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BACKGROUND: Dockworkers are exposed to physical overloads that can contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders, leading to functional disability and absenteeism. OBJECTIVE: to map, critically appraise, and synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases associated with port occupational activities. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in structured and unstructured databases in August 2023, with no date or language restriction, to identify observational studies evaluating the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dockworkers' occupational activity. The risk of bias was assessed using validated tools based on the included study designs. Data from studies were pooled in meta-analyses. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: We identified 12 analytical cross-sectional studies involving 7821 participants in ports of five countries. Most studies (75%) had a moderate methodological quality according to the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Considering the overall worker categories and any musculoskeletal disorders, the meta-analysis showed a prevalence of 58% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 37% to 78%), with degenerative spinal diseases 42% (95% CI -0.6% to 91%) and low back pain 36% (95% CI 21% to 50%) being the most prevalent conditions. Symptoms were predominantly in foremen and stevedores. The certainty of the evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal disorders seem prevalent among dockworkers, mainly degenerative spinal diseases and low back pain. Studies with greater methodological consistency are still needed to validate these hypotheses and assist in decision-making for implementing preventive and informational policies in maritime port management organizations. PROSPERO registry CRD42021257677.

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BACKGROUND: As a reflection of the health emergency caused by COVID-19, many countries adopted guidelines, which included activity restrictions. As a result, some companies maintained their activities with on-site work and telework. OBJECTIVE: Analyzing the morbidity and mortality profile due to COVID-19 of workers in telework and on-site work in an oil and gas company. METHODS: Cross-sectional, quantitative, and analytical study that included 8,394 workers diagnosed with COVID-19 at an oil and gas company in Brazil, from June 2020 to June 2021. The company's Surveillance Program database was used as an information source. RESULTS: The total prevalence of cases was 21.7%. For teleworking and face-to-face workers, they were 20.7% and 23.3%, respectively. There was a predominance of women (19.7%), white ethnicity/colour (64.7%), higher level position (52.6%), age group over 40 years (36.7%), married (53, 8%), working at the company for a period that ranges from 7 to 10 years (17%), administrative activity (68.5%), and a higher number of symptomatic workers and deaths in telework compared to on-site work. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that testing is important to refrain the virus spread in the company's work environments, as it allowed asymptomatic workers to be diagnosed with COVID-19. The study suggested that on-site work was not a transmission facilitator in the occupational environment, which points out the importance of preventive measures in the workplace and the adoption of remote work for the largest possible number of workers to improve the safety of employees, workers who remained in the on-site work modality.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the methodological challenges and strategies of a web survey on the working conditions and health among delivery workers. METHODS The study population consisted of Brazilian delivery workers operating in the national territory. Procedures include building solid and ongoing collaboration with worker representatives and conducting a four-month data collection from February to May 2022, sharing the link to the online questionnaire on social media such as social networks (Facebook, Instagram) and messaging apps (WhatsApp, Telegram). RESULTS The recruitment of 41 leaders or influencers of delivery workers increased the dissemination of the study, some of whom participated in the consensual validation of the questionnaire; the production of content for social media for the dissemination of the questionnaire link on social networks and applications, and the in-person dissemination of the study at the delivery workers' meeting points during the workday played a fundamental role, totaling around 132 hours in 45 shifts. The strategies adopted for data collection with a hybrid approach to dissemination made it possible to carry out the web survey. After four months of the web survey, 564 delivery workers, 543 men and 18 women, responded to the online questionnaire. CONCLUSION The web survey presented methodological strategies to overcome the challenge of reaching workers, including hybrid work, to increase the participation of workers, on whom epidemiological research is still scarce.

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Resumo Objetivo Analisar a função dos apoios sociais formal e informal na prática de atividade física durante o tempo livre de trabalhadores. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com 395 trabalhadores técnicos administrativos em uma universidade pública. Os dados foram coletados utilizando: questionário sociodemográfico, Questionário de Atividade Física Habitual de Baecke e Escala de Apoio Social para a prática de Atividade Física. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, teste t de Student, teste d de Cohen e Análise de Variância. Resultados Os participantes que referiram algum tipo de apoio para atividade física no tempo livre (92,2%) apresentaram maiores médias no escore de atividade física. O apoio institucional (58,0%) teve função de destaque como potencial influenciador em comparação ao apoio de chefias imediatas (14,2%), embora elas tenham exercido um certo diferencial entre os trabalhadores da manutenção. Conclusão O apoio social tem função importante na promoção da atividade física no tempo livre de trabalhadores. As iniciativas institucionais de estímulo ao comportamento ativo no ambiente de trabalho carecem de alinhamento com o incentivo por parte dos superiores imediatos, para que sejam mais efetivas.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la función del apoyo social formal e informal en la práctica de actividad física durante el tiempo libre de trabajadores. Métodos Estudio transversal realizado con 395 trabajadores técnicos administrativos de una universidad pública. Los datos se recopilaron utilizando un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Cuestionario de Actividad Física Habitual de Baecke y la Escala de Apoyo Social para la Práctica de Actividad Física. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, test-T de Student, prueba d de Cohen y análisis de varianza. Resultados Los participantes que relataron algún tipo de apoyo para actividad física en el tiempo libre (92,2 %) presentaron mayores promedios en el puntaje de actividad física. El apoyo institucional (58,0 %) tuvo una función destacada como posible influenciador en comparación con el apoyo de jefes directos (14,2 %), aunque estos últimos hayan ejercido cierto diferencial entre los trabajadores de mantenimiento. Conclusión El apoyo social tiene una función importante en la promoción de la actividad física en el tiempo libre de trabajadores. Las iniciativas institucionales de estímulo a un comportamiento activo en el ambiente de trabajo necesitan estar alineadas con el incentivo por parte de los superiores inmediatos para que sean más efectivas.

