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Over the last forty years an indeterminate number of persons, ranging from thousands to tens of thousands, have died along the US-Mexico border during migration, fleeing poverty, armed conflict, situations of violence, and disasters. An accurate accounting of migrant deaths along the southern US border is the first step toward an understanding of the extent and the contributing factors of these deaths. In this article, we describe a key aspect of our collaborative work aimed at developing a more representative account of migrant mortality along the southwestern US border: the determination of criteria for inclusion of specific forensic cases as "migrant." Our intention is not to propose a definition of "what is a migrant death" applicable to all contexts and situations but rather one specific to the US-Mexico border region. Our main impetus is to build and launch a web portal to track and map migrant deaths at the US-Mexico border. The criteria we have identified are based on an examination of death data collected by various agencies in the four border states (California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas) and at the federal level by the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUs). They include a) context of human remains discovery; b) identification media/documentation; c) geographic setting; and d) personal effects. Taken together, these criteria will facilitate our determination, case by case, of the probability that human remains found along the United States side of the border may be from a person in the context of migration.
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Migrantes , Humanos , México , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Mortalidade , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Nanotechnology has brought about significant progress through the use of goods based on nanomaterials. However, concerns remain about the accumulation of these materials in the environment and their potential toxicity to living organisms. Plants have the ability to take in nanomaterials (NMs), which can cause changes in their physiology and morphology. On the other hand, nanoparticles (NPs) have been used to increase plant development and control pests in agriculture by including them into agrochemicals. The challenges of the interaction, internalization, and accumulation of NMs within plant tissues are enormous, mainly because of the various characteristics of NMs and the absence of reliable analytical tools. As our knowledge of the interactions between NMs and plant cells expands, we are able to create novel NMs that are tailored, targeted, and designed to be safe, thus minimizing the environmental consequences of nanomaterials. This review provides a thorough examination and comparison of the main microscopy techniques, spectroscopic methods, and far-field super-resolution methodologies used to examine nanomaterials within the cell walls of plants.
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Nanopartículas , Plantas , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanotecnologia/métodosRESUMO
Sous vide meat is an emerging food category, the consumption of which has increased owing to greater convenience, sensory traits, elderly consumers acceptance, and low-cost cuts use. However, required prolonged thermal treatment to achieve desired tenderness, impact energy-consumption besides triggering lipid oxidation, undesired off-flavors, and cooked meat profiles. Using a response surface methodology (RSM), this study evaluated the effects of the vegetal proteolytic papain (0 to 20 mg/kg) and low-temperature sous vide cooking (SVC) time (1 to 8 h at 65°C) in low-value marinated M. semitendinosus beefsteaks on technological characteristics associated with tenderness, and lipid oxidation. Additionally, the sensory profile traits of the pre-selected treatments were described using check-all-that-apply (CATA) and preference mapping. Shear force (WBsSF) was reduced with greater papain addition, whereas higher cooking losses (CL) were observed with longer SVC cooking times. Both the released total collagen and TBARS values increased with increasing papain concentrations and SVC times. Combining high levels of papain (>10 mg/kg) and SVC time (>6 h) resulted in lower WBsSF values (<20 N) but higher CL (>27%) and the CATA descriptors "aftertaste" and "mushy." The optimized conditions (14 mg/kg papain; 2 h SVC) also reduced WBsSF values (<26 N) with lower CL (<20%) and were most preferred and described as "juicy" and "tender" by consumers. Observed results suggest that combined mild SVC and papain may potentiate tenderness, conjointly favor juiciness and oxidation, further representing a promising tool for reducing SVC time without compromising valued sous vide sensory traits.
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Culinária , Papaína , Paladar , Culinária/métodos , Animais , Bovinos , Humanos , Carne Vermelha/análise , Masculino , Carne/análise , FemininoRESUMO
This study examines the structural and geographical changes in Chile's dairy cattle systems from 1997 to 2021, using data from agricultural censuses. It focuses on variables like animal stocks, herd sizes, pasture utilization, and stocking rates, analyzed through descriptive statistics, multivariable analysis, and geographical mapping. The findings show a significant decrease in dairy farms (-69%) and dairy cattle stocks (-25.4%), with regional disparities: southern farms increased in importance while central farms declined. There is a trend towards intensification, with higher stocking rates and larger herd sizes. Grassland utilization shifted, with a decrease in natural pastures and an increase in improved and sown pastures. The study identifies four typological groups based on stocking rates, dimensions, and pasture use, reflecting distinct evolutionary paths influenced by climate change, land use, economic dynamics, and technology. Geographical analyses highlight regional variations. This research provides insights into the dynamics of Chile's dairy farming sector and its sustainability challenges and opportunities amidst changing environmental and socioeconomic conditions.
