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Beet is a nutritious and health-promoting food with important bioactive compounds in its industrial by-products. The encapsulation of antioxidants from beet by-products has been proposed for valorization. For this, an ethanol-water extract was mixed with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (used as a carrier agent) and then encapsulated. The encapsulation was performed by spray drying, where the effects of temperature (140-160 °C), extract input flow rate (10-30%), and extraction solvent (ethanol-water 50/50 v/v and ethanol) were evaluated for the total phenol content and the spray-drying yield. The yields obtained were between 60 and 89%, and total phenols were between 136 and 1026 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of encapsulated product. Both responses were affected (p < 0.05) by the extraction solvent. The optimal spray-drying conditions were determined by response surface methodology (RSM). The encapsulated product obtained at optimal conditions was characterized by infrared spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results show that the encapsulated product has a high content of total phenols and compounds such as betanin, isobetanin, and neobetanin. Considering the results of physicochemical properties and the bioactive compounds, the optimized encapsulated product could be applied in the food industry as a bioactive ingredient or natural colorant. However, the further investigation of alternative carrier agents needs to be performed to reduce caking.
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The objective of this work was to compare the dry matter intake, milk yield and quality, physiological and biochemical parameters in Holstein (n=10) and Jersey (n=10) cows under heat stress and insolation, in two treatments: CL - cooling by ventilation and sprinkling and HS - heat stress and insolation. Data were submitted to ANOVA. There was an interaction between treatment and breed and day effect for dry matter intake. For consumption in % of body weight, CL and Jersey cows consumed more. CL cows produced more milk and 3.5% fat-corrected milk. Feed efficiency was similar between treatments and breeds. Fat, lactose, total solids, and somatic cell score did not differ. The concentration of milk urea nitrogen was higher for CL cows. Milk from Holstein cows had greater stability to alcohol, and from HT cows had a greater freezing point of milk. HT cows had higher respiratory rates in the morning and surface temperatures in the afternoon. There were no differences in beta-hydroxybutyrate and glucose concentrations. Heat stress, with insulation, reduces intake, especially in Holstein cows, as well as milk production and increases the freezing point of milk, respiratory rate, and surface temperature.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o consumo de matéria seca, a produção e a qualidade do leite, os parâmetros fisiológicos e bioquímicos em vacas das raças Holandesa (n=10) e Jersey (n=10) sob estresse calórico e insolação, em dois tratamentos: CL - resfriamento por ventilação e aspersão; HS - estresse térmico e insolação. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância. Houve interação entre tratamento e raça e efeito de dia para consumo de matéria seca. Para consumo em % de peso vivo, vacas CL e Jersey consumiram mais. Vacas CL produziram mais leite e leite corrigido a 3,5% de gordura. A eficiência alimentar foi similar entre tratamentos e raças. Teores de gordura, lactose, sólidos totais e escore de células somáticas não diferiram. A concentração de nitrogênio ureico do leite foi maior para vacas CL. O leite das vacas Holandesas apresentou maior estabilidade ao álcool, e de vacas HT maior crioscopia. Vacas HT apresentaram maior frequência respiratória de manhã e temperatura superficial à tarde. Não houve diferenças para concentração de beta-hidroxibutirato e glicose. O estresse calórico, com insolação, reduz o consumo, especialmente em vacas Holandesas, bem como a produção de leite, com aumento da crioscopia, elevando a frequência respiratória e a temperatura superficial.
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Animais , Bovinos , Insolação , Radiação Solar , Leite/química , Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of different nanoparticulated zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) and conventional-ZnO ratios on the physicochemical properties of calcium aluminate cement (CAC). Materials and Methods: The conventional-ZnO and nano-ZnO were added to the cement powder in the following proportions: G1 (20% conventional-ZnO), G2 (15% conventional-ZnO + 5% nano-ZnO), G3 (12% conventional-ZnO + 3% nano-ZnO) and G4 (10% conventional-ZnO + 5% nano-ZnO). The radiopacity (Rad), setting time (Set), dimensional change (Dc), solubility (Sol), compressive strength (Cst), and pH were evaluated. The nano-ZnO and CAC containing conventional-ZnO were also assessed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Radiopacity data were analyzed by the 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni tests (p < 0.05). The data of the other properties were analyzed by the ANOVA, Tukey, and Fisher tests (p < 0.05). Results: The nano-ZnO and CAC containing conventional-ZnO powders presented particles with few impurities and nanometric and micrometric sizes, respectively. G1 had the highest Rad mean value (p < 0.05). When compared to G1, groups containing nano-ZnO had a significant reduction in the Set (p < 0.05) and lower values of Dc at 24 hours (p < 0.05). The Cst was higher for G4, with a significant difference for the other groups (p < 0.05). The Sol did not present significant differences among groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The addition of nano-ZnO to CAC improved its dimensional change, setting time, and compressive strength, which may be promising for the clinical performance of this cement.
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Introdução: A solubilidade é uma propriedade relaciona- da à dissociação dos constituintes do material, pela ação do contato com o líquido circundante. Introdução: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da hidratação durante a varredura com microtomografia (micro-TC) sobre a alteração volumétrica do MTA HP. Métodos: foram utilizados 20 dentes incisivos superiores de acrílico com cavidade retrógrada. O cimento MTA HP foi inserido na cavidade com um condensador Paiva. As amostras foram inspecionadas visualmente com uma lupa de 5x, para garantir que não permanecessem espaços vazios ou lacunas. Os espécimes foram divididos em dois grupos (n=10). Os dentes foram escaneados logo após o manuseio do MTA. Para o grupo com imersão em água, Eppendorf hidratado foi mantido com 1mL de água durante a varredura; no outro grupo, os dentes foram escaneados sem água. Nos dois grupos, os dentes foram imersos em água durante sete dias. Em seguida, os dentes foram escaneados novamente em micro-TC usando os mesmos parâmetros e condições de cada grupo. Foi realizada a reconstrução das imagens pelo software Nrecon e o volume de solubilidade, determinado pelo software CTan, analisando-se a variação volumétrica. Resultados: O grupo de corpos de prova escaneados imersos na água apresentou maior variação volumétrica, com diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação ao grupo escaneado sem imersão. O escaneamento do corpo de prova imerso em água favorece uma maior perda volumétrica do material. Conclusão: Os estudos para avaliar a variação volumétrica de cimentos de silicato de cálcio devem ser feitos com imersão em água.
