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The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of alien phytoplankton species transported through ballast water of ships that docked on the Amazon coast. Phytoplankton samples were collected from 25 ships between 2012 and 2014, revealing 215 identified species, mostly comprising oceanic planktonic marine species. However, several coastal and freshwater species not yet documented on the Maranhão coast were also observed. The identification of several coastal and freshwater species not yet recorded for Amazonian environments in the ballast water of the Ponta da Madeira Maritime Terminal (TMPM), as well as toxic microalgae genera such as the dinoflagellates Alexandrium and Gymnodinium and of some diatom species from the genus Pseudo-nitzchia, raises concerns regarding the possibility of introducing species. This indicates that ballast water can be responsible for the introduction of alien species in Amazonian aquatic environments, thereby highlighting the TMPM as a critical hotspot in the Amazonian region.
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Monitoramento Ambiental , Espécies Introduzidas , Fitoplâncton , Brasil , Navios , Diatomáceas , Dinoflagellida , Água do Mar/química , Água DoceRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: On November 24, 2017, lung transplant allocation switched from donation service area to a 250-nautical mile radius policy to improve equity in access to lung transplantation. Given the growing consideration of healthcare costs, we evaluated changes in hospitalization costs after this policy change. METHODS: Lung transplant hospitalizations were identified within the National Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2020. Recipients were categorized as donation service area era (August 2015 to October 2017) or non-donation service area era (December 2017 to February 2020). Median total hospitalization costs (inflation adjusted) were compared by era nationally and regionally. Multivariable generalized linear regression was performed to determine if the removal of the donation service area was associated with total hospitalization costs. The model was adjusted for recipient demographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index, hospitalization region, transplant type (single, double), and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ex vivo lung perfusion, and mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: We analyzed 12,985 lung transplant recipients (median age of 61 years, 66% were male): 7070 in the donation service area era and 5915 in the non-donation service area era. Demographics were not different between recipients in both eras. Non-donation service area era recipients had greater extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use, mechanical ventilation (<24 hours), and longer length of stay than donation service area era recipients. Median total hospitalization costs for non-donation service area versus donation service area era recipients increased by $24,198 ($157,964 vs $182,162, percentage change = 15.32%, P < .001). Median costs increased in East North Central ($42,281) and Mountain ($35,521) regions (both P < .01). After adjustment, median costs for non-donation service area versus donation service area era recipients still increased ($19,168, 95% CI, 145-38,191, P = .048). CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization costs for lung transplant hospitalizations have increased from 2015 to 2020. The transition from donation service area-based allocation to the non-donation service area system may have contributed to this increase after 2017 by increasing access to transplant for sicker recipients.
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BACKGROUND: Obesity is a complex and multifactorial medical condition that can have far reaching consequences on cancer patients, particularly those undergoing treatment such as chemotherapy. Our study focuses to comprehensively explore the various adverse outcomes in obese patients receiving chemotherapy during hospitalization. METHODS: The National Inpatient Sample 2020 was used using the ICD-10 codes to identify patients hospitalized with a primary discharge diagnosis of neoplastic chemotherapy with or without a secondary diagnosis of obesity. Statistical analysis using Stata software was done, and primary and secondary outcomes were obtained after adjusting for confounders using multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: Mortality was similar in both obese and non-obese patients. Length of stay and total hospitalization charges were increased in obese patients. Obese patients had higher odds of developing acute respiratory failure and were more likely to require non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION: Our study concluded that obesity could be considered an independent predictor of worse outcomes in patients admitted for neoplastic chemotherapy. Notably, addressing obesity could help to improve the efficacy of treatment for cancer patients while simultaneously reducing any negative consequences associated with being obese.
