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Abstract The study aimed to assess the influence of excessive use of a photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP) on the density, image noise, and contrast of radiographs. For that, radiographs of an acrylic block were acquired with a PSP of the Express intraoral system to assess the density and image noise. Initially, five images were obtained and exported (first group). After 400 exposures to X-rays and scannings of PSP, other five images were obtained and exported (second group). The same procedure was done after 800 (third group), 1200 (fourth group), 1600 (fifth group), and 2000 acquisitions (sixth group), resulting in 30 images to be evaluated. The mean and standard deviation of the gray values were calculated for the images using the ImageJ software. For contrast analysis, radiographs of an aluminum step-wedge were acquired with a new PSP following the same acquisition intervals. The percentage of contrast variation was calculated. Another two unused PSP receptors were employed to evaluate the method's reproducibility. The comparison of the results among the acquisition groups was performed with one-way Analysis of Variance (α=0.05). Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) assessed the reproducibility of the receptors. Image noise did not differ among the groups (p>0.05). There was a slight increase in density after 400 acquisitions and a slight difference in contrast for all acquisition groups without a pattern of increase or decrease (p<0.05). ICC showed excellent reliability for the methods. Therefore, excessive PSP use slightly affected the radiograph's density and contrast.
Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do uso excessivo de uma placa de fósforo fotoestimulável (PSP) na densidade, ruído e contraste das radiografias. Foram adquiridas radiografias de um bloco de acrílico com uma PSP do sistema intraoral Express para avaliar a densidade e o ruído da imagem. Inicialmente, cinco imagens foram obtidas e exportadas (primeiro grupo). Após 400 exposições aos raios X e escaneamentos, outras cinco imagens foram obtidas e exportadas (segundo grupo). O mesmo procedimento foi feito após 800 (terceiro grupo), 1200 (quarto grupo), 1600 (quinto grupo) e 2000 aquisições (sexto grupo), resultando em 30 imagens a serem avaliadas. A média e o desvio padrão dos valores de cinza foram calculados para as imagens usando o software ImageJ. Para análise de contraste, foram adquiridas radiografias de uma escala de alumínio com uma nova PSP seguindo os mesmos intervalos de aquisição. A porcentagem de variação do contraste foi calculada. Outras duas PSP sem uso prévio foram utilizadas para avaliar a reprodutibilidade dos métodos. A comparação dos resultados entre os grupos de aquisição foi realizada pela Análise de Variância one-way (α=0,05). O Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC) avaliou a reprodutibilidade dos receptores. O ruído da imagem não diferiu entre os grupos (p>0,05). Houve um leve aumento na densidade após 400 aquisições e uma pequena diferença no contraste para todos os grupos de aquisição sem padrão de aumento ou diminuição (p<0,05). O ICC mostrou excelente confiabilidade para os métodos. Portanto, o uso excessivo da PSP afetou levemente a densidade e o contraste radiográfico.
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ABSTRACT Background: The long-term effects of schistosomiasis on the glomerulus may contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to investigate baseline Schistosoma mansoni-Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA) levels and their association with kidney biomarkers related to podocyte injury and inflammation in long-term follow-up after praziquantel (PZQ) treatment. Methods: Schistosoma infection was diagnosed by detecting CAA in urine using a quantitative assay based on lateral flow using luminescent up-converting phosphor reporter particles. A cutoff threshold of 0.1 pg/mL CAA was used to diagnose Schistosoma infection (baseline) in a low-prevalence area in Ceará, Northeast, Brazil. Two groups were included: CAA-positive and CAA-negative individuals, both of which received a single dose of PZQ at baseline. Urinary samples from 55 individuals were evaluated before (baseline) and at 1, 2, and 3 years after PZQ treatment. At all time points, kidney biomarkers were quantified in urine and adjusted for urinary creatinine levels. Results: CAA-positive patients had increased baseline albuminuria and proteinuria and showed greater associations between kidney biomarkers. CAA levels correlated only with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) (podocyte injury) levels. Increasing trends were observed for malondialdehyde (oxidative stress), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (inflammation marker), and VEGF. In the follow-up analysis, no relevant differences were observed in kidney biomarkers between the groups and different periods. Conclusions: S. mansoni-infected individuals presented subclinical signs of glomerular damage that may reflect podocyte injury. However, no causal effect on long-term renal function was observed after PZQ treatment.
