RESUMO
Objective: To determine the prevalence, sonographic spectrum, and clinical significance of echogenic material in the fetal gallbladder in our population.Methods: Sonographic visualization of the fetal gallbladder was attempted in 3894 consecutive third-trimester pregnancies (4026 fetuses). Gallbladder content was classified as clear (anechoic), containing echogenic material that was either diffuse (sludge), or presenting as a single focus or multiple foci (gallstone(s)). Information on the clinical course was obtained by reviewing the medical records or contacting the provider or the parents themselves.Results: During the three and a half-year study period from July 2014 to December 2017, 19 fetuses were identified as having echogenic material in the gallbladder (prevalence 1/211, 0.47%). Among them, echogenic biliary sludge was found in eight fetuses (42%); all eight were asymptomatic and a normal gallbladder was documented postnatally in four of them. Single (n = 3) or multiple (n = 8) echogenic foci were found in 58% of cases, which was associated with a good prognosis and subsequent resolution between 1 and 10 months of life in all cases.Conclusions: The prevalence of echogenic material in the fetal gallbladder in our population was similar to that previously reported in the literature. The prognosis appears to be favorable, with resolution and without subsequent postnatal hepatic or gastrointestinal complications in all cases.
Assuntos
Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/epidemiologia , Humanos , Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , PrevalênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To create reference charts for fetal age assessment based on fetal sonographic biometry in a population of pregnant women living in the third largest city in Colombia and compare them with charts included in ultrasound machines. METHODS: The study data were obtained from women with a single pregnancy and confirmed gestational age between 12 and 40 completed weeks. All women were recruited specifically for the study, and every fetus was measured only once for biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length. Polynomial regression models for gestational age as a function of each fetal measurement were fitted to estimate the mean and standard deviation. Percentile curves of gestational age were constructed for each fetal measurement using these regression models. RESULTS: Biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length were measured in 792 fetuses. Tables and charts of gestational age were derived for each fetal parameter. A cubic polynomial model was the best-fitted regression model to describe the relationships between gestational age and each fetal measurement. The standard deviation was estimated by simple linear regression as a function of each fetal measurement. Comparison of our gestational age mean z scores with those calculated by reference equations showed statistically significant differences (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: We present a set of reference charts, tables, and formulas for fetal age assessment based on fetal sonographic biometry. The results support the recommendation that these charts and tables could be more appropriate for assessing fetal age in Colombian populations than those currently included in the software of ultrasound machines.
Assuntos
Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto/estatística & dados numéricos , Biometria/métodos , Tamanho Corporal , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Fêmur/embriologia , Idade Gestacional , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto/métodos , Algoritmos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To create reference charts for fetal sonographic biometric measurements in a population of pregnant women living in the third largest city in Colombia and compare them with charts included in ultrasound machines. METHODS: The data were obtained from women with a single pregnancy and confirmed gestational (menstrual) age between 12 and 40 weeks. All women were recruited specifically for the study, and every fetus was measured only once for biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length. Raw data for each fetal measurement were modeled by fitting regression models separately to estimate the mean and standard deviation as a function of gestational age. Percentile curves were constructed for each measurement by gestational age using these two regression models. We compared our mean z scores with those expected by reference equations. RESULTS: Measurements were obtained for 792 fetuses. A cubic polynomial model was the best-fitted regression model to describe the relationships between each fetal measurement and gestational age. The standard deviation for each measurement was estimated by simple linear regression as a function of gestational age. Comparison of our mean z scores with those by reference equations showed significant differences in some fetal measurements (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: We present a set of reference percentile charts, tables, and formulas for fetal biometric measurements from a Colombian population. We believe that our fetal charts could be used nationwide in Colombia; nevertheless, a national sample will contribute to their validation and promotion of the development of Colombian fetal size charts.