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Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Hospitalização , Morbidade , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Although hyponatremia and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are known independent predictors of mortality, their combined effect is unknown. We investigated whether the inpatient mortality differed among patients with both hyponatremia and HE compared to those with either hyponatremia or HE alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to identify US adults (aged ≥18 years) with cirrhosis between January 1st, 2016, and December 31st, 2017. We analyzed the effects of hyponatremia, HE, or a combination of hyponatremia and HE on inpatient mortality using logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 309,841 cirrhosis-related admissions, 22,870 (7%) patients died during hospitalization. Those with a combination of hyponatremia and HE had higher mortality (14%) than those with HE only (11%), hyponatremia only (9%), and neither hyponatremia nor HE (6%) (p<0.001). When compared to patients without hyponatremia or HE, patients with both hyponatremia and HE had the highest odds (adjusted odds ratio or aOR) of inpatient mortality (aOR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.79 - 2.01) followed by patients with HE only (aOR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.69 - 1.82) and patients with hyponatremia only (aOR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.12 - 1.22). Patients with HE only had 50% higher odds of inpatient mortality when compared to those with hyponatremia only (aOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.43 - 1.57). CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide study, the presence of both hyponatremia and HE was associated with higher inpatient mortality than either hyponatremia or HE alone.
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Encefalopatia Hepática , Hiponatremia , Adulto , Humanos , Adolescente , Pacientes Internados , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/diagnósticoRESUMO
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how polarized sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression may regulate iodide metabolism in vivo. Materials and methods: Polarized NIS expression was analyzed in tissues that accumulate iodide by the use of immunohistochemistry and polyclonal antibody against the C-terminal end of human NIS (hNIS). Results: Iodide absorption in the human intestine occurs via NIS expressed in the apical membrane. Iodide is secreted into the lumen of the stomach and salivary glands via NIS expressed in the basolateral membrane and then circulates back from the small intestine to the bloodstream via NIS expressed in the apical membrane. Conclusion: Polarized NIS expression in the human body regulates intestinal-bloodstream recirculation of iodide, perhaps prolonging the availability of iodide in the bloodstream. This leads to more efficient iodide trapping by the thyroid gland. Understanding the regulation and manipulating gastrointestinal iodide recirculation could increase radioiodine availability during theranostic NIS applications.
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Iodo , Simportadores , Humanos , Iodetos/metabolismo , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Corpo Humano , Simportadores/metabolismoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how polarized sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression may regulate iodide metabolism in vivo. Materials and methods: Polarized NIS expression was analyzed in tissues that accumulate iodide by the use of immunohistochemistry and polyclonal antibody against the C-terminal end of human NIS (hNIS). Results: Iodide absorption in the human intestine occurs via NIS expressed in the apical membrane. Iodide is secreted into the lumen of the stomach and salivary glands via NIS expressed in the basolateral membrane and then circulates back from the small intestine to the bloodstream via NIS expressed in the apical membrane. Conclusion: Polarized NIS expression in the human body regulates intestinal-bloodstream recirculation of iodide, perhaps prolonging the availability of iodide in the bloodstream. This leads to more efficient iodide trapping by the thyroid gland. Understanding the regulation and manipulating gastrointestinal iodide recirculation could increase radioiodine availability during theranostic NIS applications.
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Thyroid disruptors are found in food, atmosphere, soil, and water. These contaminants interfere with the thyroid function through the impairment of thyroid hormone synthesis, plasma transport, peripheral metabolism, transport into the target cells, and thyroid hormone action. It is well known that iodide uptake mediated by the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) is the first limiting step involved in thyroid hormones production. Therefore, it has been described that several thyroid disruptors interfere with the thyroid function through the regulation of NIS expression and/or activity. Perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate competitively inhibit the NIS-mediated iodide uptake. These contaminants are mainly found in food, water and in the smoke of cigarettes. Although the impact of the human exposure to these anions is highly controversial, some studies indicated their deleterious effects in the thyroid function, especially in individuals living in iodine deficient areas. Considering the critical role of thyroid function and the production of thyroid hormones for growth, metabolism, and development, this review summarizes the impact of the exposure to these NIS-inhibitors on thyroid function and their consequences for human health.
