RESUMO
Background: Laser acupuncture regulates energy flow and restores body fluid metabolism. Objective: To evaluate the effects of the laser acupuncture protocol (LAP) on hepatic and renal metabolism in sedentary people. Methods: Longitudinal, double-blind, and randomized clinical trial with 29 participants, adults, both sexes, sedentary, without pre-existing metabolic diseases, subdivided into control and laser groups. Based on the STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture 2010 guidelines, 10 laser applications (660 nm ±10 nm wavelength, 100 mW power. The irradiation tip has a diameter of 5 mm, which corresponds to an area of 0.19 cm2, totaling a power density of 0.52 W/cm2 and considering the irradiation time of 90 s, the energy density applied was 47.3 J/cm2) were performed on the acupoints of metabolic functions (LR3, SP6, ST36, and LI4) and blood samples were collected for fasting glycemia, lipid profile (HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides), liver function (AST/GOT and ALT/GPT), and renal function (serum creatinine and urea). A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni corrected post hoc comparisons was applied to compare statistical differences between groups and times, adopting p < 0.05 as the null hypothesis. Results: The laser stimulated changes in serum lipid profile values and renal and hepatic functions. There was a significant (p = 0.014) reduction in LDL ("bad" cholesterol) from 105.75 ± 32.83 pre- to 84.32 ± 18.38 mg/dL postintervention, associated with cardioprotective function. Positive significant (p = 0.035) impacts were also observed in the reduction of creatinine (0.86 ± 0.12 mg/dL to 0.75 ± 0.12 mg/dL) and the enzyme AST/GOT (33.73 ± 12.95 U/L to 20.80 ± 4.99 U/L, p = 0.002). Conclusion: LAP applied to basal metabolism acupoints promoted positive metabolic changes in the lipid profile (LDL), and in main markers of the liver (AST/GOT) and kidney (creatinine) functions, contributing to risk control of cardiovascular diseases.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been identified as a risk factor for obesity and various diseases, primarily in adults. Nonetheless, research in children is limited, especially regarding longitudinal studies with metabolic outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the longitudinal association between consumption of UPF, adiposity, and metabolic indicators in Chilean preschool children. METHODS: We conducted a prospective analysis of 962 children enrolled in the Food and Environment Chilean Cohort (FECHIC). Dietary data were collected in 2016 at age 4 years with 24-h recalls. All reported foods and beverages were classified according to the NOVA food classification, and the usual consumption of UPF in calories and grams was estimated using the Multiple Source Method. Adiposity (z-score of body mass index [BMI z-score], waist circumference [WC], and fat mass [in kg and percentage]) and metabolic indicators (fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and cholesterol fractions) were measured in 2018, at the age of 6 years. Linear regression models ((0) crude, (1) adjusted for covariables, and (2) adjusted for covariables plus total caloric intake) were used to evaluate the association between UPF and outcomes. All models included inverse probability weights to account for the loss to the follow-up. RESULTS: At 4 years, usual consumption of UPF represented 48% of the total calories and 39% of the total food and beverages grams. In models adjusted for covariables plus caloric intake, we found a positive association between UPF and BMI z-score (for 100 kcal and 100 g, respectively: b = 0.24 [95%CI 0.16-0.33]; b = 0.21 [95%CI 0.10-0.31]), WC in cm (b = 0.89 [95%CI 0.41-1.37]; b = 0.86 [95%CI 0.32-1.40]), log-fat mass in kg b = 0.06 [95%CI 0.03-0.09]; b = 0.04 [95%CI 0.01-0.07]), and log-percentage fat mass (b = 0.03 [95%CI 0.01-0.04]; b = 0.02 [95%CI 0.003-0.04]), but no association with metabolic indicators. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of Chilean preschoolers, we observed that higher consumption of UPF was associated with adiposity indicators 2 years later, but not with metabolic outcomes. Longer follow-up might help clarify the natural history of UPF consumption and metabolic risks in children.
