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Objective: This systematic review was conducted to analyze the existing evidence on the effects of strength training (ST) and complex/contrast training (CCT) on repeated sprint ability (RSA) in team sports players. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed following the PRISMA statement. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were used. Original full-text articles were analyzed, without date restriction until May 26, 2024, written in English, peer-reviewed, and for eligibility must have included (1) male or female team sports players, amateur or professional category, without age restriction (2) lower extremity ST and/or CCT program (3) active control group (4) running RSA test (e.g., repeated shuttle sprint ability test or straight-line repeated sprint ability test) before and after the intervention period (5) controlled trial. Results: A total of 3,376 studies were identified and screened. Finally, 10 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, all with moderate methodological quality according to the PEDro scale. The best time, mean time, and total time presented significant pre and post-test changes, using ST in 3, 2, and 1 experimental groups, respectively, and using CCT in 1, 1, and 1 experimental groups, respectively, with almost no differences in the percentage decrement most commonly reported in RSA tests. There were no changes in the control groups. Conclusion: Together, ST performed in a range of maximal power provides benefits in the best time and mean time and performed between 80 to 95% of 1 repetition maximum (RM) provides benefits in the best time, mean time, and total time in RSA tests. CCT performed between 75 to 90% of 1 RM combined with jumps and sprints provides benefits in the best time, mean time, and total time in RSA test, but no unaltered percentage decrement in ST and CCT in elite and semi-professional team sport players.
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Desempenho Atlético , Treinamento Resistido , Corrida , Humanos , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Corrida/fisiologia , Masculino , Esportes de Equipe , Feminino , Atletas , Força Muscular/fisiologiaRESUMO
The purpose of the study was to analyze the test-retest reliability of an isometric and isometric/vibratory muscular strength protocol in the bilateral seated bench press (BSBP), bilateral seated rowing (BSR), unilateral seated right knee extension (USKER), and left knee extension (USKEL) tests controlled using functional electromechanical dynamometry (FEMD) in healthy young adults. A repeated measures design was used to determine the reliability of a muscular strength protocol in isometric and isometric vibration modes with FEMD. No significant differences were found in test-retest analysis (p > 0.05; ES < 0.20); and high reliability (CV = 4.65-5.02%; ICC = 0.99-0.98) was found for BSBP measures, and acceptable reliability (CV = 3.71-9.61%; ICC = 0.98-0.95) was found for BSR, USKER, and USKEL. Furthermore, the coefficients between the two measures were strong (r = 0.963-0.839) and highly significant (p = 0.001) for maximal strength in the isometric and maximal isometric/vibratory assessment of muscle strength in all muscle strength tests. This study demonstrates that isometric and maximal isometric/vibratory strength in the BSBP, BSR, USKER, and USKEL tests can be measured with high reliability and reproducibility using the FEMD.
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Objective: To analyze hemodynamic parameters, kidney and cognitive function, and physical performance of institutionalized older adults with high- and low-strength. Method: Cross-sectional study. Twenty-one older adults (11 women, 10 men) participated in this study. Blood samples were collected for analysis of biochemical parameters. Cognitive function was evaluated using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), clock drawing test (CDT), and verbal fluency test, while physical performance was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and, blood pressure, heart rate, and Framingham Risk Score were evaluated. Result: Based on the median value, participants were divided into low-strength (81.63 ± 3.03 years) and high-strength (82.10 ± 2.11 years). The high-strength group showed significantly lower systolic (138.8 ± 3.6 vs. 116.5 ± 3.1; p<0.05), diastolic (84.9 ± 2.14 vs. 72.9 ± 2.2; p<0.05), mean blood pressure (102.2 ± 2.4 vs. 87.4 ± 2.4; p<0.05), and cardiovascular risk (39.7 ± 4.6 vs. 26.0 ± 3.5; p<0.05) than the low-strength group. In addition, the high-strength group had better HDL-c levels (27.4 ± 1.7 vs. 35.6 ± 3.4; p<0.05), higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (51.5 ± 4.9 vs. 86.2 ± 5.5; p<0.05), and lower creatinine (0.94 ± 0.1 vs 0.57 ± 0.1; p<0.05) than the low-strength group. For cognitive data (MMSE and CDT p<0.05) and physical performance (semi-tandem, tandem and walking speed p<0.05), the high-strength group had better scores compared to the low-strength group. Conclusion: Institutionalized older adults with high-strength has better hemodynamic parameters, physical performance, kidney and cognitive function than those with low-strength levels
Objetivo: Analisar os parâmetros hemodinâmicos, a função física, cognitiva e renal de idosos institucionalizados com alta e baixa força. Método: Estudo transversal. Vinte e um idosos (11 mulheres, 10 homens) participaram do estudo. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para análise de parâmetros bioquímicos. A função cognitiva foi avaliada por meio do miniexame do estado mental (MEEM), do teste de desenho do relógio (TDR) e do teste de fluência verbal, enquanto o desempenho físico foi avaliado por meio da Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) e foram aferidas a pressão arterial, a frequência cardíaca e o escore de risco de Framingham. Resultado: Com base no valor da mediana, os participantes foram divididos em baixa força (81,63 ± 3,03 anos) e alta força (82,10 ± 2,11 anos). O grupo de alta força apresentou pressão arterial sistólica (138,8 ± 3,6 vs. 116,5 ± 3,1; p<0,05), diastólica (84,9 ± 2,14 vs. 72,9 ± 2,2; p<0,05), média (102,2 ± 2,4 vs. 87,4 ± 2,4; p<0,05) e risco cardiovascular (39,7 ± 4,6 vs. 26,0 ± 3,5; p<0,05) significativamente menores do que o grupo de baixa força. Além disso, o grupo de alta força apresentou melhores níveis de HDL-c (27,4 ± 1,7 vs. 35,6 ± 3,4; p<0,05), maior taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (51,5 ± 4,9 vs. 86,2 ± 5,5; p<0,05) e menor creatinina (0,94 ± 0,1 vs. 0,57 ± 0,1; p<0,05) do que o grupo de baixa força. Em relação aos dados cognitivos (MEEM e TDR, p<0,05) e ao desempenho físico (semi-tandem, tandem e velocidade de caminhada, p<0,05), o grupo de alta força apresentou melhores escores em comparação com o grupo de baixa força. Conclusão: Os idosos institucionalizados com altos níveis de força têm melhores parâmetros hemodinâmicos, desempenho físico, função renal e cognitiva do que aqueles com baixos níveis de força.PALAVRAS-CHAVEAvaliação GeriátricaCardiovascularDesempenho CognitivoFunção RenalForça Muscular
