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INTRODUCTION: A giant left atrium may cause respiratory dysfunction and hemodynamic disturbance postoperatively. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate clinical effects of surgical left atrial reduction in concomitant cardiac valves operations. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-five patients with heart valve diseases and giant left atriums from January 2004 to July 2021 were enrolled into this research. They were divided into the folded group (n=63) and the unfolded group (n=72). Patients in the folded group had undergone cardiac valve operations concomitantly with left atrial reductions. The perioperative characteristics were compared between both groups, and subgroup analysis was performed. RESULTS: There were five deaths in the folded group and 25 deaths in the unfolded group (P<0.001). Complications including pneumonia, sepsis, multiple organs dysfunction syndrome, low cardiac output syndrome, and the use of continuous renal replacement therapy were significantly fewer in the folded group. The receiver operating characteristic curve of left atrial max. diameter predicting mortality was significant (area under the curve=0.878, P=0.005), and the cutoff point was 96.5 mm. The stratified analysis for sex showed that more female patients died in the unfolded group. Logistic regression for mortality showed that the left atrium unfolded, left atrial max. diameter, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and mechanical ventilation time increased the risk of death. CONCLUSION: Surgical left atrial reduction concomitantly with valves replacement could decrease mortality and was safe and effective in giant left atrium patients.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Humanos , Feminino , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Átrios do Coração/cirurgia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Cardiomegalia/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of diastolic dysfunction (DD) on survival after routine cardiac surgery. DESIGN: This was an observational study of consecutive cardiac surgeries from 2010 to 2021. SETTING: At a single institution. PARTICIPANTS: Patients undergoing isolated coronary, isolated valvular, and concomitant coronary and valvular surgery were included. Patients with a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) longer than 6 months prior to their index surgery were excluded from the analysis. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were categorized via preoperative TTE as having no DD, grade I DD, grade II DD, or grade III DD. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 8,682 patients undergoing a coronary and/or valvular surgery were identified, of whom 4,375 (50.4%) had no DD, 3,034 (34.9%) had grade I DD, 1,066 (12.3%) had grade II DD, and 207 (2.4%) had grade III DD. The median (IQR) time of the TTE prior to the index surgery was 6 (2-29) days. Operative mortality was 5.8% in the grade III DD group v 2.4% for grade II DD, 1.9% for grade I DD, and 2.1% for no DD (p = 0.001). Atrial fibrillation, prolonged mechanical ventilation (>24 hours), acute kidney injury, any packed red blood cell transfusion, reexploration for bleeding, and length of stay were higher in the grade III DD group compared to the rest of the cohort. The median follow-up was 4.0 (IQR: 1.7-6.5) years. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were lower in the grade III DD group than in the rest of the cohort. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that DD may be associated with poor short-term and long-term outcomes.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda , Humanos , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/complicações , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Ecocardiografia , Coração , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction: A giant left atrium may cause respiratory dysfunction and hemodynamic disturbance postoperatively. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate clinical effects of surgical left atrial reduction in concomitant cardiac valves operations. Methods: One hundred and thirty-five patients with heart valve diseases and giant left atriums from January 2004 to July 2021 were enrolled into this research. They were divided into the folded group (n=63) and the unfolded group (n=72). Patients in the folded group had undergone cardiac valve operations concomitantly with left atrial reductions. The perioperative characteristics were compared between both groups, and subgroup analysis was performed. Results: There were five deaths in the folded group and 25 deaths in the unfolded group (P<0.001). Complications including pneumonia, sepsis, multiple organs dysfunction syndrome, low cardiac output syndrome, and the use of continuous renal replacement therapy were significantly fewer in the folded group. The receiver operating characteristic curve of left atrial max. diameter predicting mortality was significant (area under the curve=0.878, P=0.005), and the cutoff point was 96.5 mm. The stratified analysis for sex showed that more female patients died in the unfolded group. Logistic regression for mortality showed that the left atrium unfolded, left atrial max. diameter, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and mechanical ventilation time increased the risk of death. Conclusion: Surgical left atrial reduction concomitantly with valves replacement could decrease mortality and was safe and effective in giant left atrium patients.