Abstract Objective To analyze the role of formal and informal social support in the practice of physical activity during workers' leisure time. Methods A cross-sectional study carried out with 395 technical administrative workers at a public university. Data were collected using sociodemographic questionnaire, Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire and Physical Activity and Social Support Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student's t test, Cohen's d test and Analysis of Variance. Results Participants who reported some type of support for physical activity in their leisure time (92.2%) had higher means in the physical activity score. Institutional support (58.0%) had a prominent role as a potential influencer compared to support from immediate superiors (14.2%), although they had a certain differential among maintenance workers. Conclusion Social support plays an important role in promoting physical activity in workers' leisure time. Institutional initiatives to encourage active behavior in the work environment need to be aligned with encouragement by immediate superiors so that they are more effective.

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Objetivo: analisar aspectos positivos e negativos relacionados à autoestima de trabalhadores terceirizados de serviços de higiene e limpeza hospitalar. Método: estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em duas instituições hospitalares privadas. Os participantes foram trabalhadores terceirizados dos serviços de higiene e limpeza. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionáriosociodemográfico e um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. Realizada análise temática indutiva. Resultados: a amostra constitui-se de 15 trabalhadores, do sexo feminino, que expressaram aspectos positivos e negativos que afetam sua autoestima, que estão relacionados à organização e ambiente de trabalho, às relações interpessoais e benefícios trabalhistas. Conclusão: aspectos positivos e negativos estão presentes entre esses trabalhadores e os gestores hospitalares devem refletir sobre o serviço de higiene e limpeza, estabelecendo estratégias educativas e coletivas para os trabalhadores relacionadas às práticas de trabalho realizadas neste contexto(AU)

Objective: to analyze positive and negative aspects related to the self-esteem of outsourced workers in hospital hygiene and cleaning services. Method: exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, carried out in two private hospital institutions. Participants were outsourced workers from hygiene and cleaning services. For data collection, a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview script were used. Inductive thematic analysis was performed. Results: the sample consisted of 15 female workers, who expressed positive and negative aspects that affect their self-esteem, which are related to the organization and work environment, interpersonal relationships and work benefits. Conclusion: positive and negative aspects are present among these workers and hospital managers should reflect on the hygiene and cleaning service, establishing educational and collective strategies for workers related to work practices carried out in this context(AU)

Objetivo: analizar aspectos positivos y negativos relacionados con la autoestima de trabajadores subcontratados en los servicios de higiene y limpieza hospitalaria. Método: estudio exploratorio, con enfoque cualitativo, realizado en dos hospitales privadas. Los participantes eran trabajadores subcontratados de los servicios de higiene y limpieza. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y un guion de entrevista semiestructurada. Se realizó un análisis temático inductivo. Resultados: la muestra estuvo conformada por 15 trabajadoras, quienes expresaron aspectos positivos y negativos que inciden en su autoestima, los cuales están relacionados con la organización y clima laboral, las relaciones interpersonales y las prestaciones laborales. Conclusión: los aspectos positivos y negativos están presentes entre estos trabajadores y los administradores de hospitales deben reflexionar sobre el servicio de higiene y limpieza, estableciendo estrategias educativas y colectivas para los trabajadores, relacionadas con las prácticas de trabajo realizadas en este contexto(AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between occupation and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections within a Brazilian municipality. METHODS: In this test-negative study, cases and controls were randomly selected among individuals aged 18-65 years that were registered in a primary health care program in São Caetano do Sul, Brazil. Those who had collected samples for RT-PCR testing between April 2020 and May 2021 were randomly selected to compose the case (positive for SARS-CoV-2) and control (negative for SARS-CoV-2) groups, frequency-matched by sex, age group, and month of sample collection. Complementary data were collected through phone interviews. We estimated the residual effect of occupation on SARS-CoV-2 infection using multiple conditional logistic regression models incrementally adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS: 1724 cases and 1741 controls who reported being at work at the time of RT-PCR collection were included. Cases were mainly females (52.9%), Whites/Asians (73.3%), and unvaccinated against COVID-19 (46.6%). Compared to other university-level professionals, the highest odds of having COVID-19 were found for workers in police and protective services (odds ratio [OR] 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-3.84), healthcare and caregiving (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.34-2.68), and food retail and production (OR 1.88; 95% CI = 1.14-3.11), after adjustment for age, sex, education, means of transport, household crowding, and COVID-19 vaccination. CONCLUSION: Occupation played an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Food retail and production, health care and caregiving, and police and protective services showed the highest odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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The present study aimed to evaluate factors associated with adherence to the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (GAPB) among food service workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 421 employees from 43 food service establishments located in a capital of Brazil. Health and lifestyle data were collected, including the continuous use of medication, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. An instrument based on the GAPB was utilized, covering the domains of planning, household organization, eating habits, and food choices, according to GAPB recommendations. The findings revealed a direct association between the quality of life scores and the total GAPB adherence score (ß = 1.17; p < 0.001), as well as the domains of planning (ß = 0.53; p < 0.001), household organization (ß = 0.22; p = 0.001), and eating habits (ß = 0.38; p < 0.001). Adherence to the GAPB among food service workers was strongly linked to their perception of quality of life, in addition to other factors such as gender, age, education, type of work activity, and variables of lifestyle. Therefore, the eating practices of these employees need to be assessed comprehensively, and enhancing their quality of life can encourage proper and healthy eating.