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cognição , Pressão Arterial , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Casas de Saúde , Física , Padrões de Referência , Mulheres , Pressão Sanguínea , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos , Risco , Fatores de Risco , Creatinina , Força Muscular , Velocidade de Caminhada , Testes de Estado Mental e Demência , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Frequência Cardíaca , Hemodinâmica , Rim , HDL-Colesterol , Homens , MétodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic low back pain may present changes in hip muscles. However, there is still limited and controversial evidence of the association between hip muscle weakness and chronic low back pain and whether this weakness can be assessed with functional tests. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is hip muscle weakness in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain and whether there is an association between the positive Trendelenburg and Step-Down tests and hip muscle strength. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 40 patients with chronic low back pain and 40 healthy participants, assessed in an outpatient clinic in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Muscle strength was measured for the hip abductors, adductors, extensors, internal rotators, and external rotators using isometric manual dynamometry and functional stability was measured by the Trendelenburg and Step-Down tests. Muscle strength was compared using the t test for independent samples and the chi-square test. The association between the tests and strength was performed using a binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Healthy participants showed a statistically significant greater muscle strength for the right hip abductors (mean difference [MD]: 28.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.4 to 46.9), right adductors (MD: 18.7%, 95% CI: 6.2 to 31.2), right internal rotators (MD: 8.7%, 95% CI: 1.5 to 15.8), right extensors (MD: 21.1%, 95% CI: 6.2 to 31.2), left abductors (MD: 30.4%, 95% CI: 11.9 to 49), left adductors (MD: 18.4%, 95% CI: 3.7 to 33.2), and left extensors (MD: 21.6%, 95% CI: 6.6 to 36.5). There was no difference between groups for the positive functional tests, and there was no association between the tests and hip muscle strength. CONCLUSION: Patients with chronic low back pain tend to have hip abductors, adductors, and extensors weakness. Furthermore, the functional tests should not be associated to hip muscle strength in patients with chronic low back pain.
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Dor Lombar , Humanos , Adulto , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Debilidade Muscular/diagnóstico , Quadril , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologiaRESUMO
El trabajo que se presenta parte de un estudio de tipo descriptivo, de naturaleza cualitativa y cuantitativa; para ello, se aplicaron métodos teóricos como el inductivo-deductivo y el analítico-sintético, métodos empíricos como la revisión documental, la observación, la encuesta y la entrevista; además de la medición para la obtención de los datos de la muestra, a partir de la aplicación de los test. Se resaltaron las características del tenis de mesa como deporte, así como las lesiones que se presentan en el mismo. Se indagó acerca de las bases teóricas de los músculos estabilizadores que son aquellos que permiten fijar una articulación para poner ciertos grupos musculares en movimiento. Los tenimesistas categoría sub 13 de La Habana carecen de un instrumento metodológico que sustente el entrenamiento de la resistencia a la fuerza de los músculos estabilizadores, por lo que se propuso como objetivo de esta investigación evaluar la resistencia a la fuerza de los músculos estabilizadores de los tenimesistas categoría sub 13 de La Habana. Se diseñó el instrumento eval-lumbar tennis que permitió valorar el nivel de resistencia a la fuerza de los músculos estabilizadores de la muestra seleccionada. Como resultados, el 100 % de la muestra presentó una resistencia a la fuerza deficiente, donde se encontraron débiles los siguientes músculos: recto abdominal, oblicuo abdominal, multífidos, cuadrado lumbar, intertransverso, serrato anterior, erectores espinales y deltoides en su porción lateral y frontal.
O trabalho que se apresenta assenta num estudo descritivo, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa; Para isso, foram aplicados métodos teóricos como indutivo-dedutivo e analítico-sintético, métodos empíricos como revisão documental, observação, levantamento e entrevista; além da medição para obtenção dos dados amostrais, a partir da aplicação dos testes. Foram destacadas as características do tênis de mesa enquanto esporte, bem como as lesões que nele ocorrem. Foram investigadas as bases teóricas dos músculos estabilizadores, que são aqueles que permitem fixar uma articulação para colocar em movimento determinados grupos musculares. Os tenistas da categoria sub 13 de Havana carecem de um instrumento metodológico que apoie o treinamento de força resistida dos músculos estabilizadores, por isso o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a força resistiva dos músculos estabilizadores dos tenistas da categoria sub 13 de Havana. O instrumento de tênis eval-lombar foi projetado para avaliar o nível de resistência à força dos músculos estabilizadores da amostra selecionada. Como resultados, 100% da amostra apresentou resistência à força deficiente, onde se encontravam fracos os seguintes músculos: reto abdominal, oblíquo abdominal, multífido, quadrado lombar, intertransverso, serrátil anterior, eretores da coluna vertebral e deltóides em sua porção lateral e frontal.