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Resumo Fundamento A intervenção percutânea em pacientes com disfunção de prótese biológica mitral apresenta-se como uma alternativa ao tratamento cirúrgico convencional. Objetivo Relatar a primeira experiência brasileira de implante transcateter de bioprótese valve-in-valve mitral via transeptal (TMVIV-via transeptal). Métodos Foram incluídos pacientes portadores de disfunção de bioprótese cirúrgica submetidos ao TMVIV-transeptal em 12 hospitais brasileiros. Foram considerados estatisticamente significativos valores de p<0,05. Resultados Entre junho/2016 e fevereiro/2019, 17 pacientes foram submetidos ao TMVIV-via transeptal. A mediana de idade foi 77 anos (IIQ,70-82), a mediana do escore STS-PROM foi 8,7% (IIQ,7,2-17,8). Todos os pacientes tinham sintomas limitantes de insuficiência cardíaca (CF≥III), tendo 5 (29,4%) sido submetidos a mais de uma toracotomia prévia. Obteve-se sucesso do TMVIV-via transeptal em todos os pacientes. A avaliação ecocardiográfica demonstrou redução significativa do gradiente médio (pré-intervenção, 12±3,8 mmHg; pós-intervenção, 5,3±2,6 mmHg; p<0,001), assim como aumento da área valvar mitral (pré-intervenção, 1,06±0,59 cm2; pós-intervenção, 2,18±0,36 cm2; p<0,001) sustentados em 30 dias. Houve redução significativa e imediata da pressão sistólica de artéria pulmonar, com redução adicional em 30 dias (pré-intervenção, 68,9±16,4 mmHg; pós-intervenção, 57,7±16,5 mmHg; 30 dias, 50,9±18,7 mmHg; p<0,001). Durante o seguimento, com mediana de 162 dias (IIQ, 102-411), observou-se marcada melhora clínica (CF≤II) em 87,5%. Um paciente (5,9%) apresentou obstrução de via de saída de ventrículo esquerdo (VSVE), evoluindo para óbito logo após o procedimento, e outro morreu aos 161 dias de seguimento.Conclusão: A primeira experiência brasileira de TMVIV-transeptal demonstra a segurança e a efetividade dessa nova técnica. A obstrução da VSVE é uma complicação potencialmente fatal, reforçando a importância da seleção dos pacientes e do planejamento do procedimento. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)
Abstract Background Percutaneous intervention in patients with bioprosthetic mitral valve dysfunction is an alternative to conventional surgical treatment. Objectives To report the first Brazilian experience with transseptal transcatheter bioprosthetic mitral valve-in-valve implantation (transseptal-TMVIV). Methods Patients with surgical bioprosthetic dysfunction submitted to transseptal-TMVIV in 12 Brazilian hospitals were included. The significance level adopted was p<0.05. Results From June/2016 to February/2019, 17 patients underwent transseptal-TMVIV. Their median age was 77 years (IQR,70-82) and median Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality (STS-PROM) score was 8.7% (IQR,7.2-17.8). All patients had limiting symptoms of heart failure (FC≥III) and 5 (29.4%) had undergone more than one previous thoracotomy. Transseptal-TMVIV was successful in all patients. Echocardiographic assessment showed a significant reduction in mean mitral valve gradient (pre-intervention, 12±3.8 mmHg; post-intervention, 5.3±2.6 mmHg; p<0.001), in addition to an increase in mitral valve area (pre-intervention, 1.06±0.59 cm2; post-intervention, 2.18±0.36 cm2; p<0.001) sustained for 30 days. There was a significant and immediate reduction in the pulmonary artery systolic pressure, with an additional reduction in 30 days (pre-intervention, 68.9±16.4 mmHg; post-intervention, 57.7±16.5 mmHg; 30 days, 50.9±18.7 mmHg; p<0.001). During follow-up (median, 162 days; IQR, 102-411), significant clinical improvement (FC≤II) was observed in 87.5% of the patients. One patient (5.9%) had left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and died right after the procedure, and another died at 161 days of follow-up. Conclusion The first Brazilian experience with transseptal-TMVIV shows the safety and effectivity of the new technique. The LVOT obstruction is a potentially fatal complication, reinforcing the importance of patients' selection and of procedural planning. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)
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Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Desenho de Prótese , Brasil , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Resultado do Tratamento , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