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Considerando que um grupo é um agenciamento de vínculos intersubjetivos, que permite a expressão de relações entre vários sujeitos, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir a importância dos espaços de simbolização direcionados às equipes profissionais, no que se refere ao impacto destas ações na implementação de políticas públicas. Para esta discussão utilizar-se-á de uma experiência de campo profissional objeto de discussão no processo de doutorado. Participou do campo um grupo de educadores de oficinas culturais e artísticas (oficineiros de cultura) em uma intervenção de Grupo Operativo. Essa equipe profissional (participantes do campo) era composta por doze servidores públicos da Secretaria Municipal de Cultura (SMC) de uma cidade no interior de São Paulo. A duração da intervenção de Grupo Operativo foi de um ano. O trabalho permitiu compreender a importância de espaços que permitam trabalhar/simbolizar as experiências das equipes, no trabalho realizado durante a implementação das políticas: as experiências podem ser elaboradas e reconstruídas, a partir do que é depositado sobre a equipe, seja pela instituição na qual trabalham ou pelos usuários.

Whereas a group is an agency of intersubjective links, which allows the expression of relationships between several subjects, the aim of this article is to discuss the importance of symbolization spaces directed at professional teams, regarding the impact of these actions on the implementation of public policies. For this discussion, field experience will be used the professional subject of discussion in the doctoral process. A group of educators of cultural and artistic workshops (culture "coordinators" named in Brazil "culture oficineiros") in an Operative Group intervention. This professional team (field participants) was composed of twelve public servers of the Municipal Secretariat of Culture (SMC) of a city in the interior of São Paulo. The duration of the Operative Group intervention was one year. The work made it possible to understand the importance of spaces that allow working/symbolizing the experiences of the teams, in the work implementation of policies: experiences can be developed and developed by the reconstructed, from what is deposited on the team, either by the institution in which they work or by users.

Considerando que un grupo es una agencia de vínculos intersubjetivos, que permite la expresión de relaciones entre varios temas, el objetivo de este artículo es discutir la importancia de simbolización dirigida a los equipos profesionales, sobre el impacto de estas acciones en la implementación de políticas públicas. Para esta discusión, se utilizará una experiencia de campo, tema profesional de discusión en el proceso de doctorado. Un grupo de educadores de talleres culturales y artísticos (coordinadores de cultura llamados "oficineiros de cultura" en Brasil) en una intervención de Grupo Operativo. Este equipo profesional (participantes de campo) estaba compuesto por doce servidores autoridades de la Secretaría Municipal de Cultura (SMC) de una ciudad del interior de São Paulo. La duración de la intervención del Grupo Operativo fue de un año. El trabajo permitió comprender la importancia de los espacios que permiten trabajar/simbolizar las experiencias de los equipos, en el trabajo de implementación de políticas: las experiencias pueden ser elaborados y reconstruidos, a partir de lo depositado en el equipo, ya sea por la institución en la que trabajan o por los usuarios.

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Abstract Objective: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the differences in the perception of ethical decision making, organizational ethical climate, and organizational performance, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by some health professionals in public and private hospitals in urban areas in Mexico. Materials and Method: 68 health professionals answered a survey using the snowball sampling technique. This digital structured survey evaluated the demographic characteristics of respondents and 3 dimensions (constructs) divided in 53 items: ethical decision making, organizational ethical climate, and organizational performance, before the COVID-19 pandemic (year 2019) and during the pandemic (year 2020-2021). To compare the differences of the dimensions before and during COVID-19, the t-test was carried out for dependent samples. Results: In the ethical decision making and organizational ethical climate dimensions, there were no statistically significant differences in the averages before and during the pandemic. In relation to the organizational performance there is a statistically significant difference in the averages before and during the pandemic, with a decrease in performance. Conclusions: This research contributes to literature on healthcare service management suggesting to acknowledge that, in an adverse environment, the decision making process based on ethics and an ethical climate should be maintained in the organizations to avoid a more dramatic fall in performance.

