RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Edentulism remains a major disability worldwide, especially among the elderly population, although the prevalence of complete edentulism has declined over the last decades. In Uganda, the prevalence of edentulism in people aged 20 years and above is 1.8%. The therapy for edentulous patients can be realized through the use of conventional removable complete dentures, implant-supported prostheses, and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CADCAM), however, the provision of removable complete dentures continues to be the predominant rehabilitation for edentulous patients. However, no published study has explored the lived experiences with removable complete dentures among the Ugandan population. The aim of the present study was to explore patients' lived experiences on the usage of removable complete dentures among Ugandan edentulous patients attending Makerere University Dental Hospital. METHODS: This was a qualitative study approach using purposive sampling. Fifteen (15) respondents were selected across social demographics. Interviews were recorded and transcribed and themes were generated to draw a deeper meaning to the usage of removable complete dentures. A qualitative statistical package, Atlas Ti software was used to generate themes from the interviews followed by an interpretation of the generated data and the results were presented as text and in a table. RESULTS: The reported key positive experiences due to removable complete denture rehabilitation were the improvement in speech, eating ability, regaining good facial appearance, better oral hygiene management, self-esteem and confidence to smile in public, and a feeling of completeness. However, respondents complained of pain and discomfort due to the looseness of dentures, inability to eat certain foods, and regular cleaning of dentures. The respondents did not go through proper informed consent processes before getting removable complete dentures. CONCLUSION: The study found that patients were satisfied with their removable complete dentures rehabilitation due to the positive experiences registered, such as the ability to eat and talk well, and restoration of self-esteem, all of which improved their quality of life. However, they experience pain and discomfort due to the looseness of dentures.
Assuntos
Prótese Total , Boca Edêntula , Humanos , Uganda , Boca Edêntula/psicologia , Boca Edêntula/reabilitação , Feminino , Masculino , Prótese Total/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Adulto , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies addressing the training-induced neuroplasticity and interrelationships of the lip, masseter, and tongue motor representations in the human motor cortex using single syllable repetition are lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the impact of a repeated training in a novel PaTaKa diadochokinetic (DDK) orofacial motor task (OMT) on corticomotor control of the lips, masseter, and tongue muscles in young healthy participants. METHODS: A total of 22 young healthy volunteers performed 3 consecutive days of training in an OMT. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the lip, masseter, tongue, and first dorsal interosseous (FDI, internal control) muscles. MEPs were assessed by stimulus-response curves and corticomotor mapping at baseline and after OMT. The DDK rate from PaTaKa single syllable repetition and numeric rating scale (NRS) scores were also obtained at baseline and immediately after each OMT. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to detect differences at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: There was a significant effect of OMT and stimulus intensity on the lips, masseter, and tongue MEPs compared to baseline (p < .001), but not FDI MEPs (p > .05). OMT increased corticomotor topographic maps area (p < .001), and DDK rates (p < .01). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that 3 consecutive days of a repeated PaTaKa training in an OMT can induce neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor pathways of orofacial muscles, and it may be related to mechanisms underlying the improvement of orofacial fine motor skills due to short-term training. The clinical utility should now be investigated.
Assuntos
Potencial Evocado Motor , Córtex Motor , Eletromiografia , Potencial Evocado Motor/fisiologia , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Córtex Motor/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético , Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia , Estimulação Magnética TranscranianaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Obese individuals may have impaired oral sensory functioning and abnormal oral motor function, a consequence of fat deposition in muscles. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the oral motor function in obese individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three observational cross-sectional studies were performed. In total, 140 participants were evaluated: (1) orofacial myofunctional evaluation (OMES) was performed in 26 obese and 26 control subjects; (2) time taken for suction of 50 ml of water through straws of 3 mm and 6 mm of diameter was measured in 30 obese and 30 control subjects; (3) the oral phase of swallowing of 5 ml moderately thick and 5 ml extremely thick boluses was analysed by videofluoroscopy in 14 obese and 14 control subjects. Obese and non-obese control subjects had body mass index ≥40 kg/m2 and <30 kg/m2 , respectively. RESULTS: Obese subjects had worse oral myofunctional evaluation scores in posture/appearance (lips, jaw, cheeks, tongue and hard palate), in mobility (lips, tongue, jaw and cheeks) and in breathing, deglutition and mastication functions (p ≤ .020). The OMES total score was 73.5 ± 5.5 in obese and 92.8 ± 3.7 in controls subjects (p < .001). There was no difference between the groups in the time taken for 50 ml of water suction through the 3-mm- or 6-mm-diameter straw. Videofluoroscopic evaluation of the bolus swallowed demonstrated a longer oral preparation time in obese individuals for both boluses (p ≤ .040) and no difference in oral transit time (p ≥ .140). CONCLUSION: A moderate change in oral motor function was observed in obese individuals with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 .
Assuntos
Deglutição , Língua , Estudos Transversais , Deglutição/fisiologia , Humanos , Obesidade/complicações , ÁguaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study estimated the maximum tongue pressure (MTP) against teeth in bruxers, and verified the effect of a stabilization splint. METHOD: Forty subjects (mean age: 26.57 years) were assigned to two groups (n520): bruxers and nonbruxers. Sleep bruxism was diagnosed by self-report, presence of tooth wear and tongue indentation, and by using a BiteStrip2 device. Maximum tongue pressure was measured by intraoral appliances containing pressure sensors. After baseline evaluation, bruxers received a stabilization splint and non-bruxers received a palatal splint, both for nocturnal use. Maximum tongue pressure was reassessed after 30 and 60 days. Data were submitted to repeated-measures ANOVA and Tukey test (Pv0.05). RESULTS: Bruxers showed an increased MTP against teeth (Pv0.05). Splint therapy decreased MTP for bruxers and non-bruxers. DISCUSSION: Bruxers present tongue indentations or ulcerations; however, there is no evidence on their MTP. Further research should focus on therapies to avoid tongue ulcerations in bruxers.
Assuntos
Pressão , Bruxismo do Sono/terapia , Contenções , Língua/fisiologia , Adulto , Humanos , Bruxismo do Sono/fisiopatologia , Contenções/efeitos adversos , Língua/patologia , Doenças da Língua/etiologia , Dente , Úlcera/etiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate bite force (BF) and oro-facial functions at different dentition phases (initial-mixed, intermediate-mixed, final-mixed and permanent dentition) in children and adolescents diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The sample was selected from four public schools in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Of the 289 participants recruited, aged 8-14 years old, 46 were placed into the TMD group. TMD was diagnosed using Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (2011). Oro-facial functions were evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S), which involves both an interview and a clinical examination. BF was measured using a digital gnathodynamometer. Age and body mass index (BMI) were also considered. The data were analysed by the following tests: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t-test, Spearman and Pearson coefficients, Qui-square test, Fisher's exact or binomial test, as indicated. Moreover, univariate and multivariable logistic regression were applied. For the TMD group, scores associated with NOT-S interview and NOT-S total were higher than for the control group (P = 0.033 and P = 0.0062, respectively). No differences in BF between genders or groups (P > 0.05) were detected. Variables included in the multivariate logistic regression were BMI and NOT-S total. Based on this analysis, NOT-S total was associated with TMDs. Reported sensory function was the specific domain within NOT-S interview that established the significant difference between the groups (P = 0.021). The TMD group also had a greater number of alterations in the face-at-rest domain of the NOT-S exam (P = 0.007). Concluding, it did not detect an association between TMDs and either dentition phase or BF. Instead, BF correlated with age and BMI. Oro-facial dysfunction was associated with TMD in the studied sample, but this association may be bidirectional, requiring further researches.