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The phenomenon of world aging is not foreign to indigenous communities. In the last few years, research about these communities around the world has increased, but aging in indigenous towns still has not been studied widely. The purpose of this research is to interpret the meaning of old age in two indigenous communities from the Colombian Andean-Amazon region (the Inga and Kamëntsa) to reinforce the relevance of the local sociocultural context within the configuration of the meaning of old age and to emphasize the importance of considering particular regional characteristics for the design of policies and interventions aiming to recognize and integrate indigenous populations. This is a qualitative study with an interactionism-symbolism approach. In total, six indigenous people older than 60 years from two ancestral communities from the Colombian Andean-Amazon region participated in the in-depth interviews. Data analysis was carried out in three moments: discovery, coding, and relativization of the information. The results show that old age means wisdom, "I am wise," which is supported in the cosmology and the trajectory of life, reinforces the identity and autonomy, and allows them to be agents in the dynamics of their communities from the "I do," in other words, their roles as builders of the family-society and as guards of ancestral knowledge. The loss of this knowledge and the elements that it is composed of uproot them and put them at risk of disappearing as individuals and as a collective. In conclusion, the meaning of old age in these communities is not centered on a determinate age; you are not old, you are wise, and as such, they play a central role in their communities. Moreover, wisdom is built in parallel with their cosmology and assigns them the task of safekeeping ancestral knowledge. In order to do this, they use oral tradition as a tool, words that are born in their territories, travel in a nonlinear timeline, and get strengthened by the community while also protecting it and building it. Knowing what aging means for Indigenous communities can facilitate to the development of policies and initiatives and to provide culturally appropriate and effective programs.

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Research on meaning in life typically emphasizes the psychological aspects of quality of life, neglecting broader dimensions. Additionally, its relevance to the COVID-19 context remains limited. This study investigated the relationship of meaning in life with quality of life and sociodemographic factors related to COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. A total of 4133 Brazilian adults completed Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), WHOQOL-BREF, WHOQOL-SRPB BREF, and sociodemographic information. Our results indicated a positive correlation between the presence of meaning and quality of life dimensions, with psychological health exhibiting the strongest relationship. We found a lower presence of meaning among individuals experiencing heightened social isolation, while vaccinated individuals exhibited a greater presence of meaning. Additionally, non-working participants reported lower presence and higher search for meaning than employed individuals, with frontline workers showing the highest search for meaning. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

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This essay aims to discuss the meaning and purpose of work by adopting an approach in cultural psychology that emphasizes the centrality of the meaning-making process. The central thesis of the paper is to demonstrate that the meaning and purpose of work is a paradox. On the one hand, work represents a set of actions of the human agent for producing things. That is to say, the purpose of work is located outside of it. On the other hand, work is an activity in itself, carried out as a way of developing human potentialities. In this case, the purpose of the actions performed at work coincides with the result of working (developing human potentialities). The paradox arises because, in current work conditions, the unity of human agency represented by these two dimensions of work is fragmented, meaning that not all forms of work permit the convergence among purposes, actions, and the results of these actions. We analyze how some cultural markers, which are products of the process of meaning-making of the human agent in culture, suggest dealing with this paradox. We explore its limits and propose the need for new cultural markers capable of reaffirming the integrality of the human agent at work.

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This study aimed to describe the perception of the meaning of life and coping strategies of 19 patients with cancer at a public hospital in Brazil. This is descriptive and qualitative research that used Amedeo Giorgi's phenomenological model, and the interpretation was performed in light of Viktor Frankl's theory. Two themes have emerged: (1) the perception of the meaning of life in the experience with cancer and (2) religious coping to fight the disease. This study showed that revealing the meaning of life in the cancer experience contributes to better treatment compliance, a more favorable view of the future and better quality of life. On the other hand, religious coping is the strategy most used by patients who believe in God, showing a greater state of psychological and spiritual well-being.

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There is robust evidence to support the relationship between spirituality and mental health, but the mechanisms of this association are not well-understood. The existential meaning provided by spirituality may be one of these mechanisms. This was the central theme of Viktor Frankl's psychology, which he explained using the notion of the spiritual unconscious. Thus, we sought to explain how Frankl understands this spiritual unconscious and the two pieces of evidence he presents for its existence: the phenomenological description of responsible action and the analysis of dreams. Lastly, we discuss his contribution to the current understanding of the relationship between having an overarching purpose and/or religious meaning and improvement in mental health.

