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1.
Braz J Microbiol ; 2024 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39143403

RESUMO

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a common global health problem in dairy cattle. The definitive diagnosis of BRD is complex because its etiology involves several predisposing and determining factors. This report describes the etiology of a BRD outbreak in a dairy herd in the mesoregion of Central Eastern Paraná, which simultaneously affected young (calves and heifers) and adult (cows) Holstein-Friesian cattle. Nine biological samples, consisting of five lung samples from two cows and three suckling calves, and four nasal swab samples from heifers, were used for etiological diagnosis. The nucleic acids extracted from lung fragments and nasal swabs were subjected to PCR and RT-PCR assays for partial amplification of the genes of five viruses [bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), and bovine coronavirus (BCoV)] and four bacteria (Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni) involved in the etiology of BRD. All nine biological samples from the animals with BRD tested negative for BoAHV1, BRSV, BPIV-3, BCoV, and H. somni. Therefore, the involvement of these microorganisms in the etiology of BRD outbreak can be ruled out. It was possible to identify the presence of BVDV and M. bovis in singular and mixed infections of the lower respiratory tract in cattle. BVDV was also identified in two nasal swabs: one as a single etiological agent and the other in association with two bacteria (P. multocida and M. haemolytica). The phylogenetic analysis conducted in the nucleotide sequence of the 5'UTR region and Npro gene of the BVDV amplicons demonstrated that the BVDV field strains of this BRD outbreak belong to subgenotype 2b. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of BVDV-2b involvement in the etiology of BRD in Brazil. Finally, it is necessary to highlight that the cattle were obtained from an open dairy herd with biannual vaccinations for BVDV-1a and - 2a.

2.
J Vet Diagn Invest ; 36(6): 907-909, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39175302

RESUMO

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the causative bacterium of porcine enzootic pneumonia and one of the primary etiologic agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex. Most Brazilian commercial pig farms are positive for this pathogen. However, the prevalence of the pathogen in backyard pig farms has not been described, to our knowledge. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae in backyard pig farms in the state of Paraná, Brazil. In January-March 2020, we collected 585 serum samples from pigs in 187 non-vaccinated herds. We tested the sera with an indirect ELISA for anti-M. hyopneumoniae antibodies and found that 182 of 585 (31.1%) samples were positive, and were found in 109 of 187 (58.3%) herds assessed.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Suínos , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/imunologia , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/microbiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Prevalência , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia
3.
Rev Argent Microbiol ; 56(3): 258-264, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38991918

RESUMO

Understanding the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 patients with Mycoplasmapneumoniae coinfection is crucial for treating patients suffering from coronavirus disease (COVID-19), help to ensure responsible use of antibiotics and minimize the negative consequences of overuse. In addition, this knowledge could have an impact on empirical antibiotic management guidelines for patients with COVID-19. This systematic review aimed to identify the prevalence of M. pneumoniae in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A bibliographic search of studies published in Spanish or English was conducted using the PubMed search engine. Fourteen articles from different continents (America, Asia and Europe) were included, involving a total of 5855 patients in these studies. The mean age of COVID-19 patients with M. pneumoniae was 48 years old (range 1-107), most of whom were male. The detection of laboratory-confirmed M. pneumoniae infection varied between 0 and 33.3%. Most of patients referred fever, cough, and dyspnea, and received empirical antibiotic treatment. Bacterial coinfection was not associated with increased ICU admission and mortality. The prevalence of coinfection showed extremely dissimilar figures according to the population studied and diagnostic criteria. However, it is important to develop Latin American studies, given the heterogeneity observed in the studies conducted in different countries. Standardized definitions should be developed in order to be able to assess the impact of coinfections in patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Coinfecção , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma , Humanos , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/complicações , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/tratamento farmacológico , Prevalência , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Criança , Idoso , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pré-Escolar , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Masculino , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Lactente , Feminino
4.
Vet Microbiol ; 295: 110158, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38917663