Resumen Objetivo: El propósito de este artículo es analizar las diferencias en la percepción de la toma de decisiones éticas, clima ético organizacional y desempeño organizacional, antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19, en algunos profesionales de la salud de hospitales públicos y privados del área urbana de México. Materiales y Métodos: 68 profesionales de la salud respondieron una encuesta utilizando la técnica de muestreo de bola de nieve. Esta encuesta estructurada digital evaluó las características demográficas de los encuestados y 3 dimensiones (constructos) divididas en 53 ítems: toma de decisiones éticas, clima ético organizacional y desempeño organizacional, antes de la pandemia de COVID-19 (año 2019) y durante la pandemia (año 2020-2021). Para comparar las diferencias de las dimensiones antes y durante el COVID-19, se realizó la prueba t para muestras dependientes. Resultados: En las dimensiones toma de decisiones éticas y clima ético organizacional, no se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los promedios antes y durante la pandemia. En relación al desempeño organizacional existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los promedios antes y durante la pandemia, con una disminución en el desempeño. Conclusiones: Esta investigación contribuye a la literatura acerca de la gestión de servicios de salud sugiriendo que, en un entorno adverso, la toma de decisiones basada en la ética y un clima ético deben mantenerse en las organizaciones para evitar una caída más dramática en el desempeño.

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Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a la infección por virus SARS-CoV-2 en trabajadores del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN), en el periodo de abril 2020 a marzo 2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio no experimental, descriptivo, transversal. La muestra corresponde a 608 trabajadores de salud que resultaron positivos a la prueba serológica rápida. Se revisaron las fichas de investigación clínica epidemiológica COVID-19 elaboradas por el Ministerio de Salud de Perú, que fueron autoadministradas por los trabajadores de salud, y el personal de Epidemiología del INSN verificó el llenado de la ficha. Los datos se introdujeron en una base de datos que sirvió para el análisis estadístico respectivo. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité Institucional de Ética en Investigación del INSN (código de registro: PI-17/21). Resultados: La prevalencia fue de 7,24 % de COVID-19 en trabajadores del INSN entre abril del 2020 y marzo del 2021. El 71,4 % fueron mujeres, los participantes presentaron una media de edad de 44,71 años, mayoritariamente en el rango de los 30 a 59 años (83,4 %); el 65,6 % fueron asistenciales, de los cuales la mayoría fueron técnicos en enfermería. El 56,9 % de los trabajadores presentaron síntomas, principalmente fiebre/escalofríos (12,2 %), tos (8,9 %), malestar general (7,7 %), dolor de garganta (6,7 %), congestión nasal (2,5 %) y cefalea (1,3 %) . La mayoría de trabajadores residían en los distritos de Lima . Se encontró asociación significativa por sexo y grupos de edad, tipo de trabajador y perfil del trabajador. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de COVID-19 entre los trabajadores del INSN fue del 7,24 %; las características más frecuentes que mostraron diferencias significativas con el resto de los factores fueron el ser mujer, trabajador asistencial y técnica de enfermería. El 56,9 % de los trabajadores presentó síntomas, solo el 20,9 %, signos clínicos y el 10,9 % tuvo comorbilidades.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among workers of Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN) from April 2020 to March 2021. Materials and methods: A non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 608 workers who tested positive for COVID-19 using a rapid antigen test. The COVID-19 clinical-epidemiological research sheets prepared by the Ministry of Health of Peru and self-administered by the workers were reviewed. The INSN Department of Epidemiology staff verified the completion of the sheets. The data was entered into a database, which was used for the respective statistical analysis. The study was approved by the INSN Institutional Research Ethics Committee (registration code: PI-17/21). Results: COVID-19 prevalence among INSN workers was 7.24 % from April 2020 to March 2021. Out of the workers with COVID-19, 71.4 % were women; 83.4 % were in the 30 to 59 age range with an average age of 44.71 years; 65.6 % were healthcare workers, most of whom were nursing technicians; and 56.9 % experienced symptoms, mainly fever/chills (12.2 %), cough (8.9 %), malaise (7.7 %), sore throat (6.7 %), stuffy nose (2.5 %) and headache (1.3 %). Most workers lived in Lima Centro districts (33.2 %). A significant association between sex, age groups, worker type and worker profile was found. Conclusions: COVID-19 prevalence among INSN workers was 7.24 %; the most frequent characteristics, which showed significant differences with the rest of the factors, were being a woman, healthcare worker and nursing technician. A total of 56.9 % of the workers experienced symptoms, only 20.9 % developed clinical signs and 10.9 % had comorbidities.

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Objetivo: identificar as situações de prazer e sofrimento em profissionais de enfermagem de um serviço de emergência. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado com profissionais da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital pediátrico de Santa Catarina, Brasil. A produção de informações ocorreu em 2021 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e a interpretação dos resultados seguiu os passos da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: as fontes de prazer no trabalho foram: melhora da saúde da criança, identificação com a atividade que exerce, reconhecimento no trabalho e trabalho em equipe. No sofrimento destacaram-se: sobrecarga de trabalho, agravamento da doença da criança, espaço físico inadequado, organização do trabalho centrado no gestor e dificuldade de relacionamento entre colegas. Considerações finais: o reconhecimento dos fatores geradores de prazer e sofrimento e as estratégias de defesas possibilitam buscar respostas que permitam ao profissional de enfermagem manter seu ambiente de trabalho produtivo e menos desgastante.