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Resumo: A versão de sentido foi desenvolvida há mais de vinte anos como instrumento de registro e reflexão na prática psicoterápica. Trata-se de um modo breve de registrar a experiência essencial de uma sessão, diferentemente do costumeiro e longo relatório. Desde a sua origem, o uso da versão de sentido tem se espalhado por várias regiões do Brasil, tanto na clínica quanto na academia. Esta revisão integrativa tem como objetivo verificar a evolução do conceito de versão de sentido desde a sua concepção até os dias atuais e em quais contextos é utilizada. Os 29 trabalhos selecionados revelam que a versão de sentido vem sendo usada em diversos contextos, com uma variedade de procedimentos e caracterizações que, no entanto, não eliminam a intenção comum de facilitar o acesso ao sentido vivido pelos participantes do encontro.

Abstract: The "expression of meaning" was developed over twenty years ago as an instrument of register and reflection in psychotherapeutic practice. It is brief way to register the essential experience of a session, unlike the usual and long session notes. Since its origin, the use of expression of meaning has spread to several regions of Brazil, both in clinical work and in the academia. This integrative review aims to verify the evolution of the concept of expression of meaning since its conception to the present day and in what contexts it is used. The 29 selected works reveal that expression of meaning has been used in several contexts, with a variety of procedures and characterizations that, however, do not eliminate their common intent of facilitating access to the participant's lived meaning of an event.

Résumé : La « version du sens ¼ a été développée il y a plus de 20 ans comme instrument d'enregistrement et de réflexion sur la pratique psychothérapeutique. Il s'agit d'une manière brève d'enregistrer l'expérience essentielle d'une session par rapport au long compte rendu habituel. Depuis sa création, l'usage de l'instrument s'est répandue dans plusieurs régions du Brésil à la fois en clinique et en recherche. Cet article est une revue intégrative des œuvres qui utilisent ou discutent de la version du sens depuis sa conception, décrivant comment et pourquoi elle a été utilisée, pour mettre à jour sa conceptualisation et clarifier sa signification. Les 29 travaux sélectionnés révèlent que l'instrument a été utilisée dans plusieurs contextes, avec de procédures et de caractérisations variées qui, cependant, n'éliminent pas l'intention commune de faciliter l'accès au sens vécu par les patients.

Resumen: La versión de sentido se desarrolló hace más de veinte años como instrumento de registro y reflexión en la práctica psicoterápica. Se trata de un modo breve de registrar la experiencia esencial de una sesión, a diferencia del habitual y largo informe. Desde su origen, el uso de la versión de sentido se ha extendido por varias regiones de Brasil tanto en la clínica como en la academia. Esta revisión integradora tiene como objetivo determinar la evolución de la versión de sentido desde su origen hasta el día de hoy y los contextos en los cuales ha sido utilizada. Los 29 trabajos seleccionados revelan que esta herramienta es utilizada en diversos contextos, con una variedad de procedimientos y caracterizaciones que, sin embargo, no eliminan la intención común de facilitar el acceso al sentido vivido por los participantes del encuentro.

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Resumen Se busca describir el bienestar psicológico en profesores que enseñan hatha yoga; el estudio corresponde a un diseño fenomenológico. Los participantes fueron 10 profesores, 6 mujeres y 4 varones entre 21 y 58 años con residencia en la ciudad de Lima, Perú, quienes respondieron a una entrevista semiestructurada. La investigación empleó un análisis de contenido y los resultados se alinean a la teoría del bienestar psicológico a partir de la experiencia de instructores de hatha yoga. Los miembros del estudio indican que el hatha yoga los invita a sentir más control sobre sus vidas, que los permite involucrarse más en su trabajo cotidiano y que ayudó a encontrar en ellas y ellos un sentido de la vida. Además, mencionan que el efecto más destacado de su práctica es el alivio del dolor de origen psicosomático, lo que ayuda como complemento a la psicoterapia. Por último, se analizan las implicancias de los hallazgos.

Abstract The research describe the psychological well-being in teachers who instruct hatha yoga and the study corresponds to a phenomenological design. The participants were 10 teachers, 6 women and 4 men between 21 and 58 years of age residing in the city of Lima - Peru, who responded to a semi-structured interview. The investigation used a content analysis and the results are aligned with the theory of psychological well-being based on the experience of the hatha yoga instructors. The members of the study indicate that yoga invites them to feel more control over their lives, that it allows them to become more involved in their daily work and tells that hatha yoga helped them to find meaning in life. Also, they mention that the most outstanding effect of their practice is the confort of pain in psychosomatic origin, which helps as a complement to the psychotherapy. Finally, the implications of the findings are discussed.

