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Abstract Introduction: Endoscopic orbital surgery is a nascent field and new tools are required to assist with surgical planning and to ascertain the limits of the tumor resectability. Objective: We purpose to utilize three-dimensional radiographic reconstruction to define the theoretical lateral limit of endoscopic resectability of primary orbital tumors and to apply these boundary conditions to surgical cases. Methods: A three-dimensional orbital model was rendered in 4 representative patients presenting with primary orbital tumors using OsiriX open source imaging software. A 2-Dimensional plane was propagated between the contralateral nare and a line tangential to the long axis of the optic nerve reflecting the trajectory of a trans-septal approach. Any tumor volume falling medial to the optic nerve and/or within the space inferior to this plane of resectability was considered theoretically resectable regardless of how far it extended lateral to the optic nerve as nerve retraction would be unnecessary. Actual tumor volumes were then superimposed over this plan and correlated with surgical outcomes. Results: Among the 4 lesions analyzed, two were fully medial to the optic nerve, one extended lateral to the optic nerve but remained inferior to the plane of resectability, and one extended both lateral to the optic nerve and superior to the plane of resectability. As predicted by the three-dimensional modeling, a complete resection was achieved in all lesions except one that transgressed the plane of resectability. No new diplopia or vision loss was observed in any patient. Conclusion: Three-dimensional reconstruction enhances preoperative planning for endoscopic orbital surgery. Tumors that extend lateral to the optic nerve may still be candidates for a purely endoscopic resection as long as they do not extend above the plane of resectability described herein.

Resumo Introdução: A cirurgia orbital endoscópica é um campo emergente e são necessárias novas ferramentas para auxiliar no planejamento cirúrgico e determinar os limites da ressecabilidade tumoral. Objetivo: Usar a reconstrução radiográfica tridimensional para definir o limite lateral teórico de ressecabilidade endoscópica de tumores orbitais primários e aplicar essas condições de limites a casos cirúrgicos. Método: Um modelo orbital tridimensional foi aplicado a quatro pacientes representativos com tumores orbitais primários utilizando o software de imagem de fonte aberta OsiriX. Um plano bidimensional foi propagado entre a narina contralateral e uma linha tangencial ao eixo longo do nervo óptico que reflete a trajetória de uma abordagem transeptal. Qualquer volume de tumor situado medialmente ao nervo óptico e/ou dentro do espaço inferior a esse plano de ressecabilidade foi teoricamente considerado ressecável, independentemente de quão longe ele se estendia até o nervo óptico, pois a retração do nervo seria desnecessária. Os volumes reais do tumor foram então sobrepostos sobre esse plano e correlacionados com os resultados cirúrgicos. Resultados: Entre as quatro lesões analisadas, duas eram totalmente mediais ao nervo óptico, uma se estendia lateralmente ao nervo óptico, mas permaneceu inferior ao plano de ressecabilidade, e uma se estendia lateralmente ao nervo óptico e superior ao plano de ressecabilidade. Conforme previsto pelo modelo tridimensional, uma ressecção completa foi obtida em todas as lesões, exceto uma, que transgrediu o plano de ressecabilidade. Nenhuma nova diplopia ou perda de visão foi observada em qualquer paciente. Conclusão: A reconstrução tridimensional melhora o planejamento pré-operatório para a cirurgia orbital endoscópica. Os tumores que se estendem lateralmente ao nervo óptico podem ainda ser candidatos à ressecção puramente endoscópica, desde que não se estendam além do plano de ressecabilidade aqui descrito.

