se esperaba una frecuencia de 42 % de complicaciones post quirúrgicas utilizando el programa estadístico EPIINFO 7 para un IC de 95% a precisión de 5%, el tamaño mínimo a incluir debía ser de 143 pacientes. Resultados: Se analizaron 203 historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama que fueron sometidas a cirugía como parte del tratamiento, correspondientes al periodo comprendido entre enero de 2018 a agosto de 2022. Cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión 201 pacientes. Se registraron un total de 92 pacientes que presentaron alguna complicación relacionada a la cirugía, que corresponden 46 % del total de pacientes en el periodo de tiempo estudiado. De las complicaciones encontradas, 40 desarrollaron seromas, representando el 43% del total de pacientes con complicaciones; 18 pacientes tuvieron infección de la herida operatoria, representando el 20%. 7 pacientes presentaron dehiscencia de la herida operatoria, siendo el 7,5% del total; y 5 desarrollaron un hematoma, siendo el 5,3%. Entre otras complicaciones encontradas, 4 pacientes presentaron linfedema (4,3%), 4 dolor crónico (4,3%), 3 extrusión de prótesis mamaria (3,2 %), 2 de celulitis del miembro superior afecto (2,1%), 2 presentaron necrosis del complejo areola-pezón (2,1%), 1 sufrimiento de piel sin necrosis, 1 sufrimiento del complejo areola-pezón sin necrosis (1% ambos), 1 presentó fistula (1%), 1 disfunción del miembro superior homolateral (1%), y una contractura capsular (1%). Discusión: Se registraron 92 pacientes con una complicación post quirúrgica luego de una cirugía por cáncer de mama; representa así el 46% del total de pacientes estudiados. Esta prevalencia se corresponde con lo publicado en la literatura. En cuanto a las complicaciones encontradas, la más frecuente en nuestra revisión fue el seroma, que se presentó en un 40% de las complicaciones. Las publicaciones describen a esta como una de las complicaciones más frecuentemente relacionadas a la cirugía mamaria, con frecuencias que varían desde 18 al 86% según diversos autores. Conclusión: De 201 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se registraron un total de 92 pacientes que presentaron alguna complicación relacionada a la cirugía, que corresponden 46 % del total de pacientes en el periodo de tiempo estudiado. La complicación más frecuente fue el seroma. Todos los hallazgos de este estudio se correlacionan con lo encontrado en la literatura.

Introduction: Every year in Latin America, more than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer. As part of the treatment of this disease, surgery is one of the fundamental pillars. The surgical act is an extreme experience for the patient and the surgeon, necessary in this pathology for complete treatment and, like any medical act, it is not exempt from complications. In Paraguay there are no statistics on the prevalence of complications due to surgeries for breast cancer, so the main objective of this work is to establish said frequency in a hospital of fourth level of complexity. Materials and methods: retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study. non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases. The selection of study subjects was made from the population of patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer, at the Hospital de Clínicas in the period January 2018 to August 2022, and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the variables have been extracted from the clinical record and were documented in the data recording form. A frequency of 42% of post-surgical complications was expected using the statistical program EPIINFO 7 for a CI of 95% with a precision of 5%, the minimum size to include had to be 143 patients. Results: 203 medical records of patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent surgery as part of the treatment, corresponding to the period from January 2018 to August 2022, were analyzed. 201 patients met the inclusion criteria. A total of 92 patients who presented some complication related to surgery were registered, corresponding to 46% of the total number of patients in the period of time studied. Of the complications found, 40 developed seromas, representing 43% of all patients with complications; 18 patients had surgical wound infection, representing 20%. 7 patients presented dehiscence of the surgical wound, being 7.5% of the total; and 5 developed a hematoma, being 5.3%. Among other complications found, 4 patients presented lymphedema (4.3%), 4 chronic pain (4.3%), 3 extrusion of breast prosthesis (3.2%), 2 cellulitis of the affected upper limb (2.1%), 2 presented necrosis of the nipple-areola complex (2.1%), 1 suffering from skin without necrosis, 1 suffering from the nipple-areola complex without necrosis (1% both), 1 presented fistula (1%), 1 homolateral upper limb dysfunction (1%), and capsular contracture (1%). Discussion: 92 patients with a post-surgical complication after surgery for breast cancer were registered; thus represents 46% of all patients studied. This prevalence corresponds to what has been published in the literature. Regarding the complications found, the most frequent in our review was seroma, which occurred in 40% of the complications. The publications describe this as one of the complications most frequently related to breast surgery, with frequencies ranging from 18 to 86% according to various authors. Conclusion: Of 201 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 92 patients who presented some complication related to surgery were registered, corresponding to 46% of the total number of patients in the period of time studied. The most frequent complication was seroma. All the findings of this study correlate with what is found in the literature.

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Eleven dogs, of both sexes, average weight of 12kg, with ages ranging from two to five years were used with the objective of evaluating two treatments of skin wounds produced after percutaneous bone transfixation of the tibia. In six animals, cotton swabs embedded in 0.2% iodine-alcohol were used to clean the areas of pin perforations. In five dogs, a 0.9% sodium chloride solution, under approximate 30 psi pulse pressure, was used. In both cases, and treatments were carried out every three to four days, during four weeks. Clinical specimens were collected under anaerobic conditions, immediately before the treatments, and on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 after surgery. Samples were cultured in specific media in order to allow isolation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and yeast. Dogs treated with sodium chloride solution showed little purulent exudation, while dogs treated with iodine-alcohol presented dry skin wounds with minimum blood-serous to serous exudation. The microbiological evaluation revealed predominance of Staphylococcus spp, but no differences were observed between the two treatments. The results allowed to conclude that both methods are efficient for post-surgical treatments of bone percutaneous transfixation in dogs.

Foram utilizados 11 cães de ambos os sexos, sem raça definida, clinicamente sadios, com média de peso de 12kg e idade entre dois e cinco anos, para avaliação de dois métodos de tratamento da ferida cutânea produzida pela transfixação óssea percutânea da tíbia íntegra. Em seis animais empregou-se haste de polipropileno com ponta de algodão embebida em álcool iodado a 0,2% para limpeza dos orifícios de penetração dos pinos. Em cinco cães usou-se soro fisiológico sob pressão pulsátil (± 30 psi). Em ambos os casos, os tratamentos eram repetidos a cada três a quatro dias, por um período de quatro semanas. Espécimes clínicos foram colhidos em anaerobiose após 3, 7, 14 e 28 dias da cirurgia, imediatamente antes dos tratamentos, semeados em meios de cultura específicos para isolamento de bactérias anaeróbias, aeróbias e leveduras. Os cães do grupo tratado com soro fisiológico apresentaram diminuta exsudação purulenta, enquanto que nos tratados com álcool iodado a ferida apresentou-se seca ou com diminuta exsudação de serosanguinolenta a serosa. A avaliação microbiológica revelou predomínio de Staphylococcus spp. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentosn quanto à avaliação microbiológica. Os resultados permitiram concluir que ambos os métodos foram eficientes no pós-operatório da transfixação percutânea.