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BACKGROUND: According to a phenomenology of contemporary religion, the analysis of religious experiences finds that they are part of an individual's search for something powerful that overcomes him seeking not only a need, but the meaning of all existence. The present study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the religious experiences of people living with cancer in palliative care (PC) and fill gaps in access to experience, with regard to how it was properly lived. METHODS: A qualitative, phenomenological, cross-sectional study was conducted with 14 people living with cancer undergoing PC at two outpatient clinics of a public hospital. The experiences were accessed through in-depth interviews and the results were analysed according to the principles of classical phenomenology. RESULTS: The patients confidently surrendered to the divine, attributing to it the power of continuity of life or not, which sustained them and launched them into horizons of hope, directing them to possibilities of achieving meaning in life, which it fed back their faith and to continue living, opening them up to an intense perception of the value of life. CONCLUSIONS: The religious positions of confident surrender to the divine, to his will and a belief in his intervention, regardless of the outcome, opened possibilities to patients for the belief in the continuity of life by the power of faith. This position allowed the patients in this study to visualize achievements in the present and in the future, opening a horizon of hope, meaning and value of living. This study showed how this elements are presented and sustained, providing subsidies to health professionals seeking to provide more holistic care.

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La flexibilización y precarización estructural del trabajo han llevado, entre otros trabajadores, a un grupo de profesionistas de la psicología a identificar en el autoempleo una forma viable para desempeñarse en la actualidad. Esta experiencia ha representado para ellos una actividad performática que los reta a reinventarse continuamente para adaptarse a los cambios del mercado laboral y que trasforma los sentidos y significados que atribuyen al autoempleo. Con el objetivo de conocer y comprender esos sentidos y significados atribuidos al autoempleo, por medio de un estudio cualitativo de las narrativas y asociaciones de tres psicólogas y un psicólogo autoempleados en México se realizó este estudio. Los resultados develan las experiencias de autoempleo como articulación entre nuevas libertades y dependencias, que significan el trabajo para las y los participantes y desmitifican algunas retóricas del autoempleo. Concluimos que es urgente que las políticas laborales y educativas correspondan a estas realidades actuales del ejercicio libre de las profesiones, no sólo de la psicología.

The flexibilization and structural precariousness of work have led, among other workers, a group of psychology professionals to identify self-employment as a viable way of working in today's world. This experience has represented for them a performative activity, challenging them to reinvent continually themselves in order to adapt to changes in the labor market and transforming the sense and meanings they attribute to self-employment. With the objective to know and understand the sense and meaning attributed to work, the narratives and associations of four self-employed psychologists in Mexico were analyzed through a qualitative study. The results disclose the experiences of self-employment as an articulation between new freedoms and dependencies, which signify work for the participants and demystify some self-employment rhetoric. There is an urgent need for labor and educational policies to adjust to the actual realities of free professionals' practice, not only in the field of psychology.

A flexibilidade e a precariedade estrutural do trabalho levaram, entre outros trabalhadores, um grupo de profissionais da psicologia a identificar no trabalho autônomo uma forma viável de atuar na atualidade. Esta experiência tem representado para eles uma atividade de desempenho que os desafia a reinventar-se continuamente para se adaptar às mudanças do mercado de trabalho e que transforma os sentidos e significados que atribuem ao trabalho por conta própria. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de conhecer e compreender esses sentidos e significados atribuídos ao trabalho autônomo, através de um estudo qualitativo das narrativas e associações de três psicólogos e psicólogos autônomos no México. Os resultados revelam as vivências do trabalho autônomo como articulação entre novas liberdades e dependências, que significam trabalho para os participantes e desmistificam algumas retóricas do trabalho autônomo. Concluímos que é urgente que as políticas laborais e educativas correspondam a estas realidades atuais do livre exercício das profissões, não só da psicologia.

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Resumen El Sentido del Humor (SH) es considerado un fenómeno universal, pero al mismo tiempo culturalmente específico pues cada grupo posee particularidades que modulan la forma en la éste se percibe y conceptualiza. Aunque el trabajo empírico en torno al fenómeno es amplio, éste se ha centrado en la creación de escalas que miden estilos particulares de humor o ciertos dominios humorísticos, dejando de lado el interés por explorar lo más fundamental, es decir, las percepciones y significados generales del humor. Dado lo anterior, el presente trabajo tuvo por objetivos: 1) explorar el significado atribuido al SH por hombres y mujeres, 2) desarrollar un instrumento válido y confiable para adultos mexicanos, 3) examinar la invarianza de la medición de dicho instrumento en función del sexo de los participantes e 4) identificar posibles diferencias entre hombres y mujeres al respecto de los factores de la medida validada. Los resultados mostraron la obtención de tres categorías que son congruentes con los factores obtenidos en la escala diseñada. En cuanto a sus características resultó una escala válida y confiable, que mostró equivalencia entre los sexos.