The seismic impact of transcatheter interventions is rocking the spectrum of structural heart disease (SHD) treatment, with the compelling and attractive appeal of minimally invasive procedures and fast-track discharge. The trend is relentless and continual innovation comes to our doors nearly on a daily basis. Litwinowicz and colleagues describe their trailblazing experience in 223 consecutive patients in whom they performed left atrial appendage occlusion via the percutaneous route. All interventions were performed by surgeons, who had undergone pretraining in a simulation model. Soon thereafter, they were able to achieve outcomes that were comparable with those obtained by experienced interventional cardiologists. The unique surgeons' training and skills in open-heart surgery make their contribution to perfection and safety of SHD treatment, which are potentially exceptional and distinctive. Extrapolating for the entire field of SHD, which is blossoming ahead, the message to be conveyed is that cardiac surgeons must be trained and embrace every aspect of SHD.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Cardiopatias , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Cirurgiões , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Cardiopatias/cirurgia , Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente InvasivosRESUMO
Abstract A 68-year-old man previously subjected to radiotherapy had a prior aortic valve replacement due de radiation induced calcification of the aortic valve. Presently the patient developed severe calcification of the mitral valve ring leading to critical mitral valve stenosis. A supra annular implantation of an On X Conform valve was successfully achieved. The clinical course was uneventful, and the echocardiographic evaluation demonstrated a normal function of the valve. Different alternatives for the surgical management of this complication are discussed.
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Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Calcinose/complicações , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Estenose da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Mitral/complicações , Calcinose/cirurgia , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia , Fluoroscopia , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral , Estenose da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Left ventricular rupture is the most feared complication in mitral valve surgery. Despite its low incidence, mortality rates can reach up to 75%. It usually presents on the operating room with a dissecting haematoma followed by massive bleeding after discontinuing cardiopulmomary bypass. However, cardiac rupture may be contained by adherent pericardium or scar tissue leading to chronic formation of a pseudoaneurysm (PSA). CASE SUMMARY: A 44-year-old man came to our institution with acute heart failure triggered by community-acquired pneumonia. He underwent mitral valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis 7 years before and reported suffering from chronic worsening dyspnoea for 18 months. He underwent chest computed tomography scan and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), which showed two extensive left ventricular (LV) multilobulated PSAs. An operative approach was chosen and a tear was found on the posterior atrioventricular groove (AVG), communicating left ventricle with the PSA, which was closed with bovine pericardium patch. After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, he presented a diffuse life-threatening bleeding. The surgeons packed his chest with compresses before closing the sternum and he was operatively revised after 48 h. Post-operative CMRI showed that one of the PSAs remained connected with the LV. Despite of all, 1 year after hospital discharge, he remains asymptomatic without signs of heart failure. DISCUSSION: This case illustrates PSAs' potential to grow for a long period before causing symptoms, the complexity and risks of chronic AVG disruption surgery and the importance of careful annular manipulation and debridement as preventive measures in mitral valve surgery.
