RESUMO
Numerous systematic reviews (SRs) have produced conflicting findings on engine-driven nickel-titanium reciprocating instruments (reciprocating instruments) since Yared's seminal study 15 years ago. This umbrella review analysed SRs examining the clinical and laboratory evidence regarding reciprocating instruments for root canal treatment. SRs that evaluated qualitatively and/or quantitatively the outcomes postoperative pain, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), shaping ability, debris extrusion, microbial load, endotoxins reduction, cyclic fatigue, file fracture, dentinal cracks and root canal filling removal were included. The AMSTAR 2 tool was used to evaluate SRs quality, while the ROBIS tool to assess risk of bias (RoB). Forty SRs were included. The SRs revealed predominantly 'high' RoB and 'critically low' quality. Most focused on technical outcomes, exhibiting significant methodological and statistical heterogeneity. Findings suggest comparable efficacy between reciprocating and rotary instruments. However, due to the scarcity of high-quality evidence, future well-designed studies and reviews considering core outcome measures are needed.
Assuntos
Níquel , Preparo de Canal Radicular , Titânio , Humanos , Preparo de Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Instrumentos OdontológicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the fracture incidence of Reciproc R25 instruments (VDW) used during non-surgical root canal retreatments performed by students in a postgraduate endodontic program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the analysis of clinical record cards and periapical radiographs of root canal retreatments performed by postgraduate students using the Reciproc R25, a total of 1,016 teeth (2,544 root canals) were selected. The instruments were discarded after a single use. The general incidence of instrument fractures and its frequency was analyzed considering the group of teeth and the root thirds where the fractures occurred. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test (p < 0.01). RESULTS: Seven instruments were separated during the procedures. The percentage of fracture in relation to the number of instrumented canals was 0.27% and 0.68% in relation to the number of instrumented teeth. Four fractures occurred in maxillary molars, 1 in a mandibular molar, 1 in a mandibular premolar and 1 in a maxillary incisor. A greater number of fractures was observed in molars when compared with the number of fractures observed in the other dental groups (p < 0.01). Considering all of the instrument fractures, 71.43% were located in the apical third and 28.57% in the middle third (p < 0.01). One instrument fragment was removed, one bypassed, while in 5 cases, the instrument fragment remained inside the root canal. CONCLUSIONS: The use of Reciproc R25 instruments in root canal retreatments carried out by postgraduate students was associated with a low incidence of fractures.
RESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the effects of the [NaF 12 g L-1 + NaCl 1 g L-1 ] solution used in the electrochemical dissolution process of fractured endodontic files, as well as its NiTi-containing product, on dentine hardness, topography and human fibroblast viability. METHODOLOGY: Sixty single-rooted human teeth were evaluated for dentine microhardness using the Vickers hardness test and the area and number of dentinal tubules by scanning electron microscopy. The samples were divided according to the dentine surface treatment: distilled water; 17% EDTA; [NaF 12 g L-1 + NaCl 1 g L-1 ]; and 17% EDTA + [NaF 12 g L-1 + NaCl 1 g L-1 ]. Thirty-six single-rooted human teeth were divided according to the irrigation protocol: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium + 10% foetal bovine serum; 5.25% NaOCl; [NaF 12 g L-1 + NaCl 1 g L-1 ]; and [NaF 12 g L-1 + NaCl 1 g L-1 + NiTi]. The extracts in contact with the apical foramen were used in the MTT assay to evaluate human fibroblast viability, with dilutions of 100%, 50%, 25% and 12.5%. Statistical tests used were paired t-tests, one-way anova, Tukey's test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-test. RESULTS: The [NaF 12 g L-1 + NaCl 1 g L-1 ] solution did not modify dentine microhardness or the average dentinal tubule area. However, EDTA induced changes in dentine structure and microhardness (P < 0.05). The [NaF 12 g L-1 + NaCl 1 g L-1 ] solution, and its NiTi-containing product had lower cytotoxicity than NaOCl at dilutions of 25% and 50% (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The [NaF 12 g L-1 + NaCl 1 g L-1 ] solution did not alter dentine microhardness or damage the dentine structure. It also demonstrated lower cytotoxicity than NaOCl.
