RESUMO
Leaf peach curl is a devastating disease affecting leaves, flowers and fruits, caused by the dimorphic fungus Taphrina deformans. To gain insight into the mechanisms of fungus pathogenesis and plant responses, leaves of a resistant and two susceptible Prunus persica genotypes were inoculated with blastospores (yeast), and the infection was monitored during 120 h post inoculation (h.p.i.). Fungal dimorphism to the filamentous form and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), callose synthesis, cell death and defence compound production were observed independently of the genotype. Fungal load significantly decreased after 120 h.p.i. in the resistant genotype, while the pathogen tended to grow in the susceptible genotypes. Metabolic profiling revealed a biphasic re-programming of plant tissue in susceptible genotypes, with an initial stage co-incident with the yeast form of the fungus and a second when the hypha is developed. Transcriptional analysis of PRs and plant hormone-related genes indicated that pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are involved in P. persica defence responses against T. deformans and that salicylic acid is induced in the resistant genotype. Conducted experiments allowed the elucidation of common and differential responses in susceptible versus resistant genotypes and thus allow us to construct a picture of early events during T. deformans infection.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Resistência à Doença/genética , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Prunus persica/genética , Prunus persica/microbiologia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Genótipo , Metaboloma , Metabolômica , Modelos Biológicos , Pigmentos Biológicos/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Análise de Componente Principal , Prunus persica/imunologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismoRESUMO
Cultivar characterization for fruit trees certification requires fast, efficient and reliable techniques. Microsatellite markers (SSR) were used in the molecular characterization of 29 Prunus spp. rootstocks. The DNA from the rootstocks was analyzed using five pre-selected SSR primers (UDP96-005, UDP96-008, UDP96-013, UDP96-18 and UDP98-414) and revealed 81 alleles, which allowed each genotype to be identified. The UDP96-005 marker generated the most information, i.e., 23 well-distributed, polymorphic alleles among all genotypes. The 21 polymorphisms produced by UDP96-013 occurred mainly as a result of high degree of variability among genotypes of the Prunophora subgenus. In the dendrogram, the five markers allowed the 29 rootstocks to be grouped into subgroups corresponding to the subgenus they belong to, either Prunophora or Amygdalus. Suitable cophenetic correlation coefficient (r=0.82) and good bootstrapping fitting value among the Prunophora subgroup cultivars were obtained. SSR markers proved to be efficient and reliable for the molecular characterization of Prunus spp. rootostocks.
A caracterização de cultivares na produção de mudas certificadas exige técnicas rápidas, eficientes e confiáveis. Marcadores microssatélites (SSR) foram utilizados objetivando a caracterização molecular de 29 porta-enxertos de Prunus spp. O DNA dos porta-enxertos foi analisado utilizando cinco primers SSR pré-selecionados (UDP96-005, UDP96-008, UDP96-013, UDP96-18 e UDP98-414) e revelaram um total de 81 alelos que permitiram individualizar cada um dos genótipos. UDP96-005 foi o marcador que produziu o maior número de informação, 23 alelos polimórficos bem distribuídos entre todos os genótipos. Os 21 polimorfismos produzidos por UDP96-013 ocorreram principalmente pelo elevado grau de variabilidade entre genótipos do subgênero Prunophora. Os cinco marcadores permitiram a separação dos 29 porta-enxertos, no dendrograma, em subgrupos correspondentes aos subgêneros a que pertencem, Prunophora e Amygdalus. Foram obtidos valores adequados para o coeficiente de correlação cofenética (r = 0,82) e de "bootstrapping" entre os cultivares do subgrupo Prunophora. Os SSR são eficientes e confiáveis para a caracterização molecular de porta-enxertos de Prunus spp.
RESUMO
Cultivar characterization for fruit trees certification requires fast, efficient and reliable techniques. Microsatellite markers (SSR) were used in the molecular characterization of 29 Prunus spp. rootstocks. The DNA from the rootstocks was analyzed using five pre-selected SSR primers (UDP96-005, UDP96-008, UDP96-013, UDP96-18 and UDP98-414) and revealed 81 alleles, which allowed each genotype to be identified. The UDP96-005 marker generated the most information, i.e., 23 well-distributed, polymorphic alleles among all genotypes. The 21 polymorphisms produced by UDP96-013 occurred mainly as a result of high degree of variability among genotypes of the Prunophora subgenus. In the dendrogram, the five markers allowed the 29 rootstocks to be grouped into subgroups corresponding to the subgenus they belong to, either Prunophora or Amygdalus. Suitable cophenetic correlation coefficient (r=0.82) and good bootstrapping fitting value among the Prunophora subgroup cultivars were obtained. SSR markers proved to be efficient and reliable for the molecular characterization of Prunus spp. rootostocks.
A caracterização de cultivares na produção de mudas certificadas exige técnicas rápidas, eficientes e confiáveis. Marcadores microssatélites (SSR) foram utilizados objetivando a caracterização molecular de 29 porta-enxertos de Prunus spp. O DNA dos porta-enxertos foi analisado utilizando cinco primers SSR pré-selecionados (UDP96-005, UDP96-008, UDP96-013, UDP96-18 e UDP98-414) e revelaram um total de 81 alelos que permitiram individualizar cada um dos genótipos. UDP96-005 foi o marcador que produziu o maior número de informação, 23 alelos polimórficos bem distribuídos entre todos os genótipos. Os 21 polimorfismos produzidos por UDP96-013 ocorreram principalmente pelo elevado grau de variabilidade entre genótipos do subgênero Prunophora. Os cinco marcadores permitiram a separação dos 29 porta-enxertos, no dendrograma, em subgrupos correspondentes aos subgêneros a que pertencem, Prunophora e Amygdalus. Foram obtidos valores adequados para o coeficiente de correlação cofenética (r = 0,82) e de "bootstrapping" entre os cultivares do subgrupo Prunophora. Os SSR são eficientes e confiáveis para a caracterização molecular de porta-enxertos de Prunus spp.