RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Linked datasets that enable longitudinal assessments are scarce in low and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the linkage of administrative databases of live births and under-five child deaths to explore mortality and trends for preterm, small (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) in Mexico. METHODS: We linked individual-level datasets collected by National statistics from 2008 to 2019. Linkage was performed based on agreement on birthday, sex, residential address. We used the Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health software to identify the best candidate pairs based on similarity. Accuracy was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We evaluated completeness by comparing the number of linked records with reported deaths. We described the percentage of linked records by baseline characteristics to identify potential bias. Using the linked dataset, we calculated mortality rate ratios (RR) in neonatal, infants, and children under-five according to gestational age, birthweight, and size. RESULTS: For the period 2008-2019, a total of 24,955,172 live births and 321,165 under-five deaths were available for linkage. We excluded 1,539,046 records (6.2%) with missing or implausible values. We succesfully linked 231,765 deaths (72.2%: range 57.1% in 2009 and 84.3% in 2011). The rate of neonatal mortality was higher for preterm compared with term (RR 3.83, 95% confidence interval, [CI] 3.78, 3.88) and for SGA compared with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (RR 1.22 95% CI, 1.19, 1.24). Births at <28 weeks had the highest mortality (RR 35.92, 95% CI, 34.97, 36.88). LGA had no additional risk vs AGA among children under five (RR 0.92, 95% CI, 0.90, 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the utility of linked data to understand neonatal vulnerability and child mortality. We created a linked dataset that would be a valuable resource for future population-based research.
Assuntos
Mortalidade Infantil , Nascido Vivo , Lactente , Gravidez , Feminino , Criança , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Nascido Vivo/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Peso ao Nascer , Aumento de Peso , Armazenamento e Recuperação da InformaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Linking Brazilian databases demands the development of algorithms and processes to deal with various challenges including the large size of the databases, the low number and poor quality of personal identifiers available to be compared (national security number not mandatory), and some characteristics of Brazilian names that make the linkage process prone to errors. This study aims to describe and evaluate the quality of the processes used to create an individual-linked database for data-intensive research on the impacts on health indicators of the expansion of primary care in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil. METHODS: We created an individual-level dataset linking social benefits recipients, primary health care, hospital admission and mortality data. The databases were pre-processed, and we adopted a multiple approach strategy combining deterministic and probabilistic record linkage techniques, and an extensive clerical review of the potential matches. Relying on manual review as the gold standard, we estimated the false match (false-positive) proportion of each approach (deterministic, probabilistic, clerical review) and the missed match proportion (false-negative) of the clerical review approach. To assess the sensitivity (recall) to identifying social benefits recipients' deaths, we used their vital status registered on the primary care database as the gold standard. RESULTS: In all linkage processes, the deterministic approach identified most of the matches. However, the proportion of matches identified in each approach varied. The false match proportion was around 1% or less in almost all approaches. The missed match proportion in the clerical review approach of all linkage processes were under 3%. We estimated a recall of 93.6% (95% CI 92.8-94.3) for the linkage between social benefits recipients and mortality data. CONCLUSION: The adoption of a linkage strategy combining pre-processing routines, deterministic, and probabilistic strategies, as well as an extensive clerical review approach minimized linkage errors in the context of suboptimal data quality.
Assuntos
Confiabilidade dos Dados , Registro Médico Coordenado , Brasil , Bases de Dados Factuais , Humanos , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
Resumo Fundamento Na prática clínica, há evidências de falhas na prescrição de terapias baseadas em evidências para pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular. Entretanto, no Brasil, ainda são insuficientes os dados sobre a evolução ao longo de 1 ano desses pacientes. Objetivos Descrição no acompanhamento de 12 meses da utilização de terapias baseadas em evidência e da ocorrência de desfechos cardiovasculares maiores e seus principais preditores em um registro brasileiro multicêntrico de pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular. Métodos Estudo observacional prospectivo que documentou a prática clínica ambulatorial de indivíduos acima de 45 anos e de alto risco cardiovascular tanto em prevenção primária como secundária. Os pacientes foram seguidos por 1 ano e avaliou-se a prescrição de terapias baseadas em evidência e a ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares maiores (infarto agudo do miocárdio [IAM], acidente vascular cerebral [AVC], parada cardíaca e mortalidade por causa cardiovascular). Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. Resultados De julho de 2010 até agosto de 2014, 5.076 indivíduos foram incluídos em 48 centros, sendo 91% dos 4.975 pacientes elegíveis acompanhados em centros de cardiologia e 68,6% em prevenção secundária. Em 1 ano, o uso concomitante de antiplaquetários, estatinas e inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA) reduziu de 28,3% para 24,2% (valor de p < 0,001). A taxa de eventos cardiovasculares maiores foi de 5,46%, e os preditores identificados foram: idade, pacientes em prevenção secundária e nefropatia diabética. Conclusões Neste grande registro nacional de pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular, foram identificados preditores de risco semelhantes aos registros internacionais, porém a adesão da prescrição médica a terapias baseadas em evidência esteve abaixo dos dados da literatura internacional e apresentou piora significativa em 1 ano. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)
Abstract Background In clinical practice, there is evidence of failure to prescribe evidence-based therapies for patients at high cardiovascular risk. However, in Brazil, data on 1-year outcomes of these patients remain insufficient. Objectives To describe the use of evidence-based therapies and the occurrence of major cardiovascular outcomes and their major predictors in a 12-month follow-up of a Brazilian multicenter registry of patients at high cardiovascular risk. Methods This prospective observational study documented the outpatient clinical practice of managing patients over 45 years of age and of high cardiovascular risk in both primary and secondary prevention. Patients were followed-up for 1 year, and the prescription of evidence-based therapies and the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac arrest, and cardiovascular death) were assessed. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results From July 2010 to August 2014, a total of 5076 individuals were enrolled in 48 centers, 91% of the 4975 eligible patients were followed-up in cardiology centers, and 68.6% were in secondary prevention. At 1 year, the concomitant use of antiplatelet agents, statins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduced from 28.3% to 24.2% (p < 0.001). Major cardiovascular event rate was 5.46%, and the identified predictors were age, patients in secondary prevention, and diabetic nephropathy. Conclusions In this large national registry of patients at high cardiovascular risk, risk predictors similar to those of international registries were identified, but medical prescription adherence to evidence-based therapies was inferior and significantly worsened at 1 year. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)
Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Seguimentos , Fatores de Risco de Doenças CardíacasRESUMO