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Poluentes Ambientais , Percloratos , Humanos , Percloratos/toxicidade , Percloratos/metabolismo , Tiocianatos/metabolismo , Tiocianatos/farmacologia , Nitratos/metabolismo , Nitratos/farmacologia , Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Iodetos/metabolismo , Iodetos/farmacologia , Hormônios Tireóideos , Água/metabolismoRESUMO
Objective: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a surgical emergency with significant morbidity and mortality, as well as significant center-level variation in outcomes. Our study aims to leverage a nationally representative database to assess contemporary in-hospital outcomes in surgical repair of ATAAD, as well as the association of age and sex with outcomes. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample was queried to identify hospital discharge records of patients aged ≥18 years who underwent urgent surgical repair of ATAAD between 2017 and 2018. Patients with a diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection, who underwent surgical intervention of the ascending aorta, were identified. Patient demographics were assessed, and predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified. Results: We identified 7805 weighted cases of surgically repaired ATAAD nationally, with an overall mortality of 15.3%. Mean age was 60.0 ± 13.6 years. There was a male predominance, although female subjects made up a larger proportion of older age groups-female subjects up 18.4% of patients younger than 40 years with ATAAD but 53.6% of patients older than 80 years. In multivariable analysis controlling for sex, race, comorbidities, and malperfusion, age was a significant predictor of mortality. Patients aged 71 to 80 years had a 5.3-fold increased risk of mortality compared with patients ≤40 years old (P < .001), and patients aged >80 years had a 6.8-fold increased risk of mortality (P < .001). Sex was not significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions: Surgical repair of ATAAD continues to carry high risk of morbidity and mortality, with outcomes impacted significantly by patient age, regardless of patient comorbidity burden.
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Radioiodine therapy (RAI) is a standard and effective therapeutic approach for differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) based on the unique capacity for iodide uptake and accumulation of the thyroid gland through the Na+/I- symporter (NIS). However, around 5-15% of DTC patients may become refractory to radioiodine, which is associated with a worse prognosis. The loss of RAI avidity due to thyroid cancers is attributed to cell dedifferentiation, resulting in NIS repression by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Targeting the signaling pathways potentially involved in this process to induce de novo iodide uptake in refractory tumors is the rationale of "redifferentiation strategies". Oxidative stress (OS) results from the imbalance between ROS production and depuration that favors a pro-oxidative environment, resulting from increased ROS production, decreased antioxidant defenses, or both. NIS expression and function are regulated by the cellular redox state in cancer and non-cancer contexts. In addition, OS has been implicated in thyroid tumorigenesis and thyroid cancer cell dedifferentiation. Here, we review the main aspects of redox homeostasis in thyrocytes and discuss potential ROS-dependent mechanisms involved in NIS repression in thyroid cancer.
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Simportadores , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Homeostase , Humanos , Iodetos/metabolismo , Radioisótopos do Iodo/uso terapêutico , Oxirredução , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Simportadores/genética , Simportadores/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologiaRESUMO
The transcription factor CREB3L1 is expressed in a wide variety of tissues including cartilage, pancreas, and bone. It is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and upon stimulation is transported to the Golgi where is proteolytically cleaved. Then, the N-terminal domain translocates to the nucleus to activate gene expression. In thyroid follicular cells, CREB3L1 is a downstream effector of thyrotropin (TSH), promoting the expression of proteins of the secretory pathway along with an expansion of the Golgi volume. Here, we analyzed the role of CREB3L1 as a TSH-dependent transcriptional regulator of the expression of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), a major thyroid protein that mediates iodide uptake. We show that overexpression and inhibition of CREB3L1 induce an increase and decrease in the NIS protein and mRNA levels, respectively. This, in turn, impacts on NIS-mediated iodide uptake. Furthermore, CREB3L1 knockdown hampers the increase the TSH-induced NIS expression levels. Finally, the ability of CREB3L1 to regulate the promoter activity of the NIS-coding gene (Slc5a5) was confirmed. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of CREB3L1 in maintaining the homeostasis of thyroid follicular cells, regulating the adaptation of the secretory pathway as well as the synthesis of thyroid-specific proteins in response to TSH stimulation.