Introduction: Solubility is a property related to the dissocia- tion of the constituents of the material by the action of contact with the surrounding liquid, for this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hydration during the scanning in the microtomography on the volumetric alteration of the MTA HP. Methods: Twenty acrylic teeth upper incisor with retrograde cavity were utilized. The MTA HP cement was inserted into the cavity using a Paiva condensor. The specimens were visually inspected with a 5x magnifying glass to ensure they did not remain void or gaps. The specimens were divided into 2 groups (n=10). The teeth were scanned shortly after handling the MTA. For the group with water immersion, hydrated Eppendorf was kept with 1mL the water during the scanning and the other group, the teeth were scanning without water. In the two groups the teeth were immersed into water during 7 days. Next the teeth were newly scanned in the Micro-CT using the same parameters and conditions of each group. Reconstruction of images by the Nrecon software and the solubility volume determined by the CTan, analyzing the volumetric change. Results: The group of specimens scanned immersed into the water presented higher volumetric change with statistically significant differences in relation the group scanned without immersion. The scanning of the specimen immersed in water favors the greater volumetric loss of the material. Conclusion: Studies to evaluate volumetric change of calcium silicate cements should be made immersed in wate
Assuntos
Pemetrexede , Imersão , Minerais , Solubilidade , MétodosRESUMO
Abstract This study aimed to assess the physicochemical properties of a repair material in the Brazilian market, BioMTA, in comparison to other two materials currently in use (Biodentine and MTA Angelus). The initial setting time was evaluated using Gillmore needle. The pH was measured with a pH-meter after 24 h, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. The radiopacity was determined using the equivalence in millimeters of aluminum (mm Al) from digitized occlusal radiographs. Solubility was determined after immersion in water for 7 days. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (a=0.05). The BioMTA initial setting time (5.2 min) was lower than the other materials (p<0.05). All materials showed an alkaline pH at 21 days. At 24 h, BioMTA was the most alkaline material (p<0.05); and at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days there was no difference between BioMTA and Biodentine (p>0.05), both being more alkaline than MTA Angelus (p<0.05). The radiopacity of BioMTA (4.2 mm Al) was significantly higher compared to Biodentine (p<0.05) and lower than MTA Angelus (p<0.05). The solubility of the materials was -4.2%, -1.6% and 4.1% for BioMTA, MTA Angelus and Biodentine, respectively, with a significant difference between them (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that BioMTA displayed a shorter setting time, an alkaline pH, a higher radiopacity, and a gain in mass.
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas de um material reparador disponível no mercado brasileiro, BioMTA, em comparação com outros dois materiais atualmente em uso (Biodentine e MTA Angelus). O tempo de presa inicial foi avaliado usando a agulha de Gillmore. O pH foi medido com um pH-metro após 24 h, 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias. A radiopacidade foi determinada aplicando a equivalência em milímetros de alumínio (mm Al) de radiografias oclusais digitalizadas. A solubilidade foi determinada após imersão em água por 7 dias. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes ANOVA de uma via e Tukey (a=0,05). O tempo de presa inicial do BioMTA (5,2 min) foi menor do que os outros materiais (p<0,05). Todos os materiais apresentaram pH alcalino aos 21 dias. Às 24 h, o BioMTA foi o material mais alcalino (p<0,05); e aos 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias não houve diferença entre BioMTA e Biodentine (p>0,05), sendo ambos mais alcalinos que MTA Angelus (p<0,05). A radiopacidade do BioMTA (4,2 mm Al) foi significativamente maior em comparação ao Biodentine (p<0,05) e menor que o MTA Angelus (p<0,05). A solubilidade dos materiais foi de -4,2%, -1,6% e 4,1% para BioMTA, MTA Angelus e Biodentine, respectivamente, havendo diferença significativa entre eles (p<0,05). Portanto, pode-se concluir que o BioMTA apresentou um menor tempo de presa, pH alcalino, uma alta radiopacidade e um ganho em massa.
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Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Silicatos , Óxidos , Solubilidade , Resinas Acrílicas , Teste de Materiais , Brasil , Água , Compostos de Cálcio , Compostos de Alumínio , Combinação de MedicamentosRESUMO
Objetivo: Analisar as propriedades físico-químicas, escoamento, tempo de presa, solubilidade e alteração dimensional, dos cimentos endodônticos à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol: Endomethasone N, Endofill e Grosmann, de acordo com a especificação número 57 da American Dental Association. Métodos: Realizou-se os testes nas condições ambientais de 23° ± 2°C e 50 ± 5% de umidade relativa do ar, mantidas 48 h antes dos procedimentos, repetindo-se cinco vezes e obtendo-se uma média aritmética. Resultados: Os cimentos à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol analisados apresentaram tempo de endurecimento elevados, para o teste de escoamento, o Endofill e Grossman apresentaram-se acima do estabelecido. Em relação à solubilidade, o Endomethasone N esteve dentro do padrão e os demais cimentos excederam. Conclusão:Todos os cimentos analisados obtiveram valores diferentes do recomendado para alteração dimensional. Nenhum dos cimentos enquadrou-se completamente nas normatizações.
Aim: To analyze the physical-chemical properties, flow, setting time, solubility and dimensional change of endodontic cements, based on zinc oxide and eugenol: Endomethasone N, Endo fill, and Grosmann, according to specification number 57 of the American Dental Association. Methods: The tests were conducted under environmental conditions of 23° ± 2°C and 50 ± 5% relative air humidity, maintained for 48 h prior to the procedures, repeating five times and obtaining an arithmetic mean. Results: The cements based on zinc oxide and eugenol analyzed in this study showed high hardening times. For the flow test, Endo fill and Grossman were above the established parameters. Regarding solubility, Endomethasone N was within the standard, while the other cements exceeded this standard. Conclusion: All analyzed cements obtained values that proved to be different from those recommended for dimensional changes. None of the cements were completely compliant with the regulations.