The work that is presented is based on a descriptive study, of a qualitative and quantitative nature; for this, theoretical methods such as inductive-deductive and analytical-synthetic, as well as empirical methods such as documentary review, observation, survey, interview and the measurement to obtain the sample data, from the application of the tests were applied. The characteristics of table tennis as a sport were highlighted, as well as the injuries that occur in it. The theoretical bases of the stabilizing muscles were studied, which are those that allow fixing a joint to put certain muscle groups in motion. The sub 13 category tennis players in Havana lack a methodological instrument that supports the strength endurance training of the stabilizer muscles, so the objective of this research was to evaluate the strength endurance of the stabilizer muscles of the sub 13 category tennis players from Havana. The eval -lumbar tennis instrument was designed to assess the level of endurance to strength of the stabilizing muscles of the selected sample. As a result, 100 % of the sample presented a deficient endurance to strength, where the following muscles were found to be weak: rectus abdominis, oblique abdominis, multifidus, quadratus lumborum, intertransversus, serratus anterior, spinal erectors and deltoids in its lateral portion and frontal.
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BACKGROUND: It has been established that for youth without disabilities, muscular strength (MS) is negatively associated with total and central adiposity. However, this relationship has not been clearly established for youth with intellectual disability (ID). The purpose of this study was to examine the association of MS with total and central adiposity in adolescents with ID. METHOD: Participants were 59 adolescents (40 males and 19 females: age 16.29 ± 1.66 years) with ID. Total and central adiposity were evaluated with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, waist circumference (WC), and conicity index (C-index). MS was evaluated with the score on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (range, 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating better performance). Sex-specific maturity offset equations were used to evaluate somatic maturity. Spearman's correlation coefficients and sequential multiple regression were used to examine associations between MS and adiposity. RESULTS: Muscular strength score was negatively associated with BMI (sr = -0.32; P < 0.05), percent body fat (%BF; total, trunk, android and gynoid regions) (sr = -0.51 to -0.58; P < 0.01), and android-to-gynoid fat ratio (sr = -0.29; P < 0.05). After control for somatic maturity and sex, regression analysis indicated that MS score explained 10%-17% of the variance in BMI, BMI z-score, %BF (total, trunk, android and gynoid regions), WC, C-index and android-to-gynoid fat ratio. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that MS is associated with DXA- and anthropometric-determined total and central adiposity among adolescents with ID.
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Adiposidade , Obesidade , Adolescente , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Circunferência da Cintura , Obesidade/complicações , Absorciometria de Fóton , Índice de Massa CorporalRESUMO
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) has been used as an ergogenic substance during high-intensity exercises. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of NaHCO3 supplementation on external and internal load parameters during isokinetic exercise in trained subjects. Ten subjects were tested on two occasions: after ingesting 0.3 g.kg-1 of body mass of NaHCO3 or placebo. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction was performed before and after a dynamic protocol consisting of 10 series of 10 movements of flexion/extension of the knee extensors at 120° s-1 at an interval of 60 s between series. Outcomes considered were: peak torque (isokinetic dynamometry), blood lactate and creatine concentration (CK), analysis of perceptions of effort (OMNI scale), pain (visual analog scale) and recovery (scale raging 6 to 20). Performance was assessed using peak torque values. Muscle damage was assessed prior and 24 h post exercise. The subjective perceptions of effort, pain and recovery were assessed at different times and the internal load of the session was assessed 30 min post-effort. Although significant reductions in peak torque were noted both in isometric (NaHCO3:-29.11 ± 22.95%, Placebo: -23.51 ± 15.23%; p = 0.38) and isokinetic strength (NaHCO3:-23.0 ± 13.9%, Placebo:-19.6 ± 9.1%; p = 0.09), there was no effect of supplementation on performance (p > 0.05). The blood CK concentrations (NaHCO3: pre:225.3 ± 135.9 U/L, post: 418.4 ± 318.4 U/L; Placebo: pre:238 ± 94.03 U/L, post:486 ± 336.6 U/L) increased after protocol (p = 0.005), however, without differences between conditions. In conclusion, the NaHCO3 did not attribute benefits in performance or in parameters related to the internal load of exercise.