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Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico , Simportadores , Células Epiteliais da Tireoide , Animais , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Ratos , Simportadores/genética , Simportadores/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais da Tireoide/metabolismo , Tireotropina/metabolismo , Tireotropina/farmacologiaRESUMO
The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expresses at the basolateral plasma membrane of the thyroid follicular cell and mediates iodide accumulation required for normal thyroid hormonogenesis. Loss-of-function NIS variants cause congenital hypothyroidism due to impaired iodide accumulation in thyroid follicular cells underscoring the significance of NIS for thyroid physiology. Here we report novel findings derived from the thorough characterization of the nonsense NIS mutant p.R636* NIS-leading to a truncated protein missing the last eight amino acids-identified in twins with congenital hypothyroidism. R636* NIS is severely mislocalized into intracellular vesicular compartments due to the lack of a conserved carboxy-terminal type 1 PDZ-binding motif. As a result, R636* NIS is barely targeted to the plasma membrane and therefore iodide transport is reduced. Deletion of the PDZ-binding motif causes NIS accumulation into late endosomes and lysosomes. Using PDZ domain arrays, we revealed that the PDZ-domain containing protein SCRIB binds to the carboxy-terminus of NIS by a PDZ-PDZ interaction. Furthermore, in CRISPR/Cas9-based SCRIB deficient cells, NIS expression at the basolateral plasma membrane is compromised, leading to NIS localization into intracellular vesicular compartments. We conclude that the PDZ-binding motif is a plasma membrane retention signal that participates in the polarized expression of NIS by selectively interacting with the PDZ-domain containing protein SCRIB, thus retaining the transporter at the basolateral plasma membrane. Our data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate NIS expression at the plasma membrane, a topic of great interest in the thyroid cancer field considering the relevance of NIS-mediated radioactive iodide therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
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Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Simportadores/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Códon sem Sentido , Hipotireoidismo Congênito/genética , Hipotireoidismo Congênito/metabolismo , Sequência Conservada , Cães , Endossomos/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino , Proteínas de Membrana/química , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Modelos Moleculares , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Domínios PDZ/genética , Estrutura Secundária de Proteína , Ratos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/química , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Simportadores/química , Simportadores/genética , Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/química , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genéticaRESUMO
For decades, sodium/iodide symporter NIS-mediated iodide uptake has played a crucial role in the radioactive ablation of thyroid cancer cells. NIS-based gene therapy has also become a promising tool for the treatment of tumors of extrathyroidal origin. But its applicability has been hampered by reduced expression of NIS, resulting in a moderated capacity to accumulate 131I and in inefficient ablation. Despite numerous preclinical enhancement strategies, the understanding of NIS expression within tumors remains limited. This study aims at a better understanding of the functional behavior of exogenous NIS expression in the context of malignant solid tumors that are characterized by rapid growth with an insufficient vasculature, leading to hypoxia and quiescence. Using subcutaneous HT29NIS and K7M2NIS tumors, we show that NIS-mediated uptake and NIS expression at the plasma membrane of cancer cells are impaired in the intratumoral regions. For a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms induced by hypoxia and quiescence (separately and in combination), we performed experiments on HT29NIS cancer cells. Hypoxia and quiescence were both found to impair NIS-mediated uptake through mechanisms including NIS mis-localization. Modifications in the expression of proteins and metabolites involved in plasma membrane localization and in energy metabolism were found using untargeted proteomics and metabolomics approaches. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that hypoxia and quiescence impair NIS expression at the plasma membrane, and iodide uptake. Our study also shows that the tumor microenvironment is an important parameter for successful NIS-based cancer treatment.
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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Weekend admissions has previously been associated with worse outcomes in conditions requiring specialists. Our study aimed to determine in-hospital outcomes in patients with ascites admitted over the weekends versus weekdays. Time to paracentesis from admission was studied as current guidelines recommend paracentesis within 24h for all patients admitted with worsening ascites or signs and symptoms of sepsis/hepatic encephalopathy (HE). PATIENTS: We analyzed 70 million discharges from the 2005-2014 National Inpatient Sample to include all adult patients admitted non-electively for ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), and HE with ascites with cirrhosis as a secondary diagnosis. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality, complication rates, and resource utilization. Odds ratios (OR) and means were adjusted for confounders using multivariate regression analysis models. RESULTS: Out of the total 195,083 ascites/SBP/HE-related hospitalizations, 47,383 (24.2%) occurred on weekends. Weekend group had a higher number of patients on Medicare and had higher comorbidity burden. There was no difference in mortality rate, total complication rates, length of stay or total hospitalization charges between the patients admitted on the weekend or weekdays. However, patients admitted over the weekends were less likely to undergo paracentesis (OR 0.89) and paracentesis within 24h of admission (OR 0.71). The mean time to paracentesis was 2.96 days for weekend admissions vs. 2.73 days for weekday admissions. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a statistically significant "weekend effect" in the duration to undergo paracentesis in patients with ascites/SBP/HE-related hospitalizations. However, it did not affect the patient's length of stay, hospitalization charges, and in-hospital mortality.