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The low availability of phosphorus and water in soil can promote the remobilization of carbohydrates in the plant, releasing energy to mitigate stress. In this context, our objective was to analyze the production and allocation of carbohydrates in plants of Carapa guianensis Aubl. submitted to different doses of phosphate fertilization, during the rainy and dry seasons, in the western region of Pará. We used three phosphorus dosages (0, 50, 250 kg ha−1) as treatments. We evaluated the plants during the dry and wet seasons. We quantified dry matter production, phosphorus content, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, and starch. Phosphate fertilization and different evaluation periods influenced carbohydrate concentrations (p < 0.05) in plants. The highest levels of P in the leaves were registered in October and, in the roots the content decreased with the passage of time in all treatments. The control had higher dry matter production in leaves and stems. During the dry season, there was an accumulation of carbohydrates in plants and a low production of dry matter. Soluble sugars and sucrose tended to be allocated to the stem, reducing sugars to the leaves and starch to the roots, in most periods. In general, C. guianensis seedlings were not very responsive to phosphorus addition.
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Silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves of SAPO-11 type (AEL structure) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, from the residue of a fluorescent lamp as a source or Si, Al, and P in the presence of water and di-propyamine (DPA) as an organic template. To adjust the P2O5/SiO2 and Si/Al and ratios, specific amounts of silica, alumina, or alumina hydroxide and orthophosphoric acid were added to obtain a gel with molar chemical composition 1.0 Al2O3:1.0 P2O5:1.2 DPA:0.3 SiO2:120 H2O. The syntheses were carried out at a temperature of 473 K at crystallization times of 24, 48, and 72 h. The fluorescent lamp residue and the obtained samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and BET surface area analysis using nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The presence of fluorapatite was detected as the main crystalline phase in the residue, jointly with considered amounts of silica, alumina, and phosphorus in oxide forms. The SAPO-11 prepared using aluminum hydroxide as Al source, P2O5/SiO2 molar ratio of 3.6 and Si/Al ratio of 0.14, at crystallization time of 72 h, achieves a yield of 75% with a surface area of 113 m2/g, showing that the residue from a fluorescent lamp is an alternative source for development of new materials based on Si, Al, and P.
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OBJECTIVES: To assess, objectively to determine the deterioration of the photostimulable phosphor plates (PSPs) after several acquisitions. METHODS: Two new PSPs without preliminary use were exposed with an intraoral X-ray unit, and the EXPRESS® (Instrumentarium Imaging, Tuusula, Finland) unit was used for scanning of the PSPs. A 12-stepwedge aluminum scale were used superimposed with the PSPs during the X-rays exposures to perform the objective analyses. Objective analysis was carried out by mean gray values using the Image J software through a region of interest (ROI) of 0.1 × 0.1 mm, and the data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA. RESULTS: For each, the Express® PSP a total of 1800 images were acquired during 60 days. The objective analysis showed loss of the mean gray values between the initial and final images. Besides, the percentage of mean gray values' loss was between 0.7%, for the thickest step, and 8.4%, for the lowest thickness step. CONCLUSION: After many X-ray exposures of the Express® PSP a singular deterioration in the mean gray values could be observed.