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Solubilidade , Cimento de Óxido de Zinco e Eugenol , Teste de Materiais , Cimentos Dentários , Óxido de Zinco , EugenolRESUMO
Introdução: o uso da simeticona após coleta salivar é pouco descrito na literatura, sendo indicado para a obtenção de quantitativo maior da amostra. Todavia poucos são os estudos sobre a possível interferência dessa substância nos resultados do exame salivar. Objetivo: Avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas de duas marcas de simeticona e verificar se o fármaco interfere nos resultados do exame salivar. Metodologia: o estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Bioquímica Oral (ICS/UFBA). Na etapa in vitro, avaliou-se o potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), a acidez titulável total (ATT) e a presença de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) na simeticona das marcas A e B. Na etapa in vivo, foi avaliada a velocidade do fluxo salivar (VFS), pH e a capacidade tampão (CT) na amostra salivar de 23 voluntários, comparando-se os resultados sem e com o uso das medicações (marcas A e B). Resultados: as duas marcas estudadas obtiveram pH menor que o neutro, e os valores de ATT para obtenção do pH 7 foram maiores na marca A. Ambas apresentaram valores elevados de SST. Na etapa in vivo, 78,3% da amostra era de mulheres, com idade média de 21,1 anos e VFS dentro da normalidade. Não houve diferença estatística entre o VFS (p=0,022) e pH (p=0,419) entre os grupos estudados, enquanto os valores da CT relativos ao uso da simeticona da marca A foram diferentes em comparação com os dos dois outros grupos (p=0,005). Conclusão: as propriedades laboratoriais das marcas de simeticona estudadas apresentaram diferenças entre si. O uso da marca A parece ter interferido na CT da saliva coletada.
Introduction: the use of simethicone after salivary collection is controversial in the literature, being indicated to obtain a larger quantity of sample. However, there are few studies on its interference in salivary examination results. Objective: to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of two brands of simethicone. Also, check if the drug interferes with salivary examination results. Methodology: the study was conducted at the Oral Biochemistry Laboratory of ICS / UFBA. In the in vitro stage, the hydrogen potential (pH), the total titratable acidity (TTA) and the presence of total soluble solids (TSS) in the A and B simethicone brands were evaluated. In the in vivo step the salivary flow rate (SFR) was evaluated; also pH and buffer capacity (BC) in the salivary sample of 23 volunteers, comparing the results without and with the use of medications (brands A and B). Results: the two studied brands had lower pH than neutral and the TTA values to obtain pH 7 were higher in brand A. Both presented high values of TSS. In the in vivo stage, 78.3% of the sample was women, with a mean age of 21.1 years and normal SFR. There was no statistical difference between SFR (p = 0.022) and pH (p = 0.419) between the studied groups, while the TCs values for the use of brand A simethicone were different compared to the other two groups (p = 0.005). Conclusion: the laboratory properties of the simethicone brands studied differed from each other. The use of brand A seems to have interfered with the collected saliva BC.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Saliva , Simeticone , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Estudos de Avaliação como AssuntoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate some of the physicochemical properties of a new root canal sealer. METHODS: The sealers tested were Sealer Plus compared with AH Plus. For the radiopacity, flow, solubility, and fabrication of test specimens relative to setting times, the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association No. 57 (2000) and International Organization for Standardization 6876 (2012) specifications were followed. To measure the initial and final setting times, the ASTM C266/2008 standard was used. pH was evaluated in the time intervals of 3, 24, 72, and 168 hours. Statistical tests were applied to the results obtained at a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the Sealer Plus sealer showed a lower radiopacity value than AH Plus sealer (P < .05); however, this was higher than the minimum value recommended by the specifications (ie, 3 mm Al). Relative to flow, the value for Sealer Plus was 19.19 mm and for AH Plus, 19.81 mm (P > .05). Sealer Plus presented initial and final setting times of 138 minutes and 210 minutes, respectively, whereas the values for AH Plus were 437 minutes and 849 minutes, respectively (P < .05). Relative to solubility, Sealer Plus presented 0.21% and AH Plus, 0.27% (P > .05). None of the sealers showed a significant increase in pH (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Sealer Plus sealer presented physicochemical properties in accordance with American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (2000) No. 57 and International Organization for Standardization 6876 (2012) specifications.