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the pathophysiology of mitral annular calcification (MAC) with recent findings and current strategies for diagnosis and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Major factors in MAC development seem to be shear stress of the flow past the mitral valve, local inflammation, and dysregulation in regulators of mineral metabolism. MAC itself poses daunting technical challenges. Implanting a valve on top of the calcium bar might lead to paravalvular leak (PVL) that is less likely to heal. Annular decalcification allows for better valve seating and potentially better healing and less PVL. This, however, comes with the risk for catastrophic atrioventricular groove disruption. MAC can be sharply dissected with the scalpel; the annulus can be reconstructed with the autologous pericardium. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement is a promising approach in the treatment of patients who are deemed high-risk surgical candidates with severe MAC. MAC is a multifactorial disease that has some commonalities with atherosclerosis, mainly regarding lipid accumulation and calcium deposition. It is of great clinical importance, being a risk marker of cardiovascular events (including sudden death) and, with its progression, can have a negative impact on patients' lives.
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Aterosclerose/fisiopatologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Calcificação Vascular/diagnóstico , Calcificação Vascular/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Cálcio/sangue , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Calcificação Vascular/cirurgiaRESUMO
RESUMEN El síndrome de Takotsubo, descrito por vez primera en Japón a fines de 1989 y principios de 1990, caracteriza un conjunto de pacientes con discinesia apical transitoria y conservación de la contractilidad hacia la base del ventrículo izquierdo, que recuerda la forma de la vasija usada por los pescadores para atrapar pulpos. Habitualmente se observa en situaciones que impliquen elevación de catecolaminas y su cuadro clínico es similar al de un infarto agudo de miocardio. El caso que se presenta ocurrió, sorprendentemente, en el postoperatorio de una cirugía cardiovascular y probablemente sea el primero encontrado en Cuba en esta circunstancia: isquemia perioperatoria tras reemplazo valvular mitral, que se recuperó en aproximadamente 72 horas, aunque su recuperación total fue más tardía. Se muestran las imágenes angiográficas.
ABSTRACT Takotsubo syndrome was first described in Japan in late 1989 and early 1990 and featured a group of patients with transient apical dyskinesia and preservation of basal left-ventricular contractility, which resembled the vessel used by fishermen to catch octopus. It is usually seen in situations involving catecholamine release and its clinical picture mimics that of acute myocardial infarction. The case presented occurs, surprisingly, in the postoperative period of cardiovascular surgery and is probably the first one found in this circumstance in Cuba: perioperative ischemia after mitral valve replacement, which recovered within nearly 72 hours, although complete recovery occurred later. Angiographic images are shown.
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Cardiomiopatias , Período Pós-Operatório , Cirurgia TorácicaRESUMO
Abstract According to the most recent guidelines, the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in valvular surgeries is well established, as well as its use in the diagnosis, management, and rescue of perioperative complications. The aim of this case report is to illustrate a condition in which its intraoperative use had a positive influence on the outcome.
Resumo O uso da ecocardiografia transesofágica no intraoperatório em cirurgias valvulares é bem estabelecido de acordo com os guidelines mais recentes, assim como o seu uso no diagnóstico, manuseio e resgate de complicações perioperatórias. O objetivo deste relato de caso é ilustrar uma situação em que o seu uso no intraoperatório influenciou de maneira positiva o seu desfecho.
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Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana/métodos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Dissecção Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Cuidados Intraoperatórios/métodos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Dissecção Aórtica/etiologia , Valva Mitral/cirurgiaRESUMO
According to the most recent guidelines, the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in valvular surgeries is well established, as well as its use in the diagnosis, management, and rescue of perioperative complications. The aim of this case report is to illustrate a condition in which its intraoperative use had a positive influence on the outcome.
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Dissecção Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana/métodos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Idoso , Dissecção Aórtica/etiologia , Humanos , Cuidados Intraoperatórios/métodos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Valva Mitral/cirurgiaRESUMO
Abstract: Introduction: The transcatheter mitral valve replacement has recently emerged as a new therapeutic tool in the field of structural interventionism, the experience is in an early stage of development and previously was nonexistent in our country. Case report: Woman of 85 years old, with mitral and aortic valve replacement with biological prosthesis 9 years ago, progresive deterioration of functional class, mitral dysfunction by pannus, with very high surgical risk, transcatheter transapical mitral "valve-in-valve" implantation is performed, being successful, with total remission of symptoms. Conclusions: This procedure can be performed with minimal morbidity and low mortality, clinical and hemodynamic results are favorable in the short and medium term, this is the first case reported in Mexico.