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Objetivo: el síndrome de apnea e hipoapnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) y las roncopatías contribuyen al desarrollo de comorbilidades. La primera línea de tratamiento del SAHOS es el CPAP. En pacientes sin adhesión al tratamiento, se propone la opción quirúrgica. Se han descrito múltiples intervenciones adaptadas a cada paciente de acuerdo al grado de obstrucción. Este estudio describe las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes intervenidos por faringoplastias en el periodo comprendido entre 2011 y 2016 en el Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo de pacientes intervenidos por faringoplastias. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 con diagnóstico de SAHOS por polisomnografía y/o roncopatía. Se excluyeron pacientes menores de 18 años y con obesidad mórbida. Resultados: se incluyeron 51 pacientes con una edad media de 44.8±1.7 años, de los cuales el 84.3% fueron hombres. 35.3% (n=18) de los pacientes presentaron alguna comorbilidad, siendo la más frecuente hipertensión arterial. 85% (n=43) de los pacientes presentaban SAHOS, siendo un 29,4% severo y el 35,3% de grado moderado. 15% de los pacientes que optaron por el tratamiento quirúrgico presentaban roncopatía. Conclusiones: en este estudio se encontró que los pacientes fueron en su mayoría hombres con una edad media de 44.8±1.7, sintomáticos (Epworth > 9), con obesidad (IMC 28.9±0.4) y con baja adherencia al CPAP. La comorbilidad más frecuente fue hipertensión arterial. El grado de SAHOS prevalente fue el moderado (35,5%). 15% de los pacientes que optaron por el tratamiento quirúrgico presentaban roncopatía.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and snoring contribute to the development of comorbidities. The first line of treatment in OSAHS is CPAP. In patients without treatment adherence, the surgical option is proposed. Multiple interventions adapted to each patient have been described according to degree of obstruction. This study describes the epidemiological characteristics of patients who underwent pharyngoplasty between 2011 and 2016 at the Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires. Methodology: Retrospective study of patients who underwent pharyngoplasty. Patients over 18 with OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography and/or chronic snoring were included. We excluded patients under 18 as well as those with morbid obesity. Results: 51 patients were included with an average age of 44.8 ± 1.7, of whom 84.3% were men. 35.3% (n = 18) of the patients presented some comorbidity, where arterial hypertension was the most frequent. 85% (n = 43) of the patients had OSAHS, of which 29.4% involved a severe degree and 35.3% a moderate one. 15% of patients who underwent surgical treatment presented snoring. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that the patients were mostly men with a mean age of 44.8 ± 1.7; they were also symptomatic (Epworth> 9), suffered from obesity (BMI 28.9 ± 0.4), and presented poor adherence to CPAP. The most frequent comorbidity was arterial hypertension. The prevalent degree of OSAHS was moderate (35.5%). 15% of patients who underwent surgical treatment suffered from chronic snoring.

Objetivo: o síndrome de apneia e hipoapneia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS) e as roncopatias contribuem ao desenvolvimento de comorbilidades. A primeira linha de tratamento do SAHOS é o CPAP. Em pacientes sem adesão ao tratamento, se propõe a opção cirúrgica. Se há descrito múltiplas intervenções adaptadas a cada paciente de acordo ao grau de obstrução. Este estudo descreve as características epidemiológicas dos pacientes intervindos por faringoplastias no período compreendido entre 2011 e 2016 no Hospital Britânico de Buenos Aires. Metodologia: estudo retrospectivo de pacientes intervindos por faringoplastias. Se incluíram pacientes maiores de 18 com diagnóstico de SAHOS por polisomnografia e/ou roncopatia. Se excluíram pacientes menores de 18 anos e com obesidade mórbida. Resultados: se incluíram 51 pacientes com uma idade média de 44.8±1.7 anos, dos quais 84.3% foram homens. 35.3% (n=18) dos pacientes apresentaram alguma comorbilidad, sendo a mais frequente hipertensão arterial. 85% (n=43) dos pacientes apresentavam SAHOS, sendo um 29,4% severo e 35,3% de grau moderado. 15% dos pacientes que optaram pelo tratamento cirúrgico apresentavam roncopatia. Conclusões: neste estudo se encontrou que os pacientes foram na sua maioria homens com uma idade média de 44.8±1.7, sintomáticos (Epworth > 9), com obesidade (IMC 28.9±0.4) e com baixa aderência ao CPAP. A comorbilidade mais frequente foi hipertensão arterial. O grau de SAHOS prevalente foi o moderado (35,5%). 15% dos pacientes que optaram pelo tratamento cirúrgico apresentavam roncopatia.

