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BACKGROUND: Participation of children with disabilities is an indicator of social inclusion, health, and well-being, and its evaluation needs to be included in the clinical practice of rehabilitation professionals. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the measurement properties of the Participation and Environment Measure - Children and Youth Brazilian version (PEM-CY Brazil). METHODS: We used the PEM-CY to evaluate participation and environment of children with and without disabilities in the home, school, and community settings. Based on COSMIN guidelines, we analyzed two measurement properties: internal consistency for all domains using Cronbach's alpha; and construct (known-groups) validity, i.e., the degree to which instrument scores identify differences between groups. T-tests, Mann-Whitney, or Chi-square tests compared children with and without disabilities. RESULTS: 101 Brazilian children (mean age=9.31 years) with (n = 62) and without (n = 39) disabilities were included. Internal consistency ranged from appropriate (0.70) to excellent (0.95) for all domains in all settings, except for Resources in the environment of the home setting (0.53). Regarding construct validity, PEM-CY participation scores were significantly different between groups in most domains. Children with disabilities were significantly less involved and participated in a smaller number of activities in all settings, in comparison to those without disabilities. The PEM-CY scores in all settings of the environment were significantly higher in the group of children without disabilities. CONCLUSION: Preliminary support was provided for the internal consistency and construct (known-groups) validity of the PEM-CY Brazil to measure participation and the environment in the Brazilian context. The PEM-CY can therefore be used by rehabilitation professionals in Brazil.

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To improve current data systems for institutional decision-making, the Adult Liver Transplant Registry was established at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina. This article describes its design and implementation and reports on the outcomes for patients transplanted since its January 2020 launch. A multidisciplinary team designed the registry by identifying key variables from a literature review while considering balance between data depth and feasibility. Rigorous quality control measures were enforced, including monthly audits and staff training. Benchmark indicators for post-transplant outcomes were established. As of November 2023, the registry included 136 transplants. Its implementation and maintenance were straightforward, with no significant difficulties encountered. Cirrhosis was the predominant indication (77%) for transplant. Only one living donor transplantation was performed. Post-transplant results generally aligned with benchmarks, but rates of biliary complications slightly exceeded the recommended thresholds. The one-year post-transplant survival rate was 87%. The successful registry implementation provides a robust framework for research, treatment management, and patient care enhancement within a liver transplant unit.

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BACKGROUND: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are tools of increasing interest in the sports population. The purpose of this study was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and reliability analysis of the 4 Domain Sports Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (4 DSP) into Spanish. METHODS: A six-stage cross-cultural adaptation protocol was executed to obtain the Spanish version of the 4 DSP (S-4DSP). Subsequently, the questionnaire was administered to a population of 108 postoperative athletes with ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) injuries. The questionnaire was administered again after 30 days. Acceptability, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and reproducibility (Intraclass Correlation) were evaluated. RESULTS: The S-4DSP was fully completed by 108 participants (mean age 34±10.75, 26% women), achieving 100% acceptability. No floor effect was detected. The statistical analysis yielded a global Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaire of 0.65, and domain-specific alphas of 0.88, 0.72, 0.27, and 0.68 for the first, second, third, and fourth domains, respectively. The Intraclass Correlation test reached a maximum of 0.94 and a minimum of 0.48 for the first and fifth questions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The S-4DSP is a reliable and useful tool for evaluating Spanish-speaking athletes after ACL reconstruction.

