RESUMO

The reaction to obtain furan alcohols is one of the most important in the upgrading of furan derivates. An attractive route is the transfer hydrogenation of furfural using acidic-basic catalysts. In this work, mixed oxides derived from ternary hydrotalcites were employed to obtain furfuryl alcohol from furfural assisted by microwave irradiation. These materials were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and the CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (CO2 -TPD) analyses. The lamellar structure of hydrotalcite-type materials collapses during the calcination process, resulting in the loss of carbonate anions and hydroxyl groups, present in the interlayer space. This leads to the formation of mixed oxides that exhibit larger surface areas. Furthermore, these changes alter the basic nature of these materials, giving rise to the formation of strong basic sites. The reaction was studied using containing Co2+ and Ni2+ in their structure and was then optimized using distinct primary and secondary alcohols as hydrogen donor sources, as well as distinct temperatures and initial concentrations of furfural. The yields to furfuryl alcohol are strongly dependent on the type of Me2+ in layered oxides mainly due to higher basicity and to the donor employed in the reaction. The mixed oxide containing Co2+ showed complete conversion of furfural and higher yields to furfuryl alcohol (>95 %) at short times of reaction (<1 h).

RESUMO

Chronic ulcers are a major public health problem, due to their chronic nature, their poor response to treatment, the high frequency of recurrences, and their affection to the patient's quality of life. Even with the development of new therapies in the field of chronic wound care, chronic ulcers remain a clinical problem. As a novel branch of research, Catalytic Nanomedicine has offered promising results in disinfection and treatment of chronic wounds through the use of bionanocatalysts, organically functionalized mesoporous nanostructured materials with catalytic properties. Particularly, Cu/TiO2-SiO2 mixed oxide bionanocatalysts have shown favorable results for chronic ulcer healing. In this work, we present the treatment of 15 patients (8 females and 7 males, mean age of 69.59 ± 12.07 years old) affected with chronic ulcers (wound age ranging from 4 months to 10 years old, mean size of 12.94 ± 18.20 cm2) by the administration of Cu/TiO2-SiO2 bionanocatalysts embedded in a nanoemulsion matrix. In all cases, complete epithelialization and healing of the lesions was achieved (healing time from 3 to 35 weeks), without the appearance of side effects. Wound healing time was analyzed in the context of initial wound size, wound's age, patient's age, and concomitant conditions, being wound size and patient's age the main factor affecting the duration of the treatment with the bionanocatalysts.

RESUMO

Mixed oxide nanoparticles (MONs, TiO2-ZnO-MgO) obtained by the sol-gel method were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, (TEM, HRTEM, and SAED) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTGA-DTA). Furthermore, the effect of MONs on microbial growth (growth profiling curve, lethal and sublethal effect) of Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, as well as the toxicity against Artemia salina by the lethal concentration test (LC50) were evaluated. MONs exhibited a near-spherical in shape, polycrystalline structure and mean sizes from 17 to 23 nm. The thermal analysis revealed that the anatase phase of MONs is completed around 480-500 °C. The normal growth of all bacteria tested is affected by the MONs presence compared with the control group. MONs also exhibited a reduction on the plate count from 0.58 to 2.10 log CFU/mL with a sublethal cell injury from 17 to 98%. No significant toxicity within 24 h was observed on A. salina. A bacteriostatic effect of MONs on bacteria was evidenced, which was strongly influenced by the type of bacteria, as well as no toxic effects (LC50 >1000 mg/L; TiO2-ZnO (5%)-MgO (5%)) on A. salina were detected. This study demonstrates the potential of MONs for industrial applications.

RESUMO

Óxidos mixtos de manganeso y cobalto, con relaciones molares M²++Mg2+ /M3+=3 y M2+/ Mg2+=1, fueron preparados por el método de coprecipitación. Los sólidos fueron caracterizados mediante las técnicas de difracción de rayos X (XRD), temperatura programada de reducción (TPR-H2) y adsorción de N2 en área superficial; éstos fueron empleados para la oxidación catalítica de una mezcla de dos compuestos orgánicos representativos de COVs: el tolueno y el 2-propanol. El óxido mixto de manganeso logró el 100% de oxidación de la mezcla de COVs, mientras que el óxido mixto de cobalto no alcanzó una oxidación total. El catalizador Mn-Mg-Al presentó las menores temperaturas de oxidación de tolueno y 2-propanol en la mezcla, haciéndolo el catalizador más eficiente. El desempeño catalítico superior de dicho óxido se asocia principalmente con su mejor comportamiento redox, comparado con el del óxido de cobalto. Con el fin de evaluar el efecto de la composición del reactivo, se estudió la oxidación catalítica individual de tolueno y 2-propanol sobre el óxido mixto de manganeso. El catalizador fue activo en la oxidación de los dos COVs individuales, pero el tolueno fue el compuesto más difícil de oxidar. Dicho catalizador mostró 100% de conversión del tolueno hacia CO2, mientras que el 2-propanol produjo primero acetona, la cual posteriormente fue oxidada hasta CO2. Las temperaturas de oxidación de los componentes en la mezcla de COVs fueron superiores que en la conversión individual de tolueno y 2-propanol. Este resultado sugiere un posible efecto inhibitorio en la oxidación de 2-propanol cuando se tienen mezclas de los COVs.

Manganese and cobalt mixed oxides with M2++Mg2+/M3+=3 y M2+/Mg2+=1 ratios were obtained by the coprecipitation method. The solids were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), N2 adsorption and in the catalytic oxidation of two VOCs: toluene and 2-propanol. Manganese mixed oxide reached 100% conversion of the mixture of VOCs while cobalt mixed oxide did not achieve a complete oxidation. The catalyst Mn-Mg-Al showed the lowest temperature oxidation of toluene and 2-propanol in the mixture. The highest performance of the oxide catalyst Mn-Mg-Al is associated with the better redox potential in the manganese catalyst. Manganese mixed oxide was active in the oxidation of the single VOCs, where the scale of difficulty to oxidize the different organic compounds evaluated was: 2-propanol < toluene. The mixed oxide showed 100% conversion to CO2 in the oxidation of toluene, while the 2-propanol was first oxidized to acetone. It suggests that there is an inhibitory effect on the oxidation of 2-propanol in the mixture of VOCs.

Óxidos mistos de cobalto e manganês com relações M2++Mg2+/M3+=3 y M2+/ Mg2+=1 foram preparados pelo método de coprecipitação. Os sólidos foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de difração de raios-X (XRD), temperatura programada de redução (TPR-H2), área superficial adsorção do N2 e na oxidação catalítica de dois compostos orgânicos representativos (COVs): tolueno e 2-propanol. O catalisador Mn-Mg- Al apresentou as menores temperaturas de oxidação da mistura, fazendo-lo o catalisador mais eficiente. O desempenho catalítico superior do óxido Mn-Mg-Al está associado principalmente a seu melhor desempenho redox em comparação com o óxido de cobalto. Mn-Mg-Al catalisador foi ativo na oxidação dos dois individuais COVs, sendo o tolueno o composto mais difícil de oxidar seguido do 2-propanol. Óxidos mistos de manganês mostro 100% de conversão até CO2 para tolueno, enquanto que o 2-propanol produz em primeiro lugar acetona, que posteriormente é oxidada a CO2. Temperaturas de oxidação dos componentes da mistura de compostos orgânicos voláteis é maior do que a única conversão de tolueno e 2-propanol. Este resultado sugeriu um possível efeito inibitório sobre a oxidação de 2-propanol ao ter misturas de COV.