Introdução: A necessidade de monitorar o intervalo entre o diagnóstico de uma neoplasia maligna e o início do tratamento oncológico no Sistema Público de Saúde demandou a construção de uma nova ferramenta. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido o PAINEL-Oncologia. Objetivo: Apresentar o processo de elaboração da ferramenta, suas aplicações, potencialidades e limites, apontando ainda perspectivas futuras. Método: O painel foi construído a partir do relacionamento determinístico de informações diagnósticas e de tratamento obtidas no Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial, por meio do Boletim de Produção Ambulatorial Individualizado e da Autorização de Procedimento de Alta Complexidade, no Sistema de Informação Hospitalar e no Sistema de Informações de Câncer, utilizando-se o Cartão Nacional de Saúde e o diagnóstico de neoplasia como chave identificadora do caso. Resultados: A ferramenta disponibiliza três painéis: 1 - Painel: Monitoramento do início do tratamento oncológico, que exclui os cânceres de pele não melanoma e tireoide; 2 - Painel: Casos sem data de diagnóstico por ano de tratamento; e 3 - Painel: Casos diagnosticados de câncer de pele não melanoma e tireoide; e um conjunto de gráficos e tabelas com filtros para seleção. Conclusão: O PAINEL-Oncologia foi disponibilizado aos gestores e a órgãos de controle em 15 de maio de 2019. Trata-se de uma ferramenta ágil e acessível ao gestor para o monitoramento do tempo do primeiro tratamento do câncer. Contudo, as informações apresentadas no PAINEL-Oncologia dependem do registro e da qualidade das informações dos Sistemas de Informação em Saúde dos quais ele consome informações
Introduction: It was necessary to construct a new tool to monitor the interval between the diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm and the beginning of cancer treatment in the Public Health System. For this purpose, the Oncology-PANEL was developed. Objective: To introduce the process of elaboration of the tool, its applications, potentialities and limits, with its future perspectives. Method: The panel was built from the deterministic relationship of diagnostic and treatment information obtained from the Outpatient Information System, through the Individualized Outpatient Production and the High Complexity Procedure Authorization, in the Hospital Information System and the Cancer Information System, using the National Health Card and the diagnosis of cancer as identification key of the case. Result: The tool has three panels: 1st. Panel: Monitoring the initiation of the cancer treatment which excludes non-melanoma and thyroid skin cancers; 2nd Panel: Cases without date of diagnosis by year of treatment, and 3rd. Panel: Cases diagnosed with non-melanoma and thyroid skin cancer; and a set of charts and tables with selection filters. Conclusion: Oncology-PANEL was available to managers and control agencies on May 15, 2019. It is an agile and manager-accessible tool for monitoring the time of the first cancer treatment. However, the information presented in the Oncology-PANEL depend on the registration and the quality of the information of the Health Information Systems from which the data are obtained.
Introducción: La necesidad de controlar el intervalo entre diagnóstico de una neoplasia maligna y el comienzo del tratamiento del cáncer en el Sistema de Salud Pública exigió la construcción de una nueva herramienta. Para este propósito, se desarrolló el PANEL-oncología. Objetivo: Presentar el proceso de elaboración de la herramienta, sus aplicaciones, potencialidades y límites, señalando perspectivas futuras. Método: El panel se construyó a partir de relación determinista de información de diagnóstico y tratamiento obtenida del Sistema de información para pacientes ambulatorios, a través del Boletín de producción ambulatoria individualizado y Autorización de procedimiento de alta complejidad, Sistema de información hospitalaria y Sistema de información sobre el cáncer, utilizando la Tarjeta nacional de salud y diagnóstico de cáncer como clave de identificación del caso. Resultados: La herramienta tiene tres paneles: 1 - Panel: Monitoreo del inicio del tratamiento del cáncer, que excluye los cánceres de piel no melanoma y de tiroides; 2 - Panel: Casos sin fecha de diagnóstico por año de tratamiento, 3 - Panel: Casos diagnosticados con cáncer de piel no tiroideo y melanoma; y un conjunto de gráficos y tablas con filtros para la selección. Conclusión: PANEL-Oncología se puso a disposición de los gerentes y las agencias de control el 15 de mayo de 2019. Es una herramienta ágil y accesible para los gerentes para monitorear el momento del primer tratamiento contra el cáncer. Sin embargo, la información presentada en el PANEL-Oncología depende del registro y la calidad de información de los Sistemas de la Información de Salud de los cuales consume información.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Registro Médico Coordenado , Sistemas de Informação em Saúde , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Monitoramento Ambiental , Gestão da Informação em SaúdeRESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: The increasing incidence of syphilis among pregnant women (PS) and congenital syphilis (CS) has negatively affected maternal-child health in Brazil. The spatial approach to diseases with social indicators improves knowledge of health situations. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of incidences, identify the priority areas for infection control actions, and analyze the relationship of PS and CS clusters with social determinants of health in Mato Grosso. METHODS: This is an ecological study with data from different health information systems. After data procedure linkage, we analyzed the Bayesian incidences of triennial infections during specific periods. We performed SATSCAN screenings to identify spatiotemporal clusters. Further, we verified the differences between the clusters and indicators using Pearson's chi-square test. RESULTS: The variations in PS incidence were 0.9-20.5/1,000 live births (LB), 0.6-46.3/1,000 LB, and 2.1-23.2/1,000 LB in the first, second, and last triennium, respectively; for CS, the variations were 0-7.1/1,000 LB, 0-7.5/1,000 LB, and 0.3-10.8/1,000 LB in the first, second, and last triennium, respectively. Three clusters each were identified for PS (RR=2.02; RR=0.30; RR=21.45, p<0.0001) and CS (RR=3.55; RR=0.10; RR=0.26, p<0.0001). The high-risk clusters overlapped in time-space; CS incidence was associated with municipalities with a higher proportion of LB mothers of race/non-white color and with poor sanitary conditions, lower proportion of pregnant teenagers, and under 8 years of schooling. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the spatiotemporal evolution of PS and CS incidences and the extension of areas with persistent infections indicate the need for monitoring, especially of priority areas in the state.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Sífilis Congênita/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Teorema de Bayes , Determinantes Sociais da SaúdeRESUMO
Resumo: O Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) é a principal ferramenta utilizada pelos programas de controle da tuberculose (TB), para avaliar as ações de controle e a taxa de incidência da doença. Para tal, faz-se necessário que os dados provenientes desse sistema sejam, dentre outros, confiáveis e acurados. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi qualificar as variáveis tipo de entrada, situação de encerramento, teste para HIV, agravo associado aids e diabetes. Foi realizado um linkage entre a base de dados do Sinan-TB, do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e a base única da aids do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os critérios para qualificação das variáveis estão fundamentados em materiais técnicos sobre a TB e sobre o Sinan, e foram implementados em um script em Structured Query Language (SQL). Observou-se um aumento de 115% do abandono de tratamento decorrente da diminuição das transferências, dos registros sem encerramento e de pacientes encerrados por cura com menos de 150 dias. Houve acréscimo de 2,4% de registros com agravo associado diabetes na categoria sim, após utilizada a informação contida no SIM. Para as variáveis teste para HIV e agravo associado à aids o acréscimo foi de 5,3% e 8,7%, respectivamente, com a consideração da informação contida na base da aids. Concluiu-se que a qualificação da base de dados do Sinan-TB, valendo-se da integração com outros sistemas de informação, aprimorou a qualidade da informação para a tomada de decisão para o controle da TB.
