RESUMO

Background: Rabies is an infectious disease that is important in the “One Health” worldwide with high lethality rate. The etiological agent is a neurotropic virus, genus Lyssavirus, transmitted mainly through the saliva of infected animals. For equines, the bite of hematophagous bats is the main source of infection. Piauí is an important state for equestrian sports and the increase in the number of horses with neurological clinical signs without diagnosis has increased in recent years. In this context, the aim of this study is to report to the scientific community a confirmed case of equine rabies in the Santa Luz county, Southernmost state of Piauí, Brazil. Case: A 3-year-old female non-defined breed horse, was admitted to the Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI/CPCE). The equine had difficulty walking 2 days ago, in the panoramic inspection was restless and disoriented in the paddock. Rectal temperature of 38.2°C, heart rate of 60 bpm, respiratory rate of 40 mpm, congested mucosa and dyspnea were verified. With the progression of the neurological signals, it positioned itself in a lateral decubitus with pedaling movements, hyperesthesia, dysphagia and paralysis of the hindlimbs. The clinical suspicion was rabies and the Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Piauí (ADAPI) was communicated to euthanize the animal and collect samples for diagnosis in accordance with official standards of the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). At necropsy, there was slight brain hyperemia, with no other significant organ changes. Fragments of the cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus and spinal cord were collected and sent at a temperature of 4°C to perform the Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF) assay. Samples for histopathology were not collected because they do not include assay for confirmatory diagnosis of rabies. The DIF technique with...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Rabies is an infectious disease that is important in the “One Health” worldwide with high lethality rate. The etiological agent is a neurotropic virus, genus Lyssavirus, transmitted mainly through the saliva of infected animals. For equines, the bite of hematophagous bats is the main source of infection. Piauí is an important state for equestrian sports and the increase in the number of horses with neurological clinical signs without diagnosis has increased in recent years. In this context, the aim of this study is to report to the scientific community a confirmed case of equine rabies in the Santa Luz county, Southernmost state of Piauí, Brazil. Case: A 3-year-old female non-defined breed horse, was admitted to the Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI/CPCE). The equine had difficulty walking 2 days ago, in the panoramic inspection was restless and disoriented in the paddock. Rectal temperature of 38.2°C, heart rate of 60 bpm, respiratory rate of 40 mpm, congested mucosa and dyspnea were verified. With the progression of the neurological signals, it positioned itself in a lateral decubitus with pedaling movements, hyperesthesia, dysphagia and paralysis of the hindlimbs. The clinical suspicion was rabies and the Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Piauí (ADAPI) was communicated to euthanize the animal and collect samples for diagnosis in accordance with official standards of the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). At necropsy, there was slight brain hyperemia, with no other significant organ changes. Fragments of the cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus and spinal cord were collected and sent at a temperature of 4°C to perform the Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF) assay. Samples for histopathology were not collected because they do not include assay for confirmatory diagnosis of rabies. The DIF technique with...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Brazil is the largest coffee (Coffea canephora and Coffea arabica) producer in the world, and Espírito Santostate is the second largest national producer of this commodity. Caffeine poisoning has been described in several animal andhuman species and is generally associated with accidental and/or intentional ingestion of caffeine-containing products. Inhorses, there are few reports in the literature about coffee poisoning, and most animals show clinical signs of excitability,involuntary muscle tremors, and chewing movements. Therefore, the objectives of the present study are to describe theclinical and epidemiological aspects of coffee (Coffea canephora) poisoning in horses in northern Espírito Santo, Brazil.Cases: Two horses from northern Espírito Santo presented with clinical signs of excessive sweating, reluctance to enterthe trailer, muscle tremors, aggression, incoordination, constant tremors of the lips and tongue, chewing movements, andfalling. Clinical signs began after the animals were confined in stalls containing coffee husk (Coffea canephora) for atleast one week. After three days in the stall, the horse began to show clinical signs characterized by excessive sweating,reluctance to enter the trailer, aggression, and incoordination. On physical examination, there was marked dehydration,tachycardia (120 bpm), tachypnea (80 mpm) and a body temperature of 39.1ºC. In addition, the animal had cecum andventral colon hypomotility. The horse was treated as soon as it was admitted to the hospital with a 10 ml / h intravenousdrip of Ringer lactate solution; 100 ml intravenous mercepton every 24 hours; 10 ml intramuscular vitamin B1 every 24hours, and 1.1 ml intravenous acepromazine 1%; when it showed increased excitability, it was treated for neurological signsand recovered four days after admission. The second animal was a three-year-old female Mangalarga Marchador horse,weighing 280 kg. The animal was confined...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this paper was to present the first report of Prosopis nigra poisoning of cattle in Argentina. Outbreaks occurred in five farms located in Salta and Santiago del Estero provinces. All animals were examined, euthanized and necropsied. Clinical signs included tongue protrusion, twitches and tremors of muscles of mastication, weight loss and lethargy. Severe atrophy of the masseter, buccinator and lingual muscles was observed, along with neuronal vacuolation in the nuclei of the trigeminal, facial, and hypoglossus nerves. These findings and the clinical signs are consistent with results obtained in animals, spontaneously and experimentally intoxicated with Prosopis juliflora in previous studies. Several species of this genus are native to Argentina. Farmers should be warned about the suspected toxicity by Prosopis nigra, since this species has wide geographical distribution in the country.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Brazil is the largest coffee (Coffea canephora and Coffea arabica) producer in the world, and Espírito Santostate is the second largest national producer of this commodity. Caffeine poisoning has been described in several animal andhuman species and is generally associated with accidental and/or intentional ingestion of caffeine-containing products. Inhorses, there are few reports in the literature about coffee poisoning, and most animals show clinical signs of excitability,involuntary muscle tremors, and chewing movements. Therefore, the objectives of the present study are to describe theclinical and epidemiological aspects of coffee (Coffea canephora) poisoning in horses in northern Espírito Santo, Brazil.Cases: Two horses from northern Espírito Santo presented with clinical signs of excessive sweating, reluctance to enterthe trailer, muscle tremors, aggression, incoordination, constant tremors of the lips and tongue, chewing movements, andfalling. Clinical signs began after the animals were confined in stalls containing coffee husk (Coffea canephora) for atleast one week. After three days in the stall, the horse began to show clinical signs characterized by excessive sweating,reluctance to enter the trailer, aggression, and incoordination. On physical examination, there was marked dehydration,tachycardia (120 bpm), tachypnea (80 mpm) and a body temperature of 39.1ºC. In addition, the animal had cecum andventral colon hypomotility. The horse was treated as soon as it was admitted to the hospital with a 10 ml / h intravenousdrip of Ringer lactate solution; 100 ml intravenous mercepton every 24 hours; 10 ml intramuscular vitamin B1 every 24hours, and 1.1 ml intravenous acepromazine 1%; when it showed increased excitability, it was treated for neurological signsand recovered four days after admission. The second animal was a three-year-old female Mangalarga Marchador horse,weighing 280 kg. The animal was confined...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Talisia esculenta is a tree that produces pitomba, a fruit consumed by human beings in several regions of Brazil. The current study reports 3 outbreaks of poisoning by leaves and fruits of T. esculenta affecting sheep and cattle and the experimental reproduction of the disease in sheep. In the first investigated outbreak, sheep ingested the leaves of the plant; another outbreak affected cattle and sheep that ingested leaves and fruits; and in a third outbreak, sheep ingested only the fruits. The animals developed severe nervous signs, but most recovered. Poisoning was reproduced experimentally in 5 sheep by the administration of 30-60 g of leaves/kg body weight and in 2 sheep with doses of 5 and 10 g of seeds/kg body weight, respectively. No significant necropsy or histologic lesions were found.

