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This research aimed to explore the changes produced in body mass index (BMI), fat mass percentage (FMP), muscle mass percentage (MMP), and visceral fat percentage (VFP) in 60-year-old or over overweight or obese people after a multicomponent exercise program. This quasi-experimental study involved 70 overweight or obese older people between 60 and 86 years old (M = 73.15; SD = 5.94) who were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n = 35) and an experimental group (EG, n = 35). At the beginning and at the end of the intervention program, anthropometric and body composition data were collected. The results showed an increase in BMI after the intervention in the CG (p = 0.010) and a decrease in the EG (p < 0.001). The results regarding the FMP indicate a significant decrease in the EG (p < 0.001) after the intervention, as occurs with the VFP (p = 0.003). The MMP increased in the EG (p < 0.001) after the intervention program. Regarding gender, statistically significant differences were found in the MMP after the intervention (p = 0.025), with higher percentages in men in the EG. VFP decreased in both men (p = 0.005) and women (p = 0.019) in the EG. From the results obtained, we can say that a 6-month multicomponent program produces a decrease in BMI, FMP, and VFP and an increase in MMP in its participants. This type of intervention seems to produce a greater increase in muscle mass in men than in women and a decrease in VFP in both genders.

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Physical activity plays an important role in the well-being and development of adolescents. Physical activity habits expressed in terms of frequency and duration are consistently associated with sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status. However, there is less evidence of the relationship between the type and context of physical activity in adolescents. The aim of this article is to analyze physical activity habits and their relationship with sociodemographic factors in Chilean adolescents. The cross-sectional study consisted of 7,263 adolescents aged between 10 and 20 years old, students from both public and private schools in all regions of Chile. Physical activity habits were examined by means of a self-report questionnaire. The age groups were classified according to the three stages of adolescence (early: 10 to 13, middle: 14 to 16, and late: 17 to 20 years old). Socioeconomic level was established based on the school vulnerability index (SVI) of the school attended by each adolescent. In the study it was obvious to the level of physical activity for the adolescents was below the international recommendations. A statistically significant association can also be found between the sociodemographic factors studied and the physical activity habits reported by the young people. The multivariate regression analysis established that the risk of not achieving the physical activity recommendations was 2.8 times higher in females than in males, 2.4 times higher in the older age groups (14-16 and 17-20 years old) compared to the 10-13-year age range and 1.1 times in the medium and high vulnerability groups than in the low socioeconomic vulnerability group. These findings highlight the importance of considering all these factors holistically whenever designing programs or public policies that promote the development of healthy physical activity habits in adolescents.

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BACKGROUND: The relationship between physical activity habits and well-being is widely recognized; however, the interaction that these variables have with sociodemographic factors throughout life is only partially addressed in the literature, particularly in children and adolescents. The aim of this article is to analyze the moderating effect of sociodemographic factors and the possible interaction of these moderations in the relationship between physical activity and subjective well-being in children and adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study considered a sample of 9572 children and adolescents from 10 to 19 years of age, students of primary and secondary schools in all regions of Chile. Subjective well-being and physical activity habits were measured using self-report questionnaires. Socioeconomic level was established from the school vulnerability index (SVI) of each student's school. RESULTS: Simple moderation analyses revealed that the higher the age and the lower the SVI, the stronger the relationship between physical activity habits and subjective well-being. From a double moderation analysis, it could be observed that the age of the subjects is the most relevant moderator in the relationship between physical activity habits and perceived well-being in young people. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of considering these factors and their interaction when generating programs or public policies to improve physical activity habits and well-being in children and adolescents.

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La obesidad y el sobrepeso son dos de los problemas de salud más acuciantes en la sociedad actual, y están aumentando hasta niveles preocupantes en los adolescentes. La actividad física es una de las herramientas que se pueden utilizar para mejorar la situación. Diversos países han puesto en marcha programas, en los que la actividad física juega un papel primordial, con el objetivo de reducir el porcentaje de grasa corporal en los jóvenes. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de los estudios que analizan esos programas.