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Suplementos Nutricionais , Músculo Esquelético , Bicarbonato de Sódio , Humanos , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Dor , Bicarbonato de Sódio/farmacologia , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Contração Isométrica , Ácido Láctico/sangueRESUMO
Abstract Introduction Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is associated with a decline in ventilatory muscle strength and lung function. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) based on anaerobic threshold (AT) has been used to minimize the impact of CABG on these parameters, but the long-term impact is unknown. Objective To test the hypothesis that AT-based IMT improves inspiratory muscle strength and lung function even six months after CABG. Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. In the preoperative period, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), vital capacity (VC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate were assessed. On the first postoperative day, patients were randomized into two groups: AT-based IMT (IMT-AT) (n=21) where the load was prescribed based on glycemic threshold and conventional IMT (IMT-C) (n=21), with load of 40% of MIP. Patients were trained during hospitalization until the day of discharge and were assessed at discharge and six months later. For within-group comparison, paired Student's t-test or Wilcoxon test was used, and independent Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the different time points. A p<0.05 was considered significant. Results At six months after CABG surgery, statistical difference was found between the IMT-AT and the IMT-C groups in MIP (difference between the means of -5cmH2; 95% CI=- 8.21to-1.79) and VC (difference between the means of -2ml/kg;95%CI=-3.87to-0.13). No difference was found between groups in the other variables analyzed. Conclusion IMT-AT promoted greater recovery of inspiratory muscle strength and VC after six months of CABG when compared to conventional training.
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Resumen Introducción: la sarcopenia es una complicación frecuente de cirrosis y se ha relacionado con progresión de insuficiencia hepática y aumento de las complicaciones, incluida la mortalidad. El objetivo del presente estudió fue determinar los factores asociados a la masa y la fuerza muscular en pacientes cirróticos. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal, descriptivo y analítico. Se incluyó a todos los adultos que acudieron a valoración ambulatoria por hepatología con diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática. A todos se les realizó una valoración nutricional que incluyó mediciones antropométricas, bioimpedanciometría, fuerza de agarre y la escala de tamización Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT). Se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal o logística, según correspondiera. Resultados: se incluyó a 40 pacientes. La frecuencia de malnutrición fue de 17,5% de acuerdo con la fuerza de agarre. Los principales determinantes de la masa muscular en el análisis lineal multivariable fueron la edad, el valor de proteína corporal total y el agua corporal total. La fuerza de agarre también fue un predictor significativo en la regresión lineal univariable. Las variables relacionadas con fuerza muscular disminuida fueron el puntaje Child-Pugh, la historia de ascitis y de encefalopatía hepática, el consumo de terapias de disminución de amonio, la puntuación en la escala RFH-NPT y la masa libre de grasa. Conclusiones: la masa muscular esquelética del paciente cirrótico se asoció con la edad, cambios en la composición corporal y la fuerza de agarre. Los determinantes de la fuerza muscular fueron el estadio de la enfermedad, el consumo de terapias de disminución de amonio y la puntuación en la escala RFH-NPT.
Abstract Introduction: Sarcopenia is a frequent complication of cirrhosis and has been related to the progression of liver failure and increased complications, including mortality. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with muscle mass and strength in cirrhotic patients. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study. All adults who attended outpatient hepatology assessment with a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis were included. They underwent a nutritional examination that included anthropometric measurements, bioimpedanciometry, grip strength, and the Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) screening scale. A linear or logistic regression analysis was performed as appropriate. Results: 40 patients were included. The frequency of malnutrition was 17.5%, according to grip strength. The main determinants of muscle mass in the multivariate linear analysis were age, total body protein value, and total body water. Grip strength was also a significant predictor in univariate linear regression. Variables related to decreased muscle strength were the Child-Pugh score, history of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy, consumption of ammonium-lowering therapies, RFH-NPT score, and fat-free mass. Conclusions: The skeletal muscle mass of the cirrhotic patient was associated with age, changes in body composition, and grip strength. The muscle strength determinants were the disease's stage, the consumption of ammonium-lowering therapies, and the score on the RFH-NPT scale.
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Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio es describir el perfil de las variables del EIMP entre las dos posiciones de juego y determinar las posibles asociaciones con las características antropométricas y las cualidades físicas de un grupo de jugadores Rugby amateurs chilenos. Hipótesis: es por eso por lo que podemos plantear como hipótesis la existencia de asociaciones entre las variables de EIMP y las cualidades físicas de los jugadores de RU. Diseño metodológico: este estudio tiene un diseño de cohorte observacional, descriptivo y correlacional. Se investigó la asociación existente entre las variables de EIMP con las pruebas físicas y las variables antropométricas. Fueron evaluados treinta y dos jugadores de rugby varones de nivel amateurs chilenos (promedio ( DE, edad, 23,3 ( 5,4 años). Resultados: para la variable Masa Muscular se encontraron asociaciones grandes (r = 0.53) (p = 0.001) con la FM y asociaciones moderadas (r = 0,48) (r = 0,47) (r = 0,44) (r = 0,46) con F50, F100, F150 y F200 respectivamente. También se pueden observar las asociaciones grandes (R2 = 0,305) (R2 = 0,297) (R2 = 0,267) entre 1RM PB y F200, F100 y F150, respectivamente. Conclusión: en conclusión, este estudio puede demostrar la existencia de asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre algunas de las variables antropométricas y físicos con las variables de Fuerza de EIMP en jugadores de RU amateurs chilenos.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to describe the profile of the EIMP variables between two playing positions and to determine its possible associations with anthropometric characteristics and physical qualities of a group of Chilean amateur rugby players. HYPOTHESIS: There are associations between the EIMP variables and the physical qualities of UR players. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN: This study has an observational, descriptive and correlational cohort design. The association between the EIMP variables, from the physical tests, and the anthropometric variables was investigated. Thirty-two Chilean amateur-level male rugby players were evaluated (mean ( SD, age, 23.3 ( 5.4 years). RESULTS: For the Muscle Mass variable, large associations were found (r=0.53) (p=0.001) to FM, and moderate associations (r=0.48) (r=0.47) (r=0.44) (r =0.46) to F50, F100, F150, and F200 respectively. Large associations (R2=0.305) (R2=0.297) (R2=0.267) between 1RM PB and F200, F100, and F150, respectively, can also be observed. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study can demonstrate the existence of statistically significant associations between some of the anthropometric and physical variables and the EIMP Strength variables in Chilean amateur UR players.
OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o perfil das variáveis EIMP entre as duas posições de jogo e determinar as possíveis associações com as características antropométricas e qualidades físicas de um grupo de jogadores amadores de rugby chilenos. HIPÓTESE: É por isso que podemos hipotetizar a existência de associações entre as variáveis do EIMP e as qualidades físicas dos jogadores do RU. DESENHO METODOLÓGICO: Este estudo tem um desenho de coorte observacional, descritivo e correlacional. Investigou-se a associação entre as variáveis do EIMP com os testes físicos e as variáveis antropométricas. Trinta e dois jogadores de rugby masculinos de nível amador chileno foram avaliados (média ( DP, idade, 23,3 ( 5,4 anos). RESULTADOS: Para a variável Massa Muscular foram encontradas grandes associações (r=0,53ejercicio y cualidades físicos) (r=0,47) (r=0,44) (r=0,46) com F50, F100, F150 e F200 respectivamente. Grandes associações (R2=0,305) (R2=0,297) (R2=0,267) entre 1RM PB e F200, F100 e F150 respebaloncestotambém podem ser observadas. CONCLUSÃO: Em conclusão, este estudo pode demonstrar a existência de associações estatisticamente significativas entre algumas das variáveis antropométricas e físicas com as variáveis EIMP Força em jogadores amadores do RU chilenos.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Antropometria , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Rugby/fisiologia , Coxa da Perna/fisiologia , Exercício Físico , Intervalos de Confiança , Análise de Regressão , Análise de Variância , Contração Isométrica/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A nutrient-poor and hypocaloric diet may be associated with lower handgrip strength (HGS), whereas a high-quality or balanced diet may be associated with higher HGS. However, no study has used the NOVA system for classifying food by their degree of processing. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between food consumption according to the degree of food processing and HGS in Brazilian teenagers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included teenagers aged 18 and 19 years old from the 1997/98 São Luís' birth cohort, Maranhão, Brazil. HGS (kilogram-force) was measured via a Jamar Plus + dynamometer. Food consumption was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The energy intake of culinary preparations (unprocessed or minimally processed food and processed culinary ingredients), processed, and ultra-processed foods was evaluated in percentages and categorized in tertiles. The associations between each food group intake and HGS was estimated via crude and adjusted linear regression models. A directed acyclic graph was used to identify confounding factors. RESULTS: We evaluated 2,433 teenagers, 52.1% of which were girls. For boys, adjusted analysis showed an association between the highest HGS and the 3rd tertile of culinary preparation consumption (ß: 1.95; 95%CI: 0.80; 3.10) and between the lowest HGS and the 3rd tertile of ultra-processed food consumption (ß: -2.25; 95%CI: -3.40; -1.10). Among girls, the consumption of culinary preparations in the 3rd tertile was associated with higher HGS (ß: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.05; 1.46). CONCLUSIONS: Higher consumption of culinary preparations and lower consumption of ultra-processed foods can contribute to reduce the chance of lower HGS in adult life. Interventions to promote the development and preservation of muscle strength should include dietary recommendations.
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Dieta Redutora , Força da Mão , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Estudos Transversais , Obesidade , Fast FoodsRESUMO
The health benefits of physical activity (PA) are widely recognized; however, biological maturation contributions are a subject that has been little studied, which is why the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a six-week training program at moderate-intensity on the muscular strength and aerobic capacity in children between nine and 13 years (13 ± 1.0 years) according to their maturation state. Twenty-six schoolchildren (15 girls) participated in a six-week physical exercise program based on aerobic/anaerobic capacity and coordination skills. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), trunk-lift, push-ups, curl-ups, and handgrip strength (both hands) were measured as response variables. Body mass index (BMI), skeletal maturity indicator (SMI), peak height velocity (PHV), age on peak height velocity (APHV) and sex were considered as covariates. The results of VO2max, push-ups, curl-ups, and handgrip strength were higher after the exercise program in the whole group (p < 0.05). The VO2max showed a greater increase in the normal-weight than in the overweight-obesity children (p = 0.001). Higher results in dominant handgrip strength were observed in girls (p = 0.003). The PHV before intervention presented a positive correlation with the dominant handgrip strength in all kids (r = 0.70, p = 0.001). As a conclusion, the six-week training program improved the physical fitness of children independent of the maturation state. Somatic maturation increases the physical abilities in schoolchildren.