Assuntos
Radiografia Dentária Digital , Ecrans Intensificadores para Raios XRESUMO
Objetivou-se avaliar o cultivo de amendoim em função da adubação fosfatada e potássica na semeadura e do espaçamento entre plantas, em regime de sequeiro e irrigação por gotejamento no Cariri-CE. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em bloco ao acaso, em esquema de parcela subdividida com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelas doses de adubação com K e P de semeadura (0, 50, 100 e 150% da dose recomendada) e as subparcelas por dois espaçamentos entre plantas (10 e 20 cm). As variáveis avaliadas foram população inicial, população final, altura da planta, massa de grãos por planta, número de vagens por planta, massa de vagens por planta, massa de grãos por vagens, massa de1000 grãos e massa de 100 vagens, produtividade de vagens, produtividade de grãos e porcentagem de grãos não comerciais. Os resultados demonstraram que o sistema sequeiro e irrigação influenciaram na produção do amendoim e a adubação no número vagens e a massa de vagens por planta foram significativas obtendo o ponto de máxima nas doses de 82,58 e 80,37%, respectivamente. O espaçamento de 20 cm ampliou a produtividade de grãos por plantas e a massa de 1000 grãos em 10,77% e 14,8% respectivamente.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the cultivation of peanuts as a function of phosphate and potassium fertilization in sowing and spacing between plants, in dry land and drip irrigation in Cariri-CE. A randomized block design was used in a split-plot scheme with four replications. The plots consisted of the fertilization doses with K and P of sowing (0,50, 100 and 150% of the recommended dose) and the subplots by two spacings between plants (10 and 20cm). The variables evaluated were initial population, final population, plant height, grain mass per plant, number of pods per plant, pod mass per plant, grain mass per pods, mass of 1000 grains and mass of 100 pods, pod yield, grain yield and percentage of non-commercial grains. The results showed that the dry sequeiro and irrigation system influenced the production of peanuts and fertilization in the number of pods and the mass of pods per plant were significant, obtaining the maximum point at doses of 82.58 and 80.37%, respectively. The spacing of 20 cm increased grain yield by plants and the mass of 1000 grains by 10.77% and 14.8%, respectively.
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Arachis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Arachis/efeitos dos fármacos , Fósforo/administração & dosagem , Irrigação Agrícola , Potássio/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Objetivou-se avaliar o cultivo de amendoim em função da adubação fosfatada e potássica na semeadura e do espaçamento entre plantas, em regime de sequeiro e irrigação por gotejamento no Cariri-CE. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em bloco ao acaso, em esquema de parcela subdividida com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelas doses de adubação com K e P de semeadura (0, 50, 100 e 150% da dose recomendada) e as subparcelas por dois espaçamentos entre plantas (10 e 20 cm). As variáveis avaliadas foram população inicial, população final, altura da planta, massa de grãos por planta, número de vagens por planta, massa de vagens por planta, massa de grãos por vagens, massa de1000 grãos e massa de 100 vagens, produtividade de vagens, produtividade de grãos e porcentagem de grãos não comerciais. Os resultados demonstraram que o sistema sequeiro e irrigação influenciaram na produção do amendoim e a adubação no número vagens e a massa de vagens por planta foram significativas obtendo o ponto de máxima nas doses de 82,58 e 80,37%, respectivamente. O espaçamento de 20 cm ampliou a produtividade de grãos por plantas e a massa de 1000 grãos em 10,77% e 14,8% respectivamente.(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the cultivation of peanuts as a function of phosphate and potassium fertilization in sowing and spacing between plants, in dry land and drip irrigation in Cariri-CE. A randomized block design was used in a split-plot scheme with four replications. The plots consisted of the fertilization doses with K and P of sowing (0,50, 100 and 150% of the recommended dose) and the subplots by two spacings between plants (10 and 20cm). The variables evaluated were initial population, final population, plant height, grain mass per plant, number of pods per plant, pod mass per plant, grain mass per pods, mass of 1000 grains and mass of 100 pods, pod yield, grain yield and percentage of non-commercial grains. The results showed that the dry sequeiro and irrigation system influenced the production of peanuts and fertilization in the number of pods and the mass of pods per plant were significant, obtaining the maximum point at doses of 82.58 and 80.37%, respectively. The spacing of 20 cm increased grain yield by plants and the mass of 1000 grains by 10.77% and 14.8%, respectively.(AU)