Objetivo: identificar las situaciones de placer y sufrimiento en profesionales de enfermería de un servicio de emergencia. Método: estudio cualitativo, realizado con profesionales del equipo de enfermería de un hospital pediátrico de Santa Catarina, Brasil. La producción de información tuvo lugar en 2021 a través de una entrevista semiestructurada y la interpretación de los resultados siguió los pasos del análisis de contenido. Resultados: las fuentes de placer en el trabajo fueron: mejora de la salud del niño, identificación con la actividad que ejerce, reconocimiento en el trabajo y trabajo en equipo. En el sufrimiento se destacaron: sobrecarga de trabajo, agravamiento de la enfermedad del niño, espacio físico inadecuado, organización del trabajo centrado en el gestor y dificultad de relación entre colegas. Conclusión: el reconocimiento de los factores generadores de placer y sufrimiento y las estrategias de defensa posibilitan buscar respuestas que permitan al profesional de enfermería mantener su ambiente de trabajo productivo y menos agotador.

Objective: to identify situations of pleasure and suffering in nursing professionals of an emergency service. Method: a qualitative study conducted with professionals from the nursing team of a pediatric hospital in Santa Catarina, Brazil. The production of information occurred in 2021 through semi-structured interviews and the interpretation of the results followed the steps of the content analysis. Results: the sources of pleasure at work were: improvement of children's health, identification with the activity they perform, recognition at work and teamwork. In the suffering, there stood out: work overload, worsening of the child's illness, inadequate physical space, organization of work centered on the manager and difficulty of relationship between colleagues. Conclusion: the recognition of the factors that generate pleasure and suffering and the strategies of defenses allows the search for answers that enable the nursing professional to maintain his/her productive and less exhausting work environment.

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Individuals who experience stress can engage in health-risk behaviours that may decrease work performance. The aim of this study was to determine perceived stress levels in Brazilian workers and verify whether perceived stress was associated with health-risk behaviours. Stress levels of 1,270 workers (1,019 men, 251 women) were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. The health-risk behaviours investigated were low intake of vegetables and fruits, daily smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and the presence of obesity. The Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences in stress levels. Ordinal regression was used to determine the association between the degrees of stress and health-risk behaviours. Women had higher perceived stress levels than men. In addition, perceived stress levels were higher in those who had low socioeconomic status, were unmarried, had a negative perception of their health, were smokers, or had obesity. Smoking and the presence of two or more health-risk behaviours were associated with 1.84 (95% CI: 1.24-2.73) times and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.18-1.89) times higher odds of experiencing higher degrees of stress, respectively. In women, such an association was observed with the presence of obesity (odds ratio: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.01-3.98).