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Hidróxido de Cálcio/química , Resinas Epóxi/química , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Fenômenos Químicos , Teste de MateriaisRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características de superfície da cerâmica vítrea de dissilicato de lítio com diferentes acabamentos de superfície (glaze e polimento manual mecânico) submetidas a soluções ácidas (ácido cítrico e ácido fosfórico) e armazenadas em água ou saliva humana. As superfícies foram analisadas utilizando a energia livre de superfície, rugosidade, dureza e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram utilizadas pastilhas de cerâmica vítrea de dissilicato de lítio, do sistema prensado, dos quais foram obtidas amostras com 6 mm x 4 mm x 2mm (n=120). Os grupos experimentais foram divididos de acordo com o acabamento das cerâmicas (polida ou glaze), desafio (água, ácido cítrico e ácido fosfórico) e meio de armazenamento (água deionizada ou saliva humana). Foram realizados ciclos de 21 dias onde as cerâmicas permaneciam 4 horas na solução de desafio e 20 horas no meio de armazenamento, sendo renovados diariamente. Os dados foram submetidos a ANOVA a 3 critérios seguidos pelo teste de Student-Newman-Keuls. Houve rugosidade maior com o acabamento glaze (p<0,001) e o desafio com ácido fosfórico levou a menor rugosidade (p<0,003). A dureza foi maior para as cerâmicas com glaze e menor quando submetida ao ácido cítrico (p=0,536). A superfície da cerâmica glazeada apresentou maior valor de energia livre (p<0,007), porém nos desafios ácidos armazenados em saliva, o componente doador de elétrons em ambos os desafios, apresentaram menores valores (p=0,148). Concluiu-se que a cerâmica glazeada apresentou maior rugosidade, dureza e energia de superfície do que a cerâmica polida, e os desafios ácidos e meio de armazenamento influenciaram estas variáveis, principalmente nas cerâmicas polidas(AU)
The objective of this study was to analyze the surface characteristics of vitreous ceramics of lithium disilicate with different surface finishes (glaze and mechanical manual polishing) submitted to acid solutions (citric acid and phosphoric acid) and stored in human water or saliva. The surfaces were analyzed using surface free energy, roughness, hardness and scanning electron microscopy. Lithium disilicate vitreous ceramic tablets were used, from which the samples were obtained with 6 mm x 4 mm x 2 mm (n=120). The experimental groups were divided according to the finishing of the ceramics (polished or glaze), challenge (water, citric acid and phosphoric acid) and storage medium (deionized water or human saliva). Twenty-one day cycles were performed where the ceramics remained 4 hours in the challenge solution and 20 hours in the storage medium, being renewed daily. Data were submitted to ANOVA at 3 criteria followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. There was greater roughness with the glaze finish (p<0.001) and the challenge with phosphoric acid led to the least roughness (p<0.003). Hardness was higher for ceramics with glaze and lower when submitted to citric acid (p=0.536). The glaze ceramic surface presented higher free energy value (p<0.007), but in the acidic challenges stored in saliva, the electron donor component in both challenges presented lower values (p=0.148). It was concluded that the glazed ceramics presented higher roughness, hardness and surface energy than the polished ceramics, and the acidic challenges and storage medium influenced these variables, especially in the polished ceramics(AU)
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Ácidos , Cerâmica , Ácido Cítrico , Testes de DurezaRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the absorption/fluid uptake, solubility and porosity of White mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, Biodentine (BIO), and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE). Material and Methods: Solubility was evaluated after immersion in distilled water for 7 and 30 days. Porosity was evaluated using digital inverted microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). For the fluid uptake test, specimens were immersed in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. Fluid absorption, solubility and porosity of the materials were measured after each period. Statistical evaluation was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests, with a significance level at 5%. Results: After 7 and 30 days, BIO showed the highest solubility (p<0.05). All methods demonstrated that MTA had total porosity higher than BIO and ZOE (p<0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed that MTA had the highest porosity at the initial period, after its setting time (p<0.05). After 7 and 30 days, ZOE had porosity lower than MTA and BIO (p<0.05). Absorption was similar among the materials (p>0.05), and higher fluid uptake and solubility were observed for MTA in the fluid uptake test (p<0.05). Conclusions: BIO had the highest solubility in the conventional test and MTA had higher porosity and fluid uptake. ZOE had lower values of solubility, porosity and fluid uptake. Solubility, porosity and fluid uptake are related, and the tests used provided complementary data.
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Óxidos/química , Cimento de Óxido de Zinco e Eugenol/química , Silicatos/química , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Compostos de Alumínio/química , Solubilidade , Propriedades de Superfície , Fatores de Tempo , Teste de Materiais , Água/química , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise de Variância , Porosidade , Combinação de Medicamentos , Microtomografia por Raio-X , ImersãoRESUMO
Abstract To examine the effect of the alternative coinitiator 4,4'bis dimethylamino benzydrol (BZN) in degree of conversion (DC), mechanical and biological properties of experimental composites. The coinitiator BZN was used in three concentrations (0.2, 0.5 and 1.2%), and the coinitiator DMAEMA was used as control at the same concentrations as above. The molar concentration of camphorquinone (CQ) and coinitiators was kept constant (1:1). The composites were manipulated and submitted to microhardness test (VHN), flexural and compressive strength (in MPa), elastic modulus (GPa), DC (FT-IR) and in vitro cytotoxicity (against 3T3 fibroblastic cells) of the experimental resins. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test (α=0.05). The experimental composite resin with BZN showed higher DC values compared to control DMAEMA groups. For the mechanical properties, microhardness values were higher in BZN groups; flexural strength and elastic modulus were similar between all the groups. Compressive strength for groups BZN0.5 and DMAEMA0.5 were not statistically different, being the lowest values attributed to group BZN0.2. The experimental resins with BZN and DMAEMA were considered nontoxic against 3T3 fibroblasts. The inclusion of the coinitiator BZN in experimental composites was considered nontoxic against 3T3 fibroblast cells, without compromising DC and mechanical properties.
Resumo Analisar o efeito do co-iniciador alternativo 4,4'bisdimetilaminobenzidrol (BZN) no grau de conversão (GC) e nas propriedades mecânicas e biológicas de resinas compostas experimentais. O co-iniciador BZN foi utilizado em três concentrações (0,2, 0,5 e 1,2), e o co-iniciador DMAEMA como controle, nas mesmas concentrações acima. A concentração molar entre canforoquinona (CQ) e os co-iniciadores foi mantida constante (1:1). As resinas compostas foram manipuladas e submetidas aos testes de microdureza (VHN), resistência à compressão e flexural (em MPa), módulo de elasticidade (em GPa), GC (em %, por meio de espectroscopia micro-Raman e FTIR com KBr), citotoxicidade in vitro (frente às células fibroblásticas 3T3) das resinas experimentais. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA 1 fator e pós-teste de Tukey (α=0,05). As resinas compostas experimentais com o BZN apresentaram GC e propriedades mecânicas satisfatórias, além de serem consideradas atóxicas a fibroblastos 3T3. A inclusão do co-iniciador BZN à resina composta foi considerada não tóxica frente a células fibroblásticas 3T3 e sem comprometer o grau de conversão e as propriedades mecânicas da mesma.