Assuntos
Adiposidade , Fast Foods , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Prospectivos , Adiposidade/fisiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Fast Foods/efeitos adversos , Criança , Índice de Massa Corporal , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Dieta , Alimento ProcessadoRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early time-restricted eating (eTRE) on metabolic markers and body composition in individuals with overweight or obesity. Seventeen subjects completed a randomized, crossover, and controlled clinical trial. Twelve women and five men participated, with a mean age of 25.8 ± 10.0 years and a BMI of 32.0 ± 6.3 kg/m2. The eTRE intervention included 16 h of fasting (3:00 pm to 7:00 am) and 8 h of ad libitum eating (7:00 am to 03:00 pm) (16:8). The trial included four weeks of interventions followed by a four-week washout period. Body weight, waist and hip circumferences, and body composition measurements were taken. Additionally, a venous blood sample was collected for biochemical determinations. In a before-after analysis, eTRE induced a reduction in BW and BMI in women but this was not significant when compared to the control group. eTRE did not modify any other anthropometric measurements, fasting biochemical parameters, glycemic and insulinemic responses, blood pressure, or subjective appetite. In conclusion, eTRE did not induce beneficial effects on the glycemic and lipid metabolisms, body composition, subjective appetite, or blood pressure. These findings may be attributed to the special characteristics of the population and the short intervention period.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Composição Corporal , Estudos Cross-Over , Jejum , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Obesidade/sangue , Sobrepeso/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Índice de Massa Corporal , Glicemia/metabolismo , Adolescente , Pressão Sanguínea , Apetite , Fatores de Tempo , Insulina/sangueRESUMO
Background: Differences in gut microbiota composition have been associated with obesity and metabolic alterations in children. The aim of this study was to analyze the abundance of the main bacterial families of the gut among children according to their body composition and metabolic markers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 93 school-aged children (8.4 ± 1.6 years old). Anthropometric and body composition variables were measured and a blood sample was collected to determine glucose, insulin, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, leptin, and cytokines [interleukin 6, interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)]. DNA was extracted from stool samples and the abundance of bacterial families (Bacteroidaceae-Porphyromonadaceae-Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae-Ruminococcaceae) was determined by qPCR assays. Results: Children with obesity and high waist/height ratio had lower Bacteroidaceae-Porphyromonadaceae-Prevotellaceae and higher abundance of Lactobacillaceae when compared with normal-weight children. TNFα was negatively associated and IL-10 was positively associated with Bacteroidaceae-Porphyromonadaceae-Prevotellaceae. Triglycerides showed a positive relationship with Lachnospiraceae-Ruminococcaceae whereas high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was negatively associated with Lactobacillaceae. Conclusion: In rural Mexican school-aged children, a low abundance of Bacteroidaceae-Porphyromonadaceae-Prevotellaceae and a high abundance of Lactobacillaceae are associated with obesity and metabolic disturbances.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Obesidade Abdominal/sangue , Obesidade Infantil/microbiologia , Apolipoproteínas/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Citocinas/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , México , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Intake of a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (HCD/LPD) during pregnancy promotes metabolic disturbances. It has been suggested that liver function during pregnancy contributes to the synthesis of proteins necessary for fetal development during this stage. The liver is a site of response to the synthesis of macronutrients such as proteins. However, it is unknown how HCD/LPD is associated with modifications to the amino acid profiles and hepatic alterations in the maternal environment during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A transverse longitudinal study was done in primiparous mothers during gestation (G) (G1 day 1, G5 day 5, G15 day 15, and G20 day 20). Histological analysis was used to assess hepatic alterations, and amino acid profiles in the liver were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Food and water intake was quantified, and peripheral biochemical indicators in serum were measured. RESULTS: Mothers with HCD/LPD had increased micro and macro vesicles of fat, necrosis, and inflammation in the liver on G5. The