RESUMO

Sinais nervosos associados à ingestão de vagens de Prosopis julilora tem sido descritos em aprinos adultos pastejando continuamente em áreas invadidas por esta planta. A doença não tem sido constatada em ovinos, mas nesta espécie o pastejo em áreas invadidas por P. julilora tem sido associado à ocorrência de malformações. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a toxicidade sobre o sistema nervoso e o efeito teratogênico de vagens de P. julilora (algaroba) em ovinos e avaliar a sua toxicidade em caprinos. Para isso foram realizados três experimentos. No Experimento 1, grupos de quatro ovinos receberam vagens na concentração de 0, 60% e 90% da alimentação durante um ano. No Experimento 2, sete ovelhas ingeriram vagens, em quantidades equivalente a 2,1% do peso corporal (pc) durante toda a gestação. No Experimento 3, três caprinos receberam vagens em quantidade equivalente a 1,5% do pc por periodos de 264, 474 e 506 dias. Nenhum animal experimental apresentou sinais nervosos e no Experimento 2 todas as ovelhas pariram cordeiros normais. Esses resultados sugerem que as vagens de algaroba podem ser utilizadas sem restrição na alimentação de ovinos. Em um trabalho anterior as vagens de algaroba, nas concentrações de 60% e 90% da alimentação, causaram intoxicação em caprinos apos 210 dias de ingestão o que sugere que ocorrem variações na toxicidade das vagens. Recomenda-se que caprinos não permaneçam em áreas invadidas por algaroba por mais de um periodo de frutificação da planta.