Resumen: Introducción: La sustitución de la válvula mitral percutánea ha surgido recientemente como una nueva herramienta terapéutica en el campo del intervencionismo estructural, la experiencia está en una etapa temprana de desarrollo y anteriormente era inexistente en nuestro país. Caso clínico: Mujer de 85 años de edad, con reemplazo valvular aórtico y mitral, con prótesis biológica hace nueve años, con deterioro progresivo de clase funcional. La mitral con disfunción de pannus, con muy alto riesgo quirúrgico. Se lleva a cabo la implantación mitral transapical transcatéter (valve-in-valve), exitosamente, con remisión total de síntomas. Conclusiones: Este procedimiento se puede realizar con una mínima morbilidad y baja mortalidad, los resultados clínicos y hemodinámicos son favorables en el corto y mediano plazos, este es el primer caso reportado en México.
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OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the outcomes of the early experience of transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) with balloon-expandable valves in patients with severe mitral annular calcification (MAC) and reports the first large series from a multicenter global registry. BACKGROUND: The risk of surgical mitral valve replacement in patients with severe MAC is high. There are isolated reports of successful TMVR with balloon-expandable valves in this patient population. METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective review of clinical outcomes of patients with severe MAC undergoing TMVR. RESULTS: From September 2012 to July of 2015, 64 patients in 32 centers underwent TMVR with compassionate use of balloon-expandable valves. Mean age was 73 ± 13 years, 66% were female, and mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score was 14.4 ± 9.5%. The mean mitral gradient was 11.45 ± 4.4 mm Hg and the mean mitral area was 1.18 ± 0.5 cm(2). SAPIEN valves (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) were used in 7.8%, SAPIEN XT in 59.4%, SAPIEN 3 in 28.1%, and Inovare (Braile Biomedica, Brazil) in 4.7%. Access was transatrial in 15.6%, transapical in 43.8%, and transseptal in 40.6%. Technical success according to Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium criteria was achieved in 46 (72%) patients, primarily limited by the need for a second valve in 11 (17.2%). Six (9.3%) had left ventricular tract obstruction with hemodynamic compromise. Mean mitral gradient post-procedure was 4 ± 2.2 mm Hg, paravalvular regurgitation was mild or absent in all. Thirty-day all-cause mortality was 29.7% (cardiovascular = 12.5% and noncardiac = 17.2%); 84% of the survivors with follow-up data available were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II at 30 days (n = 25). CONCLUSIONS: TMVR with balloon-expandable valves in patients with severe MAC is feasible but may be associated with significant adverse events. This strategy might be an alternative for selected high-risk patients with limited treatment options.
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Calcinose/cirurgia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valvuloplastia com Balão , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcinose/mortalidade , Calcinose/fisiopatologia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentação , Cateterismo Cardíaco/mortalidade , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/mortalidade , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/instrumentação , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , América do Norte , Seleção de Pacientes , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Desenho de Prótese , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , América do Sul , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess the incidence of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after mitral valve replacement (MVR) in patients receiving Biocor® porcine or mechanical valves, and to evaluate the effect of PPM on long-term survival. METHODS: All patients undergoing MVR between 2009 and 2013 received either mechanical or bioprosthetic valves (Biocor® porcine). PPM was defined as severe when the indexed effective ori-fice area was < 0.9 cm2/m2, moderate between 0.9 cm2/m2 and 1.2 cm2/m2 or absent > 1.2 cm2/m2. The primary endpoint was all-cause long-term mortality. RESULTS: Among a total of 136 MVR, PPM was severe in 27%, moderate in 44% and absent in 29% of patients. Implanted valves were 57% mechanical and 43% bioprosthetic. Only 3% of patients with mechanical valves had severe PPM vs. 59% with bioprostheses (p < 0.0001). Sixty-month survival with severe mismatch was 0.559 (SE 0.149) and with no mismatch 0.895 (SE 0.058) (p = 0.043). Survival of patients suffering from severe mismatch, or moderate mismatch with pulmonary hypertension (PH) was 0.749 (SE 0.101); while for patients with no mismatch or with moderate mismatch without PH, survival was 0.951 (SE 0.028) (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: About one-fourth of patients had severe PPM and almost all of them had received a bioprosthesis. Sixty-month survival was significantly lower in patients with severe mismatch, or moderate mismatch with PH. Specifically, when a bioprothesis is chosen and while further evidence on the impact of PPM on clinical outcomes appears, surgeons are recommended to follow a preoperative strategy to implant a mitral prosthesis of adequate size in order to prevent PPM.
