RESUMO

Helicobacter species can colonize digestive tract of animals and humans and have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases; however, this genus has not been studied in crocodiles. Our objective was to detect by PCR Helicobacter genus and Helicobacter pylori in oral and cloacal swabs from Orinoco crocodiles of two wild (Cojedes River System and Capanaparo River) and two captive breeding centers (CBCs; Masaguaral Ranch and UNELLEZ) populations. Bacterial DNA was found in 100% of oral samples (10 wild and 10 captives), and in the 95% of cloacal samples (10 wild and 9 captives). In wild populations, Helicobacter spp. was not detected, whereas in CBCs, Helicobacter was detected in 10% of the oral samples, and 66.7% of cloacal samples. H. pylori was detected in two Orinoco crocodiles. Two cloacal non-pylori Helicobacter amplicons were sequenced, showing low similarity (≤97%) to Helicobacter sequences reported. This is the first report of Helicobacter species, including H. pylori in Crocodylus intermedius from CBCs.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O estudo foi realizado com 29 macacos-pregos (Cebus apella). Foram colhidas 50 amostras de suabe da mucosa oral, junto à transição muco-gengival maxilar, com auxílio de zaragatoas esterilizadas, embebidas em caldo Brain Heart Infusion (BHI). Todos os animais foram submetidos a exame clínico para avaliação periodontal. As amostras obtidas foram cultivadas em meios apropriados: caldo simples, caldo BHI, e ágar sangue para o isolamento de cocos Gram-positivos aeróbios da família Micrococcaceae. Para sua classificação utilizou-se as provas de catalase, Staphy-test (teste rápido para caracterização de Staphylococcus aureus) e sensibilidade à bacitracina. Foram identificados 73,1 por cento de Staphylococcus spp; 15,4 por cento de Staphylococcus aureus; e 11,5 por cento Micrococcus spp. As cepas isoladas foram testadas em relação à sua suscetibilidade a antibióticos pela técnica de difusão em ágar. Verificou-se para as cepas de Staphylococcus spp, 94,7 por cento de sensibilidade a cefalotina e resistência de 89,5 por cento à penicilina, 97,4 por cento à oxacilina, 55,3 por cento à tetraciclina, 57,9 por cento à clindamicina e 63,2 por cento à amoxicilina. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que a cefalotina foi o antibiótico para o qual as amsotras de Staphylococcus spp estudadas apresentaram, in vitro, maior grau de sensibilidade.

Twenty-nine capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) were used in this study. Fifty samples of oral mucous membrane were collected in area next to their muco-gingival-maxilar transition using sterilized swabs soaked in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI). All animals were clinically examined for periodontal evaluation. The samples were cultivated in appropriate media, namely: simple broth, BHI broth and, blood agar in order to get aerobic Gram positive cocos, from the Micrococcaceae family, isolated. Catalase test, Staphy-test (a quick-test for Staphylococcus aureus characterization) and bactracin-sensitivity test were the tools employed for their classification. Data were follows: 73.1 percent of them were Staphylococcus spp; 15.4 percent Staphylococcus aureus; and, 11.5 percent Micrococcus spp. The isolated were strains tested for their in vitro susceptible to antibiotics by the agar diffusion technique. Concerning the Staphylococcus spp strains, 94.7 percent were susceptibility to cephalotin; however, 89.5 percent of them were resistant to penicillin; 97.4 percent to oxacilin; 55.3 percent to tetracicline; 57.9 percent to clindamicine; and 63.2 percent to amoxiciline. Staphylococcus spp strains studied presented the highest in vitro sensitivity degree to cephalotin.

RESUMO

O estudo foi realizado com 29 macacos-pregos (Cebus apella). Foramcolhidas 50 amostras de suabe da mucosa oral, junto à transiçãomuco-gengival maxilar, com auxílio de zaragatoas esterilizadas,embebidas em caldo Brain Heart Infusion (BHI). Todos os animaisforam submetidos a exame clínico para avaliação periodontal. Asamostras obtidas foram cultivadas em meios apropriados: caldosimples, caldo BHI, e ágar sangue para o isolamento de cocosGram-positivos aeróbios da família Micrococcaceae. Para suaclassificação utilizou-se as provas de catalase, Staphy-test (testerápido para caracterização de Staphylococcus aureus) e sensibilidade àbacitracina. Foram identificados 73,1% de Staphylococcus spp; 15,4%de Staphylococcus aureus; e 11,5% Micrococcus spp. As cepas isoladasforam testadas em relação à sua suscetibilidade a antibióticos pelatécnica de difusão em ágar. Verificou-se para as cepas deStaphylococcus spp, 94,7% de sensibilidade a cefalotina e resistênciade 89,5% à penicilina, 97,4% à oxacilina, 55,3% à tetraciclina, 57,9%à clindamicina e 63,2% à amoxicilina. Os dados obtidosdemonstraram que a cefalotina foi o antibiótico para o qual asamsotras de Staphylococcus spp estudadas apresentaram, in vitro, maiorgrau de sensibilidade.(AU)

Twenty-nine capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) were used in thisstudy. Fifty samples of oral mucous membrane were collected inarea next to their muco-gingival-maxilar transition using sterilizedswabs soaked in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI). All animals wereclinically examined for periodontal evaluation. The samples werecultivated in appropriate media, namely: simple broth, BHI brothand, blood agar in order to get aerobic Gram positive cocos,from the Micrococcaceae family, isolated. Catalase test, Staphy-test(a quick-test for Staphylococcus aureus characterization) andbactracin-sensitivity test were the tools employed for theirclassification. Data were follows: 73.1% of them were Staphylococcusspp; 15.4% Staphylococcus aureus; and, 11.5% Micrococcus spp. Theisolated were strains tested for their in vitro susceptible toantibiotics by the agar diffusion technique. Concerning theStaphylococcus spp strains, 94.7% were susceptibility to cephalotin;however, 89.5% of them were resistant to penicillin; 97.4% tooxacilin; 55.3% to tetracicline; 57.9% to clindamicine; and 63.2%to amoxiciline. Staphylococcus spp strains studied presented thehighest in vitro sensitivity degree to cephalotin.(AU)

Assuntos