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INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic orbital surgery is a nascent field and new tools are required to assist with surgical planning and to ascertain the limits of the tumor resectability. OBJECTIVE: We purpose to utilize three-dimensional radiographic reconstruction to define the theoretical lateral limit of endoscopic resectability of primary orbital tumors and to apply these boundary conditions to surgical cases. METHODS: A three-dimensional orbital model was rendered in 4 representative patients presenting with primary orbital tumors using OsiriX open source imaging software. A 2-Dimensional plane was propagated between the contralateral nare and a line tangential to the long axis of the optic nerve reflecting the trajectory of a trans-septal approach. Any tumor volume falling medial to the optic nerve and/or within the space inferior to this plane of resectability was considered theoretically resectable regardless of how far it extended lateral to the optic nerve as nerve retraction would be unnecessary. Actual tumor volumes were then superimposed over this plan and correlated with surgical outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 4 lesions analyzed, two were fully medial to the optic nerve, one extended lateral to the optic nerve but remained inferior to the plane of resectability, and one extended both lateral to the optic nerve and superior to the plane of resectability. As predicted by the three-dimensional modeling, a complete resection was achieved in all lesions except one that transgressed the plane of resectability. No new diplopia or vision loss was observed in any patient. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional reconstruction enhances preoperative planning for endoscopic orbital surgery. Tumors that extend lateral to the optic nerve may still be candidates for a purely endoscopic resection as long as they do not extend above the plane of resectability described herein.

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Introduction Many patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery still have an uncontrolled clinical disease in the late post-operative period. Up to 11.4% of the patients will require a revision surgery. Findings such as the residual uncinated process and the lateralization of the middle turbinate were considered by some studies as being responsible for failure in the primary surgery. Objectives To describe the tomographical findings in adult patients undergoing revision endoscopic sinus surgery, the profile of those patients, and verify the mucosal thickening level of the paranasal sinus. Methods Data were collected from medical records and computed tomography reports of 28 patients undergoing revision sinus surgery on a private service in the city of Blumenau between 2007 and 2014. The score of Lund-Mackay was used to verify the mucosal thickening level. Results Among the 28 patients, 23 were reoperated once, 3 were reoperated twice, and 2 were reoperated 3 times. The most relevant findings were mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus (89.28%), deviated septum (75%), thickening of the ethmoid (50%) and sphenoidal sinuses (39.28%), and pneumatization of the middle turbinate (39.28%). The average obtained in the Lund-Mackay score was 5.71, with most patients classified in the lower range of punctuation. Conclusion The analysis of the computed tomography scans showed persistent structures that may be responsible for the failure of the primary surgery. Computed tomography is a useful tool to plan the surgery and quantify the post-operative success.

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Abstract Introduction Many patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery still have an uncontrolled clinical disease in the late post-operative period. Up to 11.4% of the patients will require a revision surgery. Findings such as the residual uncinated process and the lateralization of the middle turbinate were considered by some studies as being responsible for failure in the primary surgery. Objectives To describe the tomographical findings in adult patients undergoing revision endoscopic sinus surgery, the profile of those patients, and verify the mucosal thickening level of the paranasal sinus. Methods Data were collected from medical records and computed tomography reports of 28 patients undergoing revision sinus surgery on a private service in the city of Blumenau between 2007 and 2014. The score of Lund-Mackay was used to verify the mucosal thickening level. Results Among the 28 patients, 23 were reoperated once, 3 were reoperated twice, and 2 were reoperated 3 times. The most relevant findings were mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus (89.28%), deviated septum (75%), thickening of the ethmoid (50%) and sphenoidal sinuses (39.28%), and pneumatization of the middle turbinate (39.28%). The average obtained in the Lund-Mackay score was 5.71, withmost patients classified in the lower range of punctuation. Conclusion The analysis of the computed tomography scans showed persistent structures that may be responsible for the failure of the primary surgery. Computed tomography is a useful tool to plan the surgery and quantify the post-operative success.