Abstract The Sense of Humor (SH) is considered a universal phenomenon, but at the same time culturally specific, since each group has particularities that modulate the way in which it is perceived and conceptualized. Although the empirical work around the phenomenon is extensive, it has focused on the creation of scales that measure styles of humor or certain humorous domains, leaving aside the interest in exploring what is most fundamental, that is, the general perceptions and meanings of humor. humor. Given the above, the present work had the objectives: 1) to explore the meaning attributed to SH by men and women, 2) to develop a valid and reliable instrument for Mexican adults, 3) to examine the invariance of the measurement of said instrument based on the gender and 4) identify possible differences between genders regarding the factors of the validated measure. The results showed the obtaining of three categories that are consistent with the factors obtained in the designed scale. Regarding its characteristics, it was a valid and reliable scale, which showed equivalence between genders.

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Latinos frequently assume caregiver roles when the need arises in their social nucleus. Because of their active role, caregivers are heavily involved in their family member's cancer trajectory. Therefore, there is a need for culturally adapted interventions that integrate the caregiver and cancer patient. The objective is to present a case study of a former caregiver's experience and acceptance of the cultural adaptation of Caregiver-Patient Support to Latinx Coping with Advanced Cancer (CASA) intervention. We conducted a case study with a male caregiver between the ages of 20 and 30. A male caregiver expressed his experience and acceptance of a psychosocial intervention. He conveyed moderate to high acceptance of intervention components through anecdotes and opinions based on his experiences as a caregiver for multiple family members. Finally, he reported distress, but he presented little to no symptoms of caregiver burden, depression, anxiety, and hopelessness. It is crucial to culturally adapt interventions that integrate caregivers when they play a big part in their loved one's cancer journey. Integrating their perspective when adapting an intervention may assist in providing essential information that will benefit the patient and caregiver.

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Patients living with HIV who do not adhere to antiretroviral treatment (ART) have a high viral load, increasing the risk of developing AIDS, as well as new treatment-resistant strains. There are several psychological factors that must be studied to understand the reasons for non-adherence to ART. We studied whether the goals reported by patients with HIV, as well as their sense of meaning in life, influence ART adherence in a sample of adult patients attending HIV outpatient care in Mexico. Participants completed the Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Assessment Questionnaire, the Dimensional Scale of Meaning in Life and were asked to write both short-term and long-term goals. The most frequent goals reported were those categorized as "personal development," followed by "being healthy." Participants with the highest adherence had more short-term "personal development" goals. Moreover, they showed the lowest levels of existential vacuum (lack of meaning in life). These variables predicted treatment adherence. We conclude that the design of programs to improve ART adherence should promote the establishment of personal development goals and offer tools that allow having a sense of meaning in life to reduce AIDS-related complications.

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O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo identificar e compreender os significados de cuidado elaborados por mulheres cuidadoras de crianças usuárias de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij), durante a pandemia de Covid-19. A pesquisa etnográfica, realizada entre novembro de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021, baseou-se em entrevistas semiestruturadas de cinco mulheres cuidadoras: duas avós e três mães. Respeitando as orientações de isolamento social, essas entrevistas foram realizadas por telefone. Para essas mulheres, "cuidar é preciso", "cuidar é mudar de vida" e "cuidar é manter uma rotina", mesmo no contexto pandêmico, pois elas seguem cuidando. O cuidado necessário e profundamente arraigado nas práticas cotidianas dessas mulheres evidencia a condição de vulnerabilidade social em que se encontram como cuidadoras mulheres, em um lugar marcado por desigualdades em relação aos homens.(AU)

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue identificar y comprender los significados de cuidado elaborados por mujeres cuidadoras de niños usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial infanto-juvenil (CAPSij) durante la pandemia de Covid-19. La investigación etnográfica, realizada entre noviembre de 2020 y febrero de 2021, se basó en entrevistas semiestructuradas de 5 mujeres cuidadoras, dos abuelas y tres madres. Respetando las orientaciones de aislamiento social, dichas entrevistas se realizaron por teléfono. Para esas mujeres "cuidar es necesario", "cuidar es cambiar de vida" y "cuidar es mantener una rutina", incluso en el contexto pandémico, puesto que ellas siguen cuidando. El cuidado necesario y profundamente enraizado en las prácticas cotidianas de esas mujeres pone en evidencia la condición de vulnerabilidad social en que se encuentran como cuidadoras mujeres, en un lugar marcado por desigualdades en relación con los hombres.(AU)