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Background: Spanish is the second most spoken language globally with around 475 million native speakers. We aimed to validate a Spanish version of the Obstetric Quality of Recovery-10 item (ObsQoR-10) patient-reported outcome measure. Methods: ObsQoR-10-Spanish was developed using EuroQoL methodology. ObsQoR-10-Spanish was assessed in 100 Spanish-speaking patients undergoing elective Caesarean or vaginal delivery. Patients <38 weeks, undergoing an intrapartum Caesarean delivery, intrauterine death, or maternal admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) were excluded. Validity was assessed by evaluating (i) convergent validity-correlation with 24-h EuroQoL and global health visual analogue scale (GHVAS) scores (0-100); (ii) discriminant validity-difference in ObsQoR-10-Spanish score for patients with GHVAS scores >70 vs <70; (iii) hypothesis testing-correlation of ObsQoR score with maternal and neonatal factors; and (iv) cross-cultural validity assessed using differential item functioning analysis. Reliability was assessed by evaluating: (i) internal consistency; (ii) split-half reliability and (iii) test-retest reliability; and (iv) floor and ceiling effects. Results: One hundred patients were approached, recruited, and completed surveys. Validity: (i) convergent validity: the ObsQoR 24-h score correlated moderately with the 24-h EuroQoL (r=-0.632) and GHVAS scores (r=0.590); (ii) discriminant validity: the ObsQoR-10-Spanish 24-h scores were higher in women who delivered vaginally compared to via Caesarean delivery, (mean [standard deviation] scores were 89 [9] vs 81 [12]; P<0.001). The 24-h ObsQoR-Spanish scores were lower in patients experiencing a poor vs a good recovery (mean [standard deviation] scores were 76 [12.3] vs 87.1 [10.6]; P=0.001); (iii) hypothesis testing: the ObsQoR-10 score correlated negatively with age (r=-0.207) and positively with 5-min (r=0.204) and 10-min (r=0.243) Apgar scores. Remaining correlations were not significant; and (iv) differential item functioning analysis suggested no potential bias among the 10 items. Reliability: (i) internal consistency was good (Cronbach alpha=0.763); (ii) split-half reliability was good (Spearman-Brown prophesy reliability estimate of 0.866); (iii) test-retest reliability was excellent with an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.90; and (iv) floor and ceiling effects: six patients scored a maximum total ObsQoR-10 score. Conclusions: The ObsQoR-10-Spanish patient-reported outcome measure is valid, reliable, and clinically feasible, and should be considered for use in Spanish-speaking women to assess quality of inpatient postpartum recovery.

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Introduction: The interpersonal behavior questionnaire (IBQ) is an instrument that measures support and thwarting interpersonal behaviors based on the self-determination theory (SDT). The aim of this work was to adapt the IBQ to the Spanish spoken in Mexico and to examine its psychometric properties (structural validity, discriminant validity, composite reliability, factorial invariance, and nomological validity) in a sample of athletes. Methods: For this purpose, 472 athletes (average age 17.15 years; SD = 1.47) completed a question booklet. Results and discussion: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure of six related factors, three factors of behaviors that support autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and three factors of behaviors that thwarting them. The internal consistency of each factor was also supported, as well as the average variance extracted. However, the discriminant validity between the factors of competence and relatedness in their dimensions of support, on the one hand, and thwarting, on the other, is questioned. Factorial invariance was confirmed across gender (men and women) and sport type (individual and team). Nomological validity is in accordance with theory and empirical literature. More studies of the IBQ in sport are necessary to see if these results are a fortuitous product or if they manifest themselves consistently.

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BACKGROUND: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are tools of increasing interest in the sports population. The purpose of this study was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and reliability analysis of the 4 Domain Sports Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (4DSP) into Spanish. METHODS: A six-stage cross-cultural adaptation protocol was executed to obtain the Spanish version of the 4DSP (S-4DSP). Subsequently, the questionnaire was administered to a population of 108 postoperative athletes with ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) injuries. The questionnaire was administered again after 30 days. Acceptability, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and reproducibility (Intraclass Correlation) were evaluated. RESULTS: The S-4DSP was fully completed by 108 participants (mean age 34±10.75, 26% women), achieving 100% acceptability. No floor effect was detected. The statistical analysis yielded a global Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaire of 0.65, and domain-specific alphas of 0.88, 0.72, 0.27, and 0.68 for the first, second, third, and fourth domains, respectively. The Intraclass Correlation test reached a maximum of 0.94 and a minimum of 0.48 for the first and fifth questions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The S-4DSP is a reliable and useful tool for evaluating Spanish-speaking athletes after ACL reconstruction.