RESUMO

Sheep respiratory disease (SRD) is a multifactorial illness commonly affecting sheep. Mesomycoplasma (Mycoplasma) ovipneumoniae is one of the most important etiological agents of SRD and should be better understood, especially in countries where it was recently detected, such as Brazil. Also, the intensive use of quinolones in mycoplasmal infections increases the selective pressure for resistance to this drug class, and no data about antimicrobial resistance in Brazil is available. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a comparative genomic analysis of newly isolated Brazilian M. ovipneumoniae strains, identify point mutations in target genes that may be associated with antibiotic resistance, and perform a phylogenomic analysis of these strains with available genome representatives of M. ovipneumoniae. Glucose-fermenting fried egg-like colonies identified as M. ovipneumoniae were obtained after a culture of tracheobronchial lavage from infected sheep. The genomes were sequenced, de novo assembled and comparatively evaluated. Important putative virulence factors were detected in all isolates: the analysis of the average nucleotide homology of all these genes with the M. ovipneumoniae ATCC 29419 revealed associations between clpB, lgt, tuf, and dnaJ genes and geographic location. In addition, nucleotide substitutions in a few positions of the Quinolone-Resistant Determinant Region of the gyrA gene, including the Ser83Ala, were detected. The phylogenomic analysis showed that the Brazilian isolates belonged to two different clades corresponding to geographic location, and the isolates from São Paulo showed high similarity, which differs from isolates from Rio de Janeiro. This first genomic analysis of the Brazilian M. ovipneumoniae genomes demonstrates strain segregation according to location and health status, reinforcing the importance of continuous surveillance and diagnostics of this bacteria causing sheep respiratory disease in the Brazilian flocks.


Assuntos
DNA Girase , Genoma Bacteriano , Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae , Filogenia , Doenças dos Ovinos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Animais , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , DNA Girase/genética , Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae/genética , Mutação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Genômica , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/veterinária , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia
5.
Braz J Microbiol ; 55(3): 2937-2942, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38833117

RESUMO

This study aimed to investigate the presence of Mycoplasma spp. and identify the species of mycoplasma isolates obtained from seabirds found on Brazilian coastal beaches. Tracheal and cloacal swab samples were collected from 50 seabirds rescued by three conservation and marine animal rehabilitation centers located in Brazil. The tracheal and cloacal samples were subjected to mycoplasma culture and the isolates were identified through PCR. A "Mollicutes-specific" 16S rRNA PCR reaction was employed for triage. Four species-specific PCR reactions were used to detect Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma meleagridis, or M. gallinarum. The Mollicutes positive and species negative samples were submitted do 16S rRNA sequencing. Eighteen (36%) of 50 seabirds tested positive for mycoplasma by culture. In the PCR for the genus, 28 (56%) of 50 seabirds were positive for Mycoplasma spp., with 13 (26%) detected in the trachea, one (2%) in the cloaca, and 14 (28%) in both sites. In the species-specific PCR, M. gallisepticum was detected in 17.8%, and M. meleagridis in 17.8%. Both species were detected in 14.3%. Of the isolates not characterized at species level, we obtained ten sequences and they were divided into three clusters. The first cluster was closely related to M. meleagridis, the second to M. synoviae, and the third grouped M. tully, M. gallisepticum, and M. imitans. Four and five of nine species of seabirds studied had mycoplasma detected by culture or PCR, respectively. Mycoplasmas were found in the majority of the animals studied, with the highest prevalence proportionally found in Sula leucogaster, and the lowest in Fregata magnificens. The phylogenetic analysis identified Mycoplasma spp. adapted to aquatic birds.


Assuntos
Doenças das Aves , Cloaca , Infecções por Mycoplasma , Mycoplasma , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Animais , Mycoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Mycoplasma/genética , Mycoplasma/classificação , Infecções por Mycoplasma/veterinária , Infecções por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Brasil , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Cloaca/microbiologia , Doenças das Aves/microbiologia , Traqueia/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Aves/microbiologia
6.
Clinics (Sao Paulo) ; 79: 100361, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38678873