This paper presents the results of a study intended to identify and understand the meanings assigned to caregiving by women taking care of children assisted at a Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSij) during the Covid-19 pandemic. The ethnographic research was based on semi-structured interviews with five female caregivers: two grandmothers and three mothers. The interviews were held through telephone calls, complying with social isolation measures implemented at the time. These women considered that "providing care is necessary," "providing care is life-changing," and "providing care means maintaining a routine" and kept providing care even during the pandemic. These women's caregiving role is deeply rooted in everyday practices, highlighting their socially vulnerable condition as female caregivers, characterized by inequalities compared to men.(AU)

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In this paper, I analyze General Psychopathology, the seminal psychopathological work of the philosopher and psychiatrist Karl Jaspers, from a dialectical perspective, showing how it can contribute to contemporary psychiatry. Dialectical interpretations of this work are still scarce and generally address the part of the work in which Jaspers makes direct reference to dialectics. Instead, I expose the implicit dialectic by which the overall form of the work is organized. I take the "psychology of meaning" as an example for this dialectical account. I suggest two consequences of this dialectical account of the "psychology of meaning" for psychopathology, which I call intrisec ambiguity and epistemic particularism. Finally, I conclude by pointing out how both notions help shed some epistemological and pragmatic light on the discipline of psychiatry, in a sustained state of crisis.

Neste trabalho, analiso a Psicopatologia Geral, o trabalho psicopatológico seminal do filósofo e psiquiatra Karl Jaspers, por uma perspectiva dialética, mostrando como esta pode contribuir para a psiquiatria contemporânea. As interpretações dialéticas deste trabalho ainda são escassas e geralmente abordam a parte do trabalho na qual Jaspers faz referência direta à dialética. Em vez disso, exponho a dialética implícita pela qual a forma geral do trabalho é organizada. Tomo a "psicologia compreensiva" como um exemplo para este relato dialético. Sugiro duas conseqüências dessa apreensão dialética da "psicologia compreensiva" para a psicopatologia, que denomino ambiguidade intrínseca e particularismo epistêmico. Finalmente, concluo apontando de que modo ambas as noções ajudam a lançar alguma luz epistemológica e pragmática sobre a disciplina da psiquiatria, em contínuo estado de crise.

Dans cet article, j'analyse la Psychopathologie générale, l'ouvrage psychopathologique fondamental du philosophe et psychiatre Karl Jaspers, d'un point de vue dialectique, en montrant comment il peut contribuer à la psychiatrie contemporaine. Les interprétations dialectiques de cet ouvrage sont encore rares et portent généralement sur la partie de l'ouvrage dans laquelle Jaspers fait directement référence à la dialectique. En revanche, j'expose la dialectique implicite par laquelle la forme générale de l'ouvrage est organisée. Je prends la "psychologie compréhensive" comme exemple pour ce compte-rendu dialectique. Je suggère deux conséquences de cette appréhension dialectique de la "psychologie compréhensive" pour la psychopathologie, que je qualifie d'ambiguïté intrinsèque et de particularisme épistémique. Enfin, je conclus en montrant comment ces deux notions permettent d'éclairer d'un point de vue épistémologique et pragmatique la discipline psychiatrique, qui est en état de crise continue.

En este artículo analizo la Psicopatología General, la obra psicopatológica seminal del filósofo y psiquiatra Karl Jaspers, desde una perspectiva dialéctica, mostrando cómo puede contribuir a la psiquiatría contemporánea. Las interpretaciones dialécticas de esta obra son todavía escasas y suelen abordar la parte de la obra en la que Jaspers hace referencia directa a la dialéctica. En cambio, yo expongo la dialéctica implícita mediante la cual se organiza la forma general de la obra. Tomo la "psicología comprensiva" como ejemplo de este relato dialéctico. Sugiero dos consecuencias de esta aprehensión dialéctica de la "psicología comprensiva" para la psicopatología, que denomino ambigüedad intrínseca y particularismo epistémico. Finalmente, concluyo señalando cómo ambas nociones contribuyen a arrojar alguna luz epistemológica y pragmática sobre la disciplina de la psiquiatría, que se encuentra en contínuo estado de crisis.