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Abstract Introduction Even in the absence of inflammatory disease, facial pain often results from pressure of two opposing nasal mucosa surfaces. Objectives The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of surgical treatment of contact point headache. Methods Our study enrolled patients with unilateral facial pain and without nasal/ paranasal sinus disease. We confirmed the presence of mucosal contact by nasal endoscopy and by computed tomography. Forty-two subjects with the three most common anatomical variations underwent complete evaluation: 17 with concha bullosa (CB), 11 with septal deviation (SD), and 14 with septal spur (SS). All participants were treated by topical corticosteroid, adrenomimetic, and antihistamine. The patients without improvement were treated surgically. We assessed the severity of pain using a Visual Analogue Score (VAS) before surgical treatment and one, six, twelve, and twenty-four months after. Results The patients with SS had more severe facial pain in comparison with patients with CB (p=0.049) and SD (p=0.000). The subjects with CB had higher degree of facial pain than the ones with SD (p=0.001). After an unsuccessful medical treatment and surgical removal of mucosal contacts, the decrease of headache severity was more intense in patients with CB and SS (p=0.000) than in the patients with SD (p=0.01). Conclusion Our results suggest that topical medications have no effects and that surgical removal of mucosal contacts could be effective in the treatment of contact point headache. The results of surgical treatment were better in cases of facial pain caused by SS and CB, than in those caused by SD.

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Introduction Even in the absence of inflammatory disease, facial pain often results from pressure of two opposing nasal mucosa surfaces. Objectives The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of surgical treatment of contact point headache. Methods Our study enrolled patients with unilateral facial pain and without nasal/paranasal sinus disease. We confirmed the presence of mucosal contact by nasal endoscopy and by computed tomography. Forty-two subjects with the three most common anatomical variations underwent complete evaluation: 17 with concha bullosa (CB), 11 with septal deviation (SD), and 14 with septal spur (SS). All participants were treated by topical corticosteroid, adrenomimetic, and antihistamine. The patients without improvement were treated surgically. We assessed the severity of pain using a Visual Analogue Score (VAS) before surgical treatment and one, six, twelve, and twenty-four months after. Results The patients with SS had more severe facial pain in comparison with patients with CB (p = 0.049) and SD (p = 0.000). The subjects with CB had higher degree of facial pain than the ones with SD (p = 0.001). After an unsuccessful medical treatment and surgical removal of mucosal contacts, the decrease of headache severity was more intense in patients with CB and SS (p = 0.000) than in the patients with SD (p = 0.01). Conclusion Our results suggest that topical medications have no effects and that surgical removal of mucosal contacts could be effective in the treatment of contact point headache. The results of surgical treatment were better in cases of facial pain caused by SS and CB, than in those caused by SD.

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INTRODUCTION: Cartilage graft tympanoplasty has a better success rate in the treatment of chronic otitis media if regularly prepared and placed. OBJECTIVE: To prepare cartilage island material and evaluate its effect on the success rate of tympanoplasty. METHODS: The medical records of 87 patients (48 males and 39 females; mean age, 27.3±11.2 years; range, 14-43 years) with chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma who underwent intact canal-wall-up tympanoplasty and revision surgery between December of 2007 and October of 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia via a retroauricular approach. RESULTS: The overall success rate of this technique was 93% in terms of perforation closure. No graft lateralization or displacement into the middle ear occurred. The overall average preoperative air bone gap was 37.27±12.35 dB, and the postoperative air bone gap was 27.58±9.84 dB. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 15.3 months (range: 7-21 months). CONCLUSION: If cartilage graft is properly prepared and placed, cartilage graft tympanoplasty appears to provide better success rates and hearing results.

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Introduction: Cartilage graft tympanoplasty has a better success rate in the treatment of chronic otitis media if regularly prepared and placed. Objective: To prepare cartilage island material and evaluate its effect on the success rate of tympanoplasty. Methods: The medical records of 87 patients (48 males and 39 females; mean age, 27.3 ±11.2 years; range, 14–43 years) with chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma who underwent intact canal-wall-up tympanoplasty and revision surgery between December of 2007 and October of 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia via a retroauricular approach. Results: The overall success rate of this technique was 93% in terms of perforation closure. No graft lateralization or displacement into the middle ear occurred. The overall average preoperative air bone gap was 37.27 ± 12.35 dB, and the postoperative air bone gap was 27.58 ± 9.84 dB. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 15.3 months (range: 7–21 months). Conclusion: If cartilage graft is properly prepared and placed, cartilage graft tympanoplasty appears to provide better success rates and hearing results. .