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Early diagnosis of Severity Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia (SMPP) has been a worldwide concern in clinical practice. Two cytokines, soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells (sTREM-1) and Interferon-Inducible Protein-10 (IP-10), were proved to be implicated in bacterial infection diseases. However, the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 in MPP was poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 for SMPP. METHODS: In this prospective study, the authors enrolled 44 children with MPP, along with their clinical information. Blood samples were collected, and cytokine levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 were detected with ELISA assay. RESULTS: Serum levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 were positively correlated with the severity of MPP. In addition, sTREM-1 and IP-10 have significant potential in the diagnosis of SMPP with an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.8564 (p-value = 0.0001, 95% CI 0.7461 to 0.9668) and 0.8086 (p-value = 0.0002, 95% CI 0.6918 to 0.9254) respectively. Notably, the combined diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 is up to 0.911 in children with SMPP (p-value < 0.001, 95% CI 0.830 to 0.993). CONCLUSIONS: Serum cytokine levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 have a great potential diagnostic value in children with SMPP.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Quimiocina CXCL10 , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma , Receptores Imunológicos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Receptor Gatilho 1 Expresso em Células Mieloides , Humanos , Receptor Gatilho 1 Expresso em Células Mieloides/sangue , Feminino , Masculino , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/sangue , Criança , Estudos Prospectivos , Pré-Escolar , Quimiocina CXCL10/sangue , Receptores Imunológicos/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/sangue , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Lactente , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Curva ROC , Adolescente
7.
Pathogens ; 13(4)2024 Apr 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38668277

RESUMO

Currently, the responsible use of antimicrobials in pigs has allowed the continuous development of alternatives to these antimicrobials. In this study, we describe the impact of treatments with two probiotics, one based on live Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and another based on fragmented S. cerevisiae (beta-glucans), that were administered to piglets at birth and at prechallenge with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Thirty-two pigs were divided into four groups of eight animals each. The animals had free access to water and food. The groups were as follows: Group A, untreated negative control; Group B, inoculated by nebulization with M. hyopneumoniae positive control; Group C, first treated with disintegrated S. cerevisiae (disintegrated Sc) and inoculated by nebulization with M. hyopneumoniae; and Group D, treated with live S. cerevisiae yeast (live Sc) and inoculated by nebulization with M. hyopneumoniae. In a previous study, we found that on Days 1 and 21 of blood sampling, nine proinflammatory cytokines were secreted, and an increase in their secretion occurred for only five of them: TNF-α, INF-α, INF-γ, IL-10, and IL-12 p40. The results of the clinical evolution, the degree of pneumonic lesions, and the productive parameters of treated Groups C and D suggest that S. cerevisiae has an immunomodulatory effect in chronic proliferative M. hyopneumoniae pneumonia characterized by delayed hypersensitivity, which depends on the alteration or modulation of the respiratory immune response. The data presented in this study showed that S. cerevisiae contributed to the innate resistance of infected pigs.

8.
Vet Microbiol ; 292: 110039, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38502977

RESUMO

The intensification of pig farming has posed significant challenges in managing and preventing sanitary problems, particularly diseases of the respiratory complex. Monitoring at slaughter is an important control tool and cannot be overstated. Hence, this study aimed at characterizing both macroscopical and microscopical lesions and identifying the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo), and Pasteurella multocida (PM) associated with pleurisy in swine. For this, a selected slaughterhouse in São Paulo State underwent a thorough examination of carcasses on the slaughter line, followed by lung sampling. The carcasses and lungs underwent macroscopical examination and were classified according to the score of pleurisy and lung samples were allocated into five groups, being: G0: score 0 - no lesions; G1: score 1; G2: score 2; G3: score 3; and G4: score 4. In total, 217 lung fragments were collected, for the histopathological evaluation and detection of the following respiratory pathogens: APP, Mhyo, and PM by qPCR. The results demonstrated that Mhyo and APP were the most prevalent etiological agents (single and co-identification) in lung samples, in different scores of pleurisies, while bronchopneumonia and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) hyperplasia lesions were the most frequent histopathological findings. Positive correlations were found between the quantification of APP DNA with 1) the score of pleurisy (R=0.254); 2) with the score of lung consolidation in all lung lobes (R=0.181 to R=0.329); and 3) with the score of lung consolidation in the entire lung (R=0.389). The study brings relevant information regarding the main bacterial pathogens associated with pleurisy in pigs and helps with understanding the relationship between the abovementioned pathogens and their impact on the respiratory health of pigs.