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Tailings dams' breaks are environmental disasters with direct and intense degradation of soil. This study analyzed the impacts of B1 tailings dam rupture occurred in the Ribeirão Ferro-Carvão watershed (Brumadinho, Brazil) in January 25, 2019. Soil organic carbon (SOC) approached environmental degradation. The analysis encompassed wetlands (high-SOC pools) located in the so-called Zones of Decreasing Destructive Capacity (DCZ5 to DCZ1) defined along the Ferro-Carvão's stream bed and banks after the disaster. Remote sensed water indices were extracted from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite images spanning the 2017-2021 period and used to distinguish the wetlands from other land covers. The annual SOC was extracted from the MapBiomas repository inside and outside the DCZs in the same period, and assessed in the field in 2023. Before the dam collapse, the DCZs maintained stable levels of SOC, while afterwards they decreased substantially reaching minimum values in 2023. The reductions were abrupt: for example, in the DCZ3 the decrease was from 51.28 ton/ha in 2017 to 4.19 ton/ha in 2023. Besides, the SOC increased from DCZs located near to DCZs located farther from the dam site, a result attributed to differences in the percentages of clay and silt in the tailings, which also increased in the same direction. The Ferro-Carvão stream watershed as whole also experienced a slight reduction in the average SOC levels after the dam collapse, from nearly 43 ton/ha in 2017 to 38 ton/ha in 2021. This result was attributed to land use changes related with the management of tailings, namely opening of accesses to remove them from the stream valley, creation of spaces for temporary deposits, among others. Overall, the study highlighted the footprints of tailings dams' accidents on SOC, which affect not only the areas impacted with the mudflow but systemically the surrounding watersheds. This is noteworthy.
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This study presents comprehensive insights into the microbiological profile across all concentrated chicken broth processing stages, utilizing a combination of amplicon sequencing based on metataxonomic and culturing techniques. Samples were systematically collected throughout the production chain, with each batch yielding 10 samples per day across eight different dates. These samples underwent thorough analysis, including 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing (n = 30), culture-dependent microbiological tests (n = 40), and physical-chemical characterization (n = 10). Culturing analysis revealed the absence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. at any stage of processing, counts of various microorganisms such as molds, yeasts, Enterobacteria, and others remained below detection limits. Notably, spore counts of selected bacterial groups were observed post-processing, indicating the persistence of certain species, including Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens, albeit in low counts. Furthermore, the study identified a diverse array of bacterial and fungal species throughout the processing chain, with notable occurrence of spore-forming bacteria. The presence of spore-forming bacteria in the final product, despite thermal processing, suggests the need for enhanced strategies to mitigate their introduction and persistence in the processing premises. Thus, this study offers valuable insights into microbial dynamics and diversity through processing concentrated chicken broth.
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Bactérias , Galinhas , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Fungos , Galinhas/microbiologia , Fungos/classificação , Fungos/genética , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Meios de Cultura/químicaRESUMO
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is a disease of high severity and incidence in Brazil, in addition to being a worldwide concern in public health. Leishmania amazonensis is one of the etiological agents of ATL, and the inefficiency of control measures, associated with the high toxicity of the treatment and the lack of effective immunoprophylactic strategies, makes the development of vaccines indispensable and imminent. In this light, the present study proposes to elaborate a chimeric protein (rChiP), based on the fusion of multiple epitopes of CD4+/CD8+ T cells, identified in the immunoproteome of the parasites L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. The designed chimeric protein was tested in the L. amazonensis murine model of infection using the following formulations: 25 µg of the rChiP in saline (rChiP group) and 25 µg of the rChiP plus 25 µg of MPLA-PHAD® (rChiP+MPLA group). After completing immunization, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, stimulated with SLa-Antigen or rChiP, showed an increased production of nitric oxide and intracytoplasmic pro-inflammatory cytokines, in addition to the generation of central and effector memory T cells. rChiP and rChiP+MPLA formulations were able to promote an effective protection against L. amazonensis infection determined by a reduction in the development of skin lesions and lower parasitic burden. Reduction in the development of skin lesions and lower parasitic burden in the vaccinated groups were associated with an increase of nitrite, CD4+/CD8+IFN-γ+TNF-α+ and CD4+/CD8+CD44highCD62Lhigh/low T cells, IgGTotal, IgG2a, and lower rates of IgG1 and CD4+/CD8+IL-10+. This data suggests that proposed formulations could be considered potential tools to prevent ATL.