Introducão: A timpanoplastia de enxerto de cartilagem tem uma melhor taxa de sucesso no tratamento de otite média crónica se for preparada e colocada de forma sistemática. Objetivo: Preparar o material de enxerto de cartilagem “em ilha" e avaliar o seu impacto na taxa de sucesso da timpanoplastia. Método: Os registos médicos de 87 pacientes (48 do sexo masculino e 39 do sexo feminino; idade média 27.3 ±11.2 anos; intervalo 14–43 anos) com otite média crónica sem colesteatoma que foram submetidos a timpanoplastia de levantamento de parede do canal intacto e cirurgia de revisão entre Dezembro 2007 e Outubro 2011 foram avaliados em retrospetiva. A cirurgia foi realizada sob anestesia geral através de uma abordagem retro auricular. Resultados: A taxa de sucesso global da nossa técnica foi de 93% em termos de sutura da perfuração. Não ocorreu lateralização do enxerto nem deslocação para o ouvido médio. O intervalo aéreo-ósseo pré-operatório médio global (ABG) era de 37.27 ±12.35 dB e o ABG pós-operatório era de 27.58±9.84dB. O período médio de seguimento pós-operatório era de 15.3 meses (intervalo 7-21 meses). Conclusão: Se o enxerto de cartilagem for devidamente preparado e colocado, a Timpanoplastia de enxerto de cartilagem apresenta melhores taxas de sucesso e resultados ao nível da audição. .

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INTRODUCTION: Tracheotomy is one of the most frequent surgical procedures performed in critically ill patients hospitalized at intensive care units. The ideal timing for a tracheotomy is still controversial, despite decades of experience. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of performing early tracheotomies in critically ill patients on duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay, overall hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality. METHODS: Retrospective and observational study of cases subjected to elective tracheotomy at one of the intensive care units of this hospital during five consecutive years. The patients were stratified into two groups: early tracheotomy group (tracheotomy performed from day one up to and including day seven of mechanical ventilation) and late tracheotomy group (tracheotomy performed after day seven). The outcomes of the groups were compared. RESULTS: In the early tracheotomy group, there was a statistically significant reduction in duration of mechanical ventilation (6 days vs. 19 days; p<0.001), duration of intensive care unit stay (10 days vs. 28 days; p=0.001), and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (1 case vs. 44 cases; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Early tracheotomy has a significant positive impact on critically ill patients hospitalized at this intensive care unit. These results support the tendency to balance the risk-benefit analysis in favor of early tracheotomy.

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Aim: Antibiotic prophylaxis aims to prevent infection of surgical sites before contamination or infection occurs. Prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis does not enhance the prevention of surgical infection and is associated with higher rates of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. This review of the literature concerning antibiotic prophylaxis, with an emphasis on otolaryngologic surgery, aims to develop a guide for the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in otolaryngologic surgery in order to reduce the numbers of complications stemming from the indiscriminate use of antibiotics...

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A epistaxe é uma das urgências otorrinolaringológicas de maior prevalência, cujas alternativas de tratamento cirúrgico cada vez mais fazem parte do dia-a-dia dos serviços de pronto-atendimento, principalmente naqueles casos refratários às condutas clínicas. OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil dos pacientes e os resultados deste serviço no tratamento cirúrgico da epistaxe durante 11 anos. MÉTODO: Foram analisados dados retrospectivos de 98 pacientes, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico para epistaxe entre 2000 e 2011. RESULTADOS: A maior parte da amostra foi de homens, com média de idade em torno de 46 anos. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi identificada em 58% dos pacientes e a época do ano em que os eventos mais ocorreram foi durante o outono e o inverno. A taxa de ressangramento foi de 13,27%. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo pôde concluir que o tratamento cirúrgico das epistaxes, quando indicado, tem bom índice de sucesso, com baixa incidência de complicações, e continua sendo, para este serviço, o tratamento padrão-ouro para as hemorragias nasais refratárias às medidas iniciais de manejo.

Epistaxis is one of the most prevalent emergencies in ENT practice, and its surgical treatment is part of the routine at services for emergency care, especially in cases refractory to clinical procedures. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile of patients and the results this service has had in the surgical treatment of epistaxis for the last 11 years. METHOD: Data from 98 patients submitted to surgery for epistaxis between 2000 and 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Most in the sample were males, and mean age was around 46 years. Hypertension was identified in 58% of patients, and most events occurred during fall and winter. The re-bleeding rate was 13.27%. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that the surgical treatment for epistaxis, when indicated, had good success rates and low incidence of complications. In our service, it remains as the gold-standard procedure for nosebleeds refractory to initial management measures.