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Arachis/efeitos dos fármacos , Arachis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fósforo/administração & dosagem , Potássio/administração & dosagem , Irrigação AgrícolaRESUMO
Techniques with high sensitivity and specificity are required for an accurate diagnosis in low-transmission settings, where the conventional parasitological methods are insensitive. We determined the accuracy of an up-converting phosphor-lateral flow circulating anodic antigen (UCP-LF CAA) assay in urine and serum for Schistosoma mansoni diagnosis in low-prevalence settings in Ceará, Brazil, before and after praziquantel treatment. Clinical samples of a total of 258 individuals were investigated by UCP-LF CAA, point-of-care-circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA), soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP)-ELISA and Kato-Katz (KK); a selection of 128 stools by real-time PCR technique. Three and 6-weeks after treatment, samples were collected and evaluated by detection Schistosoma circulating antigens (CAA and CCA). The UCP-LF CAA assays detected 80 positives (31%) with urine and 82 positives (31.8%) with serum. The urine POC-CCA and serum SWAP-ELISA assays detected 30 (11.6%) and 107 (40.7%) positives, respectively. The Kato-Katz technique revealed only 4 positive stool samples (1.6%). Among the 128 individuals with complete data records, 19 cases were identified by PCR (14.8%); Sensitivities and specificities of the UCP-LF CAA assays, determined versus a combined reference standard based on CCA/KK/PCR positivity, ranged from 60-68% to 68-77%, respectively. In addition only for comparative purposes, sensitivities of the different assays were determined vs. a comparative reference based on CAA/KK/PCR positivity, showing the highest sensitivity for the urine CAA assay (80%), followed by the serum CAA (70.9%), SWAP-ELISA (43.6%), PCR (34.5%), POC-CCA (29.1%), whilst triplicate Kato-Katz thick smears had a very low sensitivity (3.6%). CAA concentrations were higher in serum than in urine and were significantly correlated. There was a significant decrease in urine and serum CAA levels 3 and 6-weeks after treatment. The UCP-LF CAA assays revealed 33 and 28 S. mansoni-infected patients at the 3- and 6-week post-treatment follow-up, respectively. The UCP-LF CAA assays show high sensitivity for the diagnosis of S. mansoni in low-endemicity settings. It detects a considerably higher number of infections than microscopy, POC-CCA or PCR. Also it shows to be very useful for evaluating cure rates after treatment. Hence, the UCP-LF CAA assay is a robust and promising diagnostic approach in low-transmission settings.
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Antígenos de Helmintos/imunologia , Testes Imunológicos , Schistosoma mansoni/imunologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/diagnóstico , Esquistossomose mansoni/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Antígenos de Helmintos/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Testes Imunológicos/métodos , Testes Imunológicos/normas , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Schistosoma mansoni/genética , Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/parasitologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the influence of delayed scanning on images obtained with two PSPs digital systems and on the diagnostic accuracy of vertical root fracture (VRF) by means of objective and subjective analyses. METHODOLOGY: Forty single-rooted human teeth were divided into two groups, one without VRFs and another with VRFs induced by a universal testing machine. Two digital systems (VistaScan(®) and Express(®) ) were used to radiograph all teeth, and the resulting plates were scanned at four time-points: T0-immediately, T1-30 min, T2-2 h and T3-4 h after exposure. An aluminium (Al) wedge was used to evaluate the change in mean grey values as each scan was delayed. Three observers screened all images for VRFs, and one-fourth of the sample was revaluated after thirty days. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values were compared by anova. RESULTS: Intra- and interobserver agreement ranged from moderate to substantial and fair to moderate, respectively. There was no significant difference amongst scan delays with regard to sensitivity, specificity and accuracy; however, there were significant differences in the area under the ROC curve, with the 4-h delayed scan being associated with lower values compared to the others (P = 0.019). As for objective analysis, there was a significant difference amongst all different scanning time-points for the two systems (P = 0.001), except between the 30-min and 2-h delayed scans in the VistaScan(®) system. CONCLUSION: Whilst delayed scanning caused changes to the density of images acquired with the systems studied, it did not seem to interfere with VRF diagnosis except when scanning was delayed for 4 h, which should therefore be avoided.