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Since the COVID-19 pandemic was first reported in 2019, it has rapidly spread around the world. Many countries implemented several measures to try to control the virus spreading. The healthcare system and consequently the general quality of life population in the cities have all been significantly impacted by the Coronavirus pandemic. The different waves of contagious were responsible for the increase in the number of cases that, unfortunately, many times lead to death. In this paper, we aim to characterize the dynamics of the six waves of cases and deaths caused by COVID-19 in Rio de Janeiro city using techniques such as the Poincaré plot, approximate entropy, second-order difference plot, and central tendency measures. Our results reveal that by examining the structure and patterns of the time series, using a set of non-linear techniques we can gain a better understanding of the role of multiple waves of COVID-19, also, we can identify underlying dynamics of disease spreading and extract meaningful information about the dynamical behavior of epidemiological time series. Such findings can help to closely approximate the dynamics of virus spread and obtain a correlation between the different stages of the disease, allowing us to identify and categorize the stages due to different virus variants that are reflected in the time series.

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OBJECTIVE: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a widely used self-report measure of depression whose psychometric properties were found to be merely acceptable. Insufficient attention has been devoted to its clinimetric validity, while its clinical utility is still debated, particularly for assessing depression severity. This is the first study to test the PHQ-9 construct validity and clinical utility based on clinimetric principles. METHODS: An online survey of 3,398 participants was conducted. Item response theory models (Rasch and Mokken analyses) were used to assess the PHQ-9 validity and determine its clinical utility. RESULTS: Fit to the Rasch model was achieved after adjusting the sample size. Items 2, 4, 6, and 9 over-discriminated, while items 1, 5, and 7 under-discriminated. Local dependency between items 2 and 6 was indicated. The PHQ-9 was not unidimensional. A Loevinger's coefficient of 0.49 was found, indicating an acceptable level of scalability. CONCLUSION: The PHQ-9 is an instrument with potential clinical utility as an overall index of depression, mainly for screening purposes. Substantial revision, particularly in the wording of over- and under-discriminating items, is needed.

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Cattle weight development is highly correlated with some body measurements. Based on the relationship between morphometric measurements and body mass, our aim was to develop regression equations to estimate the body weight of Curraleiro Pé-Duro (CPD) cattle to be used in farms that lack access to weighting scales. Data from 1023 animals from four farms on withers height (WH), body length (BL), body score (BS), heart girth (HG), permanent teeth (PT), scrotal perimeter (SP), and live weight were used. The animals were classified into five categories depending on age and/or sex: newborns (NB), calves, weaned animals, cows, and bulls. The best models are GLM with Gamma, Gamma, inverse Gaussian, Gaussian, and Gamma distributions for NB, calves, weaned animals, cows, and bulls, respectively. Predictive modeling for bulls was the best performing overall, with a correlation of 0.97 between the estimated by the model and the obtained with a weighting scale. For NB, calves, weaned animals, and cows, the correlation (r) was 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, and 0.87, respectively. The evaluated models are adequate to be used as a technical solution to estimate weight in a cattle production system.

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BACKGROUND: Stroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Assessing stroke's impact on patients' daily activities and social participation can provide important complementary information to their rehabilitation process. However, no previous study had been conducted on the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) in the stroke population. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the internal consistency, test-retest and inter-rater reliability, convergent validity and floor/ceiling effect of the Brazilian version of the WHODAS 2.0 in individuals after chronic stroke. METHODS: Two examiners interviewed 53 chronic stroke individuals who responded to the Brazilian 36-item version of the WHODAS 2.0 three times to analyze test-retest and inter-rater reliabilities. Floor/ceiling effects were calculated as relative frequencies of the lowest or the highest possible WHODAS 2.0 scores. Participants also responded to the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS 3.0) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) to analyze convergent validity. RESULTS: The internal consistency analyses for domains of WHODAS showed a strong correlation among the items of each domain (0.76-0.91) except for the "getting along" domain, which presented a moderate correlation (ρ = 0,62). Total scores of WHODAS 2.0 showed satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.93), good inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.85), excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.92) and no significant floor/ceiling effect. Convergent validity indicated moderate to strong correlations (ρ=-0.51 to ρ=-0.88; p < 0.001), with the highest values associated with the correlation with the SIS scale. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version of the WHODAS 2.0 instrument presented evidence of reliability and validity for chronic post-stroke individuals.