Abstract: Brazil's Information System on Diseases of Notification (Sinan) is the main tool used by tuberculosis (TB) control programs to assess control measures and TB incidence. This requires data from the system that are reliable and accurate, among other features. The study thus aimed to upgrade the entry variables, condition at closure, HIV testing, AIDS-related illness, and diabetes. Linkage was performed between the Sinan-TB database, the Mortality Information System (SIM), and the single AIDS database for the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Criteria for upgrading the variables were based on technical materials on TB and the Sinan database and were implemented in a script in Structured Query Language (SQL). There was a 115% increase in treatment dropout due to the decrease in transfers, records without closure, and patients closed due to cure in less than 150 days. There was a 2.4% increase in records with diseases associated with diabetes in the affirmative category after using data from the SIM. For the variables HIV testing and AIDS-associated illness, the increases were 5.3% and 8.7%, respectively, when the information in the AIDS database was considered. In conclusion, upgrading the Sinan-TB database through integration with other information systems improved the data's quality for decision-making on TB control.
Resumen: El Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación obligatoria (Sinan) es la principal herramienta utilizada por los programas de control de la tuberculosis (TB), para evaluar las acciones de control y la tasa de incidencia de la enfermedad. Para tal fin, es necesario que los datos provenientes de este sistema sean, entre otros aspectos, fiables y precisos. De esta forma, el objetivo de este estudio fue cualificar las variables: tipo de entrada, situación de cierre, test para VIH, enfermedad asociada al SIDA y diabetes. Se realizó una vinculación entre la base de datos del Sinan-TB, del Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad (SIM) y la base única del SIDA del municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Los criterios para la cualificación de las variables están fundamentados en materiales técnicos sobre la TB y sobre el Sinan, y fueron implementados en un script con Structured Query Language (SQL). Se observó un aumento de un 115% en el abandono del tratamiento, a consecuencia de la disminución de transferencias, de los registros sin cierre y de pacientes internados por tratamiento menos de 150 días. Hubo un incremento de un 2,4% de los registros con enfermedad asociada a la diabetes en la categoría SIM, tras utilizar la información contenida en el SIM. Para las variables test del VIH y enfermedad asociada al SIDA el incremento fue de un 5,3% y un 8,7%, respectivamente, considerando la información contenida en la base de datos del SIDA. Se concluyó que la cualificación de la base de datos del Sinan-TB, valiéndose de la integración con otros sistemas de información, perfeccionó la calidad de la información en la toma de decisiones para el control de la TB.
Assuntos
Humanos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Registro Médico Coordenado , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Confiabilidade dos Dados , Gerenciamento de DadosRESUMO
Heart failure is considered a garbage code when assigned as the underlying cause of death. Reassigning garbage codes to plausible causes reduces bias and increases comparability of mortality data. Two redistribution methods were applied to Brazilian data, from 2008 to 2012, for decedents aged 55 years and older. In the multiple causes of death method, heart failure deaths were redistributed based on the proportion of underlying causes found in matched deaths that had heart failure listed as an intermediate cause. In the hospitalization data method, heart failure deaths were redistributed based on data from the decedents' corresponding hospitalization record. There were 123,269 (3.7%) heart failure deaths. The method with multiple causes of death redistributed 25.3% to hypertensive heart and kidney diseases, 22.6% to coronary heart diseases and 9.6% to diabetes. The total of 41,324 heart failure deaths were linked to hospitalization records. Heart failure was listed as the principal diagnosis in 45.8% of the corresponding hospitalization records. For those, no redistribution occurred. For the remaining ones, the hospitalization data method redistributed 21.2% to a group with other (non-cardiac) diseases, 6.5% to lower respiratory infections and 9.3% to other garbage codes. Heart failure is a frequently used garbage code in Brazil. We used two redistribution methods, which were straightforwardly applied but led to different results. These methods need to be validated, which can be done in the wake of a recent national study that will investigate a big sample of hospital deaths with garbage codes listed as underlying causes.