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ABSTRACT The feeling that life has meaning or purpose is essential for human beings. Absence of meaning can lead to an existential vacuum. Purpose in life, akin to meaning in life, derives from the humanistic psychology theory of Frankl, and they are considered synonymous. Other scholars, however, regard the two constructs as distinct. The objective of the review was to map both concepts in the gerontological literature, examining how they manifest in aging. The review of the databases was carried out between January 2019 and March 2020. Thirty articles were included. In the context of aging, results were conflicting. The literature review yielded evidence to affirm that meaning and purpose in life are distinct concepts, despite sharing the same existential-philosophical roots.

RESUMO O sentimento de que a vida tem sentido ou propósito é essencial ao ser humano. A ausência de sentido pode levar a um vácuo existencial. Propósito de vida, a exemplo de sentido, também deriva da psicologia humanística de Frankl, sendo considerados sinônimos. No entanto, há estudos que propõem distinção entre os dois construtos. A revisão tem por objetivos mapear ambos os conceitos na literatura gerontológica, examinando-os à luz do envelhecimento. O levantamento nas bases de dados foi realizado de janeiro de 2019 a março de 2020. Foram incluídos 30 artigos. No contexto do envelhecimento, os resultados foram controversos. A literatura revista apresentou evidências para afirmar que sentido de vida e propósito são conceitos distintos, apesar da origem filosófico-existencialista comum.

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A pesquisa apresentada neste artigo identificou significações atribuídas por estudantes do ensino fundamental ao processo de reforço escolar. A partir da perspectiva teórica da Psicologia Sócio-histórica, conceitos fundamentais da constituição psicológica da criança no período escolar foram elencados. Com o referencial teórico foi criado um roteiro de entrevista, aplicado a estudantes de escolas particulares de São Paulo, sendo que este artigo traz uma das análises realizadas, com foco em um estudante. As respostas dos estudantes geraram uma análise qualitativa, utilizando o referencial teórico dos Núcleos de Significação, procedimento de análise elaborado por Aguiar e Ozella. A análise da entrevista de Caio trouxe significações a respeito do aluno que precisa de reforço escolar como sinônimo de "mau aluno", contribuindo para a adoção de mecanismos de defesa por Caio, alimentados por sentimentos de exclusão, monotonia e cansaço com o ambiente escolar. A partir das informações encontradas, os adultos envolvidos com a criança podem reestruturar e orientar de forma diferente o processo de reforço escolar, visando à diminuição ou eliminação dos sentimentos de exclusão e desvalorização que o processo pode gerar. (AU)

The research presented in this article identified meanings attributed by elementary school students to the process of school tutoring. From the theoretical perspective of Socio-Historical Psychology, fundamental concepts of the psychological constitution of the child in the school period were listed. With the theoretical reference, an interview script was created, applied to students from private schools in São Paulo, and this article brings one of the analyses carried out with a student. The students' answers generated a qualitative analysis, using the theoretical reference of the Nuclei of Meaning core, an analysis procedure developed by Aguiar and Ozella. The analysis of Caio's interview brought up meanings about the student who needs tutoring as a synonym of "bad student", contributing to the adoption of defense mechanisms by Caio, fed by feelings of exclusion, monotony and tiredness with the school environment. From the information found, the adults involved with the child can restructure and orient the process of school tutoring in a different way, aiming at reducing or eliminating the feelings of exclusion and devaluation that the process can generate. (AU)

La investigación presentada en este artículo identificó significaciones atribuidas por estudiantes de la enseñanza fundamental al proceso de refuerzo escolar. A partir de la perspectiva teórica de la Psicología Socio-Histórica conceptos fundamentales de la constitución psicológica del niño en el período escolar fueron enumerados. Con la referencia teórica, se creó un guión de entrevista, aplicado a estudiantes de escuelas públicas de São Paulo, y este artículo trae uno de los análisis realizados, con um estudiante. Las respuestas de los alumnos generaron un análisis cualitativo, utilizando el marco teórico de los Núcleos de Significado, un procedimiento de análisis desarrollado por Aguiar y Ozella. El análisis de la entrevista de Caio aportó significados sobre el alumno que necesita refuerzo escolar como sinónimo de "mal alumno", contribuyendo a la adopción de mecanismos de defensa por parte de Caio, alimentados por sentimientos de exclusión, monotonía y cansancio con el ambiente escolar. A partir de las informaciones encontradas los adultos involucrados con el niño pueden reestructurar y orientar de forma diferente el proceso de refuerzo escolar, buscando la disminución o eliminación de los sentimientos de exclusión y devaluación que el proceso puede generar. (AU)

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O artigo enfoca a confluência dos princípios fundamentais que norteiam a física quântica e a psicologia analítica. Destaca a questão de estarmos habituados a lidar com as aplicações práticas decorrentes de ambas as abordagens e a dificuldade de integrarmos suas implicações no que concerne a nossa visão de mundo. Compreende a experiência da sincronicidade como sendo a experiência humana da interconexão quântica e elabora a questão do sentido envolvida nessa vivência, a percepção de fazermos parte integrante de uma ordem mais ampla, a vivência paradoxal da unicidade e do cósmico.