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Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Epitopos de Linfócito T , Memória Imunológica , Vacinas contra Leishmaniose , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Animais , Leishmaniose Cutânea/prevenção & controle , Leishmaniose Cutânea/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Epitopos de Linfócito T/imunologia , Camundongos , Vacinas contra Leishmaniose/imunologia , Feminino , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Leishmania braziliensis/imunologia , Lipídeo A/análogos & derivados , Lipídeo A/imunologia , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citocinas/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To study the complications and effectiveness of the treatment of chronic arrhythmias with cardiac Ganglion Plexus (GP) ablation, and to explore the value of the treatment of chronic arrhythmias with GP ablation. METHODS: This study was a one-arm interventional study of patients from the first hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and the People's Hospital of Xuancheng City admitted (09/2018-08/2021) because of bradyarrhythmia. The left atrium was modeled using the Carto3 mapping system. The ablation endpoint was the absence of a vagal response under anatomically localized and high-frequency stimulation guidance. Postoperative routine follow-up was conducted. Holter data at 3-, 6-, and 12-months were recorded. RESULTS: Fifty patients (25 male, mean age 33.16 ± 7.89 years) were induced vagal response by either LSGP, LIGP, RAGP, or RIGP. The heart rate was stable at 76 bpm, SNRT 1.092s. DC, DR, HR, SDNN, RMSSD values were lower than that before ablation. AC, SSR, TH values were higher than those before ablation, mean heart rate and the slowest heart rate were significantly increased. There were significant differences in follow-up data between the preoperative and postoperative periods (all p < 0.05). All the patients were successfully ablated, and their blood pressure decreased significantly. No complications such as vascular damage, vascular embolism and pericardial effusion occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Left Atrial GP ablation has good long-term clinical results and can be used as a treatment option for patients with bradyarrhythmia.
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Bradicardia , Ablação por Cateter , Gânglios Autônomos , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Gânglios Autônomos/cirurgia , Bradicardia/etiologia , Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Átrios do Coração/fisiopatologia , Eletrocardiografia AmbulatorialRESUMO
Monitoring forest canopies is vital for ecological studies, particularly for assessing epiphytes in rain forest ecosystems. Traditional methods for studying epiphytes, such as climbing trees and building observation structures, are labor, cost intensive and risky. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a valuable tool in this domain, offering botanists a safer and more cost-effective means to collect data. This study leverages AI-assisted techniques to enhance the identification and mapping of epiphytes using UAV imagery. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of AI-assisted methods compared to traditional approaches in segmenting/identifying epiphytes from UAV images collected in a reserve forest in Costa Rica. Specifically, the study investigates whether Deep Learning (DL) models can accurately identify epiphytes during complex backgrounds, even with a limited dataset of varying image quality. Systematically, this study compares three traditional image segmentation methods Auto Cluster, Watershed, and Level Set with two DL-based segmentation networks: the UNet and the Vision Transformer-based TransUNet. Results obtained from this study indicate that traditional methods struggle with the complexity of vegetation backgrounds and variability in target characteristics. Epiphyte identification results were quantitatively evaluated using the Jaccard score. Among traditional methods, Watershed scored 0.10, Auto Cluster 0.13, and Level Set failed to identify the target. In contrast, AI-assisted models performed better, with UNet scoring 0.60 and TransUNet 0.65. These results highlight the potential of DL approaches to improve the accuracy and efficiency of epiphyte identification and mapping, advancing ecological research and conservation.