Assuntos
Pneumopatias , Pasteurella multocida , Pleurisia , Doenças dos Suínos , Suínos , Animais , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Brasil , Pulmão/patologia , Pleurisia/veterinária , Pleurisia/microbiologia , Pleurisia/patologia , Pneumopatias/microbiologia , Pneumopatias/veterinária
9.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet ; 166(1): 71-79, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38425195

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with at least one STI (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT], Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG], Trichomonas vaginalis [TV], and Mycoplasma genitalium [MG]) in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the pilot implementation of the National Service for molecular diagnosis of CT, NG, TV, and MG in pregnancy. We obtained Ministry of Health surveillance data from the implementation project. Data encompassing pregnant women aged 15-49 years from public antenatal clinics in Brazil in 2022 were included. RESULTS: A total of 2728 data of pregnant women were analyzed. The prevalence of at least one infection was 21.0% (573), with the highest prevalence in the Southeast region (23.3%) and the lowest in the Center-West region (15.4%). The prevalence of CT was 9.9% (270), NG 0.6% (16), TV 6.7% (184), and MG 7.8% (212). Factors associated with any infection were from 15 to 24 years (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.58-2.35); reported family income up to US$400 (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.03-3.34); declared not living maritally with their partners (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.52-2.37) and had more than one sexual partner in their lifetime (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.55-2.86). CONCLUSION: This study showed a high prevalence of at least one STI among pregnant women in Brazil, particularly among younger women. It also provides up-to-date national data on CT, NG, TV, and MG infections in this population. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing access to STI screening for young pregnant women within the Brazilian public health system.


Assuntos
Infecções por Chlamydia , Chlamydia trachomatis , Gonorreia , Infecções por Mycoplasma , Mycoplasma genitalium , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Vaginite por Trichomonas , Trichomonas vaginalis , Humanos , Feminino , Brasil/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Adolescente , Prevalência , Adulto Jovem , Mycoplasma genitalium/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Risco , Infecções por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Gonorreia/diagnóstico , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolamento & purificação , Trichomonas vaginalis/isolamento & purificação , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Vaginite por Trichomonas/epidemiologia , Vaginite por Trichomonas/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico
10.
Vaccines (Basel) ; 12(2)2024 Feb 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38400139

RESUMO

Contagious agalactia (CA) is a serious multietiological disease whose classic etiological agent is Mycoplasma agalactiae and which causes high morbidity and mortality rates in infected herds. CA is classified as a notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health due to its significant worldwide economic impact on livestock, primarily involving goat and sheep farms. The emergence of atypical symptoms and strains of M. agalactiae in wildlife ungulates reestablishes its highly plastic genome and is also of great epidemiological significance. Antimicrobial therapy is the main form of control, although several factors, such as intrinsic antibiotic resistance and the selection of resistant strains, must be considered. Available vaccines are few and mostly inefficient. The virulence and pathogenicity mechanisms of M. agalactiae mainly rely on surface molecules that have direct contact with the host. Because of this, they are essential for the development of vaccines. This review highlights the currently available vaccines and their limitations and the development of new vaccine possibilities, especially considering the challenge of antigenic variation and dynamic genome in this microorganism.

11.
Pathogens ; 13(2)2024 Jan 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38392852

RESUMO

The role of Mycoplasma bovirhinis in the development of pulmonary disease in cattle is controversial and was never evaluated in cattle from Latin America. This study investigated the respiratory infection dynamics associated with M. bovirhinis in suckling calves from 15 dairy cattle herds in Southern Brazil. Nasal swabs were obtained from asymptomatic (n = 102) and calves with clinical manifestations (n = 103) of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and used in molecular assays to identify the specific genes of viral and bacterial disease pathogens of BRD. Only M. bovirhinis, bovine coronavirus (BCoV), ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2), Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica were detected. M. bovirhinis was the most frequently diagnosed pathogen in diseased (57.8%; 59/102) and asymptomatic (55.3%; 57/103) calves at all farms. BCoV-related infections were diagnosed in diseased (52%; 53/102) and asymptomatic (51.4%; 53/103) calves and occurred in 93.3% (14/15) of all farms. Similarly, infectious due to OvGHV2 occurred in diseased (37.2%; 38/102) and asymptomatic (27.2%; /28/103) calves and were diagnosed in 80% (12/15) of all farms investigated. Significant statistical differences were not identified when the two groups of calves were compared at most farms, except for infections due to OvGHV2 that affected five calves at one farm. These results demonstrated that the respiratory infection dynamics of M. bovirhinis identified in Southern Brazil are similar to those observed worldwide, suggesting that there is not enough sufficient collected data to consider M. bovirhinis as a pathogen of respiratory infections in cattle. Additionally, the possible roles of BCoV and OvGHV2 in the development of BRD are discussed.