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Abstract Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 is one of the main defoliating species in the soybean crop. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, is a bacterium used in the biological control of this pest species. Resistant populations and their sublethal effects caused by the use of the bacteria have already been reported; however, there are no studies on phenotypic plasticity in adulthood exposed to Bt-based bioinsecticide sub-doses. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometry of A. gemmatalis adults under laboratory conditions submitted to the Bt-based bioinsecticide Dipel® over the three generations. The body segments mensuread were width, length, and area of the anterior and posterior wings, the weight of the integument, chest, abdomen, wings, and the whole adult of males and females. Among the treatments, LC5 in the first generation and LC10 in the second generation were those with lower thresholds in relation to the weight of the chest and abdomen, considering the proportions of the body smaller than the females. The females weight adulthood was reduced by 10% about males, and, only in the first generation. Males have larger body size and more pronounced phenotypic plasticity than females. Here, we demonstrate the first study assessing the phenotypic plasticity of A. gemmatalis adults.

Resumo Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 é uma das principais espécies desfolhadoras da cultura da soja. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, é uma bactéria utilizada no controle biológico dessa espécie de praga. Populações resistentes e seus efeitos subletais causados pelo uso da bactéria já foram relatados, no entanto, não há estudos sobre a plasticidade fenotípica na idade adulta exposta a subdoses de bioinseticida à base de Bt. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a morfometria de adultos de A. gemmatalis em condições de laboratório submetidos ao bioinseticida Dipel® ao longo de três gerações. Os segmentos corporais mensuráveis eram largura, comprimento e área das asas anterior e posterior, o peso do tegumento, tórax, abdômen, asas e todo o adulto de machos e fêmeas. Dentre os tratamentos, CL5 na primeira geração e CL10 na segunda geração foram aqueles com limiares mais baixos em relação ao peso do tórax e abdômen, considerando as proporções do corpo menores que as do sexo feminino. O peso da fêmea na idade adulta foi reduzido em 10% em relação aos machos e, apenas na primeira geração. Os machos têm tamanho corporal maior e plasticidade fenotípica mais pronunciada do que as fêmeas. Este estudo demonstra o primeiro estudo avaliando a plasticidade fenotípica de adultos de A. gemmatalis.

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Objective: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a widely used self-report measure of depression whose psychometric properties were found to be merely acceptable. Insufficient attention has been devoted to its clinimetric validity, while its clinical utility is still debated, particularly for assessing depression severity. This is the first study to test the PHQ-9 construct validity and clinical utility based on clinimetric principles. Methods: An online survey of 3,398 participants was conducted. Item response theory models (Rasch and Mokken analyses) were used to assess the PHQ-9 validity and determine its clinical utility. Results: Fit to the Rasch model was achieved after adjusting the sample size. Items 2, 4, 6, and 9 over-discriminated, while items 1, 5, and 7 under-discriminated. Local dependency between items 2 and 6 was indicated. The PHQ-9 was not unidimensional. A Loevinger's coefficient of 0.49 was found, indicating an acceptable level of scalability. Conclusion: The PHQ-9 is an instrument with potential clinical utility as an overall index of depression, mainly for screening purposes. Substantial revision, particularly in the wording of over- and under-discriminating items, is needed.

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Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 is one of the main defoliating species in the soybean crop. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, is a bacterium used in the biological control of this pest species. Resistant populations and their sublethal effects caused by the use of the bacteria have already been reported; however, there are no studies on phenotypic plasticity in adulthood exposed to Bt-based bioinsecticide sub-doses. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometry of A. gemmatalis adults under laboratory conditions submitted to the Bt-based bioinsecticide Dipel® over the three generations. The body segments mensuread were width, length, and area of the anterior and posterior wings, the weight of the integument, chest, abdomen, wings, and the whole adult of males and females. Among the treatments, LC5 in the first generation and LC10 in the second generation were those with lower thresholds in relation to the weight of the chest and abdomen, considering the proportions of the body smaller than the females. The female's weight adulthood was reduced by 10% about males, and, only in the first generation. Males have larger body size and more pronounced phenotypic plasticity than females. Here, we demonstrate the first study assessing the phenotypic plasticity of A. gemmatalis adults.

Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 é uma das principais espécies desfolhadoras da cultura da soja. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, é uma bactéria utilizada no controle biológico dessa espécie de praga. Populações resistentes e seus efeitos subletais causados pelo uso da bactéria já foram relatados, no entanto, não há estudos sobre a plasticidade fenotípica na idade adulta exposta a subdoses de bioinseticida à base de Bt. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a morfometria de adultos de A. gemmatalis em condições de laboratório submetidos ao bioinseticida Dipel® ao longo de três gerações. Os segmentos corporais mensuráveis eram largura, comprimento e área das asas anterior e posterior, o peso do tegumento, tórax, abdômen, asas e todo o adulto de machos e fêmeas. Dentre os tratamentos, CL5 na primeira geração e CL10 na segunda geração foram aqueles com limiares mais baixos em relação ao peso do tórax e abdômen, considerando as proporções do corpo menores que as do sexo feminino. O peso da fêmea na idade adulta foi reduzido em 10% em relação aos machos e, apenas na primeira geração. Os machos têm tamanho corporal maior e plasticidade fenotípica mais pronunciada do que as fêmeas. Este estudo demonstra o primeiro estudo avaliando a plasticidade fenotípica de adultos de A. gemmatalis.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The High Activity Arthroplasty Score (HAAS) is a self-administered questionnaire, developed in British English, that reliably and validly measures the levels of sports activities in patients following hip and knee arthroplasty surgery. OBJECTIVE: To cross-culturally adapt the HAAS to Brazilian Portuguese language. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a public university hospital in Brazil. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the HAAS was created through a six-step process: translation, synthesis, committee review, pretesting, back-translation, and submission to developers. The translation step was conducted by two independent bilingual translators, both native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The back-translation was performed by an independent translator, a native speaker of British English. To ensure the questionnaire's comprehensibility, 46 volunteers (51% men; average age 34-63) participated in the pre-testing step. RESULTS: The cross-cultural adaptation process necessitated modifications to certain terms and expressions to achieve cultural equivalence with the original HAAS. CONCLUSION: The HAAS has been translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapted for Brazil. The validation process for HAAS-Brazil is currently underway.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In Intensive Care Units (ICU), patients are exposed to multiple procedures that can be painful, and health professionals are not always aware of the pain in these patients. Inadequate pain assessment and management, in turn, has been associated with several adverse outcomes, including an increased rate of infection, prolonged mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic disturbances, delirium, and compromised immunity. Thus, this study aimed to summarize the scientific evidence about the incidence and impacts of pain in critically ill patients. CONTENTS: A systematic review of observational studies (Pubmed and EMBASE databases) was performed with predetermined eligibility criteria. In the 32 studies included, it was identified that 10.1% to 61% of patients had pain at rest and 27.4% to 94% during procedures. In addition, there was evidence of improvement in patient outcomes after using validated instruments for pain measurement, including decreased length of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, mortality, delirium, adverse events, and disease severity. CONCLUSION: Through the present study, it was observed that pain is a common phenomenon in ICU and that its identification and management constitute a realistic goal and depend on the evaluation. Furthermore, pain appears to be associated with worse clinical outcomes. Therefore, efforts must be made to provide comprehensive care for critically ill patients, aiming not only at their survival, but also at alleviating their suffering.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) os pacientes são expostos a múltiplos procedimentos que podem ser dolorosos, e nem sempre os profissionais de saúde estão alertas para a dor nesses pacientes. A avaliação e o manejo inadequado da dor, por sua vez, têm sido associados a uma série de resultados adversos, incluindo aumento da taxa de infecção, ventilação mecânica prolongada, distúrbios hemodinâmicos, delírio e imunidade comprometida. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo sumarizar as evidências científicas acerca da incidência e dos impactos da dor em pacientes críticos. CONTEÚDO: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais (bases de dados Pubmed e EMBASE) com critérios de elegibilidade predeterminados. Nos 32 estudos incluídos, foi identificado que de 10,1% a 61% dos pacientes apresentaram dor em repouso, e de 27,4% a 94% apresentaram dor durante os procedimentos. Além disso, houve evidências de melhora nos resultados dos pacientes após o uso de instrumentos validados para a mensuração da dor, incluindo diminuição do tempo de permanência na UTI, duração da ventilação mecânica, mortalidade, delírio, eventos adversos e gravidade da doença. CONCLUSÃO: Através do presente estudo foi observado que a dor representa um fenômeno comum nas UTI e que a sua identificação e manejo constitui uma meta realista e dependente da avaliação. Além disso, a dor parece estar associada a piores desfechos clínicos. Sendo assim, deve-se voltar esforços para o cuidado integral ao paciente crítico, objetivando não só sua sobrevivência, mas também o alívio do seu sofrimento.