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Dispositivos Aéreos não Tripulados , Costa Rica , Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Aprendizado Profundo , Inteligência Artificial , Florestas , Plantas , Floresta Úmida , ÁrvoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study investigates myocardial structural changes in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) strain and T1 mapping. METHODS: A total of 155 stable CAD patients underwent CMR examination, including left ventricular (LV) morphology and function assessment, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and feature tracking (CMR-FT) for LV global longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain. T1 mapping with extracellular volume (ECV) evaluation was also performed. RESULTS: Among the enrolled patients, 67 had T2D. Diabetic patients exhibited impaired LV strain and higher ECV compared to non-diabetics. Multivariate analysis identified T2D as an independent predictor of increased ECV and decreased strain. CONCLUSIONS: CMR-based strain and T1 mapping highlighted impaired myocardial contractility, elevated ECV, and potential interstitial fibrosis in diabetic patients with stable CAD. This suggests a significant impact of diabetes on myocardial health beyond CAD, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive assessment in these individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN09454308.
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In this paper, I examine the embodied transformative memory of GuateMaya feminist group, GuateMaya Mujeres Resistiendo-Los Angeles (GMR-LA). Through a decolonial feminist perspective and feminist ethnographic approach, I built an intimate relationship with the grassroot group in Los Angeles. GMR-LA comprises Guatemala's 36-year (1960-1996) war survivors and women in the diaspora who continue to amplify the cultural memory of the disappeared. The article will delve into the concept of healing cartographies and the ethnographic work I employed in Los Angeles from 2019 to 2023. A particular method I used was body mapping to examine the embodied transformative memory of the groups and women who seek justice. Body mapping has been used with HIV-positive patients and migrant children. Latin American feminist decolonial geographers (Cabnal, 2010; Zaragocin and Caretta 2020; GeoBrujas, 2021b) are using the method of body mapping as a decolonial, counter-cartographic perspective that highlights Indigenous peoples' lived experiences. I use the method to explore the relationships between the body, memory, and healing from intergenerational trauma. Informed by decolonial feminists, I aim to center the oral and embodied testimonios of the GuateMaya feminist group and be guided by a body-mind-spirit perspective to amplify the concerns, visions, and futures of GuateMaya feminist groups across the hemisphere.
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Feminismo , Relação entre Gerações , Humanos , Feminino , Guatemala , Colonialismo , Los Angeles , Antropologia Cultural/métodos , Sobreviventes/psicologiaRESUMO
The frontal aslant tract (FAT) connects the supplementary motor area (SMA) with the pars opercularis. Its role in language and its implications in glioma surgery remain under discussion. We present an anatomosurgical study of three cases with surgical resolution. Three patients with gliomas in the left frontal lobe were operated on using an awake patient protocol with cortical and subcortical mapping techniques, conducting motor and language evaluations. Tractography was performed using DSI Studio software. All three patients showed intraoperative language inhibition through subcortical stimulation of the FAT. Resection involving the FAT correlated with language deficits in all cases and movement initiation deficits in two cases. All patients recovered from their deficits at six months postoperatively. In conclusion, the tract has been successfully reconstructed, showing both anatomical and functional complexity, supporting the idea of its mapping and preservation in glioma surgery. Future interdisciplinary studies are necessary to determine the transient or permanent nature of the deficits.