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Bioprótese/efeitos adversos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Idoso , Argentina/epidemiologia , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Incidência , Masculino , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/mortalidade , Desenho de Prótese , Falha de Prótese , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
La displasia congénita de la válvula mitral, excepcional anormalidad genética en la composición del colágeno, que condiciona reflujo de sangre del ventrículo izquierdo a la aurícula izquierda en sístole, con elevada morbimortalidad sin un abordaje quirúrgico temprano. Presentamos el caso de un paciente del área rural de 4 años, con soplo cardíaco descubierto a los 4 meses y no investigado. Al año, disnea al llanto y succión, diaforesis y dificultad para ganar peso, por displasia de la válvula mitral con regurgitación, hipertensión pulmonar (70mmHg) con indicación quirúrgica. Ingresa bajo tratamiento máximo para insuficiencia cardiaca, caquéctica, con disnea de reposo, ortopnea, cianosis peribucal, tórax abombado hiperdinámico, choque de punta prominente en 7mo espacio intercostal izquierdo y línea axilar anterior. Soplo sistólico mitral 4/6 con irradiación a axila, soplo sistólico pulmonar 2/6. Hepatomegalia importante. Frialdad distal. Rx tórax: Cardiomegalia 4/IV, ICT 0.72. Redistribución vascular pulmonar. EKG: crecimiento biauricular y biventricular importante con FC 140x'. Ecocardiograma: crecimiento importante de las cuatro cavidades. Ductus arterioso persistente. Válvula mitral: velos engrosados, calcificados, cuerda anterior redundante y posterior corta, velo anterior prolapsado y posterior retraído, regurgitación 4+/4+. Válvula tricúspide con regurgitación importante. Presión sistólica pulmonar 90mmHg. Preoperatorio: Ventilación mecánica, soporte inotrópico, furosemida en infusión. Corrección quirúrgica: Reemplazo de válvula mitral por prótesis mecánica, plastía tricuspídea, cierre de ductus, apertura de CIA de descarga. Evolución: satisfactoria nutricional y clínicamente. La corrección quirúrgica, aunque tardía de la displasia valvular mitral en esta niña, fue la única alternativa capaz de prevenir la muerte. Con el diagnóstico temprano y la corrección quirúrgica oportuna, se podría evitar la morbimortalidad asociada en estos casos.
Congenital dysplasia of the mitral valve, outstanding genetic abnormality in the composition of collagen, which affects blood flow of the left ventricle to the left atrium in systole, with high mortality without early surgical approach. We report the case of a rural area of 4 years with heart murmur discovered at 4 months and not investigated. A year, crying and sucking dyspnea, diaphoresis, and difficulty gaining weight, mitral valve dysplasia with regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension ( 70 mm Hg ) with surgical indication. Sign up under treatment for heart failure, cachectic, with dyspnea at rest, orthopnea, cyanosis, chest bulging hyperdynamic shock prominent peak in the 7th intercostal space and left anterior axillary line. Mitral systolic murmur 4/6 with radiation to axilla, pulmonary systolic murmur 2/6. Important hepatomegaly. Distal coldness. Chest X-ray : Cardiomegaly 4/IV, ICT 0.72. Pulmonary vascular redistribution. EKG: biatrial and biventricular significant growth with FC 140x'. Echocardiogram significant growth in the four chambers. Patent ductus arteriosus . Mitral valve leaflets thickened, calcified, anterior and posterior cord redundant short, anterior leaflet prolapse and later re-tracted, regurgitation 4+/4+. Tricuspid valve regurgitation with important. 90mmHg systolic pulmonary pressure. Preoperative: me-chanical ventilation , inotropic support, furosemide infusion. Surgical correction: mitral valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis , tricuspid plasty, ductus closure, CIA discharge opening. Evolution : nutritional and clinically satisfactory.Surgical correction, albeit late mitral valve dysplasia in this girl was the only alternative capable of preventing death. With early diagnosis and prompt surgical correction, one could avoid the associated morbidity and mortality in these cases.