total concentration of hepatic amino acids increased by 40% on G1, 17% on G5, and 25% on G15; and, there was a 12% decrease on G20. The following increases were observed in the liver on G1: arginine 68%, histidine 75%, alanine 18%, methionine 71%, and phenylalanine 51% (p>0.05); on G5: arginine 12%, methionine 34%, and phenylalanine 83% (p>0.05); on G15: arginine and phenylalanine 66%, tryptophan 81% and histidine 60.4% (p>0.05); and on G20: arginine 32% (p>0.05). No weight loss, changes in food consumption, or hepatomegaly occurred. CONCLUSIONS: HCD/LPD during pregnancy in primiparous mothers may promote development of fat vesicles. Possibly, this condition causes metabolic adaptations and nitrogen management reflected in decreased levels of serum urea and altered amino acid profiles in the liver.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Dieta com Restrição de Proteínas , Carboidratos da Dieta/metabolismo , Proteínas Alimentares/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Adaptação Fisiológica , Aminoácidos/administração & dosagem , Aminoácidos/toxicidade , Ração Animal , Animais , Dieta com Restrição de Proteínas/efeitos adversos , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Carboidratos da Dieta/toxicidade , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Alimentares/toxicidade , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Fígado/patologia , Estado Nutricional , Valor Nutritivo , Gravidez , Ratos Wistar , Ureia/sangueRESUMO
Introducción: La enfermedad cardiovascular constituye una de las primeras causas de mortalidad a nivel mundial y son un problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población rural adulta, que asisten en la USF del distrito de Capitán Miranda Itapúa 2017. Materiales y Métodos: tipo descriptivo de corte transversal, la muestra estuvo constituida por 100 sujetos de la zona rural que asisten en la USF del distrito de capitán Miranda, pacientes de la USF de dicho distrito, durante los meses de abril y mayo del 2017, a quienes se aplicó una recolección de datos, evaluación antropométrica y de presión arterial, el instrumento de porcentaje de RCV en los próximos 10 años de la ACC/AHA en 52 pacientes que contaban con la edad para el estimador. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue de 40±20 años y 66% de los participantes fueron mujeres. EL 37% de los pacientes tuvo Sobrepeso con promedio de 26,9 (±4,2). El 39% de los pacientes tuvo alto RCV según circunferencia de cintura. El 60% no recibe tratamiento hipertensión. El 60% presenta un colesterol total de riesgo cardiovascular deseable. El 64% un HDL normal. El 90% no presenta diabetes. El 88% no fuma. Mientras que el 88% no realiza actividad física. De los 100 sujetos a 52% se le realizo el estimador de riesgo cardiovascular a 10 años de las cuales 76,9% presento riesgo bajo. De acuerdo a los resultados se planteo las medidas de prevención pertinente. En conclusión: En la presente investigación se pudo identificar una alta incidencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular modificables tales como hipertensión, diabetes y actividad física en la población en estudio y una menor incidencia de tabaquismo, colesterol total y HDL
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease it is one of the first causes of mortality worldwide and represent a public health problems. Abstract : The objective of this Study was to determine the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in the resident population that lives in the countryside of the District of Capitan Miranda, Itapúa, Paraguay 2017. Materials and Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional Study, in which participated a hundred patients from the countryside of Capitan Miranda, patients attending at the Doctor office during the months of April and May of2017. Biochemical indicator were quantified in serum samples from 100 subjects and estimated anthropometric indicators to determine the frequency of alterations in cardio metabolic biomarkers. The risk estimator is a tool that was applet to 52 subjects to estimate 10-year risks for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) ACC /AHA Results: The middle age was 40±20 years old and 66 % of the subjects were women. 37 % with respect to the average are overweight, with average 26,9±4,2. 39% present a high CVR in accordance with waist circumference, 60% are not taking medications for hypertension, 60% C-LDL are in optimal levels and 64 % with HDL is suitable, 90 % are not diabetic. Only the 12 % are smokers and 88 % do not engage in physical activity. From the 100 patients to a 52 was performed the 10 year ASCVD risk estimator, the 76,9 % show a low cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: In this research study we find a low incidence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors such as Cholesterol LDL, C- HDL, smoker in the other side, hypertension was the highest cardiovascular risk factor 40% found followed by diabetic 10 % of all subjects.
Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Doenças Cardiovasculares/classificação , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Proteção , Prevalência , Coleta de Dados , Estatística como Assunto , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Técnicas de Pesquisa , Doenças não Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Hipertensão/complicaçõesRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical parameters of primiparous and multiparous cows of high and medium milk yield reared in a freestall system. One hundred seventy-four Holstein cows were used, divided into four groups: high yield primiparous (PA, n = 37; 42.92 ± 0.78 kg milk / day); medium yield primiparous (PM, n = 50; 26.44 ± 0.91 kg milk / day); high yield multiparous (MA, n = 37; 44.28 ± 0.87 kg milk / day) and medium yield multiparous (MM, n = 50; 24.87 ± 0.91 kg milk / day) with 216 ± 12 days in lactation. Blood analysis included: total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TAG), betahydroxybutyrate (BHB), total protein (PT), albumin, urea, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The PM group had higher albumin concentrations (P = 0.001), cholesterol (P = 0.001), HDL (P = 0.002) and TAG (P = 0.010) compared to the MM group. PA group had higher HDL concentrations (P = 0.001) than MA. PA had higher HDL (P = 0.023) and AST concentrations (P = 0.05) compared to PM. MA had higher albumin (P = 0.009), cholesterol (P = 0.041), HDL (P = 0.053) and TAG (P = 0.052) concentrations compared to MM. The results found in the analyzed metabolites are important in establishing reference values for a regional population, and also allow the use of these biochemical parameters in the prevention and monitoring of metabolic disorders.(AU)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros bioquímico-clínicos de vacas primíparas e multíparas de alta e média produção de leite criadas em sistema freestall. Foram utilizadas 174 vacas da raça Holandês, divididas em quatro grupos: primíparas de alta produção (PA, n=37; 42,92±0,78 kg leite/dia); primíparas de média produção (PM, n=50; 26,44±0,91 kg leite/dia); multíparas de alta produção (MA, n=37; 44,28±0,87 kg leite/dia) e multíparas de média produção (MM, n=50; 24,87±0,91 kg leite/dia), com 216±12 dias em lactação. Analisaram-se os seguintes metabólitos: concentrações de: colesterol total, colesterol HDL (HDL), triglicerídeos (TAG), beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB), proteínas totais (PT), albumina, ureia, e a atividade da enzima aspartato aminotransferase (AST). O grupo PM apresentou maiores concentrações de albumina (P = 0,001), colesterol (P = 0,001), HDL (P = 0,002) e TAG (P = 0,010) quando comparado com as do grupo MM. O grupo PA apresentou maiores concentrações de HDL (P = 0,001) quando comparado com a MA. PA apresentou maiores concentrações de HDL (P = 0,023) e AST (P = 0,05) ao se comparar com PM. MA apresentou maiores concentrações de albumina (P = 0,009), colesterol (P = 0,041), HDL (P = 0,053) e TAG (P = 0,052) quando comparado com a MM. As diferenças encontradas nos metabólitos analisados tornam-se importantes no estabelecimento dos valores de referência para uma população regional de categorias semelhantes, além da possibilidade de utilização de parâmetros bioquímico-clínicos na prevenção e monitoramento de transtornos metabólicos.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Padrões de Referência , Valores de Referência , Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Lactação/sangueRESUMO
Abstract Objective: Childhood obesity has been associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to compare plasma levels of traditional metabolic markers, adipokines and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNFR1) in overweight, obese and lean children. We also assessed the relationships of these molecules with classical metabolic risk factors. Methods: This study included 104 children and adolescents, which were grouped as: lean (n = 24), overweight (n = 30), and obese subjects (n = 50). They were subjected to anthropometrical, clinical and laboratorial measurements. All measurements were compared between groups. Correlation analyses were also performed to evaluate the association between clinical data, traditional metabolic markers, adipokines and sTNFR1. Results: Fasting glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were comparable in lean, overweight and obese subjects. Plasma levels of sTNFR1 were similar in lean and overweight subjects, but significantly increased in obese group. Leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels did not differ when overweight were compared to obese subjects. However, all adipokines differed significantly when lean subjects were compared to overweight and obese individuals. Plasma levels of adiponectin were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), whereas leptin, resistin and sTNFR1 concentrations positively correlated with BMI. Conclusion: Our results showed significant differences in circulating levels of the evaluated markers when lean, overweight and obese individuals were compared, suggesting that these biomarkers may change from lean to overweight and from overweight to obesity.