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Animais , Camundongos , Aminas/química , Resinas Compostas , Teste de Materiais , Células 3T3RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study has investigated the influence of Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-nt) addition to self-adhesive resin cement on the degree of conversion, water sorption, and water solubility, mechanical and biological properties. METHODS: A commercially available auto-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200™, 3M ESPE) was reinforced with varying amounts of nanotubes (0.3, 0.6, 0.9wt%) and evaluated at different curing modes (self- and dual cure). The DC in different times (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15min), water sorption (Ws) and solubility (Sl), 3-point flexural strength (σf), elastic modulus (E), Knoop microhardness (H) and viability of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts were performed to characterize the resin cement. RESULTS: Reinforced self-adhesive resin cement, regardless of concentration, increased the DC for the self- and dual-curing modes at all times studied. The concentration of the TiO2-nt and the curing mode did not influence the Ws and Sl. Regarding σf, concentrations of both 0.3 and 0.9wt% for self-curing mode resulted in data similar to that of dual-curing unreinforced cement. The E increased with the addition of 0.9wt% for self-cure mode and H increased with 0.6 and 0.9wt% for both curing modes. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that reinforced cements were biocompatible. SIGNIFICANCE: TiO2-nt reinforced self-adhesive resin cement are promising materials for use in indirect dental restorations. Taken together, self-adhesive resin cement reinforced with TiO2-nt exhibited physicochemical and mechanical properties superior to those of unreinforced cements, without compromising their cellular viability.
Assuntos
Colagem Dentária , Nanotubos , Cimentos de Resina , Titânio , Cimentos Dentários , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Propriedades de Superfície , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the influence of phenyl-propanedione on yellowing and chemical-mechanical properties of experimental resin-based materials photoactivated using different light curing units (LCUs). Material and Methods Experimental resin-based materials with the same organic matrix (60:40 wt% BisGMA:TEGDMA) were mechanically blended using a centrifugal mixing device. To this blend, different photoinitiator systems were added in equimolar concentrations with aliphatic amine doubled by wt%: 0.4 wt% CQ; 0.38 wt% PPD; or 0.2 wt% CQ and 0.19 wt% PPD. The degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS), Young’s modulus (YM), Knoop hardness (KNH), crosslinking density (CLD), and yellowing (Y) were evaluated (n=10). All samples were light cured with the following LCUs: a halogen lamp (XL 2500), a monowave LED (Radii), or a polywave LED (Valo) with 16 J/cm2. The results were analysed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results No statistical differences were found between the different photoinitiator systems to KNH, CLS, FS, and YM properties (p≥0.05). PPD/CQ association showed the higher DC values compared with CQ and PPD isolated systems when photoactivated by a polywave LED (p≤0.05). Y values were highest for the CQ compared with the PPD systems (p≤0.05). Conclusion PPD isolated system promoted similar chemical and mechanical properties and less yellowing compared with the CQ isolated system, regardless of the LCU used.
Assuntos
Polietilenoglicóis/química , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/química , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato/química , Chalconas/química , Cura Luminosa de Adesivos Dentários/métodos , Fotoiniciadores Dentários/química , Espectrofotometria , Teste de Materiais , Cânfora/análogos & derivados , Cânfora/química , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Pigmentação em Prótese , Cor , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Maleabilidade , Transição de Fase , Lâmpadas de Polimerização Dentária , Módulo de Elasticidade , Polimerização , Testes de DurezaRESUMO
O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar a caracterização do cimento resinoso autoadesivo RelyX U200 aditivado de nanotubos de dióxido de titânio (nt-TiO2) em diferentes concentrações (0,3, 0,6, e 0,9% em peso) quanto às suas propriedades físico-químicas, mecânicas e biológica. Duas condições de polimerização foram analisadas: autopolimerizável (grupos: AC, A03, A06 e A09) e dual (grupos: DC, D03, D06 e D09). Para análise do grau de conversão foi utilizada a espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier com registro do espectro nos tempos de 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 minutos. Os picos das bandas de comprimento de onda de 1638 cm-1 e de 1608 cm-1 foram identificados para cálculo do grau de conversão. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA de medidas repetidas seguido de comparações múltiplas de Tukey (=0,05). A análise de sorção e solubilidade foi realizada por meio da confecção de discos de cimento resinoso (10 mm ø × 2 mm) (n=8) monitorados quanto à sua massa depois de ciclos de hidratação/desidratação. A resistência à flexão em 3 pontos e módulo de elasticidade foram mensurados por meio de barras (2 × 2 × 25 mm) de cimento resinoso (n=10) levadas à máquina universal de ensaios. Para análise de Dureza Knoop utilizou-se microdurômetro com carga de 50g /10 segundos. Nos discos de cimento resinoso de 10 mm ø × 2 mm foram realizadas 5 endentações equidistantes 0,5mm e medidas em aumento de 50×. Para resistência de união ao cisalhamento, sobre discos de zircônia sinterizados foi aplicado o cimento resinoso (n=10) nas dimensões de 3 mm ø × 2 mm. Por meio de dispositivo foram levados à máquina universal de ensaios. Os dados encontrados de sorção e solubilidade e de cada propriedade mecânica foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA a dois critérios e de comparações múltiplas de Tukey (=0,05). Exceto para resistência ao cisalhamento que se utilizou o teste de comparação de Fischer (=0,05). Para viabilidade celular (n=8) foi realizado teste de MTT apenas na condição dual. Os grupos estudados foram: DC, D03, D06, D09, CP (controle positivo), CN (controle negativo). Após 24, 48 e 72 horas os níveis de absorbâncias foram analisados por meio de espectrofotometria no leitor de ELISA. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA a dois critérios e de comparações múltiplas de Tukey (=0,05). Os resultados mostraram que a adição de nt-TiO2, independente da concentração, aumentou os valores de grau de conversão do cimento resinoso para a condição autopolimerizável e dual em todos os tempos estudados. Já para sorção e solubilidade não houve influência nos resultados da concentração de nanotubos inseridos e da condição de polimerização. Para resistência flexural, a adição de nt-TiO2 nas concentrações de 0,3% (A03) e 0,9% (A09) resultou em dados similares ao controle na condição dual (DC). O valor médio de módulo de elasticidade aumentou com a adição de 0,9% (A09), similar a todos os grupos da condição dual, em que adição de nt-TiO2 não influenciou os resultados. A adição de 0,6% (A06 e D06) e 0,9% (A09 e D09) de nt-TiO2 ao cimento aumentou os valores de dureza quando comparado aos grupos controle (AC e DC). Para resistência de união ao cisalhamento, a concentração de 0,3% de nt-TiO2 (A03 e D03) aumentou os valores quando comparado aos grupos A06, D06, A09 e D09 porém sem diferença para os grupos controle (AC e DC). Para viabilidade celular no período de 24h, os grupos D03, D06 e D09 obtiveram resultado similar ao grupo CP, já o grupo DC apresentou valores de absorbância inferiores ao CP, usado como parâmetro de comparação. Em 48 e 72h, todos os grupos experimentais não demonstraram diferença significativa em comparação ao grupo CP. O grupo CN apresentou diferença para os demais em todos dos tempos estudados. A adição de nt-TiO2 ao cimento resinoso autoadesivo representa uma estratégia promissora para potencializar suas propriedades físico-químicas e mecânicas sem prejuízo das propriedades biológicas.(AU)
The aim of this study was to characterize the self-adhesive resin cement RelyX U200 additive, titanium dioxide nanotubes (nt-TiO2), at different concentrations (0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% by weight) and to determine their physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties. Two polymerization conditions were analyzed: self-curing (groups AC, A03, A06 and A09) and dual-curing (groups DC, D03, D06 and D09). To analyze the conversion degree, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used, and the spectrum was recorded at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 minutes. The peaks of the wavelength bands, 1638 cm-1 and 1608 cm-1, were identified to calculate the degree of conversion. The data were subjected to a repeated-measures ANOVA followed by a Tukey multiple-comparison test (=0.05). The sorption and solubility analysis was performed by making resin-cement discs (10 mm ø × 2 mm) (n=8) and monitoring their masses after the hydration/dehydration cycles. The 3-point flexural strength and the modulus of elasticity of resin-cement bars (2 × 2 × 25 mm) (n=10) were measured using a universal testing machine. The Knoop microhardness was analyzed with a load of 50 g and a time of 10 seconds. On each resin cement disc, 5 equidistant indentations of 0.5 mm were made, and the measures were increased by 50×. To test bonding shear strength, resin cement was applied to sintered zirconia discs (3 mm ø × 2 mm) (n=10). The bonded discs were then taken to the universal testing machine. Their sorption, solubility and each mechanical property were submitted to a two-way ANOVA and a Tukey multiple-comparison test (=0.05). The shear strength was submitted to a Fischer comparison test (=0.05). To test cell viability (n=8), a MTT assay was performed using only the dual-curing condition. The studied groups were: DC, D03, D06, D09, CP (positive control) and CN (negative control). After 24, 48 and 72 hours, the absorbance levels were analyzed using an ELISA spectrophotometry reader. The data were submitted to a two-way ANOVA and a Tukey multiple-comparison test (=0.05). The results showed that the addition of nt-TiO2, regardless of concentration, increased the conversion degree values for the self-curing resin cement and for the dual-curing at all times studied. The sorption and solubility were not influenced by the concentration of the nanotubes or the polymerization condition. Regarding flexural strength, the addition of the nt-TiO2 in concentrations of either 0.3% (A03) or 0.9% (A09) resulted in data similar to those in the dual-curing control (DC) condition. The average modulus of elasticity increased with the addition of 0.9% nt-TiO2 (A09), and as with all the groups in the dual-curing condition, the addition of nt-TiO2 did not affect the results. The addition of either 0.6% (A06 and D06) or 0.9% (A09 and D09) of nt-TiO2 cement increased hardness values relative to the control groups (AC and DC). The group with a 0.3% concentration of nt-TiO2 (A03 and D03) showed higher bonding shear strength values than several of the groups with higher concentrations (A06, D06 and D09), but the A09 group had no difference relative to either control group (AC or DC). For cell viability in the 24-h period, the D03 D06 and D09 groups achieved a result similar to that of the CP group with significant difference to the DC group that had lower absorbance values. At the benchmarks of 48 and 72 h, and only the CN group showed a significant difference compared to others. The addition of nt-TiO2 is a promising strategy for improving the physical-chemical and mechanical properties without prejudice the biological properties.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Nanotubos/química , Polimerização , Cimentos de Resina/química , Autocura de Resinas Dentárias/métodos , Titânio/química , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Dureza , Teste de Materiais , Fenômenos Químicos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Cimentos de Resina/farmacologia , Resistência ao Cisalhamento , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Fatores de Tempo , Titânio/farmacologiaRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar a solubilidade de quatro cimentos de ionômero de vidro disponíveis comercialmente e indicados para a técnica do Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART), quando expostos ao meio ácido (tampão lactato) e neutro (água). Para cada cimento de ionômero de vidro, 8 corpos-de-prova foram obtidos em matrizes plásticas com dimensões especificadas pela ISO 7849. Dois corpos-de-prova suspensos por fios de aço inoxidável dentro de cada frasco "pesa filtro", foram imersos em 50 mL de água deionizada ou 50 mL de solução tampão lactato (pH 2,74), preparada segundo as recomendações da ISO 9917. Para cada série de experimento, outro frasco "pesa filtro" contendo apenas os 50mL de solução tampão lactato ou água destilada foi usado como controle. Nestas condições, os frascos "pesa filtro" foram armazenados sob temperatura de 37oC, durante 23 horas. O conteúdo solúvel para cada par de corpos-de-prova, em porcentagem, foi calculado seguindo a especificação da ISO 7849. O cimento de ionômero de vidro Ketac Molar Easymix apresentou valor percentual de solubilidade significantemente (p< 0,05) menor tanto no tampão lactato (8,70%) como em água (0,06%), em relação aos demais materiais Vitro Molar (12,17% e 0,10%), Vidrion R (13,29% e 0,26%) e Maxxion R (30,07% e 1,85%). Os quatro cimentos de ionômero de vidro foram significativamente mais solúveis em meio ácido do que em água e o material Ketac Molar Easymix apresentou menor solubilidade em ácido e água.