A insuficiência cardíaca, quando atribuída como a causa básica de morte, é considerada um código lixo. A reatribuição de códigos lixo a causas plausíveis tem por objetivo reduzir viés e aumentar a comparabilidade de dados sobre mortalidade. Dois modelos de redistribuição foram aplicados a dados brasileiros de 2008 a 2012, para pacientes falecidos de 55 anos de idade ou mais. No modelo de causas múltiplas de morte, óbitos por insuficiência cardíaca foram redistribuídos com base na proporção de causas básicas identificadas em óbitos pareados que tinham insuficiência cardíaca listada como causa intermediária. No método de dados hospitalares, óbitos por insuficiência cardíaca foram redistribuídos com base nos dados dos registros de hospitalização dos pacientes falecidos. Houve 123.269 (3,7%) óbitos por insuficiência cardíaca. O método de causas múltiplas de morte redistribuiu 25,3% para doenças cardíacas hipertensivas e doenças renais, 22,6% para doenças cardíacas coronarianas e 9,6% para diabetes. Houve 41.324 óbitos por insuficiência cardíaca relacionados com registros de hospitalização. A insuficiência cardíaca foi listada como o diagnóstico principal em 45,8% dos registros de hospitalização correspondentes. Para estes, não foi feita redistribuição. Para os óbitos remanescentes, o método de dados hospitalares redistribuiu 21,2% para outras doenças (não cardíacas), 6,5% para infecções das vias aéreas inferiores e 9,3% para outros códigos lixo. A insuficiência cardíaca é um código lixo frequentemente usado no Brasil. Nós usamos dois métodos de redistribuição, aplicados de forma simples, mas que levaram a resultados distintos. É importante que esses métodos sejam validados, o que pode ser feito a partir de um estudo nacional recente que investigará uma grande amostra de óbitos hospitalares com códigos lixo listados como causas básicas.
El fallo cardíaco, cuando es asignado como causa subyacente de la muerte está considerado como código basura. El objetivo de este estudio es reasignar códigos basura de fallecimiento, con el fin de reducir sesgos e incrementar la comparabilidad de los datos de mortalidad. Se aplicaron dos métodos de redistribución en los datos brasileños de 2008 a 2012, para fallecidos de 55 años y mayores. En el método de causas múltiples de muerte, las muertes por fallo cardiaco fueron redistribuidas basándose en la proporción de causas subyacentes encontradas en las muertes compatibles que contaban con un fallo cardiaco descrito como causa intermedia. En el método de datos de hospitalización, las muertes por fallo cardiaco fueron redistribuidas basándose en datos del historial de hospitalización de los fallecimientos. Hubo 123.269 (3,7%) muertes por fallo cardíaco. El método de múltiples causas de fallecimiento redistribuyó un 25,3% a problemas de hipertensión cardiaca y enfermedades de riñón, un 22,6% a enfermedades coronarias de corazón y un 9,6% a diabetes. Hubo 41.324 muertes por fallos cardiacos vinculadas a los registros de hospitalización. El fallo cardíaco fue listado como diagnóstico principal en un 45,8% de los registros de hospitalización correspondientes. Para estos últimos, no se produjo redistribución. En el caso de los restantes, el método de datos de hospitalización redistribuyó un 21,2% a un grupo con otras enfermedades (no-cardíacas), un 6,5% a infecciones en las vías respiratorias bajas y un 9,3% a otros códigos basura. El fallo cardíaco es frecuentemente usado en Brasil como código basura. Usamos dos métodos de redistribución, que fueron directamente aplicados, pero que condujeron a resultados diferentes. Es importante validar estos métodos, que como consecuencia de un estudio nacional recientemente iniciado es posible que se pueda hacer, además de investigar una gran muestra de muertes hospitalarias registradas con códigos basura procedentes de causas subyacentes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Sistemas de Informação , Atestado de Óbito , Registro Médico Coordenado/métodos , Mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Registros Hospitalares , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Causas de Morte , Confiabilidade dos DadosRESUMO
RESUMO: Introdução: O estudo avaliou a confiabilidade interobservadores na classificação de pares de registros formados durante o processo de relacionamento probabilístico, sendo uma das etapas de validação da metodologia a ser utilizada em pesquisa sobre desigualdades de acesso às ações de controle dos cânceres de mama e do colo do útero no Brasil (DAAC-SIS). Metodologia: O programa RecLink foi usado para relacionar as bases de dados do Sistema de Informação do Controle do Câncer de Mama (SISMAMA) do estado de Minas Gerais, tendo como referência 301 mamografias de rastreamento com resultado provavelmente benigno (categoria BI-RADS 3), registradas em outubro de 2010 e, como comparação, 158.517 mamografias registradas em 2011. Posteriormente, 215 pares de registros, que não obtiveram o escore máximo atribuído pelo RecLink, foram classificados independentemente por dez avaliadores, de quatro centros participantes da pesquisa, como pares verdadeiros ou falsos. Resultados: O coeficiente Kappa variou de 0,87 a 1,00. Seis avaliadores obtiveram concordância perfeita com um ou mais avaliadores de outros centros. O Kappa global foi 0,96 (intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% 0,94 - 0,99). Discussão: A avaliação interobservadores foi fundamental para garantir a qualidade do processo de relacionamento, e a sua prática deve ser rotina em estudos dessa natureza. A divulgação desses resultados contribui para a transparência na condução e no relato do estudo em curso. Conclusão: A confiabilidade interobservadores foi excelente, sinalizando homogeneidade satisfatória da equipe na classificação dos pares de registros.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: The study assessed interobserver reliability in the classification of record pairs formed during probabilistic linkage of health-related databases, a key step in the methodology validation to be used in a larger on-going study on inequalities in the access to breast and cervical cancer control activities in Brazil (DAAC-SIS). Methodology: The RecLink software was used to link two databases of the Breast Cancer Control Information System (SISMAMA) in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: a reference database, which included 301 screening mammograms with probable benign diagnosis (BI-RADS 3 category) recorded in October 2010, and a database comprising 158,517 mammograms registered in 2011. Subsequently, the 215 pairs of records that were not assigned the maximum RecLink score were independently classified as being true or false by ten independent evaluators from four participating centers. Results: The Kappa coefficient ranged from 0.87 to 1.00. Six evaluators were in perfect agreement with one or more evaluators from the other centers. The global Kappa was 0.96 (95% confidence interval - 95%CI 0.94 - 0.99). Discussion: Assessment of interobserver reliability is key to ensuring the quality of the record linkage, and it should be routine practice in studies of this nature. The disclosure of such results contributes to transparency in the conduct of such studies and in the reporting of their findings. Conclusion: Interobserver reliability in this study was excellent, indicating satisfactory team consistency in the classification of record pairs.