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Plantão Médico/tendências , Ascite/terapia , Cirrose Hepática/terapia , Paracentese/tendências , Admissão do Paciente/tendências , Tempo para o Tratamento/tendências , Plantão Médico/economia , Ascite/diagnóstico , Ascite/economia , Ascite/mortalidade , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Preços Hospitalares/tendências , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , Tempo de Internação , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/economia , Cirrose Hepática/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paracentese/efeitos adversos , Paracentese/economia , Paracentese/mortalidade , Admissão do Paciente/economia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Tempo para o Tratamento/economia , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Some endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can affect the endocrine system through covalent interactions with specific sites, leading to deregulation of physiological homeostasis. The acrylamide (AA) present in some fried or baked foods is an example of an electrophile molecule that is able to form adducts with nucleophilic regions of nervous system proteins leading to neurological defects. A positive correlation between increased urinary AA metabolite concentration and reduced levels of thyroid hormones (TH) was described in adolescents and young adults. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate whether AA affects the physiology of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and the possible repercussions in peripheral TH-target systems. For this, male Wistar rats were exposed to doses of 2.5 or 5.0 mg AA/Kg/day, based on the LOAEL (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level) during prepubertal development. The expression of molecular markers of HPT functionality was investigated in the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, heart and liver, as well as the hormonal and lipid profiles in blood samples. Herein, we showed that AA acts as EDCs for thyroid gland function, increasing the transcript expression of several proteins related to TH synthesis and altering hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis homeostasis, an effect evidenced by the higher levels of THs in the serum. Compensatory mechanisms were observed in TH-target tissues, such as an increase in Dio3 mRNA expression in the liver and a reduction in Mct8 transcript content in the hearts of AA-treated rats. Together, these results pointed out an allostatic regulation of the HPT axis induced by AA and suggest that chronic exposure to it, mainly associated with food consumption, might be related to the higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions.
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BACKGROUND: Thyroid iodide uptake, mediated by the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis and also for treatment of thyroid diseases, such as thyroid cancer, through radioiodine therapy. Therefore, compounds able to increase thyroid iodide uptake could be clinically useful, and it is of great importance to unravel the mechanisms underlying such an effect. It has been shown previously that the flavonoid rutin increases thyroid radioiodide uptake in vivo in rats. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the stimulatory effect of rutin on iodide uptake. METHODS: This study evaluated iodide uptake, NIS expression and its subcellular distribution, iodide efflux, reactive oxygen species levels, and the intracellular pathways involved in NIS regulation in a rat thyroid PCCL3 cell line treated with rutin. RESULTS: Similar to previous results found in vivo, rutin increased radioiodide uptake in PCCL3 cells, which was accompanied by increased NIS expression (at both the mRNA and protein levels) and a reduction of radioiodide efflux. Moreover, the results suggest that rutin could regulate NIS subcellular distribution, leading to higher levels of NIS at the cell membrane. In addition, rutin decreased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and phospho-5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. CONCLUSIONS: The flavonoid rutin seems to be an important stimulator of radioiodide uptake, acting at multiple levels, an effect that can be due to decreased oxidative stress, reduced 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation, or both. Since thyroid iodide uptake is crucial for effective radioiodine therapy, the results suggest that rutin could be useful as an adjuvant in radioiodine therapy.