El tracto oblicuo frontal (TOF) conecta el área motora suplementaria (AMS) con la pars opercularis. Su rol en el lenguaje y su implicancia en la cirugía de gliomas siguen en discusión. Presentamos un estudio anatomoquirúrgico de tres casos con resolución quirúrgica. Se operaron tres pacientes con gliomas en el lóbulo frontal izquierdo utilizando protocolo de paciente despierto con técnicas de mapeo cortical y subcortical realizando evaluación motora y del lenguaje. Las tractografías fueron realizadas con el software DSI Studio. Los tres pacientes presentaron inhibición intraoperatoria del lenguaje mediante la estimulación subcortical de TOF. La resección en contacto con el TOF se correlacionó con déficits del lenguaje en todos los casos y en dos casos déficits en la iniciación del movimiento. Todos los pacientes recuperaron su déficit a los seis meses postoperatorios. En conclusión, se ha logrado reconstruir al tracto. Éste presenta una complejidad anatómica y funcional, que apoya la idea de su mapeo y preservación en la cirugía de gliomas. Futuros estudios interdisciplinarios son necesarios para determinar el carácter transitorio o permanente de los déficits.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Lobo Frontal , Glioma , Humanos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Glioma/cirurgia , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Glioma/patologia , Masculino , Lobo Frontal/cirurgia , Lobo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Adulto , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Córtex Motor/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Motor/cirurgia , Córtex Motor/anatomia & histologia , Imagem de Tensor de DifusãoRESUMO
Astroviruses are highly divergent and infect a wide variety of animal hosts. In 2009, a genetically divergent human astrovirus (HAstV) strain VA1 was first identified in an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis. This strain has also been associated with fatal central nervous system disease. In this work, we report the isolation of three high-affinity neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (Nt-MAbs) targeting the capsid spike domain of HAstV-VA1. These antibodies (7C8, 2A2, 3D8) were used to select individual HAstV-VA1 mutants resistant to their neutralizing activity and a HAstV-VA1 triple mutant that escapes neutralization from all three Nt-MAbs. Sequencing of the virus genome capsid region revealed escape mutations that map to the surface of the capsid spike domain, define three potentially independent neutralization epitopes, and help delineate four antigenic sites in human astroviruses. Notably, two of the escape mutations were found to be present in the spike sequence of the HAstV-VA1-PS strain isolated from an immunodeficient patient with encephalitis, suggesting that those mutations arose as a result of the immune pressure generated by the patient's immunotherapy. In agreement with this observation, human serum samples exhibiting strong neutralization activity against wild-type HAstV-VA1 had a 2.6-fold reduction in neutralization titer when evaluated against the triple-escape HAstV-VA1 mutant, suggesting that both mouse and human antibody responses target shared neutralization epitopes. The isolated Nt-MAbs reported in this work will help to characterize the functional domains of the virus during cell entry and have the potential for developing a specific antibody therapy for the neurological disease associated with HAstV-VA1. IMPORTANCE: Human astroviruses (HAstVs) have been historically associated with acute gastroenteritis. However, the genetically divergent HAstV-VA1 strain has been associated with central nervous system disease. In this work high-affinity neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed to HAstV-VA1 were isolated and characterized. The proposed binding sites for these antibodies and for neutralizing antibodies against classical HAstVs suggest that there are at least four neutralization sites on the capsid spike of astroviruses. Our data show that natural infection with human astrovirus VA1 elicits a robust humoral immune response that targets the same antigenic sites recognized by the mouse monoclonal antibodies and strongly suggests the emergence of a variant HAstV-VA1 virus in an immunodeficient patient with prolonged astrovirus infection. The isolated Nt-MAb reported in this work will help to define the functional sites of the virus involved in cell entry and hold promise for developing a specific antibody therapy for the neurological disease associated with HAstV-VA1.
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Anticorpos Monoclonais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Epitopos , Humanos , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Camundongos , Epitopos/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Proteínas do Capsídeo/imunologia , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Mamastrovirus/imunologia , Mamastrovirus/genética , Mutação , Infecções por Astroviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Astroviridae/virologia , Testes de NeutralizaçãoRESUMO
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) play a pivotal role in regenerative therapies. Recent studies show that factors secreted by MSC can replicate their biological activity, driving the emergence of cell-free therapy, likely to surpass stem cell therapy. Patents are an objective measure of R&D and innovation activities, and patent mapping allows us to verify the state of the art and technology, anticipate trends, and identify emerging lines of research. This review performed a search on Derwent World Patents Index™ and retrieved 269 patent families related to the MSC-derived cell-free products. Analysis reveals an exponential increase in patents from the mid-2010s, primarily focusing on exosomes. The patent's contents offer a great diversity of applications and associated technologies by using the products as medicinal agents or drug delivery systems. Nevertheless, numerous application branches remain unexplored, suggesting vast potential for cell-free technologies alone or combined with other approaches.