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Radiografia Dentária Digital , Fraturas dos Dentes/diagnóstico por imagem , Raiz Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Background: The animal is tremendously challenged to maintain calcium homeostasis. Those that fail can develop milk fever, a clinical disorder that is life threatening to the cow and predisposes the animal to a variety of other disorders. Calcium defi ciency disease is often accompanied with a defi ciency in phosphorus in clinical cases. Blood phosphorus status has also been researched because of the prominent interaction between calcium and phosphorus at the onset of lactation. Calcium chloride can be used to treat milk fever but it has some inadequacies such as it is soluble in water and may cause gastrointestinal irritation. To help prevent milk fever in dairy cows, we studied a calcium-phosphor-plural gel based on calcium chloride. Meanwhile, calcium chloride polymer compound added to gel, forming calcium-phosphor-plural gel, would greatly reduce the irritation. Materials, Methods & Results: Preparation of calcium-phosphor-plural gel: calcium chloride gel and calcium acid phosphate gel were mixed and grinded in a colloid burnisher (pH 7.0-7.4) and contained 21.5 mg/mL calcium and 16.4 mg/mL phosphorus. The results of the hot storage stability test, cold storage stability test, illumination test and acceleration test showed that the calcium-phosphor-plural gel did not change compared with before the tests. In safety testing, mice administered with calcium-phosphor-plural gel (less than 0.8 mL/20 g bodyweight) for 7 days did not show signs of toxicosis and pathological changes in tissues. The effect of the calcium-phosphor-plural gel on milk fever was also tested in dairy cows. The incidence rates of the calcium-phosphor-plural gel group were not signifi cantly different compared with the calcium chloride group (P > 0.05). Moreover, the calcium and phosphorus concentrations of the calcium-phosphor-plural gel group were signifi cantly higher than those in the calcium chloride group at 0, 2, 6, 24 and 72 h after calving (P < 0.05). After 72 h, the level of the phosphorus in serum in the test cows and in the control cows gradually returned to normal. The results showed that the calcium-phosphor-plural gel affected the calcium and phosphorus levels in serum and prevented milk fever in dairy cows after calving. Discussion: We used the calcium-phosphor-plural gel to prevent milk fever in dairy cows. If the calcium chloride was used to prevent milk fever in dairy cows, an intravenous injection of 5% calcium chloride after calving could increase the content of calcium in blood, and could prevent the paralysis of production due to pure hypocalcaemia. However, because of hypocalcaemia associated with hypophosphatemia, an intravenous injection of 5% calcium chloride after calving might not achieve the desired effect. To achieve a desired effect, multiple treatments may be necessary in clinical situations. This would not only increase the cost of treatment, but also increase the possibility of side effects with the use of large doses of calcium. The use of large doses of calcium would dramatically increase the concentration of calcium in blood and cause neurological disorders, or would strongly stimulate heart and cause cardiac failure or other adverse consequences, especially with rapid intravenous injection. However, the calcium- phosphor-plural gel avoids the inadequacies of calcium chloride in prevention of milk fever in dairy cows. Importantly, the calciumphosphor-plural gel could increase the content of phosphorus in the serum and adjust the balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body.
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Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Paresia Puerperal/tratamento farmacológico , Cloreto de Cálcio/análise , Fosfatos de Cálcio , Doenças dos Bovinos , BovinosRESUMO
Background: The animal is tremendously challenged to maintain calcium homeostasis. Those that fail can develop milk fever, a clinical disorder that is life threatening to the cow and predisposes the animal to a variety of other disorders. Calcium deficiency disease is often accompanied with a deficiency in phosphorus in clinical cases. Blood phosphorus status has also been researched because of the prominent interaction between calcium and phosphorus at the onset of lactation. Calcium chloride can be used to treat milk fever but it has some inadequacies such as it is soluble in water and may cause gastrointestinal irritation. To help prevent milk fever in dairy cows, we studied a calcium-phosphor-plural gel based on calcium chloride. Meanwhile, calcium chloride polymer compound added to gel, forming calcium-phosphor-plural gel, would greatly reduce the irritation. Materials, Methods & Results: Preparation of calcium-phosphor-plural gel: calcium chloride gel and calcium acid phosphate gel were mixed and grinded in a colloid burnisher (pH 7.0-7.4) and contained 21.5 mg/mL calcium and 16.4 mg/mL phosphorus. The results of the hot storage stability test, cold storage stability test, illumination test and acceleration test showed that the calcium-phosphor-plural gel did not change compared with before the tests. In safety testing, mice administered with calcium-phosphor-plural g