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels, causing serious damage to the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and other systems. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was 6.28% in 2017, considering all age groups worldwide (prevalence rate of 6,059 cases per 100,000), and its global prevalence is projected to increase to 7,079 cases per 100,000 by 2030. Furthermore, these individuals are often affected by diabetic myopathy, which is the failure to preserve muscle mass and function in the course of DM. This happens in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and T2DM. As skeletal muscle plays a key role in locomotion and glucose homeostasis, diabetic myopathy may contribute to additional complications of the disease. In addition, chronic hyperglycemia is associated with lung functional changes seen in patients with DM, such as reduced lung volumes and compliance, inspiratory muscle strength, and lung elastic recoil. Thus, the weakness of the inspiratory muscles, a consequence of diabetic myopathy, can influence exercise tolerance. Thus, moderate strength training in T2DM can contribute to the gain of peripheral muscle strength. Although the literature is robust on the loss of mass and consequent muscle weakness in diabetic myopathy, triggering pathophysiological factors, the impact on functional capacity, as well as the prescription of physical exercise for this condition deserves to be further explored. This review aims to explore the consequences of diabetic myopathy and its implication in rehabilitation from prescription to safety in the practice of physical exercises for these individuals.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Doenças Musculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Tolerância ao Exercício , Humanos , Força Muscular/fisiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: El envejecimiento es un proceso natural consecuencia de múltiples factores moleculares y celulares que producen un deterioro de la aptitud física. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto de un programa de actividad física musicalizada en la aptitud física de ancianas colombianas. Métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental realizado en 49 ancianas de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Se implementó un programa de actividad física musicalizada de 10 semanas. La composición corporal, la capacidad aeróbica y la fuerza de miembros inferiores se determinaron mediante el Índice de Masa Corporal, las pruebas de seis minutos de caminata, y sentarse y levantarse de una silla, respectivamente. Las variables fueron analizadas en medidas de tendencia central o frecuencias según su naturaleza. Para determinar la existencia de una diferencia estadísticamente significativa, se usaron las pruebas t-student y exacta de Fischer. El nivel de significancia fue de p≤0,05. Resultados: Luego de la implementación del programa, se evidenció una disminución de 0,71 kg/m2 en la media de IMC, un aumento de 2,14 en la media de repeticiones en la prueba de resistencia a la fuerza y un incremento de 39,89 en la media de metros alcanzados en la prueba de capacidad aeróbica. Así mismo, aumentó el número de mujeres que pasaron a la categoría funcional en los niveles de fuerza y capacidad aeróbica y el número de mujeres que alcanzaron un peso normal. Las diferencias anteriormente mencionadas fueron estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: El programa de actividad física musicalizada mejoró la composición corporal y aumentó los niveles de fuerza muscular y capacidad aeróbica(AU)
Introduction: Aging is a natural process resulting from multiple molecular and cellular factors producing deterioration of physical fitness. Objective: To determine the impact of a musicalized physical activity program on the physical fitness of elderly Colombian women. Methods: A quasi-experimental study carried out in 49 elderly women from Bucaramanga, Colombia. We implemented a 10-week musicalized physical activity program. Body composition, aerobic capacity, and lower limb strength were determined by Body Mass Index, six-minute walk, and chair sitting and standing tests, respectively. The variables were analyzed in measures of central tendency or frequencies according to their nature. To determine the existence of a statistically significant difference, the t-student and Fischer's exact tests were used. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05. Results: After implementing the program, the mean BMI decreased by 0.71 kg/m2, the mean number of repetitions increased by 2.14 in the strength resistance test and the average reached meters increased by 39 .89 in the aerobic capacity test. Likewise, the number of women who moved into the functional category in strength and aerobic capacity levels and the number of women who reached a normal weight increased. The aforementioned differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: The musicalized physical activity program improved body composition and increased levels of muscle strength and aerobic capacity(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aptidão Física , Saúde do Idoso , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , ColômbiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to assess the reproducibility of two dynamometers in handrail format to measure handgrip strength and traction force in the young and older adults; (2) to compare the handgrip strength and traction of these two populations. APPROACH: Twenty-four volunteers (12 older adults and 12 young adults) performed a functional effort related to handgrip strength and traction force during stair climbing. The participants were evaluated two times (separated by one week) using a coupled dynamometer that quantifies the muscular effort in grip and traction simultaneously to simulate stair climbing in bus service. RESULTS: The young adults performed significantly better (p < 0.04) than the older adults in both handgrip and traction efforts (medium to large effect size), with excellent reliability (Intraclass Coefficient Correlation > 0.9) and low error of measure. The dynamometers were able to discriminate the two population groups (sensitive validity) and showed excellent reproducibility estimates for handgrip and traction strength in both young and older adults. CONCLUSION: These instruments could be useful in assessing handgrip and traction strength needed to climb stairs, especially for the older adults, who normally have more difficulty performing this task.
Assuntos
Força da Mão , Tração , Idoso , Gravitação , Humanos , Dinamômetro de Força Muscular , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo: analisar os efeitos de um programa de prevenção de lesão sobre a função muscular do quadril, a amplitude de movimento (ADM) de dorsiflexão do tornozelo e o controle postural em militares. Metodologia: foram incluídos no estudo nove militares (30,56±8,33 anos), que foram avaliados pré e pós intervenção por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: a) Avaliação funcional do quadril através dos testes funcionais para o músculo glúteo máximo e glúteo médio; b) Avaliação da ADM de dorsiflexão do tornozelo, por meio do teste de Lunge realizado com uma fita métrica; c) Avaliação do equilíbrio, por meio da Posturografia Dinâmica Computadorizada (sistema EquiTest® NeuroCom), incluindo os testes de organização sensorial (TOS), que é dividido em seis condições e o índice geral do equilíbrio (composite). Os militares foram submetidos a um programa de prevenção de lesão durante 10 semanas, aplicado 2 vezes semanais com duração de aproximadamente 50 minutos. O programa foi constituído de exercícios em 4 categorias, incluindo aquecimento / corrida, fortalecimento muscular, equilíbrio e alongamento. Resultados: houve melhorias significativas sobre a função muscular de glúteo médio não-dominante (p=0,01), a ADM de dorsiflexão do tornozelo dominante (p=0,02) e sobre o controle postural, através do aumento da condição V dos TOS (p=0,04), valor de composite (p=0,02) e do sistema vestibular (p=0,03). Conclusão: O programa de exercícios proposto melhorou os parâmetros de função muscular glútea, mobilidade de tornozelo e controle postural em militares.