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In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the neurotrophic compound Cerebrolysin on executive, cognitive, and functional performance in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with a highly severe disability level. A total of 44 patients were included in the study, with 33 patients in the control group and 11 patients in the interventional group who received intravenous infusions of 30 mL Cerebrolysin. Both groups received standard rehabilitation therapy following the rehabilitation protocol for patients with TBI at Hospital Clínico Mutual de Seguridad. Functional and cognitive scales were evaluated at baseline, at four months, and at the endpoint of the intervention therapy at seven months (on average). The results revealed a significant improvement in the Cerebrolysin-treated group compared to the control group. Specifically, patients who received Cerebrolysin showed a moderate residual disability and a significant reduction in the need for care. Concerning the promising results and considering the limitations of the retrospective study design, we suggest that randomized controlled studies be initiated to corroborate the positive findings for Cerebrolysin in patients with moderate to severe brain trauma.

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PURPOSE: The present study aims to translate, adapt and validate a Spanish version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Joint Replacement (KOOS, JR), including a reliability and validity analysis in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: This study conducted a prospective validation study following the six stages of the "Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures". Psychometric testing was conducted in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Subjects answered the Spanish KOOS, JR (S-KOOS, JR) and a validated Spanish Oxford Knee Score (S-OKS). Retest was conducted at 10 days. Acceptability, floor and ceiling effect, internal consistency (Cronbach's α), reproducibility (mixed-effect model coefficient [MEMC]) and construct validity (Spearman's correlation; p = 0.05) were assessed. RESULTS: Forty-one patients (mean age: 65.6 ± 5.39; 48.8% female) participated in the study. All patients (100%) answered both scores during the first assessment and 38 (92.7%) during the second assessment. All patient-reported outcomes measures were answered completely (100%). The S-KOOS, JR resulted in 100% acceptability when answered. There were no ceiling or floor effects detected. The Cronbach's α for the S-KOOS, JR was 0.927 and its MEMC was 0.852 (CI 95% 0.636-1.078). The Spearman's correlation between the S-KOOS, JR and the S-OKS was 0.711 (CI 0.345-0.608; p < 0.001) and 0.870 (CI 0.444-0.651; p < 0.001) for the first and second assessments, respectively. CONCLUSION: The S-KOOS, JR has very high internal consistency and reproducibility, with a high correlation with the S-OKS; it is a reliable and valid instrument for characterising Spanish-speaking patients suffering from knee OA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

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A joint probability formalism for quantum games with noise is proposed, inspired by the formalism of non-factorizable probabilities that connects the joint probabilities to quantum games with noise. Using this connection, we show that the joint probabilities are non-factorizable; thus, noise does not generically destroy entanglement. This formalism was applied to the Prisoner's Dilemma, the Chicken Game, and the Battle of the Sexes, where noise is coupled through a single parameter µ. We find that for all the games except for the Battle of the Sexes, the Nash inequalities are maintained up to a threshold value of the noise. Beyond the threshold value, the inequalities no longer hold for quantum and classical strategies. For the Battle of the sexes, the Nash inequalities always hold, no matter the noise strength. This is due to the symmetry and anti-symmetry of the parameters that determine the joint probabilities for that game. Finally, we propose a new correlation measure for the games with classical and quantum strategies, where we obtain that the incorporation of noise, when we have quantum strategies, does not affect entanglement, but classical strategies result in behavior that approximates quantum games with quantum strategies without the need to saturate the system with the maximum value of noise. In this manner, these correlations can be understood as entanglement for our game approach.