Background: The animal is tremendously challenged to maintain calcium homeostasis. Those that fail can develop milk fever, a clinical disorder that is life threatening to the cow and predisposes the animal to a variety of other disorders. Calcium deficiency disease is often accompanied with a deficiency in phosphorus in clinical cases. Blood phosphorus status has also been researched because of the prominent interaction between calcium and phosphorus at the onset of lactation. Calcium chloride can be used to treat milk fever but it has some inadequacies such as it is soluble in water and may cause gastrointestinal irritation. To help prevent milk fever in dairy cows, we studied a calcium-phosphor-plural gel based on calcium chloride. Meanwhile, calcium chloride polymer compound added to gel, forming calcium-phosphor-plural gel, would greatly reduce the irritation. Materials, Methods & Results: Preparation of calcium-phosphor-plural gel: calcium chloride gel and calcium acid phosphate gel were mixed and grinded in a colloid burnisher (pH 7.0-7.4) and contained 21.5 mg/mL calcium and 16.4 mg/mL phosphorus. The results of the hot storage stability test, cold storage stability test, illumination test and acceleration test showed that the calcium-phosphor-plural gel did not change compared with before the tests. In safety testing, mice administered with calcium-phosphor-plural g
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Background: The animal is tremendously challenged to maintain calcium homeostasis. Those that fail can develop milk fever, a clinical disorder that is life threatening to the cow and predisposes the animal to a variety of other disorders. Calcium deficiency disease is often accompanied with a deficiency in phosphorus in clinical cases. Blood phosphorus status has also been researched because of the prominent interaction between calcium and phosphorus at the onset of lactation. Calcium chloride can be used to treat milk fever but it has some inadequacies such as it is soluble in water and may cause gastrointestinal irritation. To help prevent milk fever in dairy cows, we studied a calcium-phosphor-plural gel based on calcium chloride. Meanwhile, calcium chloride polymer compound added to gel, forming calcium-phosphor-plural gel, would greatly reduce the irritation. Materials, Methods & Results: Preparation of calcium-phosphor-plural gel: calcium chloride gel and calcium acid phosphate gel were mixed and grinded in a colloid burnisher (pH 7.0-7.4) and contained 21.5 mg/mL calcium and 16.4 mg/mL phosphorus. The results of the hot storage stability test, cold storage stability test, illumination test and acceleration test showed that the calcium-phosphor-plural gel did not change compared with before the tests. In safety testing, mice administered with calcium-phosphor-plural g
Background: The animal is tremendously challenged to maintain calcium homeostasis. Those that fail can develop milk fever, a clinical disorder that is life threatening to the cow and predisposes the animal to a variety of other disorders. Calcium deficiency disease is often accompanied with a deficiency in phosphorus in clinical cases. Blood phosphorus status has also been researched because of the prominent interaction between calcium and phosphorus at the onset of lactation. Calcium chloride can be used to treat milk fever but it has some inadequacies such as it is soluble in water and may cause gastrointestinal irritation. To help prevent milk fever in dairy cows, we studied a calcium-phosphor-plural gel based on calcium chloride. Meanwhile, calcium chloride polymer compound added to gel, forming calcium-phosphor-plural gel, would greatly reduce the irritation. Materials, Methods & Results: Preparation of calcium-phosphor-plural gel: calcium chloride gel and calcium acid phosphate gel were mixed and grinded in a colloid burnisher (pH 7.0-7.4) and contained 21.5 mg/mL calcium and 16.4 mg/mL phosphorus. The results of the hot storage stability test, cold storage stability test, illumination test and acceleration test showed that the calcium-phosphor-plural gel did not change compared with before the tests. In safety testing, mice administered with calcium-phosphor-plural g
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the detection of enamel-dentin occlusal caries using photostimulable phosphor plates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The ability to detect enamel-dentin occlusal caries in 607 premolars and molars from 47 patients between 10 and 18 years old, referred to the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, was evaluated based on clinical and radiographic examinations, using the criteria proposed in a previous study. A total of 156 bitewing digital images were obtained using Digora® (Soredex Medical Systems, Helsinki, Finland) phosphor plates. The plates were scanned and the images were captured and displayed on a computer screen. Image evaluation was done using Digora® for Windows 2.1 software, Soredex®. The radiologists were allowed to use enhancement tools to obtain better visibility during scoring of the teeth based on the radiographic criteria proposed in a previous study. Descriptive analysis and chi-squared proportion tests were done at 5 percent significance level. RESULTS: The results of clinical examination showed a higher prevalence of teeth with a straight dark line or demineralization of the occlusal fissure (score 1) and a lower prevalence of sealed teeth (score 5). In the bitewing digital images, 47 teeth presented visible radiolucency, circumscribed, in dentin under occlusal enamel (enamel-dentin caries lesions). CONCLUSIONS: Correlating the clinical and radiographic findings, it was found that in the majority of teeth diagnosed by radiographic images as having enamel-dentin caries, no caries could be detected by clinical examination.