Resumo Objetivo: A obesidade na infância tem sido associada à síndrome metabólica e a doenças cardiovasculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar níveis plasmáticos de marcadores metabólicos tradicionais, adipocinas e do receptor solúvel de fator de necrose tumoral tipo 1 (sTNFR1) em crianças com sobrepeso, obesas e magras. Também avaliamos as relações dessas moléculas com fatores de risco metabólico clássicos. Métodos: Este estudo incluiu 104 crianças e adolescentes, agrupados da seguinte forma: indivíduos magros (n = 24), com sobrepeso (n = 30) e obesos (n = 50). Eles foram submetidos a medições antropométricas, clínicas e laboratoriais. Todas as medições foram comparadas entre os grupos. Também foram feitas análises de correlação para avaliar a associação entre dados clínicos, marcadores metabólicos tradicionais, adipocinas e sTNFR1. Resultados: Glicemia de jejum, insulina, modelo de avaliação da homeostase da resistência à insulina (HOMA-IR), colesterol LDL e triglicerídeos foram comparáveis em indivíduos magros, com sobrepeso e obesos. Os níveis plasmáticos de sTNFR1 foram similares em indivíduos magros e com sobrepeso, porém significativamente maiores no grupo obeso. Os níveis de leptina, adiponectina e resistina não diferiram quando indivíduos com sobrepeso foram comparados aos obesos. Contudo, todas as adipocinas diferiram significativamente quando indivíduos magros foram comparados a indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesos. Os níveis plasmáticos de adiponectina estavam negativamente correlacionados ao índice de massa corporal (IMC), ao passo que as concentrações de leptina, resistina e sTNFR1 estavam positivamente correlacionadas ao IMC. Conclusão: Nossos resultados mostraram diferenças significativas nos níveis circulantes dos marcadores avaliados ao comparar indivíduos magros, com sobrepeso e obesos. Isso sugere que esses biomarcadores poderão mudar de indivíduos magros para indivíduos com sobrepeso e de indivíduos com sobrepeso para obesos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Sobrepeso/sangue , Adipocinas/sangue , Obesidade Infantil/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Resistência à Insulina , Biomarcadores/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Jejum/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Childhood obesity has been associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to compare plasma levels of traditional metabolic markers, adipokines and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNFR1) in overweight, obese and lean children. We also assessed the relationships of these molecules with classical metabolic risk factors. METHODS: This study included 104 children and adolescents, which were grouped as: lean (n=24), overweight (n=30), and obese subjects (n=50). They were subjected to anthropometrical, clinical and laboratorial measurements. All measurements were compared between groups. Correlation analyses were also performed to evaluate the association between clinical data, traditional metabolic markers, adipokines and sTNFR1. RESULTS: Fasting glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were comparable in lean, overweight and obese subjects. Plasma levels of sTNFR1 were similar in lean and overweight subjects, but significantly increased in obese group. Leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels did not differ when overweight were compared to obese subjects. However, all adipokines differed significantly when lean subjects were compared to overweight and obese individuals. Plasma levels of adiponectin were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), whereas leptin, resistin and sTNFR1 concentrations positively correlated with BMI. CONCLUSION: Our results showed significant differences in circulating levels of the evaluated markers when lean, overweight and obese individuals were compared, suggesting that these biomarkers may change from lean to overweight and from overweight to obesity.
Assuntos
Adipocinas/sangue , Sobrepeso/sangue , Obesidade Infantil/sangue , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Jejum/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros bioquímico-clínicos de vacas primíparas e multíparas de alta e média produção de leite criadas em sistema freestall. Foram utilizadas 174 vacas da raça Holandês, divididas em quatro grupos: primíparas de alta produção (PA, n=37; 42,92±0,78 kg leite/dia); primíparas de média produção (PM, n=50; 26,44±0,91 kg leite/dia); multíparas de alta produção (MA, n=37; 44,28±0,87 kg leite/dia) e multíparas de média produção (MM, n=50; 24,87±0,91 kg leite/dia), com 216±12 dias em lactação. Analisaram-se os seguintes metabólitos: concentrações de: colesterol total, colesterol HDL (HDL), triglicerídeos (TAG), beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB), proteínas totais (PT), albumina, ureia, e a atividade da enzima aspartato aminotransferase (AST). O grupo PM apresentou maiores concentrações de albumina (P = 0,001), colesterol (P = 0,001), HDL (P = 0,002) e TAG (P = 0,010) quando comparado com as do grupo MM. O grupo PA apresentou maiores concentrações de HDL (P = 0,001) quando comparado com a MA. PA apresentou maiores concentrações de HDL (P = 0,023) e AST (P = 0,05) ao se comparar com PM. MA apresentou maiores concentrações de albumina (P = 0,009), colesterol (P = 0,041), HDL (P = 0,053) e TAG (P = 0,052) quando comparado com a MM. As diferenças encontradas nos metabólitos analisados tornam-se importantes no estabelecimento dos valores de referência para uma população regional de categorias semelhantes, além da possibilidade de utilização de parâmetros bioquímico-clínicos na prevenção e monitoramento de transtornos metabólicos.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical parameters of primiparous and multiparous cows of high and medium milk yield reared in a freestall system. One hundred seventy-four Holstein cows were used, divided into four groups: high yield primiparous (PA, n = 37; 42.92 ± 0.78 kg milk / day); medium yield primiparous (PM, n = 50; 26.44 ± 0.91 kg milk / day); high yield multiparous (MA, n = 37; 44.28 ± 0.87 kg milk / day) and medium yield multiparous (MM, n = 50; 24.87 ± 0.91 kg milk / day) with 216 ± 12 days in lactation. Blood analysis included: total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TAG), betahydroxybutyrate (BHB), total protein (PT), albumin, urea, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The PM group had higher albumin concentrations (P = 0.001), cholesterol (P = 0.001), HDL (P = 0.002) and TAG (P = 0.010) compared to the MM group. PA group had higher HDL concentrations (P = 0.001) than MA. PA had higher HDL (P = 0.023) and AST concentrations (P = 0.05) compared to PM. MA had higher albumin (P = 0.009), cholesterol (P = 0.041), HDL (P = 0.053) and TAG (P = 0.052) concentrations compared to MM. The results found in the analyzed metabolites are important in establishing reference values for a regional population, and also allow the use of these biochemical parameters in the prevention and monitoring of metabolic disorders.