The article focuses on the confluence of the fundamental principles that guide quantum physics and analytical psychology. Of note is the question of dealing with the practical issues arising from both approaches and the difficulty of integrating their implications in terms of our worldview. The experience of synchronicity is understood as being the human experience of quantum interconnection, and the article expounds on the question of meaning involved in this experience, the perception of being an integral part of a broader order, and the paradoxical experience of uniqueness and the cosmic.

El artículo se centra en la confluencia de los principios fundamentales que orientan la física cuántica y la psicología analítica. Destaca la cuestión de que estamos habituados a tratar con las aplicaciones prácticas derivadas de ambos abordajes y la dificultad que tenemos de integrar sus implicancias en lo que concierne a nuestra visión del mundo. Comprende la experiencia de la sincronicidad como la experiencia humana de interconexión cuántica y elabora la cuestión del sentido intrínseca en esa vivencia, la percepción de formar parte integrante de un orden más amplio, la vivencia paradojal de la unicidad y de lo cósmico.

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Com o isolamento social adotado como medida sanitária durante a pandemia de COVID-19, foi instituído o ensino remoto como medida alternativa à educação em todo o território nacional. Frente a tal dinâmica, novos desafios e (im)possibilidades foram postas, trazendo a necessidade de se repensar as relações escolares, o papel do professor e suas condições de trabalho. Utilizando a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, buscou-se compreender as significações dos professores da rede pública frente às experiências pedagógicas durante o ensino remoto através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados indicam que as experiências docentes estiveram associadas a sentimentos de angústia e impotência frente ao ensino remoto e a incertezas do futuro. Concluímos que o período de pandemia gerou impacto nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem, em sua dinâmica pedagógica e relacional, intensificando sentimentos de ansiedade e medo dos professores em relação às suas condições de trabalho.

With social isolation adopted as a health measure during the COVID-19 pandemic, remote teaching was instituted as an alternative measure to education throughout the national territory. Faced with such dynamics, new challenges and (im)possibilities were posed, bringing the need to rethink school relationships, the role of the teacher and their working conditions. Using Historical-Cultural Psychology, we sought to understand the meanings of public school teachers regarding pedagogical experiences during remote teaching through semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that the teaching experiences were associated with feelings of anguish and impotence in the face of remote teaching and the uncertainties of the future. We conclude that the pandemic period had an impact on the teaching-learning process in its pedagogical and relational dynamics, intensifying feelings of anxiety and fear in the perception of teachers regarding working conditions.

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O cyberbullying é um fenômeno presente em todo o mundo, com incalculáveis consequências para a vida dos envolvidos. Considerando que os estudos interculturais sobre o cyberbullying realizados com os países lusófo-nos se limitam a investigações que envolvem participan-tes do Brasil e Portugal, se evidencia a necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento e investigar as perspectivas de adolescentes em outros contextos. Deste modo, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de investigar os significados, experiências e repercussões do cyberbullyingem um grupo de adolescentes do Brasil e de Angola. Um total de 50 adolescentes participaram do estudo, sendo 23 brasileiros e 27 angolanos, com idades entre 11 e 17 anos (m= 13.58 anos; dp= 1.56), majoritariamente do sexo feminino (Brasil = 52.2 %; Angola = 55.6 %), do 6º ao 12° ano de escolaridade. Para a coleta de dados utilizamos entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas e a análise de conteúdo através de uma abordagem mista (categorizações dedutiva e indutiva) foi realizada para analisar os dados. Os resultados revelaram que, embora se verifiquem divergências e similaridades no que diz respeito às três perspectivas estudadas, os adolescentes de ambos os contextos atribuem significados ao cyberbu-llying que remetem a uma perspectiva comportamental e de causalidade do fenômeno. Além disso, os brasilei-ros apresentaram porcentagens mais elevadas em termos de experiências. De modo adicional, os participantes de ambos os contextos consideraram que as consequên-cias do cyberbullying são mais presentes na vida das vítimas (esfera escolar, social, psicológica-emocional e psiquiátrica). Os resultados são discutidos lançando luz sobre o caminho ainda por trilhar nesta temática atual e abrindo perspectivas para novas interrogações.