12.
Braz J Microbiol ; 55(1): 943-953, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38217795

RESUMO

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is a primary agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia, a disease that causes significant economic losses to pig farming worldwide. Commercial vaccines induce partial protection, evidencing the need for a new vaccine against M. hyopneumoniae. In our work, three chimeric proteins were constructed, composed of potentially immunogenic domains from M. hyopneumoniae proteins. We designed three chimeric proteins (Q1, Q2, and Q3) based on bioinformatics analysis that identified five potential proteins with immunogenic potential (MHP418, MHP372, MHP199, P97, and MHP0461). The chimeric proteins were inoculated in the murine model to evaluate the immune response. The mice vaccinated with the chimeras presented IgG and IgG1 against proteins of M. hyopneumoniae. There was induction of IgG in mice immunized with Q3 starting from 30 days post-vaccination, and groups Q1 and Q2 showed induction at 45 days. Mice of the group immunized with Q3 showed the production of IgA. In addition, the mice inoculated with chimeric proteins showed a proinflammatory cytokine response; Q1 demonstrated higher levels of TNF, IL-6, IL2, and IL-17. In contrast, animals immunized with Q2 showed an increase in the concentrations of TNF, IL-6, and IL-4, whereas those immunized with Q3 exhibited an increase in the concentrations of TNF, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4. The results of the present study indicate that these three chimeric proteins can be used in future vaccine trials with swine because of the promising antigenicity.


Assuntos
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , Animais , Suínos , Camundongos , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/genética , Interleucina-4 , Interleucina-6 , Vacinas Bacterianas/genética , Imunoglobulina G , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética
13.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 100(1): 108-115, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37778397

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia after azithromycin treatment. microRNA-146a is known to regulate inflammatory responses, and excessive inflammation is a primary characteristic of MPP. METHODS: Children with MPP received conventional symptomatic therapy along with intravenous administration of azithromycin for one week. Serum levels of microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors were measured using RT-qPCR and ELISA kits, respectively. The correlation between microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors was analyzed by the Pearson method. Pulmonary function indexes were assessed using a pulmonary function analyzer, and their correlation with microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors after treatment was evaluated. Children with MPP were divided into effective and ineffective treatment groups, and the clinical significance of microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: Serum microRNA-146a was downregulated in children with MPP but upregulated after azithromycin treatment, contrasting with the trend observed for pro-inflammatory factors. MicroRNA-146a showed a negative correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pulmonary function parameters were initially reduced in children with MPP, but increased after treatment, showing positive/inverse associations with microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors. Higher microRNA-146a and lower pro-inflammatory factors predicted better efficacy of azithromycin treatment. MicroRNA-146a, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) were identified as independent factors influencing treatment efficacy. CONCLUSION: Azithromycin treatment in children with MPP upregulates microRNA-146a, downregulates pro-inflammatory factors, and effectively improves pulmonary function.


Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma , Criança , Humanos , Azitromicina/uso terapêutico , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Relevância Clínica , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/tratamento farmacológico , MicroRNAs/uso terapêutico
14.
Clinics ; Clinics;79: 100361, 2024. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1564353

RESUMO

Abstract Objective Early diagnosis of Severity Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia (SMPP) has been a worldwide concern in clinical practice. Two cytokines, soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells (sTREM-1) and Interferon-Inducible Protein-10 (IP-10), were proved to be implicated in bacterial infection diseases. However, the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 in MPP was poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 for SMPP. Methods In this prospective study, the authors enrolled 44 children with MPP, along with their clinical information. Blood samples were collected, and cytokine levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 were detected with ELISA assay. Results Serum levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 were positively correlated with the severity of MPP. In addition, sTREM-1 and IP-10 have significant potential in the diagnosis of SMPP with an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.8564 (p-value = 0.0001, 95% CI 0.7461 to 0.9668) and 0.8086 (p-value = 0.0002, 95% CI 0.6918 to 0.9254) respectively. Notably, the combined diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 is up to 0.911 in children with SMPP (p-value < 0.001, 95% CI 0.830 to 0.993). Conclusions Serum cytokine levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 have a great potential diagnostic value in children with SMPP.

15.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;87(2): e2021, 2024. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527831

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Antiphospholipid syndrome is an acquired autoimmune disease characterized by hypercoagulability associated with recurrent venous and arterial thromboembolism in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Herein, we report a case of rapid sequential retinal vein and artery occlusion as the first manifestation of a primary antiphospholipid syndrome triggered by an acute Mycoplasma infection in a previously healthy 11-year-old patient. On day 1, ophthalmoscopy revealed a central retinal vein occlusion. The patient developed temporal branch retinal artery occlusion the next day. On day 3, a central retinal artery occlusion was observed. Serum lupus anticoagulant, immunoglobulin (Ig) G anticardiolipin, IgG anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 antibody, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody levels were increased. Thus, retinal vascular occlusions can be the first manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Although it may not improve visual prognosis, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to avoid further significant morbidity.