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Adenilato Quinase/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Rutina/farmacologia , Simportadores/metabolismo , Glândula Tireoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Iodeto de Sódio/farmacologia , Glândula Tireoide/metabolismoRESUMO
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system and the incidence has been increasing in recent years. In a great part of the differentiated carcinomas, thyrocytes are capable of uptaking iodide. In these cases, the main therapeutic approach includes thyroidectomy followed by ablative therapy with radioiodine. However, in part of the patients, the capacity to concentrate iodide is lost due to down-regulation of the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), the protein responsible for transporting iodide into the thyrocytes. Thus, therapy with radioiodide becomes ineffective, limiting therapeutic options and reducing the life expectancy of the patient. Excessive ingestion of some flavonoids has been associated with thyroid dysfunction and goiter. Nevertheless, studies have shown that some flavonoids can be beneficial for thyroid cancer, by reducing cell proliferation and increasing cell death, besides increasing NIS mRNA levels and iodide uptake. Recent data show that the flavonoids apingenin and rutin are capable of increasing NIS function and expression in vivo. Herein we review literature data regarding the effect of flavonoids on thyroid cancer, besides the effect of these compounds on the expression and function of the sodium-iodide symporter. We will also discuss the possibility of using flavonoids as adjuvants for therapy of thyroid cancer.
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Flavonoides/farmacologia , Iodetos/metabolismo , Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Feminino , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Glândula Tireoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To quantify the number of missed opportunities for vaccination with hepatitis A vaccine in children and assess the association of missed opportunities for hepatitis A vaccination with covariates of interest. STUDY DESIGN: Weighted data from the 2013 National Immunization Survey of US children aged 19-35 months were used. Analysis was restricted to children with provider-verified vaccination history (n = 13 460). Missed opportunities for vaccination were quantified by determining the number of medical visits a child made when another vaccine was administered during eligibility for hepatitis A vaccine, but hepatitis A vaccine was not administered. Cross-sectional bivariate and multivariate polytomous logistic regression were used to assess the association of missed opportunities for vaccination with child and maternal demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic covariates. RESULTS: In 2013, 85% of children in our study population had initiated the hepatitis A vaccine series, and 60% received 2 or more doses. Children who received zero doses of hepatitis A vaccine had an average of 1.77 missed opportunities for vaccination compared with 0.43 missed opportunities for vaccination in those receiving 2 doses. Children with 2 or more missed opportunities for vaccination initiated the vaccine series 6 months later than children without missed opportunities. In the fully adjusted multivariate model, children who were younger, had ever received WIC benefits, or lived in a state with childcare entry mandates were at a reduced odds for 2 or more missed opportunities for vaccination; children living in the Northeast census region were at an increased odds. CONCLUSIONS: Missed opportunities for vaccination likely contribute to the poor coverage for hepatitis A vaccination in children; it is important to understand why children are not receiving the vaccine when eligible.
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Hepatite A/prevenção & controle , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinas contra Hepatite Viral/administração & dosagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Background: Some blood parameters have diagnostic and prognostic importance for the infections in human medicine. However, there is insufficient research regarding the importance of blood parameters and their correlations in veterinary medicine. Increased blood cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet activity can link with the important inflammatory markers. The main objective of the present study was the evaluation of the relationship among some important blood parameters namely RDW, platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), their potential usage in the diagnosis and determination of the clinical severity in dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, the case records of 29 dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis were evaluated and the records of 10 healthy dogs were used as controls. The animals of the study group were presented at the Ondokuz Mayis University, Veterinary Internal Medicine Clinic. The complete blood count (CBC), which includes the total WBC, RBC, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin concentration (Hgb), MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), RDW, PLT, MPV, PCT, and PDW, was determined. Significant positive correlations between RDW and RBC, HCT, MCHC, PLT and PDW, and a negative correlation with MCV, were determined. PDW was positively correlated with the lymphocyte count, MCHC and RDW, and negatively correlated with PCT. PLT was negatively correlated with MCV and MPV and positively correlated with RBC and RDW. In addition, MPV was positively correlated with MCV and MCH, and negatively correlated with PLT. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the granulocyte, WBC, HCT, RDW and PDW values (P < 0.001) and monocyte count, Hgb and MCV (P < 0.05), of the study and control groups. [ ]