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Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Cárie Dentária , Fósforo , Radiografia Dentária Digital/métodos , Distribuição por Idade , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Esmalte Dentário , Dentina/patologia , Dentina , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Radiografia Interproximal , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Distribuição por Sexo , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
This ex vivo study evaluated the quality of digital radiographic images obtained with the photostimulable phosphor plate system (Digora) according to the processing delay and maintenance of optical plates in either opaque (supplied with the system) or transparent protective plastic cases during this period. Five radiographs were obtained from the mandibular molar region of a dry human mandible using optical plates. These plates were placed in the protective plastic cases before obtaining the radiographs and were processed immediately or after processing delays of 5, 60 and 120 min, when the case was removed. The results revealed a reduction in image quality when processing was delay 120 min compared to the other times. The opaque case provided better protection to the sensor than the transparent case. In conclusion, a 120-min processing delay for the Digora system caused a reduction in image quality, yet without interfering with the quality of diagnosis. The opaque case supplied by the system's manufacturer provided better protection to the optical plate than the transparent case.
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Humanos , Radiografia Dentária Digital/instrumentação , Radiografia Dentária Digital/métodos , Ecrans Intensificadores para Raios X , Cadáver , Mandíbula , Plásticos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of indirect digitized radiographic images taken during endodontic procedures and to compare the measurements recorded with this technique to those obtained from conventional radiographs. Two-hundred conventional periapical radiographs taken at the undergraduate Endodontics Clinic of the Dental School of Bauru were digitized. The conventional and indirect digitized images were compared by three examiners as to the quality and accuracy of the measurements recorded during endodontic treatment, in canal length determination, gutta-percha adaptation, lateral condensation and final obturation. The conventional radiographs were observed on a film viewer, surrounded by a dark card, and measured with magnifying glass and a millimeter ruler; the indirect digitized images were evaluated on the Digora® for Windows software, with free utilization of the bright/contrast tool. Unlike the conventional radiographic images, all indirect digitized images were considered as having a high quality. The distance between the filling material and the root apex was 0.117 mm larger, on average, for the Digora® system (p<0.01). The measurements achieved by the investigated radiographic methods were clinically similar and they are thus equivalent. Changes in brightness and contrast of the images using Digora®software improved the diagnosis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cavidade Pulpar , Tratamento do Canal Radicular , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica/métodos , Radiografia Dentária Digital/métodos , Guta-Percha/uso terapêutico , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Tecido Periapical , Radiografia Interproximal/métodos , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Obturação do Canal Radicular/métodos , Preparo de Canal Radicular/métodos , Software , Ápice Dentário , Filme para Raios XRESUMO
Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar rações com dois níveis de proteína bruta (PB) sem e com suplementação de fitase, sobre o desempenho da tilápia do Nilo na terminação, e teve duração de 74 dias. Foram utilizados 60 peixes com peso vivo inicial de 274,39 + ou - 13,50 g, distribuídos em um delineamento em esquema fatorial 2 x 2, com dois níveis de fitase [0 e 500 UF (unidades de fitase)/kg de ração] e dois níveis de PB (25 e 28) em 12 tanques com volume unitário útil de 800 L. Os melhores resultados de ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e taxa de eficiência protéica, rendimento de carcaça, sobrevivência, cálcio e fósforo (P) nos ossos e para os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da PB e do P, foram obtidos com a ração contendo 28 PB suplementada com fitase. A suplementação de fitase, independentemente do nível de PB da ração, reduziu a excreção de nitrogênio e P pelos peixes. Concluiu-se que para a tilápia do Nilo na terminação, a ração com 28 de PB suplementada com fitase proporciona os melhores resultados.