Cyberbullying is a phenomenon present across the globe, with incalculable consequences for the lives of those involved. Considering that intercultural cyberbullying studies conducted in Portuguese-speaking countries are limited to investigations involving participants from Brazil and Portugal, the need to expand this knowledge and investigate the perspectives of adolescents in other contexts is evident. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the meanings, experiences, and repercus-sions of cyberbullying in a group of adolescents from Brazil and Angola. A total of 50 adolescents participated in the study, 23 Brazilians and 27 Angolans, aged 11 to 17 years (m= 13.58 years; sd = 1.56), mostly female (Brazil = 52.2 %; Angola = 55.6 %), from the sixth to the twelfth grade. For data collection, we used semi-structured individual interviews and content analysis through a mixed approach (deductive and inductive categorizations) was performed to analyze the data. Results revealed that, although there are divergences and similarities regarding the perspectives studied, adolescents from both contexts attribute meanings to cyberbullying that refer to behavioral and causal pers-pectives of the phenomenon. Moreover, Brazilians presented higher percentages in terms of experiences. Additionally, participants from both contexts con-sidered that the consequences of cyberbullying are more present in the lives of the victims (school, social, psychological-emotional, and psychiatric spheres). Re-sults are discussed, shedding light on the path still to be traveled regarding this current topic and opening perspectives for new questions.

El ciberacoso es un fenómeno presente en todo el mundo, con consecuencias incalculables para la vida de los implicados. Teniendo en cuenta que los estudios interculturales sobre el ciberacoso realizados con países hablantes de la lengua portuguesa se limitan a investigaciones con participantes de Brasil y Portugal, es necesario ampliar el conocimiento e investigar las perspectivas de los adolescentes en otros contextos. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los significados, experiencias y repercusiones del ciberacoso en un grupo de adolescentes de Brasil y Angola. Participaron 50 adolescentes, 23 brasileños y 27 angoleños, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 17 años (m = 13.58 años; dt = 1.56), mayoritariamente de género femenino (Brasil = 52.2 %; Angola = 55.6 %), del 6º al 12º año de escolaridad. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas y el análisis de con-tenido mediante un enfoque mixto (categorizaciones deductivas e inductivas), llevado a cabo para analizar los datos. Los resultados revelaron que, aunque existen divergencias y similitudes en relación con las tres perspectivas estudiadas, los adolescentes de ambos contextos atribuyen al ciberacoso significados que hacen referencia a una perspectiva conductual y a la causalidad del fenómeno. Además, los brasileños presentaron porcentajes más altos en cuanto a experiencias. Así mismo, los participantes de ambos contextos consideraron que las consecuencias del ciberacoso están más presentes en la vida de las víctimas (ámbito escolar, social, psicológico-emocional y psiquiátrico). Los hallazgos se discuten arrojando luz sobre el camino que queda por recorrer en este tema actual y abriendo perspectivas a nuevos interrogantes.

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BACKGROUND: The study of the meaning of life is essential since it plays a protective role in the mental health of university students. However, no studies have shown the adequate psychometric functioning of the MLQ in Latin American university students. For this reason, this research aims to evaluate the internal structure using CTT models, obtain evidence of validity based on the relationship with other variables, perform factorial invariance according to gender, and estimate the reliability of the MLQ. METHODS: A sample of 581 Peruvian undergraduate students of both sexes (29.5% men and 70.5% women) between the ages of 18 and 35 (M = 22.6; SD = 3.3) was collected. Along with the MLQ, other instruments were applied to measure satisfaction with life (SWLS), subjective well-being (WBI), and depression (PHQ-9). RESULTS: In the present study was evidenced that the model of two related factors of nine items presents better adjustment indices (RMSEA = .075; SRMR = .059; CFI = .97; TLI = .96) compared to other models. Also, it was shown that the factorial structure of the MLQ is strictly invariant for the group of men and women. It was also shown that the presence of meaning was positively related to satisfaction with life (.63) and well-being (.60) and negatively to depression (- .56). In contrast, the search for meaning was not significantly related to life satisfaction (- .05) and well-being (- .07); but yes, to depression (.19). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the MLQ from the perspective of CTT has shown adequate evidence of reliability and validity. Therefore, it could be used in future studies and evaluation and intervention processes. In addition, the study provides the first evidence of the psychometric functioning of the scale in university students from Latin America.

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