RESUMO
The populations of the loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, present four main D-loop mitochondrial haplogroups that are distributed across the Indo-Pacific, Mediterranean, and Atlantic oceans. The Southwestern Atlantic (SWA) is one of the Regional Management Units (RMUs) of loggerheads, characterized by unique haplotypes, high nest density, and distinct life history traits. Detecting new D-loop haplogroups is important, particularly endemic ones, as they can enhance our understanding of their life history within the RMUs and contribute to the resolution of mixed stock analysis. In this study, we conducted a series of phylogenetic delimitation and network analyses to identify, validate, and infer the origin of four new D-loop haplotypes detected in the loggerhead populations from the SWA. Our findings demonstrate that these new D-loop haplotypes are valid and unique to the SWA lineage, potentially aiding in the delimitation of individuals' origins and the inference of their lineage.
RESUMO
Brazilians form one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world, as the result of five centuries of miscegenation between its native populations with migrants from Europe, Africa and Asia. The present study intended to characterize the frequencies of mtDNA haplotypes in a dataset of 306 individuals from Brasília, Federal District of Brazil. Brasília was built from scratch in the late 1950s and its construction attracted migrants from different regions of Brazil, mostly from Central-West, Northeast and Southeast regions. Due to its formation, its population is admixed. The goal of this study was to collect mtDNA population data and contribute to databases for a better use of mtDNA for forensic purposes. The haplotypes are available at EMPOP website under accession number EMP00695.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Haplótipos , Brasil , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Numerous self-sustaining naturalized or introduced populations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are widely distributed throughout the freshwaters of southern Chile. In this study, analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) marker was conducted to investigate the level of genetic divergence among populations and their phylogenetic relationships with respect to native lineages. This information provided a framework to interpret the genetic structure and origin that was shaped during historical trout introduction efforts. To this end, we analyzed eleven naturalized populations of lakes and rivers from five basins. The CR marker revealed five haplotypes. The overall haplotype (H) and nucleotide (Π) diversities were 0.684 ± 0.030 and 0.00460 ± 0.00012, respectively. Global F ST was 0.169, with several pairwise F ST estimates showing significant differences (P < 0.05). The exact test of population differentiation corroborated this result (P < 0.001). Significant geographic structure was found (P < 0.05), with variations explained primarily by differences within populations (61.65%) and among group basins (20.82%). Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis resolved two distinct clades with medium bootstrap support when naturalized populations were aligned in conjunction with reference native lineages. The haplotype network revealed a close association between naturalized populations and four main haplotypes representative of three native ecotypes or lineages from western North America (rainbow trout, steelhead trout and redband trout). These results indicate a genetic population structuring for naturalized rainbow trout from southern Chile and an origin probably represented by multiple lineages sources. Thus, mitochondrial DNA data strongly suggest that stocking of rainbow trout from different origins may have occurred during or after the initial introduction efforts.
RESUMO
This study aimed at the sequence and analysis of the mtDNA control region (CR) of the Diatraea saccharalis. The genome PCR amplification was performed using the complementary primers to the flanking regions of Bombyx mori CR mitochondrial segment. The sequencing revealed that the amplified product was 568 bp long, which was smaller than that observed for B. mori (725 bp). Within the amplified segment, a sequence with 338 nucleotides was identified as the control region, which displayed a high AT content (93.5%). The D. saccharalis mtDNA CR multiple sequence alignment analysis showed that this region had high similarity with the Lepidoptera Cydia pomonella.
A broca da cana, Diatraea saccharalis pertence à família dos lepidópteros. A presença da larva pode ser extremamente destrutiva, chegando a inviabilizar a atividade canavieira, causando prejuízos consideráveis à agroindústria sucro-alcooleira. Atualmente a broca da cana vem sendo extinta da plantação por métodos de controle biológico, entretanto a evolução desses programas depende de maiores conhecimentos básicos da biologia molecular deste inseto. O estudo do segmento do genoma mitocondrial denominado região controle é amplamente utilizado em análises genéticas e filogenéticas em insetos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi sequenciar e analisar a região controle do genoma mitocondrial de Diatraea saccharalis. Esse segmento apresentou 338 nucleotídeos, menor que o observado em Bombyx mori, com conteúdo de 93,5% de A/T. As analises realizadas mostraram que Diatraea saccharalis apresenta 76% de similaridade com Cydia pomonella.