Assuntos
Animais , Triglicerídeos , Metabolismo Energético , Prevenção de Doenças , Substitutos do Leite Humano , HDL-ColesterolRESUMO
O objetivo desta revisão é fazer uma abordagem a respeito de marcadores hormonais e metabólicos envolvidos na gestação da égua. Muitos deles sintetizados na placenta, tornam-se fundamentais na manutenção da gestação além de estarem relacionados ou até mesmo serem fatores que influenciarão diretamente em características fisicas e fisiológicas do potro. A avaliação placentária pode ser explorada como um método de acompanhamento e diagnóstico para enfermidades que possam interromper a gestação. A observação clínica,controle do histórico reprodutivo das fêmeas, determinação de marcadores como os citados anteriormente associados como uma forma de evitar ou então minimizar as perdas com as alterações gestacionais.
The objective of this review make an approach to the respect of some hormonal and metabolic marker sinvolved in the mare's pregnancy. Many synthesized in the placenta, becomes the fundamental of pregnancy maintenance in addition to being related or even be factors which directly influence on physical and physiological characteristics of the toal. Placental assessment can be explored as a method of monitoring and diagnosis fordiseases that might disrupt pregnancy. Clinical observation, control the reproductive history of females, determination markers such as those mentioned previously associated as a way to avoid or minimize losses then with gestational changes.
El objetivo de esta revisión crea un enfoque sobre algunos marcadores hormonales y metabólico simplicados en el embarazo de Ia yegua. Muchos sintetizados en Ia placenta, se convierte en el fundamental demantenimiento embarazo además de estar relacionados o incluso ser factores que influyen directamente sobre Ias características fisicas y fisiológicas dei potro. Evaluación de Ia placenta puede ser explorado como un método demonitoreo y diagnóstico de enfermedades que pudiesen afectar el embarazo. La observación clínica, el control deIa historia reproductiva de Ias hembras , marcadores de determinación tales como los mencionados anteriormente asociado como una manera de evitar o minimizar Ias pérdidas a continuación, con los cambios gestacionales.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Gravidez , Cavalos/fisiologia , Cavalos/metabolismo , Prenhez/fisiologia , Prenhez/metabolismo , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Endocrinologia , Placenta/enzimologia , Placenta/fisiologia , Placenta/metabolismoRESUMO
O objetivo desta revisão é fazer uma abordagem a respeito de marcadores hormonais e metabólicos envolvidos na gestação da égua. Muitos deles sintetizados na placenta, tornam-se fundamentais na manutenção da gestação além de estarem relacionados ou até mesmo serem fatores que influenciarão diretamente em características fisicas e fisiológicas do potro. A avaliação placentária pode ser explorada como um método de acompanhamento e diagnóstico para enfermidades que possam interromper a gestação. A observação clínica,controle do histórico reprodutivo das fêmeas, determinação de marcadores como os citados anteriormente associados como uma forma de evitar ou então minimizar as perdas com as alterações gestacionais. (AU)
The objective of this review make an approach to the respect of some hormonal and metabolic marker sinvolved in the mare's pregnancy. Many synthesized in the placenta, becomes the fundamental of pregnancy maintenance in addition to being related or even be factors which directly influence on physical and physiological characteristics of the toal. Placental assessment can be explored as a method of monitoring and diagnosis fordiseases that might disrupt pregnancy. Clinical observation, control the reproductive history of females, determination markers such as those mentioned previously associated as a way to avoid or minimize losses then with gestational changes. (AU)