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Registro Médico Coordenado , Sistemas de Informação em Saúde , Brasil , Mamografia , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Bases de Dados Factuais , Integração de SistemasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The electronic exchange of health-related data can support different professionals and services to act in a more coordinated and transparent manner and make the management of health service networks more efficient. Although mental health care is one of the areas that can benefit from a secure health information exchange (HIE), as it usually involves long-term and multiprofessional care, there are few published studies on this topic, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to design, implement, and evaluate an electronic health (eHealth) platform that allows the technical and informational support of a Brazilian regional network of mental health care. This solution was to enable HIE, improve data quality, and identify and monitor patients over time and in different services. METHODS: The proposed platform is based on client-server architecture to be deployed on the Web following a Web services communication model. The interoperability information model was based on international and Brazilian health standards. To test platform usage, we have utilized the case of the mental health care network of the XIII Regional Health Department of the São Paulo state, Brazil. Data were extracted from 5 different sources, involving 26 municipalities, and included national demographic data, data from primary health care, data from requests for psychiatric hospitalizations performed by community services, and data obtained from 2 psychiatric hospitals about hospitalizations. Data quality metrics such as accuracy and completeness were evaluated to test the proposed solution. RESULTS: The eHealth-Interop integration platform was designed, developed, and tested. It contains a built-in terminology server and a record linkage module to support patients' identification and deduplication. The proposed interoperability environment was able to integrate information in the mental health care network case with the support of 5 international and national terminologies. In total, 27,353 records containing demographic and clinical data were integrated into eHealth-Interop. Of these records, 34.91% (9548/27,353) were identified as patients who were present in more than 1 data source with different levels of accuracy and completeness. The data quality analysis was performed on 26 demographic attributes for each integrable patient record, totaling 248,248 comparisons. In general, it was possible to achieve an improvement of 18.40% (45,678/248,248) in completeness and 1.10% (2731/248,248) in syntactic accuracy over the test dataset after integration and deduplication. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed platform established an eHealth solution to fill the gap in the availability and quality of information within a network of health services to improve the continuity of care and the health services management. It has been successfully applied in the context of mental health care and is flexible to be tested in other areas of care.
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Cancer survival among people with AIDS (PWA) has been described in developed countries, but there is lack of data from developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate survival after cancer diagnosis in PWA and compare it with people without AIDS (non-PWA) in São Paulo, Brazil. A probabilistic record linkage was carried out between the databases of the Population-based Cancer Registry of São Paulo (PBCR-SP) and the AIDS registry of SP (SINAN) to identify PWA who developed cancer. For comparison, non-PWA were frequency matched from the PBCR-SP by cancer site/type, sex, age, and period. Hazard ratio (HR) stratified by matching variables was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 1,294 PWA (20 patients with two primary site tumors) were included in the site/type-specific analyses. AIDS-defining cancers (ADC) comprised 51.9% of cases assessed. The all-cancer 5-year overall survival in PWA was 49.4% versus 72.7% in non-PWA (HR = 2.64; 95%CI = 2.39-2.91). Survival was impaired in PWA for both ADC (HR = 2.93; 95%CI = 2.49-3.45) and non-ADC (HR = 2.51; 95%CI = 2.21-2.84), including bladder (HR = 8.11; 95% CI = 2.09-31.52), lung (HR = 2.93; 95%CI = 1.97-4.36) and anal cancer (HR = 2.53; 95%CI = 1.63-3.94). These disparities were seen mainly in the first year after cancer diagnosis. The overall survival was significantly lower in PWA in comparison with non-PWA in São Paulo, as seen in high-income countries. Efforts to enhance early diagnosis and ensure proper cancer treatment in PWA should be emphasized.
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Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/mortalidade , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/patologia , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Neoplasias/virologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify individual- and health services-related factors associated with deaths in subjects diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). METHODS: A nonconcurrent cohort study with passive follow-up was conducted using a probabilistic linkage method to analyze a sample of patients diagnosed and reported as having TB in 2006 and followed up until 2008. New cases, cases with previous treatment (readmission after loss to follow-up or relapse), and transfers across health services were included. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate the independent effect of covariates related to the individual and to the health services on mortality from all causes. RESULTS: Age above 60 years, admission to a hospital with emergency services, HIV-associated TB, and readmission to an outpatient facility after disease relapse or loss to follow-up were identified as risk factors for death. Variables related to process and results indicators of Brazil's National TB Program were not associated with mortality from all causes. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced age, previous treatment for TB, and treatment at a secondary-level outpatient facility or a hospital with emergency services on site were associated with mortality in TB patients. Better strategies to improve TB care delivered at health units are needed to prevent death from TB, especially among the elderly.
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ABSTRACT Objective To identify individual- and health services-related factors associated with deaths in subjects diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). Methods A nonconcurrent cohort study with passive follow-up was conducted using a probabilistic linkage method to analyze a sample of patients diagnosed and reported as having TB in 2006 and followed up until 2008. New cases, cases with previous treatment (readmission after loss to follow-up or relapse), and transfers across health services were included. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate the independent effect of covariates related to the individual and to the health services on mortality from all causes. Results Age above 60 years, admission to a hospital with emergency services, HIV-associated TB, and readmission to an outpatient facility after disease relapse or loss to follow-up were identified as risk factors for death. Variables related to process and results indicators of Brazil's National TB Program were not associated with mortality from all causes. Conclusions Advanced age, previous treatment for TB, and treatment at a secondary-level outpatient facility or a hospital with emergency services on site were associated with mortality in TB patients. Better strategies to improve TB care delivered at health units are needed to prevent death from TB, especially among the elderly.
RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar los factores individuales y los factores relacionados con los servicios de salud asociados con la muerte de personas con diagnóstico de tuberculosis. Métodos Se realizó un estudio de cohortes no concurrentes con seguimiento pasivo, con un método de nexo probabilístico, para analizar una muestra de pacientes a quienes se les diagnosticó tuberculosis y se notificaron sus casos en el 2006, y se les dio seguimiento hasta el 2008. Se incluyeron casos nuevos, casos con tratamiento anterior (reingreso después de haber abandonado el seguimiento o por recaída) y transferencias entre distintos servicios de salud. Se usaron modelos de riesgos proporcionales para calcular el efecto independiente de las covariables relacionadas con los individuos y con los servicios de salud en la mortalidad por todas las causas. Resultados Se determinó que los factores de riesgo de muerte son: edad mayor de 60 años, ingreso a un hospital con servicios de urgencia, tuberculosis asociada con la infección por el VIH y reingreso a un establecimiento de atención ambulatoria después de la recaída de la enfermedad o de abandonar el seguimiento. Las variables relacionadas con los procesos y los indicadores de resultados del Programa Nacional contra la Tuberculosis de Brasil no se asociaron con la mortalidad por todas las causas. Conclusiones La edad avanzada, el antecedente de tratamiento antituberculoso y el tratamiento en un establecimiento ambulatorio de nivel secundario o un hospital con servicios integrados de urgencia se asociaron con la mortalidad de los pacientes con tuberculosis. Se necesitan mejores estrategias para optimizar los servicios de atención de la tuberculosis que prestan las unidades de salud a fin de evitar la muerte por esta enfermedad, especialmente en las personas de mayor edad.
RESUMO Objetivo Identificar fatores individuais e relacionados aos serviços de saúde associados com mortalidade em indivíduos com diagnóstico de tuberculose (TB). Métodos Estudo longitudinal não concorrente de seguimento passivo por método de linkage probabilístico, realizado em uma amostra de pacientes diagnosticados e notificados com TB em 2006 e seguidos até 2008. Casos novos, com histórico de tratamento anterior (readmitidos após perda de seguimento ou recorrência) ou transmitidos entre diferentes serviços de saúde foram incluídos. Modelos de riscos proporcionais foram utilizados para estimar o efeito independente de covariáveis do indivíduo e do serviço de saúde na mortalidade por todas as causas. Resultados Idade maior de 60 anos, admissão em hospital com serviço de emergência, coinfecção HIV/TB e reingresso a um serviço ambulatorial após recorrência da TB ou perda de seguimento foram identificados como fatores de risco para a morte. Variáveis de processo e indicadores de resultados do Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose não guardaram relação com a mortalidade por todas as causas. Conclusões Idade avançada, tratamento prévio da TB e tratamento em unidade ambulatorial de nível secundário ou em hospital com serviço de emergência no local apresentaram associação com mortalidade em pacientes com TB. São necessárias estratégias melhores para aprimorar a atenção à TB ofertada nas unidades de saúde, principalmente para idosos.
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Humanos , Tuberculose/transmissão , Análise de Sobrevida , Serviços de Saúde , Brasil , Registro Médico Coordenado/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Heart valve surgery outcomes are unknown in middle-income countries and thus cannot be used in health system decision making processes. This study estimated in-hospital mortality and medium and long-term survival. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 78,806 patients who underwent heart valve surgery between 2001 and 2007 in Brazil. Two national databases were used, the Hospital Information System and the Mortality Information System. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were performed. Maximum and median follow-up was 7.7 and 2.8 years, respectively (0.002-7.707). RESULTS: Valve replacement accounted for 69.1% of procedures performed. Mitral stenosis, the most common valve injury, represented 38.9% of the total. In 94.7% of mitral stenosis patients, aetiology was rheumatic heart disease. In-hospital mortality was 7.6% and was higher for women, for patients who had undergone concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and for the elderly. Overall survival was 69.9% at the end of follow-up. Survival was worst among elderly, male and concomitant CABG patients (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Rheumatic heart disease is still a major public health problem in Brazil. In-hospital mortality and global survival rates of patients who have undergone heart valve surgery were less satisfactory than those reported in high-income countries. The findings of this study can contribute to guiding decision making processes in middle-income countries similar to Brazil and others concerned with improving the quality of care.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Cardiopatia Reumática/cirurgia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Comorbidade , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Feminino , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cardiopatia Reumática/diagnóstico , Cardiopatia Reumática/mortalidade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study investigated the relationship between birth defects and cancer in adolescents and very young adults using California's population-based registries. Although overall cancer risk was elevated among individuals with chromosomal birth defects, this was not observed in those with nonchromosomal birth defects, as was demonstrated previously in younger children.
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Aberrações Cromossômicas , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , California/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Sistema de Registros , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RESUMO: A disponibilidade de grandes bases de dados informatizadas em saúde tornou a técnica de linkage uma alternativa para diferentes tipos de estudos, proporcionando a geração de uma base de dados mais completa e de baixo custo operacional. Objetivo: Melhorar a qualidade e a completitude dos casos incidentes de câncer por meio dos linkages probabilístico e determinístico entre o Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de São Paulo (RCBP-SP), o banco de dados de óbitos e de Autorização e Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade. Método: Foi utilizado o banco de dados do RCBP-SP, composto de 343.306 casos de câncer incidentes no município de São Paulo entre 1997 e 2005, com idades entre 1 e 106 anos, de ambos os sexos. Para o linkage foram utilizadas três bases de dados, a saber: do Programa de Aprimoramento de Mortalidade no Município de São Paulo (PRO-AIM), da Fundação SEADE e da Autorização e Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade/Custo do Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial do Sistema Único de Saúde (APAC-SIA/SUS). Foram analisadas os coeficientes brutos de incidência (CBI) e mortalidade (CBM) e a sobrevida global pela técnica de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Após o linkage, verificou-se um ganho de 4,3% para a CBI e 25,8% para a CBM. Na análise de sobrevida global antes do linkage havia uma subestimação da probabilidade de estar vivo para todas as variáveis analisadas (p < 0,001). Conclusão: As técnicas de linkage contribuíram para a melhora da qualidade da informação do RCBP-SP tanto na completitude das variáveis quanto na definição do status vital do paciente, refletindo a capacidade das bases de dados, quando trabalhadas de maneira conjunta, de fornecerem subsídios para diversos tipos de estudos e informações para o planejamento de ações políticas e estratégicas.