RESUMO A síndrome antifosfolipide é uma doença autoimune adquirida caracterizada por hipercoagulabilidade associada a tromboembolismo venoso e arterial recorrente na presença de anticorpos antifosfolipídicos. Aqui, relatamos um caso clínico de oclusão sequencial de veia e artéria da retina como primeira manifestação de uma síndrome antifosfolipíde primária desen­cadeada por uma infeção aguda por Mycoplasma num paciente de 11 anos previamente saudável. No primeiro dia, a oftalmoscopia revelou uma oclusão da veia central da retina. No dia seguinte, o paciente desenvolveu uma oclusão do ramo temporal da artéria central da retina. No terceiro dia, uma oclusão da artéria central da retina foi diagnosticada. Os níveis de anticoagulante lúpico sérico, anticorpos IgG anticardiolipina e IgG anti-β2-glicoproteína 1 e anticorpos IgM para Mycoplasma pneumoniae estavam aumentados. As oclusões vasculares retinianas podem ser a primeira manifestação da síndrome antifosfolipíde primária. Apesar do prognóstico visual ser reservado, o seu diagnóstico e o tratamento imediatos são essenciais para evitar outras morbilidades associadas.

16.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; J. pediatr. (Rio J.);100(1): 108-115, 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528951

RESUMO

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia after azithromycin treatment. microRNA-146a is known to regulate inflammatory responses, and excessive inflammation is a primary characteristic of MPP. Methods Children with MPP received conventional symptomatic therapy along with intravenous administration of azithromycin for one week. Serum levels of microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors were measured using RT-qPCR and ELISA kits, respectively. The correlation between microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors was analyzed by the Pearson method. Pulmonary function indexes were assessed using a pulmonary function analyzer, and their correlation with microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors after treatment was evaluated. Children with MPP were divided into effective and ineffective treatment groups, and the clinical significance of microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic multivariate regression analysis. Results Serum microRNA-146a was downregulated in children with MPP but upregulated after azithromycin treatment, contrasting with the trend observed for pro-inflammatory factors. MicroRNA-146a showed a negative correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pulmonary function parameters were initially reduced in children with MPP, but increased after treatment, showing positive/inverse associations with microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors. Higher microRNA-146a and lower pro-inflammatory factors predicted better efficacy of azithromycin treatment. MicroRNA-146a, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) were identified as independent factors influencing treatment efficacy. Conclusion Azithromycin treatment in children with MPP upregulates microRNA-146a, downregulates pro-inflammatory factors, and effectively improves pulmonary function.

17.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.);70(6): e20240045, 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565026

RESUMO

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the clinical and uterine cervix characteristics of patients displaying vaginal discharge with positive results for Mycoplasma sp. and/or Ureaplasma spp. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study involving women aged 18-45 years was conducted. Microbiological assessments included Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma cultures, as well as human papillomavirus hybrid capture using ecto and endocervix swabs. All tests were two-tailed, and significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Among 324 women, Ureaplasma prevalence was 17.9%, and Mycoplasma prevalence was 3.1%. The Ureaplasma-positive group exhibited a higher frequency of urinary tract infections (39.1 vs. 19%, p=0.002) and human papillomavirus (39.7 vs. 12.8%, p≤0.001) compared with controls. The Mycoplasma-positive group showed a higher frequency of non-contraceptive use compared with controls (66.2 vs. 30.0%, p=0.036). Abnormal colposcopic findings were more prevalent in the Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma-positive group than in controls (positive: 65% vs. control: 35%, p=0.001). Pap smear findings did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: Ureaplasma spp. was associated with urinary tract infections and human papillomavirus, while the presence of Mycoplasma sp. was linked to reduced contraceptive use. When analyzing both pathogens together, a higher frequency of abnormal colposcopic findings was observed, with no difference in cytological findings in the positive group.