This study evaluated and compared the solubility of four commercially available glass ionomer cements indicated for Atraumatic Restorarative Treatment (ART), after immersion in acid and water environments. Eight specimens for each brand were obtained using a plastic ring mold with dimensions specified by ISO 7849. Two specimens of the same material were suspended by a platinum wire inside weighing bottles containing 50 mL of water or a lactate buffer solution (pH=2.74) prepared according to ISO 9917. Simultaneously, a clean weighing bottle with either lactate buffer or distilled water was used as a blank estimation for each specimen pair. The weighing bottles were stored at 37oC for 23 hours. The leachable content of each specimen pair in acid or water was calculated as a percentage by mass, according to ISO 7849. Ketac Molar Easymix revealed the statistically lowest solubility in acid (8.70%) and neutral water environments (0.06%) compared to Vitro Molar (12.17% and 0.10%), Vidrion R (13.29% and 0.26%) and Maxxion R (30.07% e 1.85%). All glass ionomer cements showed statically higher solubility in acid compared to water. Ketac Easy Mix cement presented the lowest solubility in both environments.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Químicos , Materiais Dentários , SolubilidadeRESUMO
AbstractObjective RetroMTA® is a new hydraulic bioceramic indicated for pulp capping, perforations or root resorption repair, apexification and apical surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the radiopacity, pH variation and cytotoxicity of this material to ProRoot® MTA.Material and Methods Mixed cements were exposed to a digital x-ray along with an aluminum stepwedge for the radiopacity assay. pH values were verified after incubation period of 3, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. The cytotoxicity of each cement was tested on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts using a multiparametric assay. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey’spost hoc in GraphPad Prism.Results ProRoot® MTA had higher radiopacity than RetroMTA®(p<0.001). No significant differences were observed for the pH of the materials throughout experimental periods (p>0.05) although pH levels of both materials reduced over time. Both ProRoot® MTA and RetroMTA® allowed for significantly higher cell viability when compared with the positive control (p<0.001). No statistical difference was observed between ProRoot® MTA and RetroMTA® cytotoxicity level in all test parameters, except for the ProRoot® MTA 48-hour extract media in the NR assay (p<0.05).Conclusion The current study provides new data about the physicochemical and biological properties of Retro® MTA concerning radiopacity, pH and cytotoxic effects on human periodontal ligaments cells. Based on our findings, RetroMTA® meets the radiopacity requirements standardized by ANSI/ADA number 572, and similar pH values and biocompatibility to ProRoot® MTA. Further studies should be performed to evaluate additional properties of this new material.
Assuntos
Humanos , Compostos de Alumínio/química , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Cerâmica/química , Óxidos/química , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Silicatos/química , Compostos de Alumínio/toxicidade , Análise de Variância , Compostos de Cálcio/toxicidade , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Cerâmica/toxicidade , Meios de Contraste , Combinação de Medicamentos , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Teste de Materiais , Óxidos/toxicidade , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/toxicidade , Silicatos/toxicidade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Recently, various calcium silicate-based sealers have been introduced for use in root canal filling. The MTA Fillapex is one of these sealers, but some of its physicochemical properties are not in accordance with the ISO requirements. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the flowability, pH level and calcium release of pure MTA Fillapex (MTAF) or containing 5% (MTAF5) or 10% (MTAF10) calcium hydroxide (CH), in weight, in comparison with AH Plus sealer. Material and Methods: The flowability test was performed according to the ISO 6876:2001 requirements. For the pH level and calcium ion release analyses, the sealers were placed individually (n=10) in plastic tubes and immersed in deionized water. After 24 hours, 7 and 14 days, the water in which each specimen had been immersed was evaluated to determine the pH level changes and calcium released. Flowability, pH level and calcium release data were analyzed statistically by the ANOVA test (α=5%). Results: In relation to flowability: MTAF>AH Plus>MTAF5>MTAF10. In relation to the pH level, for 24 h: MTAF5=MTAF10=MTAF>AH Plus; for 7 and 14 days: MTAF5=MTAF10>MTAF>AH Plus. For the calcium release, for all periods: MTAF>MTAF5=MTAF10>AH Plus. Conclusions: The addition of 5% CH to the MTA Fillapex (in weight) is an alternative to reduce the high flowability presented by the sealer, without interfering in its alkalization potential. .
Assuntos
Compostos de Alumínio/química , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Hidróxido de Cálcio/química , Cálcio/química , Resinas Epóxi/química , Óxidos/química , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Silicatos/química , Análise de Variância , Combinação de Medicamentos , Teste de Materiais , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Tempo , Viscosidade , Água/químicaRESUMO
Due to the low radiopacity of Sealer 26, iodoform is frequently empirically added to this sealer. Thus, the interference of this procedure with the physicochemical properties of Sealer 26 must be evaluated. Objective: This study evaluated the influence of the addition of iodoform on setting time, flow, solubility, pH, and calcium release of an epoxy-based sealer. Material and Methods: The control group was pure Sealer 26, and the experimental groups were Sealer 26 added with 1.1 g, 0.55 g or 0.275 g of iodoform. Setting time evaluation was performed in accordance with the ASTM C266-03 speciflcation. The analysis of flow and solubility was in accordance with the ISO 6876-2001 speciflcation. For the evaluation of pH and calcium ion release, polyethylene tubes were filled with the materials and immersed in flasks with 10 ml of deionized water. After 24 h, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 45 days pH was measured. In 45 days, the calcium released was evaluated with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The addition of iodoform increased setting time in comparison with pure sealer (P<0.05). As for flow, solubility, and calcium release, the mixtures presented results similar to pure sealer (p>0.05). In the 24 h period, the mixture with 1.1 g and 0.55 g of iodoform showed lower pH than pure sealer and than sealer added with 0.275 g of iodoform (P<0.05). Conclusions: The iodoform added to Sealer 26 interferes with its setting time and solubility properties. Further studies are needed to address the clinical signiflcance of this interference. .