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AIM: Antibiotic prophylaxis aims to prevent infection of surgical sites before contamination or infection occurs. Prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis does not enhance the prevention of surgical infection and is associated with higher rates of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. This review of the literature concerning antibiotic prophylaxis, with an emphasis on otolaryngologic surgery, aims to develop a guide for the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in otolaryngologic surgery in order to reduce the numbers of complications stemming from the indiscriminate use of antibiotics.

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A técnica de acesso combinado (TAC) ao implante coclear (IC) é uma variação da técnica clássica de mastoidectomia e timpanotomia posterior (MPTA). A TAC combina um acesso transcanal à cocleostomia com uma timpanotomia posterior reduzida para a inserção dos eletrodos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar a segurança e efetividade em longo prazo alcançados com a TAC e MPTA em pacientes submetidos a IC em um centro brasileiro. Desenho científico: Estudo de série. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Pacientes submetidos a IC usando TAC e MPTA foram acompanhados em um estudo de coorte. Os desfechos avaliados foram complicações, avaliação audiométrica e radiológica pós-operatórias. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e quatro pacientes foram implantados usando a TAC e 31 usando MPTA. Não houve casos de paralisia facial, mastoidite, colesteatoma ou fístula após 3,4±1,0 anos. A avaliação radiológica da posição dos eletrodos a mediana de eletrodos fora da cóclea foi de 0 no grupo TAC e de 3 no MPTA (p < 0,001). Não houve diferença entre os grupos em termos de desempenho audiológico no pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: A cocleostomia via transcanal combinada com uma timpanotomia posterior reduzida é um acesso alternativo ao IC que demonstrou segurança e menor migração de eletrodos em longo prazo. Esses achados encorajam o uso da via transcanal para a cocleostomia como uma opção alternativa de acesso ao IC.

The combined approach technique (CAT) is a variation of the classical the mastoidectomy-posterior tympanotomy technique (MPTA) that combines a transcanal approach to cochleostomy with a reduced posterior tympanotomy for insertion of electrodes. AIM: To compare and evaluate long-term safety and effectiveness outcomes obtained with the CAT and with MPTA approach in patients submitted to cochlear implant (CI) surgery. Design: series study. METHODS: Patients who underwent CI using CAT or MPTA at a Brazilian center were followed in a cohort study. Main outcomes were complications,audiometric performance and radiological evaluation of electrode position. RESULTS: Fourty-four patients were implanted using CAT and 31 MPTA. There were no cases of facial nerve paralysis, mastoiditis, cholesteatoma or cerebrospinal fluid leaks after 3.4±1.0 years. Radiological evaluation of electrode position revealed that the median number of electrodes outside the cochlea was 0 in CAT and 3 in MPTA groups (p < 0.001). There were no differences between both surgical approaches in terms of mean pure-tone thresholds with CI at all frequencies. CONCLUSION: Long-term follow-up data showed that the transcanal route to cochleostomy, combined with a reduced posterior tympanotomy, is a safe alternative approach in cochlear implant surgery, with no related major complications and fewer cases of electrode migration when compared with the MPTA. These findings encourage the use of the transcanal route to cochleostomy as an alternative approach option.