In Brazil, nervous signs caused by the ingestion of Prosopis juliflora pods have been reported in goats grazing in areas invaded by this plant. The disease has not been reported in sheep, but in this species, grazing in areas invaded by P. juliflora has been associated with the occurrence of malformations in lambs. The objective of this research was to study the toxicity for the central nervous system and the teratogenicity of P. juliflora pods in sheep, and to determine their toxicity to goats. Three experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, groups of four sheep were fed with ration containing 0, 60% or 90% of pods. In Experiment 2, seven sheep were fed with pods in amount equivalent to 2.1% body weight (bw) during the whole gestation. In Experiment 3, three goats were fed with pods in amounts equivalent to 1.5% of their bw during 264, 474, and 506 days. None of the experimental animals showed nervous signs and the seven pregnant sheep delivered normal lambs. These results suggest that P. juliflora pods can be used without restrictions in the food of sheep. Because in a previous paper P. juliflora pods, in the concentratiosn of 60% and 90% of the food, caused nervous signs in goats after 210 days of ingestion, it is suggested that there are variation in the toxicity of the pods. It is recommended that goats may be kept in areas invaded by P. juliflora for no more than one fructification period.

Assuntos

RESUMO

As vagens de Prosopis juliflora (algaroba) causam sinais nervosos em bovinos, devidos a lesões no núcleo motor do trigêmeo, e cólicas em cavalos devidos à formação de fitobezoários no intestino. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a toxicidade das vagens de P. juliflora para equinos e comprovar que a utilização 30% de vagens adicionadas na ração de bovinos não causa intoxicação. Para isso foram realizados três experimentos. No Experimento 1, dois bovinos ingeriram, durante um ano, vagens de algaroba, em quantidade equivalente a 30% do total da matéria seca ingerida. Nenhum animal experimental apresentou sinais nervosos. No Experimento 2, dois cavalos receberam vagens em quantidade equivalente a 1% do peso corporal (pc) durante quatro meses e em quantidade equivalente a 1,5% do pc durante outros três meses. No experimento 3, dois equinos receberam vagens ad libitum, durante um mês. Em nenhum dos equinos foram observados sinais nervosos nem cólicas devidas à formação de fitobezoários. Esses resultados sugerem que as vagens de algoraba, apesar de sua toxicidade, podem ser utilizadas na alimentação de bovinos em confinamento ou semi-confinamento, nas concentrações de 30% da alimentação por períodos de até um ano. Não há restrições para a administração de vagens de algaroba em equinos confinados; no entanto, permanecem as restrições para o pastejo de equídeos em áreas invadidas por algaroba. Sugere-se que as vagens perdem a sua capacidade de formar fitobezoários em consequência do armazenamento. Bovinos não devem permanecer em áreas invadidas por P. juliflora, quando a planta está frutificando, por mais de 30 dias.

The ingestion of pods of Prosopis juliflora causes nervous signs in cattle due to lesions in the trigeminal nuclei, and colics in horses due to the formation of phytobezoars in the gut. The objective of this research was to study the toxicity for of P. juliflora pods in horses, and to establish if 30% of pods in the feed are not toxic for cattle. Three experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, two steers were fed, during one year, with food containing 30% of P. juliflora pods. None of the experimental animals showed nervous signs. In Experiment 2, two horses received pods of P. juliflora in amount equivalent to 1% of their bw during four months. For other 3 months this amount was increased to 1.5% bw. In Experiment 3, two horses received P. juliflora pods ad libitum during 30 days. None of the horses showed nervous signs or colic due to the presence of phytobezoars in the gut. These results suggest that P. juliflora pods, despite their toxicity, can be used to feed cattle at concentrations of 30% of the food during one year. There are no restrictions for the use of P. juliflora pods in horses in confined or semi-confined systems, but it is not recommended to maintain equidae grazing in areas where P. juliflora is fructificating. It is suggested that there is a loss in the capacity of the pods to form phytobezoars after harvesting. Cattle may be kept in areas invaded by P. juliflora, during fructification, for no more than 30 days.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Sinais nervosos associados à ingestão de vagens de Prosopis julilora tem sido descritos em aprinos adultos pastejando continuamente em áreas invadidas por esta planta. A doença não tem sido constatada em ovinos, mas nesta espécie o pastejo em áreas invadidas por P. julilora tem sido associado à ocorrência de malformações. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a toxicidade sobre o sistema nervoso e o efeito teratogênico de vagens de P. julilora (algaroba) em ovinos e avaliar a sua toxicidade em caprinos. Para isso foram realizados três experimentos. No Experimento 1, grupos de quatro ovinos receberam vagens na concentração de 0, 60% e 90% da alimentação durante um ano. No Experimento 2, sete ovelhas ingeriram vagens, em quantidades equivalente a 2,1% do peso corporal (pc) durante toda a gestação. No Experimento 3, três caprinos receberam vagens em quantidade equivalente a 1,5% do pc por periodos de 264, 474 e 506 dias. Nenhum animal experimental apresentou sinais nervosos e no Experimento 2 todas as ovelhas pariram cordeiros normais. Esses resultados sugerem que as vagens de algaroba podem ser utilizadas sem restrição na alimentação de ovinos. Em um trabalho anterior as vagens de algaroba, nas concentrações de 60% e 90% da alimentação, causaram intoxicação em caprinos apos 210 dias de ingestão o que sugere que ocorrem variações na toxicidade das vagens. Recomenda-se que caprinos não permaneçam em áreas invadidas por algaroba por mais de um periodo de frutificação da planta.(AU)