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Valva MitralRESUMO
La insuficiencia mitral es una afección común que incide generalmente en 2 porceinto de la población, el prolapso valvular es el hallazgo más frecuente por la elongación o ruptura de las cuerdas tendinosas lo que ocasiona disímiles grados de regurgitación durante la contracción ventricular. A pesar de ello, la evaluación clínica de los pacientes asintomáticos con insuficiencia mitral severa, permanece en controversia y es motivo de debate entre los principales expertos. Se presentó un caso de insuficiencia mitral severa asintomática por rotura de cuerda tendinosa, al cual se le realizó sustitución valvular mitral debido al grado de deterioro del aparato valvular y sub-valvular, se logró buen resultado en el seguimiento
Mitral failure is a common disease that generally affects 2 percent of the population. The valvular prolapse is the most frequent finding due to elongation or rupture of tendinous cords that brings about different levels of regurgitation during the ventricular contraction. Despite the above-mentioned, the clinical evaluation of asymptomatic severe mitral failure patients remains controversial and is very much debated among outstanding experts. A case of asymptomatic severe mitral failure caused by rupture of the tendinous cord was presented. The mitral valve was replaced because the valvular and subvalvular systems were much deteriorated. The follow-up of the patient showed good results
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico , Anuloplastia da Valva MitralRESUMO
Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 55 años de edad, con antecedentes de epilepsia, que ingresa para cirugía electiva de reemplazo valvular. Se realizó reemplazo de la válvula mitral con una prótesis biológica, el cual se complicó con una laceración del ventrículo izquierdo, motivo por el que la paciente falleció en el período post-operatorio. Se presentan los hallazgos de la autopsia.
A 55 years old female patient with a history of epilepsy, was admitted for elective cardiac surgery. Mitral valve replacementwas performed with bioprosthesis, The surgery was complicated by a left ventricular laceration that ultimately resulted inthe death of the patient during the postoperative period. The autopsy findings are presented.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Costa Rica , Epilepsia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Objetivo - Avaliar o resultado pós-operatório de pacientes com prótese valvular de pericárdio bovino em posição mitral. Métodos - De 1977 a 1988, 10.812 próteses de pericárdio bovino foram produzidas pela IMC Biomédica e implantadas em diversos serviços. Destas, 1.193foram implantadas por nosso grupo no IMC. Dos 663 pacientes. com troca mitral, 586 eram adultos e 77 eram jovens (abaixo de 21 anos). A febre reumática, com índice de 76,5%, foi a causa primária mais freqüente da doença valvar. Das lesões que levaram à troca mitral, a estenose (23%) e a insuficiência (20,7%) apresentaram-se as mais freqüentes. Consideraram-se, nesse estudo, 602 pacientes que deixaram o hospital, nos quais foram empregadas 666 biopróteses ao longo de 11 anos. As cirurgias foram realizadas com circulação extracorpórea convencional com o uso de cardioplegia cristalóide nos primeiros sete anos e cardioplegia sangüínea hipotérmica ou normotérmica, enriquecida com aminoácidos nos últimos anos. Resultados - A mortalidade hospitalar de 9,2%, isto é, 13,2% para os primeiros 5,5 anos (grupo I) e 6,3% para