RESUMO
Phenological studies are especially important in order to understand the ecological process operating at temporal level. The western slopes of the northern Chilean Andes at about 3,500 m asl are a mosaic of arid environments in which precipitations are highly seasonal, mostly concentrated in summer. Teriocolias zelia andina Forbes (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is one of the most conspicuous and regularly observed butterflies flying in this region; it is a host specialist associated with the native shrub Senna birostris var. arequipensis (Fabaceae). The objectives of this study were (1) to characterize the temporal variations in the relative abundance of eggs of this host-specialist butterfly and (2) to examine the relationship of these variations with leaf phenology. Monthly samplings of eggs were carried out from February 2011 to January 2012. Circular statistical analyses of the relative abundance of eggs indicated clustered distribution along the year with the mean vector in June. Temporal variation in the relative abundance of eggs was correlated (Spearman rank correlation test) with the availability of plant substrate for egg laying and larval feeding.
Assuntos
Borboletas , Oviposição , Animais , Chile , Meio Ambiente , Larva , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
Las especies de los subgéneros Phloridosa y Drosophila (este último en relación con los grupos de especies: D. flavopilosa, D. onychophora y D. bromeliae) son especies de Drosophila que se desarrollan únicamente en flores. El grupo D. onychophora fue propuestopara agrupar a especies exclusivamente antófilas. El grupo D. onychophora está integrado por 18 especies, que se encuentran relacionadas con las flores de Asteraceae. En el Parque Arqueológico Rumipamba, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador, se realizaron capturas de Drosophila, en los meses de febrero, mayo, julio, septiembre y diciembre del 2009. Las especies fueron recolectadas directamente en las flores con un aspirador entomológico. En total se capturaron 427 individuos de Drosophila y se identificaron 11 especies, de las cuales seis son nuevas especies del grupo D. onychophora y una es un nuevo registro para el Ecuador. En este trabajo se describen cuatro de las seis especies nuevas.
The species of the subgenera Phloridosa and Drosophila (in this last one, regarding the Drosophila species groups: D. flavopilosa, D. onychophora and D. bromeliae) are species of Drosophila that developed only in flowers. The group D. onychophora was proposed to bring together exclusively antophilic species. The former group is composed by 18 species, and is associated to flowers of Asteraceae. Captures were made in the Parque Arqueológico Rumipamba, Pichincha, Ecuador, during February, May, July, September and December of 2009. The species were collected directly from flowers with an insect aspirator. A total of 427 individuals from Drosophila were captured. We identified 11 species, of which six are new species of the D. onychophora species group and one is a new record for Ecuador. In this paper we describe four of the six new species.
RESUMO
Las especies de los subgéneros Phloridosa y Drosophila (este último en relación con los grupos de especies: D. flavopilosa, D. onychophora y D. bromeliae) son especies de Drosophila que se desarrollan únicamente en flores. El grupo D. onychophora fue propuestopara agrupar a especies exclusivamente antófilas. El grupo D. onychophora está integrado por 18 especies, que se encuentran relacionadas con las flores de Asteraceae. En el Parque Arqueológico Rumipamba, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador, se realizaron capturas de Drosophila, en los meses de febrero, mayo, julio, septiembre y diciembre del 2009. Las especies fueron recolectadas directamente en las flores con un aspirador entomológico. En total se capturaron 427 individuos de Drosophila y se identificaron 11 especies, de las cuales seis son nuevas especies del grupo D. onychophora y una es un nuevo registro para el Ecuador. En este trabajo se describen cuatro de las seis especies nuevas.
The species of the subgenera Phloridosa and Drosophila (in this last one, regarding the Drosophila species groups: D. flavopilosa, D. onychophora and D. bromeliae) are species of Drosophila that developed only in flowers. The group D. onychophora was proposed to bring together exclusively antophilic species. The former group is composed by 18 species, and is associated to flowers of Asteraceae. Captures were made in the Parque Arqueológico Rumipamba, Pichincha, Ecuador, during February, May, July, September and December of 2009. The species were collected directly from flowers with an insect aspirator. A total of 427 individuals from Drosophila were captured. We identified 11 species, of which six are new species of the D. onychophora species group and one is a new record for Ecuador. In this paper we describe four of the six new species.