ABSTRACT: The availability of large computerized databases on health turned the record linkage technique into an alternative for different study designs. This technique provides the creation of more complete databases, at low operational costs. Objective: The aim of this study was to improve the quality of information and data completeness through probabilistic and deterministic record linkage between Population-based Cancer Registry of São Paulo (PBCR-SP) for incident cancer cases, death database and drugs/medical procedures database. Methods: We used the database of the PBCRP-SP composed of 343,306 incident cancer cases in the municipality of São Paulo in the period between 1997 and 2005 with ages raging from under 1 to 106 years old, from both sexes. Three databases were used for linkage, namely Improvement Program for Mortality Information in São Paulo city (PRO-AIM), Authorization of Procedures of High Complexity/Cost of Outpatient Information System from the Unified Health System (APAC-SIA/SUS), and Foundation State System of Data Analysis (Foundation SEADE). Crude incidence (CIR) and mortality rates (CMR) were calculated and overall survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: After record linkage, it was possible to observe gain of 4.3% for the CIR and 25.8% for CMR. The overall survival analysis showed that before record linkage there was an underestimation of the probability of being alive for all variables (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The linkage techniques contributed with the improvement of the quality of RCBP-SP information both on completeness of data, as in defining the vital status of the patient. In addition, the results found in this study reflect the ability of databases when worked jointly, providing subsidies for various types of studies and information for planning policies and strategic actions.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Brasil/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros/normas , Distribuição por Idade , Incidência , Sistemas de Informação , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) are alternative strategies for stroke prevention in patients with atherosclerotic carotid disease. CEA has been considered the first-line treatment for carotid stenosis worldwide, and the safety and efficacy of CAS compared to CEA remains in question. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the practice and outcomes of CAS and CEA in a real-world setting within public university hospitals in Brazil. METHODS: This study will be a prospective 5-year analysis of treatment for atherosclerotic carotid stenosis with CEA and CAS performed at 5 centers affiliated with the Vascular Study Group at public university hospitals in Brazil. The indications for the procedures will be determined by each surgeon's individual discretion, in accordance with preoperative risk evaluation. The primary outcome measures will be (1) any in-hospital stroke or death, and (2) any per-procedural stroke, death, or myocardial infarction (MI). Patients undergoing CEA in conjunction with cardiac surgery will be excluded from the study. Multivariate logistic regression will be performed to identify predictors of stroke or death in patients undergoing CEA and CAS. All tests of significance will be performed at the .05 level. This study was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research at the University Hospital of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, and in all other participating institutions linked to National Research System and National Board of Health in Brazil (Process 15695/2011). RESULTS: This study is currently in the recruitment phase, and the final patient is expected to be enrolled by the end of 2018. We hope to recruit approximately 800 patients to the study. Analyses will focus on primary end points for patients that are allocated to each treatment group. During the per-procedural period, the occurrence of the primary end point components (stroke, MI, or death) for CAS and CEA will be analyzed for symptomatic or asymptomatic subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The analyses of the primary endpoints (and all others variables of the study) are expected to be published in 2019 in a peer reviewed journal, and results will be presented at scientific meetings, with summary results published online. This study will obtain new data related to the quality of treatment for carotid disease in Brazil at the primary training centers of future vascular surgeons, but the initial data that will be obtained and published (with the outcomes and complications) are restricted to the first 30 days postprocedure. This time restriction limits the comparison of the results that relate to the main goal of treatment, which is to decrease the risk of stroke over 5 years. The purpose of the study group is to continue the monitoring of patient records, and evaluate the follow-up data in the 5 years following the initial evaluation. This study protocol will contribute very significantly to improving the care of patients with carotid disease, in addition to qualifying the level of assistance provided in public university hospitals in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02538276; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02538276 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6m7APnFLD).
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Resumo O relacionamento probabilístico de registros vem sendo cada vez mais empregado na identificação de desfechos em estudos de coorte. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a acurácia deste método na identificação de óbitos em uma coorte de 450 pacientes admitidos em um hospital universitário por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada, em um período de seis anos. O estado vital dos membros da coorte foi determinado a partir dos registros no prontuário eletrônico dos pacientes (padrão-ouro). O software OpenRecLink foi utilizado para relacionar os registros da coorte com aqueles da base do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade, visando à identificação de óbitos. Apenas 53,6% pacientes apresentavam estado vital conhecido ao final do seguimento e destes 59,3% haviam falecido. O método apresentou sensibilidade de 97,9%, especificidade de 100%, valor preditivo positivo de 100%, valor preditivo negativo de 97% e acurácia de 98,8%. Esses resultados sugerem que o relacionamento probabilístico de registros é uma valiosa ferramenta na identificação de óbitos para estudos de coorte.
Abstract Probabilistic record linkage has been used increasingly to identify outcomes in cohort studies. This study aimed to assess the method's accuracy for identifying deaths in a cohort of 450 patients admitted to a university hospital for decompensated heart failure over a six-year period. Vital status of cohort members was determined from electronic patient file data (gold standard). OpenRecLink software was used to link cohort records with those from the Mortality Information System, aimed at identifying deaths. Only 53.6% of patients had vital status known at the end of follow-up, and 59.3% of these had died. The method showed 97.9% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 97% negative predictive value, and 98.8% accuracy. The results suggest probabilistic record linkage as a valuable tool for identifying deaths in cohort studies.