Obesity and overweight are two of the most pressing health problems in today's society, and those are increasing to worrying levels in adolescents. Physical activity is one of the tools that can be used to improve the situation. Several countries have launched programs in which physical activity plays a key role, with the aim of reducing the percentage of body fat in young people. In this work, a bibliographic review of the studies that analyze these programs is carried out.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fibromyalgia is a highly relevant theme for research considering its impressive 2% worldwide prevalence, diffuse pain and suffering, largely unknown pathophysiology, scarce odds of cure and, more often than not, poor symptom control. This study aims to review the main options of treatment for fibromyalgia, including some novel alternatives. CONTENTS: The pharmacological treatment for fibromyalgia can be prescribed in monotherapy or combination of drugs, which comprises antidepressants, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, cannabinoids, opioids, N-methyl D-Aspartate antagonists, melatoninergic agonists, peptidergic substances among others. Non-pharmacological therapies include acupuncture, behavioral (or psychobehavioral) and psychological (or psychotherapy) interventions, physical activity programs, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, ozone therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, stretching exercises associated to low intravenous curare doses, among others. Treatment modalities are presented according to possible mechanisms of action, level of scientific evidence and recommendation. CONCLUSION: Fibromyalgia therapy should be individualized, and it does not aim the cure. Its objective is to reduce the subject's suffering; provide function improvement and, as much as possible, the individual's autonomy and quality of life. There is much in common in most approach recommendations, yet there are some divergence and changes as knowledge is acquired about a theme where consensus is far from being achieved.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A impressionante prevalência de 2% da fibromialgia na população mundial, associada ao sofrimento a ela atribuída, à sua fisiopatologia ainda não integralmente desvendada, ao prognóstico reservado em relação à possibilidade de cura, e, aos resultados insatisfatórios no controle de seus sintomas, mormente os dolorosos; fazem dela um tema preferencial para investigação e estudo. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma revisão sobre os principais tratamentos sugeridos para os portadores de fibromialgia, incluindo alguns emergentes. CONTEÚDO: O tratamento farmacológico da fibromialgia pode ser aplicado em monoterapia ou combinar fármacos, inclusive antidepressivos, relaxantes musculares, anticonvulsivantes, canabinoides, opioides, antagonistas N-metil D-Aspartato, agonistas melatoninérgicos, substâncias peptidérgicas entre outras. Os tratamentos classificados como não farmacológicos incluem a acupuntura, intervenções comportamentais (ou psicocomportamentais), psicológicas (ou psicoterápicas), programas de atividade física, oxigenoterapia hiperbárica, ozonioterapia, estimulação magnética transcraniana, relaxamento muscular com baixas doses de curare por via venosa associado a alongamento e realongamento, entre outros. Os tratamentos são apresentados e situados em relação aos respectivos possíveis mecanismos de ação, evidência científica e graus de recomendação. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento da fibromialgia é individualizado, e, não propõe sua cura. O objetivo é a redução do sofrimento de seus portadores, a melhora da funcionalidade, e na medida do possível, da autonomia pessoal e da qualidade de vida. A maioria das condutas e recomendações possuem muito em comum, porém não são totalmente congruentes, mostram dinamismo e mudanças à medida em que se acumula conhecimento sobre um assunto sobre o qual o consenso ainda está muito longe de ocorrer.

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The present study surveyed the profile of people who did or did not take part in programs and activities in primary healthcare units in the Butantã district, the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The rationale for the study was the concept of body practice understood as a practice of health and care. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 1090 individuals mostly middle-aged housewives. Only 5.78% of respondents were enrolled in some program and activities, mainly walking and stretching. There was a consensus between participants and non-participants on the importance of initiatives geared to care for the body and attention to health. The difficulties for having access to programs and the lack of options in the health public service were pointed out as the main obstacles for a greater involvement by local population.

Partimos do conceito prática corporal compreendida como prática de saúde e cuidado para identificar o perfil das pessoas que participam ou não de programas e atividades em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) no distrito Butantã, município de São Paulo. Um questionário semi-estruturado foi aplicado junto a 1090 pessoas, a maioria donas de casa de meia idade. Apenas 5,78% dos respondentes participavam de algum programa, principalmente de caminhadas e atividades de alongamento. Houve consenso entre participantes ou não no que se refere a importância de iniciativas voltadas para o cuidado do corpo e atenção à saúde, de modo geral. Entretanto, as dificuldades de acesso aos programas da UBS e a falta de opções no serviço público de saúde foram apontados como os principais impedimentos para um maior envolvimento da população local.

Partimos desde el concepto de práctica corporal comprendida como práctica de salud y cuidado para identificar el perfil de las personas que participan o no de programas y actividades en Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS) en el distrito Butantã, municipalidad de São Paulo. Un cuestionario semi-estructurado fue aplicado en 1090 personas, la mayoría amas de casa de mediana edad. Solo 5,78% de los respondientes participaban de algún programa, sobre todo de caminadas y actividades de estiramiento. Hubo consenso entre participantes o no sobre la importancia de las iniciativas para el cuidado del cuerpo y atención en salud, de modo general. Todavía, las dificultades de acceso a los programas de la UBS y la falta de opciones en el servicio público de salud fueron identificadas como los principales impedimentos para una mayor participación de la populación local.

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Há evidências de que o estilo de vida sedentário afeta 40 a 80% da população brasileira. Gênero, idade, condição de saúde, nível sócio-econômico e escolaridade estão associados aos maiores índices de inatividade física. Parte desse resultado pode ser creditada a barreiras individuais e ambientais que dificultam a prática de atividade física (AF). Devido às características, as Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) são locais privilegiados para promoção da saúde mediante AF, uma vez que minimizam parte das barreiras presentes em grupos populacionais sujeitos à inatividade física. O objetivo deste estudo é compartilhar evidências acumuladas ao longo de 6 anos de existência de um programa de AF desenvolvido em UBS no município de Rio Claro-SP. Os resultados do programa se mostraram efetivos em melhorar o desempenho de alguns componentes da aptidão funcional, metabolismo de lipídios e glicose, estados de ânimo e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde dos participantes. Tendo em vista os resultados apresentados e a presença de UBS na grande maioria dos municípios brasileiros, acreditamos que a implantação de um programa desta natureza seja uma iniciativa viável tanto do ponto de vista social quanto de promoção da saúde.

There are evidences that sedentary life style affects 40-80% of the Brazilian population. Gender, age, health condition, social-economic level and schooling are linked to the highest physical inactivity contents. Part of this result may be due to individual and environmental barriers which make the practice of physical activities (PA) difficult. Due to their characteristics, the Basic Health Units (BHU) are privileged places for health promotion through PA, once they minimize part of the existent barriers in groups of population subject to physical inactivity. The objective of this study is to share evidence accumulated along 6 years of existence of a PA program accomplished in a BHU in Rio Claro County - SP. The results of this program have shown effective in improving the performance of some components of functional aptitude, the metabolism of lipids and glucose, states of mood and life quality related to the health of the participants. Considering such results and the presence of BHU in most of te Brazilian Counties, we believe that the setting up of a program like this can be a viable initiative from both the social point of view and of health promotion.

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