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Animais , Cães , Contagem de Eritrócitos/veterinária , Contagem de Plaquetas/veterinária , Enterite/diagnóstico , Enterite/veterinária , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/veterinária , Hemorragia , Padrões de ReferênciaRESUMO
Background: Some blood parameters have diagnostic and prognostic importance for the infections in human medicine. However, there is insufficient research regarding the importance of blood parameters and their correlations in veterinary medicine. Increased blood cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet activity can link with the important inflammatory markers. The main objective of the present study was the evaluation of the relationship among some important blood parameters namely RDW, platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), their potential usage in the diagnosis and determination of the clinical severity in dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, the case records of 29 dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis were evaluated and the records of 10 healthy dogs were used as controls. The animals of the study group were presented at the Ondokuz Mayis University, Veterinary Internal Medicine Clinic. The complete blood count (CBC), which includes the total WBC, RBC, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin concentration (Hgb), MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), RDW, PLT, MPV, PCT, and PDW, was determined. Significant positive correlations between RDW and RBC, HCT, MCHC, PLT and PDW, and a negative correlation with MCV, were determined. PDW was positively correlated with the lymphocyte count, MCHC and RDW, and negatively correlated with PCT. PLT was negatively correlated with MCV and MPV and positively correlated with RBC and RDW. In addition, MPV was positively correlated with MCV and MCH, and negatively correlated with PLT. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the granulocyte, WBC, HCT, RDW and PDW values (P < 0.001) and monocyte count, Hgb and MCV (P < 0.05), of the study and control groups. [ ](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Enterite/diagnóstico , Enterite/veterinária , Contagem de Plaquetas/veterinária , Contagem de Eritrócitos/veterinária , Hemorragia , Padrões de Referência , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/veterináriaRESUMO
From January 2011 to December 2014 were diagnosed 9 outbreaks of Oestrus ovis infection in small ruminants (Outbreaks A-I) in the State of Bahia. The incidence of oestrosis in sheep in outbreak A was 0.5% (1/200), in B 2.2% (2/90), in C 0.8% (1/120), in D 2% (2/100), in E 1% (1/100), in F 3% (1/33), in G 0.6% (1/150), in H 2.5% (5/200), and in I 11.42% (8/70), and 5% (2/40) in goats. Clinical signs associated with parasitism were wheezing, sneezing followed by catarrhal nasal secretion, some restlessness, excessive head movement and walking in circles. The breasts and turbinates were hyperemic, with mucosal edema and presence of O. ovis larvae. All larvae collected from the turbinates ranged from the first to the third stage of development. Some L3 larvae collected at necropsy were incubated and the gray colored Imago with dark abdomen obtained from the pupae measured about 10mm. A descriptive analysis of the climatic conditions was carried out; in the year of investigation the incidence of O. ovis infection has grown (p 0.001), and the lowest mean minimum temperature (p 0.001) caused the development the O. ovis fly, so that there was an introduction of an increased number of these flies into the sheep and goat flocks in state of Bahia with the ideal climatic conditions for their perpetuation.(AU)
No período de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2014 foram diagnosticados 9 surtos (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H e I) de Oestrus ovis em pequenos ruminantes no estado da Bahia. No surto A obteve-se 0,5% (1/200); B 2,2% (2/90); C 0,8% (1/120); D 2% (2/100); E 1% (1/100); F 3% (1/33); G 0,6% (1/150); H 2,5% (5/200); I com 11,4% (8/70) em ovinos e 5% (2/40) em caprinos. Os sinais clínicos associados ao parasitismo pelas larvas nos surtos foram respiração ruidosa, espirro seguido de secreção nasal catarral, inquietação, movimentação excessiva da cabeça e andar em círculo. Macroscopicamente havia nos seios e conchas nasais hiperemia, edema da mucosa e presença de larvas. Todas as larvas coletadas dos cornetos e conchas nasais variavam desde o primeiro ao terceiro estágio de desenvolvimento. Algumas larvas L3 coletadas nas necropsias foram incubadas e o imago obtido das pupas mediram aproximadamente 10mm de cor acinzentada e abdômen escurecido. Realizada análise descritiva das condições climáticas, ano e positividade de casos de oestrose, demonstrou que a ocorrência tem tendência de crescimento com os anos (p0,001) e que houve casos com menor média de temperatura mínima (p0,001), possibilitando o desenvolvimento da mosca de O. ovis, demonstrando que houve a introdução da mosca enTtre o rebanho de ovinos e caprinos do estado da Bahia, e que as condições climáticas são ideais para perpetuação da espécie.(AU)