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RESUMEN Introducción: En la patología del síndrome metabólico, de acuerdo con distintas investigaciones y la práctica clínica se han visto manifestaciones de daño hepático. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de transaminasas elevadas (alanina aminotransaminasa y aspartato aminotransaminasa) y determinar su asociación con síndrome metabólico. Métodos: Estudio transversal con procedimientos analíticos. Análisis secundario de los datos generados por el registro electrónico en salud de un policlínico ocupacional. La variable principal fue el diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico. Para definir aspartato aminotransaminasa elevada se consideraron valores > 30 U/L en mujeres y valores > 36 U/L en hombres. Para alanina aminotransaminasa, se consideraron valores > 30 U/L en mujeres y valores > 40 U/L en hombres. Resultados: La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue de 21,82 %, de aspartato aminotransaminasa elevada fue del 10,30 % y alanina aminotransaminasa elevada del 16,67 %. En la regresión múltiple, se ajustó por las covariables confusoras sexo, edad, ocupación, índice de masa corporal, fumar, alcohol y actividad física. Se observó que los pacientes con aspartato aminotransaminasa elevada tenían 128 % mayor frecuencia de síndrome metabólico, respecto a quienes no presentaban valores elevados (razón prevalencia= 2,28; IC95 %: 1,64 - 3,17; p< 0,001). Se encontró que los pacientes con alanina aminotransaminasa elevada tenían 148 % mayor frecuencia de presentar síndrome metabólico respecto a quienes no presentaban valores elevados (razón prevalencia= 2,48; IC95 %: 1,77 - 3,47; p< 0,001). Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre las transaminasas hepáticas elevadas y la presencia de síndrome metabólico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the pathology of metabolic syndrome, manifestations of liver damage have been seen in different investigations and in clinical practice. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of elevated transaminases (alanine aminotransaminase and aspartate aminotransaminase), and to determine their association with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Cross-sectional with analytical procedure study. Secondary analysis of data generated by the electronic health record of an occupational polyclinic. The main variable was the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. To define elevated aspartate aminotransaminase, values > 30 U/L in women and values > 36 U/L in men were considered. For alanine aminotransaminase, values > 30 U/L in women and values > 40 U/L in men were considered. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 21.82%, elevated aspartate aminotransaminase was 10.30% and elevated alanine aminotransaminase was 16.67%. In multiple regression, we adjusted for the confounding covariates of sex, age, occupation, body mass index, smoking, alcohol and physical activity. It was observed that patients with elevated aspartate aminotransaminase had a 128% higher frequency of presenting metabolic syndrome, compared to those without elevated values (reason prevalence= 2.28; 95% CI: 1.64-3.17; p< 0.001). On the other hand, it was found that patients with elevated alanine aminotransaminase had a 148% higher frequency of presenting metabolic syndrome compared to those without elevated values (reason prevalence= 2.48; 95% CI: 1.77 - 3.47; p< 0.001). Conclusions: There is an association between elevated hepatic transaminases and the presence of metabolic syndrome.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the socioeconomic characteristics of nurses and nursing technicians living in Brazil according to color/race. Methods: based on the 2010 Demographic Census sample, 62,451 nursing professionals (nurses and technicians) living in Brazil were selected. Differences in monthly income were estimated by multivariate models, stratified by color or race groups (white, brown, and black). Results: the majority were technicians (61.9%) of white color (54.3%). The income of white nurses exceeded that of brown and black nurses by more than a quarter; among technicians, white professionals had an income approximately 11% higher than brown and black nurses. Conclusions: differences between incomes of nursing workers were associated with ethnic/racial background, revealing situations in which white professionals systematically presented more favorable job and income conditions than black and brown professionals.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar características socioeconómicas de enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería residentes en Brasil segundo color/raza. Métodos: con base en la muestra del Censo Demográfico 2010, fueron seleccionados 62.451 profesionales de enfermería (enfermeros y técnicos) residentes en Brasil. Diferencias de la renta mensual fueron estimadas por modelos multivariados, estratificados por grupos de color o raza (blanca, mestiza y negra). Resultados: la mayoría eran técnicos (61,9%) de color blanca (54,3%). La renta de enfermeros blancos superó en más de » a de los mestizos y negros; entre los técnicos, blancos tenían renta aproximadamente 11% mayor que la de mestizos y negros. Conclusiones: diferencias entre rendimientos de los trabajadores de la enfermería estaban relacionadas al pertenecer étnico-racial, revelando situaciones en las cuales profesionales de color/raza blanca presentaron, sistemáticamente, condiciones más favorables de trabajo y renta, en relación a los negros y mestizos.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar características socioeconômicas de enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem residentes no Brasil segundo cor/raça. Métodos: com base na amostra do Censo Demográfico 2010, foram selecionados 62.451 profissionais de enfermagem (enfermeiros e técnicos) residentes noBrasil. Diferenças da renda mensal foram estimadas por modelos multivariados, estratificados por grupos de cor ou raça (branca, parda e preta). Resultados: a maioria eram técnicos (61,9%) de cor branca (54,3%). A renda de enfermeiros brancos superou em mais de » a dos pardos e pretos; entreos técnicos, brancos tinham renda aproximadamente 11% maior do que a de pardos e pretos. Conclusões: diferenças entre rendimentos dos trabalhadores da enfermagem estavam associadas ao pertencimento étnico-racial, revelando situações nas quais profissionais de cor/raça branca apresentaram, sistematicamente, condições mais favoráveis de trabalho e renda, em relação aos pretos e pardos.

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RESUMO A temática do HIV ainda é permeada de estigmas e culpabilização de indivíduos por seus comportamentos. Políticas públicas, incluindo a de HIV/Aids, são baseadas em categorias políticas que geram efeitos simbólicos, reproduzindo ou enfrentando estigmas. A literatura afirma que Trabalhadores da Linha de Frente (TLF) mobilizam valores pessoais e profissionais nas interações com os usuários, que podem incluir categorias sociais ou políticas. Este artigo objetivou compreender como TLF operam tais categorias em contextos institucionais de ambiguidade, bem como analisar se suas percepções com relação às categorias de comportamento de risco e juventude estão em consonância com as políticas públicas. Foram analisadas 8 normativas e entrevistados 42 trabalhadores de 6 serviços de saúde. Os materiais foram codificados, as categorias oficiais foram comparadas, e as práticas, identificadas. As conclusões sugerem que as categorias sociais e políticas têm influência mútua. As categorias políticas ainda são legitimadas por meio de percepções sociais de normalidade e risco, especialmente ao lidar com populações prioritárias. As categorias sociais, operadas na implementação reforçam estigmas e julgamentos morais sobre alguns jovens, como os negros e pobres, as mães solteiras e a comunidade LGBTQIA+. Os serviços especializados utilizam mais as categorias políticas do que os serviços de atenção primária.

ABSTRACT Discussions about HIV are still permeated with stigmas and placing blame on individuals for their behavior. Public policies, including those related to HIV/AIDS, are based on political categories that can generate symbolic effects, either by reproducing or confronting stigmas. The literature points out that frontline health workers (TLF) apply personal and professional values in their interactions with service users, and that these values may be influenced by social or political categories. This article aims to understand how TLF operate such categories in institutional contexts that might be ambiguous, as well to analyze whether TLF's perceptions of categories related to risk behavior and youth are in line with public policies. We analyzed 8 policy documents and interviewed 42 workers from 6 health services. The materials were coded, the official categories were compared and the practices were identified. The findings suggest that social and political categories have mutual influences. Political categories are still legitimized through social perceptions of normalcy and risk, especially as it relates to priority populations. Social categories, which operate in policy implementation, reinforce stigmas and moral judgments about certain young people, such as blacks and the poor, single mothers and those who belong to the LGBTQIA+ community. Specialized services utilize political categories more than primary care services.