Objective: to analyze the effects of an injury prevention program on hip muscle function, range of motion (ADM) of ankle dorsiflexion and postural control in the military. Methodology: nine military personnel (30.56 ± 8.33 years) were included in the study, who were evaluated before and after intervention through the following instruments: a) Functional assessment of the hip through functional tests for the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles; b) Evaluation of the ADM of ankle dorsiflexion by means of the Lunge test performed with a tape measure; c) Evaluation of balance through Computational Dynamic Posturography (EquiTest® NeuroCom system), including sensory organization tests (TOS), which is divided into six conditions and the general equilibrium index (composite). The military underwent an injury prevention program for 10 weeks, applied twice weekly with a duration of approximately 50 minutes. The program consisted of exercises in 4 categories, including warm up / running, muscle strengthening, balance and stretching. Results: there were significant improvements in non-dominant gluteus medial muscle function (p = 0.01), dominant ankle dorsiflexion ROM (p = 0.02) and postural control, through an increase in the TOS V condition (p = 0.04), composite value (p = 0.02) and vestibular system (p = 0.03). Conclusion: a exercises program improved of gluteal muscle function, ankle mobility and postural control in the military.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Nádegas , Exercício Físico , Equilíbrio Postural , Força Muscular , Quadril , Tornozelo , Militares , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos de Avaliação como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Fazer uma atualização da revisão de literatura sobre sarcopenia publicada em 2014 nesta revista. De acordo com o Consenso do Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), a sarcopenia foi redefinida como uma doença muscular, caracterizada pela redução da força muscular, associada à diminuição da qualidade/quantidade muscular e/ou desempenho físico, sendo classificada como primária, secundária, aguda e crônica. Além de consequências físicas como aumento da ocorrência de quedas e limitação para atividades cotidianas, pode promover alterações sistêmicas pelo desequilíbrio entre síntese e degradação proteica. A prevalência aumenta com a idade, sendo mais alta a partir de 60 anos. Estudos em seis países encontraram prevalência entre 4,6% e 22,1%, havendo oscilação de valores conforme definições utilizadas, métodos diagnósticos e os pontos de corte para índice de massa muscular (IMM). Como estratégia para refinar a detecção do risco da sarcopenia, o EWGSOP2 sugere aplicação do questionário SARC-F. Para mensuração da variável massa muscular, os métodos recomendados são Ressonância Magnética, Tomografia Computadorizada, Absorciometria de Raio-X de Dupla Energia, Bioimpedância Elétrica e Antropometria, existindo acurácias e custos variáveis entre eles. Na aferição da força muscular, a principal forma de mensuração é a força de preensão palmar. Já o desempenho físico pode ser quantificado através do teste de velocidade de marcha de quatro metros. As formas de tratamento são treino de exercícios de resistência progressiva e aeróbicos, além de uma nutrição adequada. O estilo de vida sedentário, obesidade e fragilidade são fatores desencadeantes de perda de massa e função muscular no ambiente clínico.
OBJECTIVES: To update on a sarcopenia literature review published in 2014 in this journal. According to the Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People Consensus (EWGSOP2), sarcopenia was redefined as a muscular disease, characterized by muscular strength reduction, associated with a diminished muscular quantity and /or quality and /or low physical performance, being stratified as primary, secondary acute and chronic. Beyond physical consequences as a fall risk and daily activities, sarcopenia can promote a dysbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. Sarcopenia prevalence is higher with increasing age, especially after 60 years. Studies in six countries had found sarcopenia prevalence between 4.6% and 22.1%, but differences between definitions, diagnostic methods, and cutoff points to evaluate muscle mass and function are found. To improve sarcopenia risk detection, EWGSOP2 suggests the use of the SARC-F questionnaire. Muscle mass measurement recommended methods are Magnet Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography, Double Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Electric Bioimpedance, and Anthropometry with variable accuracy and costs between these methods. To evaluate muscle strength, the handgrip strength test is the main method recommended. In addition, four Meter Gait speed is recommended to evaluate physical performance. Treatment options are progressive exercise, endurance training, and aerobic exercises, together with nutritional interventions. Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and frailty are the main risks factors associated with muscle mass and function losses in the clinical setting
Assuntos
Sarcopenia , Força Muscular , Doenças MuscularesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Handgrip strength (HGS) is an indicator of overall strength; therefore, individual HGS measurements should be interpreted using geographic region and ethnic group references. AIMS: The aim of this study was to develop new normative values for absolute and relative HGS in the Colombian population after stratification by sex, age, and body mass using the large National Representative Nutrition Survey 2015. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 3803 subjects aged 6-64 years. Absolute HGS was measured using a hand dynamometer with an adjustable grip, and normalized HGS was calculated by dividing the HGS by body mass. Smoothed centile tables for the P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P97 centiles were calculated using Cole's lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. This study used a cutoff at 2 standard deviations (SDs) below the sex-specific peak mean value across the life course to define weak, absolute and relative HGS. RESULTS: In men, HGS peaked at 26-33 years of age (~43.0 kg in P50), especially in the upper centiles, and fell away quickly. The pattern was different in females, where this value peaked at ages 25-33 (~26.0 kg in P50). We found a curvilinear pattern for HGS that declined with age in both sexes. There was significant variation in the slope for HGS in men and women around the age of 25 and 35 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: The normative values presented here are a valuable source of information for the clinical assessment of HGS and for comparison with studies from other countries.