Assuntos
Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/patologia , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Níquel/toxicidade , Preparo de Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Titânio/toxicidade , Adolescente , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Eletrólise , Falha de Equipamento , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Dureza , Humanos , Lactente , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Níquel/química , Pele , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Fluoreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Hipoclorito de Sódio/farmacologia , Solubilidade , Fatores de Tempo , Titânio/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in removing root canal filling material from endodontically treated teeth after using one of two reciprocating systems, Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) or WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), or one nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary system, ProTaper Universal Retreatment (Dentsply Maillefer). METHODS: One hundred and twenty straight root canals of extracted human maxillary incisors were instrumented and then obturated. The specimens were divided into six groups (n=20) as follows: Group R, Reciproc R25 instrument without PUI; Group W, WaveOne Primary instrument without PUI; Group PT, ProTaper Universal Retreatment system without PUI; Group R-PUI, Reciproc R25 with PUI; Group W-PUI, WaveOne Primary with PUI and Group PT-PUI, ProTaper Universal Retreatment system with PUI. After removing the filling material, the teeth were cleaved longitudinally and photographed. The total canal space and remaining material were quantified with the aid of an imaging software tool. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to identify significant differences between the groups. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in residual filling material were observed between the groups. CONCLUSION: The use of PUI did not improve the removal of filling material from the root canals, regardless of the previously used instrumentation system.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The maximum removal of root canal filling material is essential for successful endodontic retreatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of 2 reciprocating systems (Reciproc [VDW, Munich, Germany] and WaveOne [Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland]) compared with a nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary system (ProTaper Universal Retreatment [Dentsply Maillefer]) in the removal of root canal filling material. METHODS: Sixty root canals of extracted human maxillary incisors were prepared using the NiTi ProTaper rotary system with the complementary use of a #40 K-type file and then obturated. The specimens were divided into 3 groups (n = 20) according to the system used for filling removal: group 1: instrument R25 of the Reciproc system, group 2: primary instrument of the WaveOne system, and group 3: NiTi rotary instruments of the ProTaper Universal Retreatment system. The teeth were cleaved longitudinally and photographed under a dental operating microscope with 5 × magnification. Images were transferred to a computer, and residual filling material was quantified using Image Tool software (University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX). Results were compared using 1-way analysis of variance (P < .05). RESULTS: All teeth examined had filling remnants within the canal. No statistically significant difference (P > .05) in residual filling material was observed among the groups, with 4.30% in group 1, 2.98% in group 2, and 3.14% in group 3. CONCLUSIONS: The Reciproc and WaveOne reciprocating systems were as effective as the ProTaper Universal retreatment system for gutta-percha and sealer removal.
Assuntos
Cavidade Pulpar/anatomia & histologia , Guta-Percha/química , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Preparo de Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Ligas Dentárias/química , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Teste de Materiais , Níquel/química , Fotografação/métodos , Distribuição Aleatória , Retratamento , Obturação do Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Rotação , Propriedades de Superfície , Titânio/químicaRESUMO
Introduction and objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cleaning and shaping efficacy of rotary nickel-titanium ProTaper® instrumentation in oval canals and the influence of ultrasonic irrigation on the final refinement. Material and methods: Twenty mandibular molars were accessed and divided in two groups. Only distal roots with oval canals were used. Group I was instrumented using only rotary nickel-titanium ProTaper® instruments. Group II received the same preparation followed by refinement with 3 minutes of ultrasonic passive irrigation. After preparation, the distal roots were sectioned for histological processing. Coronal, middle and apical thirds were analyzed. Uninstrumented perimeter in each third was measured by the software Image tool 3.0. Results: The percentage of uninstrumented perimeter was calculated for each third of each root and average percentage was calculated for each third in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed with t-test through the software SPSS 11.0.1 for Windows. The level of significance was set at 1%. Group I showed higher percentage of uninstrumented perimeter in all thirds. Group II, which received ultrasonic irrigation showed better results in all thirds (p < 0.01). Comparing the three thirds in the same group, no statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Under the conditions of this ex vivo study, the three minutes use of ultrasonic irrigation after rotary instrumentation resulted in significantly more instrumented walls in the distal roots of mandibular molars.
RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ProFile, GT, ProTaper, Race and K3 rotary instruments compared with hand K-files for removal of gutta-percha during retreatment. Sixty mandibular premolars were instrumented with GT rotary files and filled by thermomechanical compaction of gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. The teeth are randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 specimens each. The roots were split longitudinally, digital images were created using a flatbed scanner, and the areas with remaining filling material were demarcated using Image Tool 1.21 software. The results indicate that GT left significantly less (p<0.05) remaining filling material (1.18 ± 1.47) than hand (3.70 ± 3.16) and Hero instruments (2.99 ± 2.58). There was no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among the others techniques: ProFile (1.99 ± 2.66), ProTaper (2.00 ± 1.99) and K3 (2.71 ± 2.87) when compared with GT. In conclusion, GT, ProFile, ProTaper and K3 were more effective in removing gutta-percha than manual and Hero instruments.