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Avaliar os fatores associados ao absenteísmo por doença em trabalhadores de uma siderúrgica em Vitória, Espírito Santo/Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal, com base na coleta de informações sobre eventos ligados à saúde de colaboradores em uma siderúrgica. Foram avaliados 317 colaboradores do sexo masculino. Para fins deste estudo, foram coletadas variáveis referentes as características sociodemográficas, estilo de vida, características laborais e condição clínica. Os siderúrgicos que trabalhavam no setor operacional apresentaram 3,96 vezes mais chances de se afastarem por doença (IC95% 1,86­8,44). Da mesma forma, os indivíduos pouco ativos tiveram quase o triplo de chances de se absterem do trabalho (OR 2,92, IC95% 1,14­7,46) e os que autoavaliaram negativamente o seu estado de saúde apresentaram mais que o dobro de chances de absenteísmo por doença (OR 2,14, IC95% 1,07­4,29). Sugere-se às empresas desenvolverem programas de condicionamento físico e planos de trabalho para minimizar fatores associados ao absenteísmo por doença.

To evaluate the factors associated with absenteeism due to illness in workers at a steel company in Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study, based on information related to the health of employees in a steel company. A total of 317 male employees were evaluated. Variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, work characteristics, and clinical condition were collected. Steelmakers who worked in the operational sector were 3.96 times more likely to leave because of illness (95% CI 1.86­8.44). Likewise, inactive individuals were almost three times as likely to abstain from work (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.14­7.46) and those who negatively self-rated their health status more than doubled chances of absenteeism due to illness (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.07­4.29). Companies should develop fitness programs and work plans to minimize factors associated with absenteeism due to illness.

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RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar si el reemplazo parcial de silla de oficina por un balón de estabilidad aumenta la fuerza-resistencia de musculatura extensora de tronco y equilibrio estático, así como mejora la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos que realizan trabajo de oficina. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de diseño preexperimental pre-post sin grupo control. La muestra fue intencionada, de 18 trabajadores de oficina entre 25 y 55 años. Durante 8 semanas se realizó un reemplazo parcial y progresivo de una silla de oficina por un balón de estabilidad durante las horas de trabajo. Pre y post al reemplazo se evaluó la fuerza-resistencia de la musculatura extensora de tronco mediante el test clínico Biering Sorensen, el equilibrio estático mediante oscilografía postural y la calidad de vida con el cuestionario de percepción de calidad de vida relacionado con la salud SF-36. Resultados: Se observó una mayor fuerza-resistencia muscular (p=0,003), y un mejor puntaje en las dimensiones rol físico (p=0,041), dolor corporal (p=0,017), salud general (p=0,027), función social (p=0,017), rol emocional (p=0,043) y salud mental (p=0,036). Conclusiones: El reemplazo parcial y progresivo de la silla de oficina por un balón de estabilidad durante 8 semanas aumentó la fuerza-resistencia de la musculatura extensora de tronco y mejoró la percepción de calidad de vida en trabajadores de oficina.

ABSTRACT Aim: To determine if the partial replacement of the office chair with a stability ball increases the strength-resistance of the trunk extensor muscles and static balance, as well as improves the health-related quality of life in office workers. Materials and methods: Pre-post experimental design study without control group. Intentional sample of 18 office workers between 25 and 55 years old. For 8 weeks, a partial and progressive replacement of an oice chair with a stability ball was performed during working hours. Before and after replacement, the strength-resistance of the trunk extensor muscles was evaluated using the Biering Sorensen clinical test, static balance was measured using postural oscillography and quality of life was evaluated with the quality of life perception questionnaire related to health SF-36. Results: Greater muscular strength-endurance (p = 0.003), and a better score in the dimensions of physical role (p = 0.041), body pain (p = 0.017), general health (p = 0.027), social function ( p = 0.017), emotional role (p = 0.043) and mental health (p = 0.036) were observed. Conclusions: The partial and progressive replacement of the office chair by a stability ball for 8 weeks increased the strength-resistance of the trunk extensor muscles and improved the perception of quality of life in office workers.