Resumen La vinculación probabilística de registros es cada vez más empleada para identificar los resultados de los estudios de cohortes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la exactitud de este método en la identificación de las muertes en una cohorte de 450 pacientes ingresados en un hospital universitario por insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada en un período de seis años. El estado vital de integrantes de la cohorte se determinó a partir de los datos en los registros médicos electrónicos de pacientes (patrón oro). El software OpenRecLink fue utilizado para relacionar los registros de la cohorte con los de la base del Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad, dirigido a la identificación de las muertes. Sólo el 53,6% de los pacientes presentaban estado vital conocido al final del seguimiento y de éstos el 59,3% habían muerto. El método tuvo una sensibilidad de un 97,9%, una especificidad de un 100%, valor predictivo positivo de un 100%, valor predictivo negativo de un 97% y exactitud de un 98,8%. Estos resultados sugieren que la vinculación probabilística de registros es una herramienta valiosa para la identificación de las muertes en los estudios de cohortes.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Registro Médico Coordenado/normas , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Registro Médico Coordenado/métodos , Métodos EpidemiológicosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical aspects of cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Brazil. Methods: A descriptive study of cases reported in Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), 2009-2010. Results: As the final classification, we obtained 53,797 (56.79%) reported cases confirmed as a new influenza virus subtype, and 40,926 (43.21%) cases discarded. Fever was the most common sign, recorded in 99.74% of the confirmed and 98.92% of the discarded cases. Among the confirmed cases, the presence of comorbidities was reported in 32.53%, and in 38.29% of the discarded cases. The case fatality rate was 4.04%; 3,267 pregnant women were confirmed positive for influenza A new viral subtype and 2,730 of them were cured. The case fatality rate of pregnant women was 6.88%. Conclusion: The findings suggested concern of the health system with pregnant women, and patients with comorbidities and quality of care may have favored a lower mortality. We recommend that, when caring for patients with severe respiratory symptoms, with comorbidities, or pregnant women, health professionals should consider the need for hospital care, as these factors make up a worse prognosis of infection by the pandemic influenza virus. .
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos clínicos dos casos de influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 no Brasil. Métodos: Foi desenvolvido um estudo descritivo dos casos notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) de 2009 a 2010. Resultados: Obtivemos como classificação final 53.797 (56,79%) casos notificados confirmados como influenza por novo subtipo viral e 40.926 (43,21%) descartados. Febre foi o sinal mais frequente, sendo registrada em 99,74% dos casos confirmados e em 98,92% dos descartados. Entre os confirmados, a presença de comorbidades foi notificada em 32,53% dos casos confirmados e entre 38,29% dos casos descartados. A taxa de letalidade foi de 4,04%. Das 3.267 gestantes confirmadas para influenza por novo subtipo viral, 2.730 evoluíram para cura. A taxa de letalidade de gestantes foi de 6,88%. Conclusão: Os achados sugeriram sensibilidade do sistema de saúde para com gestantes e portadores de comorbidades, e que a qualidade do cuidado pode ter favorecido a uma menor mortalidade. Recomendamos aos profissionais de saúde que, diante de casos de influenza pandêmica que apresentem gravidade do quadro clínico, comorbidades ou que estejam gestantes, seja considerada a assistência hospitalar, pois esses fatores compõem um pior prognóstico do quadro da infecção pelo vírus pandêmico da influenza. .
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Humanos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Inibição de Migração Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Leucoencefalopatia Multifocal Progressiva/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Diante do desafio de formar médicos para o século XXI, em que se pretende uma abordagem integral da pessoa, incluindo seus sentimentos e o contexto que a cerca, este trabalho teve como objetivo validar, para a realidade de uma cidade brasileira, um modelo de registro de atendimento clínico centrado na pessoa, com base numa proposta reconhecida internacionalmente. O documento resultante representa um instrumento que poderá facilitar o aprendizado e a adesão do estudante de Medicina ao método clínico centrado na pessoa, por se tratar de uma sistematização do roteiro para o registro da consulta médica, guiando a entrevista no formato centrado na pessoa. Os autores acreditam que a utilização deste roteiro de registro contribuirá de forma relevante para que os estudantes de Medicina, iniciantes no ofício e mais dependentes de guias de registro, desenvolvam de forma plena, em cenários simulados e reais, as habilidades necessárias ao atendimento clínico centrado na pessoa.
Given the challenge of preparing doctors for the 21st century, striving for a comprehensive approach to the patient, her feelings, background and situation, the aim of this study was to validate a patient-centered care recording model, in view of the reality of a Brazilian city. Following a literature review, Donnelly’s model was selected and the validation was performed according to Malhotra’s method. The resulting recording model represents an instrument that intends to contribute toward improving health care in Brazil and, therefore, enhancing the clinical outcome of the person under care. This could help the learning process and students’ adherence to the patient-centered clinical method due to the documents which clarify and organize the framework for registering the medical appointment and guide the interview towards a patient-centered format. Since medical students and beginner physicians usually depend on recording guides, the authors believe that the use of this recording guide will contribute greatly to the full development of new professionals and their essential skills in patient-centered medical care.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi propor pontos de corte nos escores calculados no processo de linkage probabilístico, para as diversas topografias de câncer. Neste estudo foi utilizada a base de dados do RCBP-SP, composta por 343.306 casos incidentes de câncer do município de São Paulo, registrados no período de 1997 a 2005, com idades que variaram de menos um a 106 anos, de ambos os sexos. Para o linkage probabilístico, realizado no programa Reclink III, foram utilizadas a base de dados do PRO-AIM e APAC-SIA/SUS. Foram calculados os valores da área sob a curva, sensibilidade e especificidade para determinar o ponto de corte do escore de maior precisão na identificação dos pares verdadeiros. Na análise das topografias, verificou-se que o ponto de corte no escore 18 apresentou boa acurácia, com valores de sensibilidade que variaram de 73,7 a 96,7% e de especificidade de 98,5 a 99,4%. Conclui-se que, acima do escore 18 encontravam-se quase a totalidade dos pares verdadeiros, enquanto que abaixo deste, menos de 1% dos registros vinculados eram verdadeiros.
The aim of this study was to propose cut-off points for scores calculated in the probabilistic record linkage process for several cancer topographies. In this study we used the PBCR-SP database composed of 343,306 incident cancer cases from the municipality of São Paulo, registered from 1997 through 2005, aged from less than one to 106 years, of both sexes. PRO-AIM and APAC-SIA/SUS databases were used to probabilistic record linkage using Reclink III software. Area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity values were calculated to determine the cut-off point with the highest accuracy in identifying true matches. In the topography analyses, it was found that the cut-off at score 18 showed good accuracy, with sensitivity ranging from 73.7 to 96.7% and specificity ranging from 98.5 to 99.4%. We concluded that above score 18 nearly all true pairs were found. Whereas, below this cut-off, less than 1% of linked records were true matches.