In Brazil, nervous signs caused by the ingestion of Prosopis juliflora pods have been reported in goats grazing in areas invaded by this plant. The disease has not been reported in sheep, but in this species, grazing in areas invaded by P. juliflora has been associated with the occurrence of malformations in lambs. The objective of this research was to study the toxicity for the central nervous system and the teratogenicity of P. juliflora pods in sheep, and to determine their toxicity to goats. Three experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, groups of four sheep were fed with ration containing 0, 60% or 90% of pods. In Experiment 2, seven sheep were fed with pods in amount equivalent to 2.1% body weight (bw) during the whole gestation. In Experiment 3, three goats were fed with pods in amounts equivalent to 1.5% of their bw during 264, 474, and 506 days. None of the experimental animals showed nervous signs and the seven pregnant sheep delivered normal lambs. These results suggest that P. juliflora pods can be used without restrictions in the food of sheep. Because in a previous paper P. juliflora pods, in the concentratiosn of 60% and 90% of the food, caused nervous signs in goats after 210 days of ingestion, it is suggested that there are variation in the toxicity of the pods. It is recommended that goats may be kept in areas invaded by P. juliflora for no more than one fructification period.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

As vagens de Prosopis juliflora (algaroba) causam sinais nervosos em bovinos, devidos a lesões no núcleo motor do trigêmeo, e cólicas em cavalos devidos à formação de fitobezoários no intestino. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a toxicidade das vagens de P. juliflora para equinos e comprovar que a utilização 30% de vagens adicionadas na ração de bovinos não causa intoxicação. Para isso foram realizados três experimentos. No Experimento 1, dois bovinos ingeriram, durante um ano, vagens de algaroba, em quantidade equivalente a 30% do total da matéria seca ingerida. Nenhum animal experimental apresentou sinais nervosos. No Experimento 2, dois cavalos receberam vagens em quantidade equivalente a 1% do peso corporal (pc) durante quatro meses e em quantidade equivalente a 1,5% do pc durante outros três meses. No experimento 3, dois equinos receberam vagens ad libitum, durante um mês. Em nenhum dos equinos foram observados sinais nervosos nem cólicas devidas à formação de fitobezoários. Esses resultados sugerem que as vagens de algoraba, apesar de sua toxicidade, podem ser utilizadas na alimentação de bovinos em confinamento ou semi-confinamento, nas concentrações de 30% da alimentação por períodos de até um ano. Não há restrições para a administração de vagens de algaroba em equinos confinados; no entanto, permanecem as restrições para o pastejo de equídeos em áreas invadidas por algaroba. Sugere-se que as vagens perdem a sua capacidade de formar fitobezoários em consequência do armazenamento. Bovinos não devem permanecer em áreas invadidas por P. juliflora, quando a planta está frutificando, por mais de 30 dias.(AU)

The ingestion of pods of Prosopis juliflora causes nervous signs in cattle due to lesions in the trigeminal nuclei, and colics in horses due to the formation of phytobezoars in the gut. The objective of this research was to study the toxicity for of P. juliflora pods in horses, and to establish if 30% of pods in the feed are not toxic for cattle. Three experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, two steers were fed, during one year, with food containing 30% of P. juliflora pods. None of the experimental animals showed nervous signs. In Experiment 2, two horses received pods of P. juliflora in amount equivalent to 1% of their bw during four months. For other 3 months this amount was increased to 1.5% bw. In Experiment 3, two horses received P. juliflora pods ad libitum during 30 days. None of the horses showed nervous signs or colic due to the presence of phytobezoars in the gut. These results suggest that P. juliflora pods, despite their toxicity, can be used to feed cattle at concentrations of 30% of the food during one year. There are no restrictions for the use of P. juliflora pods in horses in confined or semi-confined systems, but it is not recommended to maintain equidae grazing in areas where P. juliflora is fructificating. It is suggested that there is a loss in the capacity of the pods to form phytobezoars after harvesting. Cattle may be kept in areas invaded by P. juliflora, during fructification, for no more than 30 days.(AU)

Assuntos