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O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a prevalência do presenteísmo, bem como suas repercussões na saúde de trabalhadores em uma corporação policial. O presenteísmo se caracteriza no comparecimento ao trabalho, apesar do trabalhador se sentir mal ou adoecido. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo transversal, exploratório-descritivo, através de abordagem metodológica quantitativa e amostragem por conveniência. Como instrumentos de pesquisa foram utilizados o Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) e um Questionário Sócio Demográfico e Ocupacional construído especialmente para este estudo. Como resultados, a avaliação do presenteísmo apontou que 55,4% da amostra (p=0,2169) apresentou certo comprometimento no desempenho do trabalho, sendo esse, primordialmente, associado a fatores de ordem psicológica (capacidade de concentração comprometida). Conclui-se que os achados deste estudo contribuirão para uma melhor compreensão sobre o processo de presenteísmo nessa população, assim como subsequente implementação de abordagens preventivas e promotoras de saúde.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of presenteeism and its impact on the health of workers in a police corporation. Presenteeism is characterized by attendance at work, even though the worker feels sick or ill. To this end, a cross-sectional, exploratory-descriptive study was carried out, with a quantitative approach and convenience sampling. As research instruments, the Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) and a socio-demographic and occupational questionnaire built especially for this study were used. As a result, the evaluation of presenteeism pointed out that 55.4% of the sample (p=0.2169) showed impairment in work performance by presenteeism, which is primarily associated with psychological factors (impaired ability to concentrate). It is concluded that the findings of this study will contribute to the understanding of presenteeism in this population and the subsequent implementation of preventive and health-promoting approaches.

El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la prevalencia del presenteismo, bien como sus impactos en la salud de los trabajadores en una corporación policial. El presenteismo se caracteriza por la asistencia al trabajo, aunque el trabajador se siente enfermo. Con este fin, se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo exploratorio, con un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo y muestra por conveniencia. Como instrumentos de investigación, se utilizaron la Escala de Presentismo de Stanford (SPS-6) y un Cuestionario Socio Demográfico y Ocupacional, creado especialmente para este estudio. Como resultado, la evaluación del presentismo mostró que el 55.4% de la muestra (p=0.2169) mostró un deterioro en el desempeño laboral por el presentismo, que se asoció principalmente con factores psicológicos (capacidad deteriorada para concentrarse). Se concluye que los resultados de este estudio contribuirán a una mejor comprensión del presentismo en esta población, asi como posterior implementación de enfoques preventivos y de promoción de la salud.

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OBJETIVO: Apresentar evidências científicas de possíveis estratégias que podem ser empregadas em trabalhadores para minimização de sofrimento psíquico decorrente do contexto pandêmico. MÉTODO: Durante o mês de maio e junho de 2020 realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica acerca da temática em questão, sendo utilizados os descritores indexados no DeCS: estratégias de enfrentamento; infecções por coronavírus; saúde mental e trabalhadores. Para realizar a pesquisa, os descritores foram combinados nas bases de dados Pepsic, Pubmed e Scielo. RESULTADOS: Foi possível identificar as seguintes estratégias de enfrentamento de caráter preventivo: medidas de identificação precoce dos sintomas mentais, medidas regulares de descanso e treinamento de pessoal. Assim como, foi possível evidenciar medidas de promoção em saúde mental aos trabalhadores, tais como: utilização de primeiros socorros psicológicos; participação de grupos terapêuticos; gerenciamento de crises. E, na área da reabilitação em saúde mental: utilização de técnicas de meditação e mindfulness, tanto para serem executadas por profissionais de saúde, no âmbito organizacional, quanto por ações governamentais. CONCLUSÃO: Considera-se que a informação de técnicas e práticas psicológicas voltadas a saúde psíquica do trabalhador possa contribuir na identificação e controle dos riscos psicossociais e colaborar para o desenvolvimento no campo da Saúde Pública em relação aos processos de saúde-doença dos trabalhadores, em especial, dos agravos a saúde mental derivados da pandemia.

OBJECTIVE: To present scientific evidence of possible strategies that can be used in workers to minimize psychological distress resulting from the pandemic context. METHOD: During the month of May and June 2020, an integrative review of the scientific literature was carried out on the subject in question, using the descriptors indexed in the DeCS: coping strategies; coronavirus infections; mental health and workers. To carry out the research, the descriptors were combined in the Pepsic, Pubmed and Scielo databases. RESULTS: It was possible to identify the following preventive coping strategies: measures for early identification of mental symptoms, regular measures of rest and training of personnel. As well, it was possible to highlight measures to promote mental health to workers, such as: use of psychological first aid; participation of therapeutic groups; crisis management. And, in the area of mental health rehabilitation: use of meditation and mindfulness techniques, both to be performed by health professionals, at the organizational level, as well as by government actions. CONCLUSION: It is considered that the information on psychological techniques and practices aimed at the worker's psychological health can contribute to the identification and control of psychosocial risks and collaborate for the development in the field of Public Health in relation to the workers' health-illness processes, in particular, of the mental health problems resulting from the pandemic.

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Background With the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical practice of physicians who work in the head and neck field in Brazil dropped dramatically. The sustained impact of the pandemic is not known. Methods An anonymous online survey was distributed to Brazilian otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, medical and radiation oncologists, asking about their clinical practice in the third to fourth months of the pandemic. Results The survey was completed by 446 specialists. About 40% reported reduction of more than 75% in outpatient care. A reduction of 90% to 100% in airway endoscopies was reported by 50% of the responders, and the same rate of reduction regarding surgeries (pediatric or nasosinusal) was reported by 80% of them. Family income decreased by 50%, and the psychological burden on physicians was considerable. The availability of personal protective equipment and safety precautions were limited, especially in the public sector. Conclusion COVID-19 is still impacting the head and neck field, and safety concerns may hinder the prompt resumption of elective care.