Assuntos
Bismuto/química , Hidróxido de Cálcio/química , Resinas Epóxi/química , Hidrocarbonetos Iodados/química , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Análise de Variância , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Teste de Materiais , Fenômenos Químicos , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Solubilidade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
O cimento Portland é constituído por silicato de cálcio e a associação com aditivos e veículos conferem características que podem viabilizar seu uso como cimento endodôntico. No entanto, o cimento Portland não apresenta radiopacidade própria, o que torna necessário a adição de um agente radiopacificador à mistura para ser utilizado como material dentário. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas e mecânicas, o potencial bioativo e caracterizar a interface dentina-cimento de cimentos endodônticos experimentas à base de cimento Portland (ES) contendo nano ou micro partículas de óxido de zircônio ou óxido de nióbio. O tempo de presa, resistência à compressão, escoamento, espessura de filme, radiopacidade, solubilidade e estabilidade dimensional foram avaliadas de acordo com a norma ISO 6876:2012, enquanto que a liberação de fomaldeído foi avaliada por meio de cromatografia gasosa. A resistência de união dentinária foi avaliada por meio de teste push-out e tanto a caracterização da microestrutura dos cimento quanto a análise do potencial bioativo foram realizadas utilizando energia dispersiva de raios-x, difractometria e espectroscopia infravermelha. A interface dentina-cimento foi avaliada com relação à penetração de microesferas fluorescentes e examinada em microscopia confocal e microscopia eletrônica de varredura associada à escaneamento por energia dispersiva de raios-x linear. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA e Tukey (p < 0,05). Com exceção da radiopacidade, os ES apresentaram propriedades físico-químicas de acordo com as especificações ISO 6876, adequada resistência de união à dentina, potencial bioativo e promoveram selamento coronário e interação química com a dentina.
Portland Cement is composed by calcium silicate and the association with additives or vehicles, may confer characteristics to enable the use of this cement as root canal sealer. However, Portland cement lacks in radiopacity which requires the addition of a radiopacifying agent to the mixture to be used as dental material. The purpose of this study was to assess the physicochemical and mechanical properties, the bioactivy potential and to characterize the dentin-sealers interfaces of Portland-based experimental root canal sealers (ES) containing nano or micro particles of zirconium oxide or niobium oxide. Setting time, compressive strength, flow ability, film thickness, radiopacity, solubility and dimensional stability were evaluated according to ISO 6876:2012 standards, whereas formaldehyde realease was investigated using gas-cromatography. Dentin bond strength was evaluated by push-out test and the sealer's microestruture and bioactivity potential were perfomed using X-ray energy espectroscopy, Xray diffractometry and infrared spectroscopy. Dentin-sealers interface was assessed with respect to fluorescent microspheres penetration and it was also examined using confocal microscope and scanning electron microscope coupled to X-ray energy dispersive line scans. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (p < 0.05). With the exception of radiopacity, ES showed physicochemical properties according to ISO 6876:2012 specifications, adequate dentin bond strength, great bioactivity potential and promoted coronal sealing and chemical interaction with dentin
Assuntos
Calcarea Silicata , Cimentos Dentários , Materiais Dentários , Endodontia , Fenômenos Físicos , Testes Mecânicos , Análise de VariânciaRESUMO
O Cimento Portland (CP) é um cimento de silicato de cálcio. Modificações em sua composição por meio de aditivos e resinas podem melhorar sua manipulação e presa. Foram avaliados MTA Angelus e diferentes cimentos de silicato de cálcio: puro (CSC), modificado (CSCM), resinoso 1 (CSCR1), resinoso 2 (CSCR2) e resinoso 3 (CSCR3). Dois cimentos foram selecionados para avaliação em associação aos radiopacificadores: óxido de zircônio (ZrO2) ou óxido de nióbio (Nb2O5) micro ou nanoparticulado, tungstato de cálcio (CaWO4) ou óxido de bismuto (Bi2O3). Na primeira etapa (Capítulo 1) foram avaliados tempo de presa, escoamento, resistência à compressão, quantificação de arsênio, radiopacidade e viabilidade celular. Na segunda etapa, os materiais CSCM e CSCR2 associados aos radiopacificadores forma avaliados quanto ao tempo de presa, escoamento, solubilidade, radiopacidade, resistência à compressão, pH, cálcio (capítulo 2); além de superfície, composição química, MTT e apoptose/necrose (capítulo 3). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey (pË0,05). Todos os cimentos apresentaram arsênio em níveis compatíveis com o uso clínico, e mostraram biocompatibilidade. O CSCR2 apresentou maior escoamento. As associações do CSCM + CaWO4 e CSCR2 + ZrO2 e Nb2O5 micro ou CaWO4 e o MTA Angelus apresentaram menor tempo de presa, e CSCM e CSCR2 + ZrO2 micro maior escoamento. Todos os cimentos apresentaram baixa solubilidade, pH alcalino e liberaram íons cálcio. Além disso, apresentam partículas de tamanho maior que o MTA, além de cálcio e silício em sua composição e foram biocompatíveis. Concluímos que os cimentos CSCM e CSCR2 apresentam potencial uso clínico quando associado aos radiopacificadores avaliados, destacando-se o ZrO2 e Nb2O5 microparticulados
Portland Cement (PC) is calcium silicate cement. Changes in its composition by additives and resins can improve their handling and setting time. It was evaluated MTA Angelus and different calcium silicate cements: pure (CSC), modified (CSCM), resin 1 (CSCR1), resin 2 (CSCR2) and resin 3 (CSCR3). After selection of two cements, they were associated with radiopacifiers: zirconium oxide (ZrO2) or niobium oxide (Nb2O5) micro or nanoparticulate, calcium tungstate (CaWO4) or bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). In the first fase (Chapter 1), setting time, flow, compressive strength, quantification of arsenic, radiopacity and cell viability were evaluated. In the second study, it were evaluated the setting time, flow, solubility, radiopacity, compressive strength, pH, calcium (Chapter 2), in addition to surface chemical composition, MTT and apoptosis/necrosis (Chapter 3) of cements CSCM and CSCR2 associated to radiopacifiers. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey test (pË0.05). All sealers showed arsenic in compatible with clinical use levels, and showed biocompatibility. The CSCR2 showed higher flow. The associations of CSCM + CaWO4 and CSCR2 with ZrO2 or Nb2O5 micro or CaWO4 and MTA Angelus had lower setting time, and CSCM and CSCR2 + ZrO2 micro largest flow. All cements showed low solubility, alkaline and released calcium ions. Also, they have particles larger than the size MTA, calcium and silicon were present in their composition and they were biocompatible. It was concluded that the CSCM and CSCR2 cements have potential clinical use when associated with radiopacifiers reviews, specially the ZrO2 and Nb2O5 microparticulated