os 5,5 anos seguintes (grupo II). O seguimento de 98,8% em 11 anos, com média de 3,8 anos. O estudo atuarial revelou um índice de 74,3 ± 6,5% para os jovens e 73,0 ± 3,7% para os adultos, com 95,0 ± 1,0% de pacientes livres de complicações fatais relacionadas à válvula, correspondendo a um evento por 100 paciente-ano (endocardite 0, 6%; calcificação 0,1%; tromboembolismo 0,3%). O índice atuarial de complicações tardias não fatais relacionadas à válvula de 55,2 ± 8,6% de pacientes livres de qualquer complicação, correspondendo a 2,9 eventos por 100 paciente-ano (endocardite 0,5%; calcificação 1,8 tromboembolismo 0,3%; vazamento paravalvular 0,2% e ruptura 0,08%). Nesse período, 95,8 ± 1,6% do pacientes ficaram livres do tromboembolismo; 99,1± 0,6% livres de ruptura; 90,1 ± 4,08% livres de endocardite no grupo de jovens (1,5°/a/pacienteano) e 95,2 ± 1,03% entre os adultos (1,0%/paciente-ano). Para a calcificação, 43,1 + 12,3% dos jovens ficaram livres dessa complicação em 11 anos (7,5%/paciente-ano) e entre adultos esse índice foi de 68,8 ± 9,3% (1,1%/paciente-ano). Conclusão - A bioprótese PB IMC teve um bom desempenho no período de 11 anos, com índices baixos de complicações fatais, rupturas, tromboembolismo sem uso deanticoagulantes. A calcificação foi a maior complicação, principalmente em jovens.
Purpose - To evaluate the postoperative results of patients with valvular bovine pericardial prosthesis in mitral position. Methods - From 1977 to 1988, 10.812 bovine pericardial valves were produced by IMC Biomédica and implanted. Our group at IMC implanted 1,193. Of the 663 patients with mitral change, 586 were adults and 77 were youngsters (under 21). The rheumatic fever was the most frequent primary cause of valvar disease (76.5%). The stenosis (23.0%) and the insufficiency (20.7%) were the most common of the damages that led to mitral exchange. We studied 602 patients that left the Hospital, representing 666 bioprostheses in 11 years. The surgeries were performed with standard cardiopulmonar bypass with cristalloid cardioplegia in the first seven years and hipothermic or normothermic blood cardioplegia enriched with aminoacids in the last four years. Results - Hospital mortality was 9.2%; 13.2% for the first 5.5 years (group I) and 6.3%for the last 5.5 years (group II). Eleven-year follow-up was 98.8% and the mean time was 3.8 years. The actuarial study showed a survival rate of 74.3 ± 6.5%for the youngsters and 73.0 ± 3.7%for the adults, with 95.0 ± 1.0% of the patients free from valve-related fatal complications corresponding to one event % patient-years (endocarditis 0. 6%; calcification 0.1%; thromboembolism 0.3%). The actuarial rate of non fatal valve-related late complications was 55.2 + 8.6% of patientsfrce from all complications, corresponding an incidence of 2.9% / patient-year (endocarditis 0.5%; calcification 1.8%; thromboembolism 0.3%; periprosthetic leakage 0.2% and rupture 0.08%). In this period 95.8 ± 1. 6% of the patients were free from thromboembolism; 99.1 ± 0.6%free from rupture; 90.1 ± 4.08% free from endocarditis in the young group (1.5%/patient-year) and 95.2 ± 1.03% for adults (1.0%/patient-year). For calcification, the actuarial rate was 43.1 ± 12.3% for youngsters (7.5/ patient-year) and 68.8 ± 9.3% for adults (1.1°/a/ Conclusion - IMC pericardial bioprosthesis performed well in a period of 11 years with low rates of fatal complications; ruptures and thromboembolism without the use of anticoagulants. Calcification was the major complication mainly in youngsters