Assuntos
Força da Mão , Estado Nutricional , Adulto , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The effect of two physical training methods on older adults should be investigated in greater depth and its results shared with the community. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of two types of physical training on the functional features associated with the cognitive state and the effect on a physiological mediator of growth hormone (IGF-1) in older women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quasi-experimental study that included 12 weeks of training in two groups divided into resistance and aerobic training. The study included a population of 113 women aged 69.39 ± 6.48 years from Talcahuano, Chile. All participants were randomly assigned to either group. The MINIMENTAL test was used to examine the executive functions of cognitive state and blood concentration of IGF-1, which was also used to examine neurotrophic factors. For the assessment of physical condition, an indirect test was used for the maximum mass displaced in one repetition (1RM) by the limbs and the TM6 test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption. RESULTS: Significant differences between the groups with respect to the total score obtained in the MINIMENTAL test (EG1 = 28.13 ± 2.26; EG2 = 28.57 ± 1.83 and CG = 23.47 ± 2.80; ANOVA; p = 0.000) were observed. A post hoc analysis revealed no significant differences when examining executive functions individually between groups (Bonferroni; p > 0.05). An increase in the neurotrophic factor IGF-1 was also recorded in the training groups (EG1 p = 0.014 and EG2 p = 0.005). The pre- and post-test showed large differences in magnitude in the resistance training group (ES = 0.9; 20.41% change). CONCLUSION: Both workouts produce an overall improvement in the functions associated with cognitive status and increase blood concentrations of IGF-1 in older adults.
Assuntos
Treinamento Resistido , Idoso , Chile , Cognição , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular , Consumo de OxigênioRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: la insuficiencia cardiaca es considerada la patología del milenio, cuya mortalidad va en aumento y sus efectos se reflejan en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: identificar los cambios en la capacidad funcional, fuerza y calidad de vida luego de un programa de entrenamiento para pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. Métodos y materiales: ensayo controlado aleatorizado en un periodo de 3 años con una muestra de 920 pacientes con falla cardiaca distribuidos en 3 grupos: solo ejercicio aeróbico (GC), ejercicio aeróbico más entrenamiento para miembros superiores (GE1), ejercicio aeróbico más entrenamiento de miembros inferiores (GE2). Se realizaron mediciones de capacidad aeróbica, frecuencia cardiaca máxima, antropometría, depresión y ansiedad (test HADS), parámetros clínicos y hemodinámicos y la escala Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire y la New York Heart Association. Las pruebas se realizaron antes y después de 24 sesiones de entrenamiento de 60 minutos, 3 veces por semana durante dos meses. Resultados: en la fuerza prensil el GE1 tuvo una gran mejoría en comparación con el GE2 (31±6,4 vs 28±5,0; p= 0,001) y GC (31±6,4 vs 24±9,2; p=0,001)y la calidad de vida mejorósignificativamente en los grupos experimentales en comparación con el grupo control (GC:49,1±8,8 vs GE1:40,5±4,5; p=0,0001) (GC:49,1±8,8 vs GE2:34,5±6,9; p=0,0001) (G1:40,5±4,5 vs GE2:34,5±6,9; p=0,0001). Además, se mejoraron variables como la capacidad funcional, depresión, ansiedad, antropometría y fracción de eyección. Conclusiones: en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca se recomienda el uso de ejercicicos de fuerza muscular, los cuales aumentan la capacidad funcional, calidad de vida y mejoran variables asociadas como, la depresión y ansiedad. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03913780.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Heart failure is considered the millennium pathology, whose mortality is increasing and its effects are reflected in the quality of life. Objective: To identify changes in functional capacity, strength and quality of life after a training program in patients with heart failure. Methods and materials: Randomized controlled trial over a period of 3 years with a sample of 920 patients with heart failure distributed in 3 groups (only aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise plus training for MMSS, aerobic exercise plus MMII training). Aerobic capacity, maximum heart, anthropometry, depression and anxiety (HADS Test), clinical and hemodynamic parameters measurements and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire and the New York Heart Association were performed. The tests were performed before and after 24 60-minute training sessions, 3 times a week for two months. Results: In the prehensile force the GE1 had a great improvement compared to the GE2 (31±6.4 vs 28±5.0; p= 0.001) and GC (31±6.4 vs 24±9.2; p=0.001) and the quality of life improved significantly in the experimental groups compared to the control group (GC:49.1±8.8 vs. GE1:40.5±4.5; p=0.000) (GC:49.1±8.8 vs. GE2:34.5±6.9; p=0.000) (G1:40.5±4.5 vs. GE2:34.5±6.9; p=0.000). In addition, variables such as functional capacity, depression, anxiety, anthropometry and ejection fraction were improved. Conclusions: In patients with heart failure, the use of muscular strength exercises is recommended, which increase functional capacity, quality of life and improve associated variables such as depression and anxiety. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03913780.