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Introdução: A otorrinolaringologia é uma especialidade médica que abrange 4,4% do total de médicos paulistas, tendo uma variedade de procedimentos cirúrgicos distribuídos entre faringe, nariz, ouvido e laringe. O conhecimento do perfil de um serviço de referência em otorrinolaringologia permite a sua melhor organização, dimensionamento do volume do atendimento e das cirurgias realizadas, proporcionando uma melhor formação ao aluno e ao médico residente. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil das cirurgias nasossinusais e dos pacientes submetidos a elas no departamento de otorrinolaringologia e cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço de um hospital escola. Método: Foi realizado estudo de coorte histórico com corte transversal retrospectivo, com revisão de 872 prontuários de pacientes submetidos a cirurgias rinossinusais entre janeiro de 2006 e dezembro de 2008. Utilizado questionário próprio, buscando sexo, idade, diagnóstico cirúrgico e cirurgia realizada. Resultados: Do total de 872 pacientes analisados, 45,4% eram sexo feminino e 54,6% sexo masculino, variando em uma faixa etária 4 a 80 anos (média de 29,8 anos). Os principais diagnósticos cirúrgicos foram: desvio septo nasal(n=457), deformidade nasal pós-trauma (n=287), hipertrofia de conchas nasais (n=153), polipose rinossinusal(n=73), rinossinusite crônica(n=32). Entre os procedimentos cirúrgicos mais frequentemente realizadas, estão: septoplastia (n=388), rinosseptoplastia (n=215), FESS (n=131), cauterização intra-turbinal(n=114), rinoplastia reparadora(n=73), turbinectomia(n=43), turbinoplastia (n=55). Ressalta-se que os pacientes podem ter recebido mais de um diagnóstico cirúrgico e realizado mais de uma cirurgia, dependendo da indicação. Conclusão: Apresenta-se o volume e a diversidade de cirurgias rinossinusais realizadas em nosso serviço, contribuindo com a escassa produção científica sobre esse tipo de casuística...

Introduction: The ENT is a medical specialty that covers 4.4% of all doctors in São Paulo, with a variety of surgical procedures distributed between pharynx, nose, ear and larynx. Knowing the profile of a reference service in otolaryngology allows for a better organization, scaling the volume of care and surgeries, providing better training to the student and resident physician. Objective: To describe the profile of sinonasal surgery and patients to them in the department of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery at a teaching hospital. Method: We conducted a cohort study of cross-sectional retrospective study with review of 872 charts of patients undergoing surgery Sinus between January 2006 and December 2008. Used questionnaires, seeking sex, age, surgical diagnosis and surgery. Results: Of 872 patients studied, 45.4% were female and 54.6% male, ranging in an age group 40-80 years (mean 29.8 years). The main surgical diagnoses were: nasal septum deviation (n=457), nasal deformity after trauma (n=287), enlarged turbinates (n=153), rhinosinusal polyposis (n=73), chronic sinusitis (n=32). Among the most frequently performed surgical procedures include: septoplasty (n=388), rhinoplasty (n=215), FESS (n=131), intra-turbinal cauterization (n=114), reconstructive rhinoplasty (n=73), turbinectomy (n=43), turbinoplasty (n=55). It is emphasized that patients may have received more than one surgical diagnosis and realized more than one surgery, depending on the alert. Conclusion: We present the volume and diversity of Sinus surgeries performed in our department, contributing to the scarce scientific literature on this type of case...

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Introducción: La práctica de realizar exámenes preoperatorios, aunque muy difundida, carece de utilidad demostrada o de argumentos científicos que la sustenten. Más aún sus costos, pueden ser muy elevados. Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad y costo-efectividad de los exámenes preoperatorios en otorrinolaringología. Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo de una muestra de 160 fichas clínicas de pacientes ASA I (2 a 40 años, sanos) operados en el Hospital San Juan de Dios en el año 2006. Resultados: Ningún examen preoperatorio permitió prever una complicación perioperatoria. Dentro de los pacientes con exámenes normales se registraron 4 complicaciones. Se necesitaron 70 exámenes (con un costo de $703.500 pesos chilenos o USD $1,256) para detectar una patología. La detección de anormalidades, obligó al mayor uso de recursos mediante intervención clínica (repetición de exámenes o interconsultas), se asoció a un aumento del número de consultas médicas realizadas (4,4 vs 2,53 p =0,0002) y un aumento de los días de hospitalización (2,5 vs 1,77 p =0,025), sin reportar ningún beneficio. Cuarenta a cincuenta por ciento de las solicitudes de nasofaringolaringoscopías, audiometrías e impedanciometrías no mostraron justificación clínica. Se repitieron 20,1 por ciento de los exámenes preoperatorios, principalmente debido a su caducidad (45,1 por ciento). El costo oportunidad asociado a exámenes preoperatorios fue en promedio $28.608 por paciente, lo que anualmente equivale (como referente) al 27 por ciento> del costo de todas las amigdalectomías realizadas en este centro cada año. Discusión: El uso rutinario de exámenes preoperatorios parece ser una práctica costosa y sin utilidad.