Assuntos
Animais , Ciclídeos , /uso terapêutico , Fósforo na Dieta/uso terapêutico , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar rações com dois níveis de proteína bruta (PB) sem e com suplementação de fitase, sobre o desempenho da tilápia do Nilo na terminação, e teve duração de 74 dias. Foram utilizados 60 peixes com peso vivo inicial de 274,39 + ou - 13,50 g, distribuídos em um delineamento em esquema fatorial 2 x 2, com dois níveis de fitase [0 e 500 UF (unidades de fitase)/kg de ração] e dois níveis de PB (25 e 28%) em 12 tanques com volume unitário útil de 800 L. Os melhores resultados de ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e taxa de eficiência protéica, rendimento de carcaça, sobrevivência, cálcio e fósforo (P) nos ossos e para os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da PB e do P, foram obtidos com a ração contendo 28% PB suplementada com fitase. A suplementação de fitase, independentemente do nível de PB da ração, reduziu a excreção de nitrogênio e P pelos peixes. Concluiu-se que para a tilápia do Nilo na terminação, a ração com 28% de PB suplementada com fitase proporciona os melhores resultados.(AU)
This work was undertaken out to evaluate rations with two crude protein (CP) levels without and supplemented with phytase on the performance of fi nishing ration to Nile tilapia and it lasted 74 days. There have been used 60 fishes with initial body weight of 274.39 ± 13.50 g distributed in a factorial scheme 2 x 2, with 2 levels of phytase supplementation [0; 500 PU (phytase unit)/ kg ration] and two levels of CP (25; 28 %), distributed into 12 fi berglass tanks (800- L each). The best results of weight gain, feed conversion, protein effi ciency ratio, carcass yield, survival, bone calcium and phosphorous and for apparent digestibility coeffi cients of CP and phosphorous were obtained with 28% CP ration supplemented with phytase. Independently of CP levels in the ration, phytase supplementation reduced the nitrogen and phosphorous excretion. It was concluded that the best results of performance of fi nished Nile tilapia was obtained with 28% CP and phytase supplemented diet.(AU)
El trabajo fue realizado para evaluar raciones con dos niveles de proteína cruda (PC), sin y con suplementación de la fitasa sobre el desempeño de la tilapia del Nilo, en terminación. Fueron utilizados 60 peces con peso vivo inicial medio de 274,39 ± 13,50 g , distribuidos en el delineamento en esquema factorial 2 x 2, sin y con suplementación de fi tasa [0; 500 UF (unidad de fi tasa)/ kg de ración] y dos niveles de PC (25; 28 %) en 12 estanques con volumen útil unitario de 800 l. Los mejores resultados de ganancia en peso, conversión alimenticia y tasa de efi ciencia proteica, rendimiento en carcasa, sobrevivencia, calcio y fósforo (P) en los huesos y para los coefi cientes de digestibilidad aparente de PC y del P fueron obtenidos con la ración contiendo 28 % PC suplementada con fi tasa. La suplementación de fi tasa, independentemiente del nivel de PC de la ración, redució la excreción de nitrógeno y P por los peces. Se concluyó que para la tilapia del Nilo, en terminación, ración con 28 % de PC suplementada con fi tasa proporciona los mejores resultados de desempeño.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ração Animal/análise , Ciclídeos/fisiologia , Fósforo na Dieta/uso terapêutico , 6-Fitase/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Com o intuito de ampliar pesquisa anteriormente feita, o presente trabalho destinou-se a verificar o teor de fósforo em presunto cozido e em produtos afins fabricados em vinte e sete estabelecimentos localizados em São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Cata rina e Rio Grande do Sul, região onde se concentra a indústria de carnes su inas do Brasil. Foi examinado um total de 222 amostras, sendo 199 de presunto cozido e 113 de produtos afins (presunto magro, batido ou dinamarquês). A secagem até peso constante foi realizada em estufa a 105°C ou pela balança acoplada com aparelho de radiação infravermelha e a determinação do fósforo, com resultados em P,05' foi realizada pelo método do ácido fosfomolíbico, ligeiramente modificado pelos autores (AU).