O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência dos instrumentos rotatórios ProFile, GT, ProTaper, Race e K3 comparados com limas K para a remoção do material obturador durante o retratamento. Sessenta pré-molares inferiores foram instrumentados com o sistema rotatório GT e obturados usando a técnica de compactação termomecânica de guta-percha com cimento AH Plus. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos de dez espécimes cada. As raízes foram seccionadas longitudinalmente, imagens digitais foram criadas através de um scanner, e as áreas de remanescentes de material foram medidas usando o programa Image Tool 1.21. Os resultados indicaram que o GT deixou significantemente menos material remanescente (1,18 ± 1,47) do que os instrumentos manuais (3,70 ± 3,16) e os instrumentos Hero (2,99 ± 2,58) (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as outras técnicas ProFile (1,99 ± 2,66), ProTaper (2,00 ± 1,99) e K3 (2,71 ± 2,87) quando comparadas com o GT. Como conclusão, GT, ProFile, ProTaper e K3 foram revelados como mais efetivos em remover a guta-percha do que os instrumentos manuais e os instrumentos Hero.
Assuntos
Humanos , Ligas Dentárias/química , Níquel/química , Preparo de Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Titânio/química , Dente Pré-Molar/patologia , Sulfato de Cálcio/química , Cimentos Dentários/química , Cavidade Pulpar/patologia , Eficiência , Desenho de Equipamento , Resinas Epóxi/química , Guta-Percha/química , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Polivinil/química , Retratamento , Rotação , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Preparo de Canal Radicular/métodos , Software , Propriedades de Superfície , Óxido de Zinco/químicaRESUMO
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar in vitro a eficiência da remoção da guta-percha dos canais radiculares por meio de diferentes instrumentos rotatórios. Material e métodos: Foram utilizados 60 prémolares inferiores humanos extraídos, os quais foram manejados com os instrumentos GT até o #30 taper .04 e obturados pela técnica híbrida de Tagger. O retratamento foi realizado de acordo com os seguintes instrumentos: ProFile (grupo I), ProTaper (grupo II), GT (grupo III), manual controle (grupo IV), K3 (grupo V) e Hero (grupo VI). Radiografias no sentido vestibulolingual foram realizadas, escaneadas a uma resolução de 480 DPI e analisadas em computador de acordo com o remanescente de material obturador após o retratamento. As raízes foram divididas em terço cervical, médio e apical, e atribuíram-se escores numa escala de: 0 (sem material remanescente), 1 (até 25%), 2 (até 50%) e 3 (mais de 50%). Os escores de remanescente de material obturador para os diferentes instrumentos testados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio do teste Kruskal- Wallis. Resultados: Existiu diferença estatística entre os instrumentos (p < 0,01). O grupo instrumentado com o sistema Hero e K3 diferiram dos demais grupos, que obtiveram os melhores resultados. O grupo controle (manual), apesar de ter baixos valores juntamente com os demais, quando avaliado por terços, apresentou a maior quantidade de remanescente de material no terço apical. Conclusão: Os grupos ProFile, ProTaper, GT e manual alcançaram os melhores resultados, porém não houve diferença estatística significante entre eles.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro the effectiveness of removing guta-percha from root canals using differents rotatory instruments. Material and methods: Sixty human inferior premolars have been used, which were instrumented with GT hand files up to #30 taper .04 and obturated using Taggers hybrid technique. The retreatment has been based in the following instruments: ProFile (group I), ProTaper (group II), GT (group III), Manual-Control (group IV), K3 (group V), and Hero (group VI). Radiographies were taken in vestibular orientation, scanned at resolution 480DPI and analyzed by computer for the observation of the remnant parts of obturation materials after retreatment. The roots have been divided in 1/3 cervical, medium and apical, and scores were attributed as per the following scale: 0 (absence of remnant materials), 1 (up to 25%), 2 (up to 50%), and 3 (over 50%). The scores of obturation remnant materials for the differents tested instruments were statistically assessed by means of the Krusckal-Wallis method. Results: There was statistical difference among the instruments (p < 0.01). The group instrumented using Hero and K3 differed from the remaining groups, which presented best results. The control group (manual), in spite of presenting low values, as well as the remaining groups, when appraised by thirds has shown a greater quantity of remaining material at the apical third. Conclusion: The ProFile, ProTaper, GT, and Manual groups have presented more outstanding results, notwithstanding the absence of meaningful statistical difference among them.