Introduction: Although most surgeons order pre-operative laboratory tests, this practice is not based upon any evidence. Furthermore, they impose a potentially important monetary cost on the patient. Aim: To determine the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of preoperative tests in otolaryngology. Material and method: Retrospective study. A sample of 160 medical records of ASA I patients (2 to 40 years of age, without other known pathologies) that underwent surgery at the San Juan de Dios Hospital during 2006 was reviewed. Results: None of the tests ordered predicted any of the perisurgical complications found. Among patients with normal results, 4 had complications. It took 70 tests (at a cost of $ 703,500 Chilean pesos or U$D 1256) to detect a relevant pathology. Detection of abnormalities in test results forced significant more clinical interventions, and was associated with an increased number of medical consults (4.4 vs 2.53 p = 0.0002) and a prolonged hospital stay (2.5 vs 1.77 p = 0025). 20.1 percent of the test were repeated tests, mainly because they had passed the valid date(45.1 percent). The opportunity-cost associated with preoperative examinations averaged $ 28,608 per patient, which (as a reference) is equivalent annually to 27 percent of the cost of all tonsillectomies performed at this center each year. Conclusion: Routine pre-operative testing seems to be an expensive and useless practice.

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Introdução: A primeira laringectomia total data de 1873 descrita por Billroth, e foi acompanhada pela tentativa de reabilitação vocal com a prótese externa de Gussenbauer. Nos últimos anos as formas de reabilitação vocal evoluíram e a utilização da fístula traqueoesofágica com uma prótese valvulada foi proposta por Blom e Singer, em 1980. A colocação da prótese após a laringectomia é denominada de secundária e, apesar das evoluções referente à prótese vocal, a colocação secundária utilizando anestesia geral e esofagoscópio rígido pode levar a complicações como mediastinite, celulite cervical, fratura de vértebra cervical e perfuração esofágica. Objetivo: Apresentar técnica endoscópica de passagem secundária dessa prótese. Métodos: Esse trabalho foi realizado em 72 pacientes laringectomizados reabilitados com prótese vocal do tipo Blom-Singer Indwelling low pressure com colocação secundária através de técnica cirúrgica por endoscopia digestiva alta e sedação com midazolan, no período de junho de 1999 a julho de 2006, dispensando o uso de anestesia geral e internação. Resultados: Todos os pacientes foram reabilitados com a prótese tráqueo-esofágica, sem complicações relacionadas com a técnica cirúrgica. As vantagens dessa nova técnica em relação à convencional são: 1) dispensa a anestesia geral; 2) não é necessário internação do paciente; 3) menor riscos de complicações, como: hemorragia digestiva alta; mediastinite; fratura de vértebras cervicais; perfuração esofágica; 4) visibilização direta do posicionamento da prótese no esôfago.

Introduction: The first total laryngectomy was performed in 1873 by Billroth, and it was accompanied by the attempt of vocal rehabilitation with the Gussenbauer's external prosthesis. In the last years the techniques of vocal rehabilitation developed and the use of the tracheoesophageal fistula with a valvuled prosthesis was proposed by Blom and Singer in 1980. The placement of the prosthesis after laryngectomy is called secondary, and in spite of the evolutions regarding the vocal prosthesis, the secondary placement using general anesthesia and rigid esophagoscopy can take complications as mediastinitis, cervical cellulitis, fracture of cervical vertebra, and esophageal perforation. Objective: To present an endoscopic technique for the secondary placement of such prosthesis. Methods: This work was accomplished in 72 patients undergone total laryngectomy and rehabilitated with Blom-Singer Indwelling low pressure vocal prosthesis with secondary placement through new surgical technique by digestive endoscopy and mitigation with midazolan, in the period from June, 1999 to July, 2006, releasing this way the use of general anesthesia and hospitalization. Results: All patients were rehabilitated with tracheoesophageal prosthesis, without complications related with the surgical technique. The advantages of this new technique in relation to the conventional are: 1) releases the general anesthesia; 2) it is not necessary patient hospitalization; 3) smaller risks of complications as high digestive hemorrhage; mediastinitis; fracture of cervical vertebras; esophageal perforation; 4) direct visualization of the positioning of the prosthesis in the esophagus.