El objetivo de esta revisión crea un enfoque sobre algunos marcadores hormonales y metabólico simplicados en el embarazo de Ia yegua. Muchos sintetizados en Ia placenta, se convierte en el fundamental demantenimiento embarazo además de estar relacionados o incluso ser factores que influyen directamente sobre Ias características fisicas y fisiológicas dei potro. Evaluación de Ia placenta puede ser explorado como un método demonitoreo y diagnóstico de enfermedades que pudiesen afectar el embarazo. La observación clínica, el control deIa historia reproductiva de Ias hembras , marcadores de determinación tales como los mencionados anteriormente asociado como una manera de evitar o minimizar Ias pérdidas a continuación, con los cambios gestacionales. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Cavalos/metabolismo , Cavalos/fisiologia , Prenhez/metabolismo , Prenhez/fisiologia , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Endocrinologia , Placenta/enzimologia , Placenta/metabolismo , Placenta/fisiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Obesity is the world's most important public health problem. Adipose tissue contributes significantly to increase pro-inflammatory mediators whose cascade begins with the union of TLR4 to its microbial ligands (TLR: Toll Like Receptors). It has been reported recently that NEFAs (Non-Esterified Fatty Acids) bind to this receptor as agonists. The purpose of our study was to determine the levels of expression of TLR4-CD14, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, the metabolic markers and the NEFAs in a group of adult, non-diabetic obese Mexicans. METHOD: A group of 210 adult middle-class Mexican non-diabetic obese patients was evaluated: 105 normal weight individuals, and 105 non-diabetic obese. On both groups, the following was tested in each patient: TLR4-CD14 receptors on monocytes in peripheral blood, inflammatory profile, HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance), NEFAs and each individual's anthropometric profile. RESULTS: Obesity is strongly associated with the expression of TLR4 (77%, MFI (Mean Fluorescence Index) 7.70) and CD14 (86% MFI 1.61) with 66% double positives (p = 0.000). These figures contrast with those for the normal weight individuals that constituted the control group: TLR4 (70% MFI 6.41) and CD14 (84% MFI 1.25) with 59% double positives. As for cytokine concentration, non- diabetic obese individuals vs the normal weight/thin, the numbers were: IL-1ß = 2.0 vs 2.5 pg/ml (p = NS), IL-6 = 36 vs 28 pg/ml (p = 0.030), IL-8 = 27 vs 27 pg/ml (p = NS), IL-10 = 8.4 vs 6.8 pg/ml (p = NS), TNF-α =31 vs 15 pg/ml (p = 0.000) respectively. Insulin levels were 12.1 vs 19.7 mcU/ml (p = 0.000) and the NEFAs were much higher in the obese vs normal weight/thin individuals (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Adipose tissue used to be thought of as mere storage of fats and energy, but it has been revealed to be an important neuro-immune-endocrine organ. Immune cells, stimulated by NEFAs, produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, which have a direct effect on oxidating radicals that directly target the release of noradrenalin. This in turn, reactivates the vicious cycle of low-grade chronic inflammation, as is now described in obesity.
RESUMO
To evaluate the association between the tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-ß) NcoI polymorphism and inflammatory and metabolic markers in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and the association of these markers with disease disability, a 782 base-pair fragment of the TNF-ß gene was amplified from genomic DNA and digested with the NcoI restriction enzyme. The serum levels of numerous cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-12, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17) serum lipid levels, plasma insulin levels, and the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were evaluated in 123 female and 43 male patients with MS. Females carrying the TNFB2/B2 genotype presented with decreased IL-4 and IL-10 levels and increased TNF-α, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels; moreover, there were positive correlations between EDSS and glucose and between EDSS and HOMA-IR in these females. Males carrying the TNFB2/B2 genotype exhibited increased levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17 (p=0.0326) and decreased levels of IL-4, IL-10, insulin, and HOMA-IR; there was a positive correlation between EDSS and TNF-α levels. The TNFB2/B2 genotype of TNF-ß NcoI polymorphism was associated with increased inflammatory and metabolic markers and this association was different according to sex of MS patients.