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Objetivo: explorar la validez convergente y discriminante del maslach burnout Inventory human services survey (MBI-HSS) y del Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (CESQT) en población mexicana. Método: Se evaluaron 483 profesores de 100 escuelas de educación básica (primarias y secundarias) de la Ciudad de México. Se utilizó el CESQT validado en México por Gil-Monte, Unda y Sandoval (2009) y el MBI-HSS validado en población mexicana por Placencia et al. (2013), ambos son escalas likert que presentaron una confiabilidad aceptable. En el análisis de datos se realizó una matriz multirasgo-multimétodo (MRMM), que es un enfoque desarrollado por Campbell y Fiske (1959) para analizar la validez convergente y divergente. Resultados: En la MRMM se presentaron correlaciones significativas, positivas y diferentes a cero entre los mismos rasgos medidos por diferente método, Ilusión por el trabajo y realización personal (r=0,40**) desgaste psíquico y cansancio emocional (r=0,87**), e Indolencia y Despersonalización (r=0,52**) lo cual supone validez convergente, además, se pueden observar que todas las Alfas de Cronbach son aceptables salvo la de Despersonalización (subescala del MBI). El MBI-HSS presenta recurrentemente Alfas de Cronbach inferiores a 70 % en la subescala de despersonalización, en especial en población no angloparlante. Conclusión: Conforme a los resultados del presente estudio y las dificultades psicométricas presentadas por el MBI-HSS, se concluye que el CESQT es el instrumento recomendado para la evaluación del Burnout en población mexicana.

Objective: to explore the convergent and discriminant validity of the maslach burnout inventory human services survey (MBI-HSS) and the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) in Mexican population. Method: 483 teachers from 100 basic education schools (primary and secondary) were evaluated in Mexico City. The mexican validated SBI by Gil-Monte, Unda and Sandoval (2009) and MBI-HSS validated in Mexican population by Placencia et al. (2013) were implemented, both are Likert scales that showed acceptable reliability. In the data analysis, a Multi-treat-Multi-method matrix (MTMM) was performed, which is an approach developed by Campbell and Fiske (1959) to analyze convergent and divergent validity. Results: MTMM showed significant positive and non-zero correlations between the same traits measured by different method, enthusiasm toward the job and personal accomplishment (r = 0,40 **) psychic exhaustion and emotional exhaustion (r = 0,87 **), and indolence and depersonalization (r = 0,52 **) which supposes convergent validity, in addition, it can be observed that all cronbach's alphas are acceptable except for depersonalization (subscale of MBI). The MBI-HSS recurrently presents cronbach's alphas lower than 0,70 on the depersonalization subscale, especially in non-English-speaking population. Conclusion: According to the results of this study and the psychometric difficulties presented by the MBI-HSS, the SBI is the recommended instrument for the evaluation of Burnout in the Mexican population.

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OBJECTIVES: To investigate home-based gait speed performance for men and women stratified by age group and its associations with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. METHODS: Data from the 2nd wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2019-2021) were used. Gait speed was tested twice at home over 3.0 meters at usual pace. Associations of sociodemographic and anthropometric variables with gait speed were evaluated using gamma regression. RESULTS: Median gait speed value reduced with increasing age in both sexes [men: 0.70 m/s (50-59 years) to 0.53 m/s (≥80 years); women: 0.68 m/s (50-59 years) to 0.48 m/s (≥80 years)] and was significantly lower in women than men in the age groups of 60-69 and 70-79 years. Age group and education among men and age group, education, and waist circumference among women were significantly associated with gait speed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings may be helpful as reference values to identify mobility limitation among older Brazilians.

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