18.
Acta Trop ; 249: 107074, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37956821

RESUMO

Hemotrophic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are epierythrocytic bacteria that infect wild and domestic animals, and can cause anemia in some of them. They are considered emerging and zoonotic pathogens, causing serious health problems in wildlife. Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae is the only species of hemoplasma that infects domestic South American camelids (alpacas and llamas), with limited studies in wild camelids. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Candidatus M. haemolamae in vicunas (Vicugna vicugna) from the Pampa Galeras National Reserve, located in the Ayacucho region of Peru, using molecular diagnosis. For this, blood samples from 79 vicunas were collected, which were molecularly analyzed by partially amplifying the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of Mycoplasma sp. Fourteen vicunas (17.7 %) were positive for the molecular diagnosis of Mycoplasma sp. All PCR-positive products were sequenced and showed more than 99 % identity with Candidatus M. haemolamae. Statistical analysis showed that tick-infested vicunas had 6.10 odds of presenting Candidatus M. haemolamae compared with tick-free vicunas. Sex and age were not associated with Candidatus M. haemolamae infections. This is the first report of hemoplasmas in vicunas, a wild South American camelid, demonstrating that the pathogen can have both a domestic and a wild life cycle. Future studies are necessary to know the current situation of this pathogen in domestic and wild camelids from other locations in Peru.


Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos , Mycoplasma , Animais , Camelídeos Americanos/microbiologia , Peru/epidemiologia , Animais Domésticos , Mycoplasma/genética , Animais Selvagens , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética
19.
Front Microbiol ; 14: 1280588, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38075868

RESUMO

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is considered the primary causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a chronic contagious respiratory disease that causes economic losses. Obtaining new pathogenic isolates and studying the genome and virulence factors are necessary. This study performed a complete sequencing analysis of two Brazilian strains, UFV01 and UFV02, aiming to characterize the isolates in terms of the virulence factors and sequence type. The complete genome analysis revealed the main virulence genes (mhp385, mhp271, MHP_RS03455, p102, p97, p216, MHP_RS00555, mhp107) and ST-123, the presence of three toxin-related genes (tlyC, PLDc_2 and hcnC), and some genetic groups specific to these two isolates. Subsequently, the pathogenicity of the isolates was evaluated via an experimental infection conducted in a swine model. The study was divided into three groups, namely a negative control group (n = 4) and two test groups (n = 8), totaling 20 animals. They were challenged at 35 days of age with 107 CCU (Color Changing Units) M. hyopneumoniae via the intratracheal route. The UFV01 group showed earlier and higher seroconversion (IgG) (100%), while only 50% of the UFV02 group seroconverted. The same trend was observed when analyzing the presence of IgA in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at 35 days post-infection (dpi). The UFV01 group had a mean macroscopic lesion score of 11.75% at 35 dpi, while UFV02 had 3.125%. Microscopic lesions were more severe in the UFV01 group. Based on laryngeal swab samples evaluated by qPCR, and the detection began at 14 days. The UFV01 group showed 75% positivity at 14 dpi. The UFV02 group also started excreting at 14 dpi, with a positivity rate of 37.5%. The results indicate that the UFV01 isolate exhibits higher virulence than UFV02. These findings may aid in developing new vaccines and diagnostic kits and establishing experimental models for testing.

20.
Pathogens ; 12(12)2023 Dec 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38133318

RESUMO

(1) Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in men are a significant public health problem due to the consequences they can have, such as chronic diseases, infertility, cancer, and even death. This study aimed to determine the frequency of microorganisms associated with STIs in men with urethritis attending urology consultations, and to explore their clinical correlations. (2) Methods: A population that attended the urology consultation of the University Hospital "Dr. José E. González" was studied. Written consent was obtained, and interviews and clinical history were conducted about specific risk factors identifying signs and symptoms associated with any genitourinary condition; after that, urine samples were collected. Identification of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalium was based on amplifying species-specific DNA fragments. (3) Results: A total of 200 patients were included. The mean age was 55 years (20-95). According to the interviews, only 32.5% (n = 65) had received prior sex education. Additionally, 75% (n = 150) do not usually use any protection during sexual intercourse. Regarding clinical factors, 69.4% (n = 138) presented burning or pain when urinating. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of C. trachomatis to be 9.5% (n = 19), with U. urealyticum at 13% (n = 26), and M. genitalium at 2% (n = 4). (4) Conclusions: This is the most extensive molecular epidemiological study of the frequency of STIs in men in Mexico in third-level care and its association with different risk factors. As reported globally, a similar frequency of C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalium was detected.

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