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Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Patentes como Assunto , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Humanos , Exossomos , Sistema Livre de Células , Medicina Regenerativa/métodos , AnimaisRESUMO
Introduction: The coconut tree crop (Cocos nucifera L.) provides vital resources for millions of people worldwide. Coconut germplasm is largely classified into 'Tall' (Typica) and 'Dwarf' (Nana) types. While Tall coconuts are outcrossing, stress tolerant, and late flowering, Dwarf coconuts are inbred and flower early with a high rate of bunch emission. Precocity determines the earlier production of a plantation and facilitates management and harvest. Methods: A unique outbred F2 population was used, generated by intercrossing F1 hybrids between Brazilian Green Dwarf from Jiqui (BGDJ) and West African Tall (WAT) cultivars. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers fixed for alternative alleles in the two varieties, segregating in an F2 configuration, were used to build a high-density linkage map with ~3,000 SNPs, anchored to the existing chromosome-level genome assemblies, and a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analysis was carried out. Results: The linkage map established the chromosome numbering correspondence between the two reference genome versions and the relationship between recombination rate, physical distance, and gene density in the coconut genomes. Leveraging the strong segregation for precocity inherited from the Dwarf cultivar in the F2, a major effect QTL with incomplete dominance was mapped for flowering time. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene homologs of coconut previously described as putatively involved in flowering time by alternative splice variant analysis were colocalized within a ~200-kb window of the major effect QTL [logarithm of the odds (LOD) = 11.86]. Discussion: Our work provides strong phenotype-based evidence for the role of the FT locus as the putative underlying functional variant for the flowering time difference between Dwarf and Tall coconuts. Major effect QTLs were also detected for developmental traits of the palm, plausibly suggesting pleiotropism of the FT locus for other precocity traits. Haplotypes of the two SNPs flanking the flowering time QTL inherited from the Dwarf parent BGDJ caused a reduction in the time to flower of approximately 400 days. These SNPs could be used for high-throughput marker-assisted selection of early-flowering and higher-productivity recombinant lines, providing innovative genetic material to the coconut industry.
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Culture is a well-known driver of food choices, and therefore, it could also impact food pairing preferences. Food pairing has been studied from different approaches; however, little cross-cultural research has been done. This work explored food and beverage pairing using projective mapping (PM) to create maps of food-beverage combinations. Four countries (Mexico, Argentina, France, and Norway), thirty foods, and six beverages were selected. PM was carried out through an online study in each country. Participants were asked to map foods together with beverages following the instruction that foods and beverages closer together represented a good combination. The coordinates of each product were analyzed through Multiple Factorial Analyses (MFA) by countries. The first four factors of each MFA were used to perform RV coefficients to test similarities in food-beverage pairings between the countries. Finally, a k-means clustering was performed on the beverage coordinates of each MFA. PM provided maps representing food and beverage pairings for each country in which the proximity between food-beverages represented a good combination according to consumers. RV coefficients between countries were low, showing that food-beverage pairings were not similar across countries, evidencing the cultural effect in food-drink combinations. Results from the k-means clustering showed some similarities and differences between countries. In general, the food-beverage pairing was effectively explored with PM, from which several differences and similarities were found within cultures.
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Bebidas , Comparação Transcultural , Preferências Alimentares , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Masculino , Noruega , México , França , Adulto Jovem , Argentina , Comportamento de Escolha , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Comportamento do Consumidor , Alimentos , AdolescenteRESUMO
In this case study, we propose a network analysis approach to map social movements through an intersectional feminist lens. We aim to gain a more in-depth understanding of movements' network structures to examine the roles and relationships of movement actors, the flow of resources between them, and potential areas of collaboration and conflict. By incorporating Social Network Analysis (SNA) techniques and visually mapping dynamics within social movements, this approach can assess the significance of small actors in creating change and stresses the need for their perspectives to be heard. Furthermore, our methodology adopts a feminist intersectional framework that recognizes the role of different identities in shaping the movement and its actors. To demonstrate the practical application of this approach, we examined the movement for the right to abortion in Mexico between September and December 2021. Our multi-step process included (1) designing a survey tool adapted to the context of the movement, (2) collecting and analyzing survey responses on movement actors' relationships and interactions, including their priorities, activities, needs, risks, and challenges, (3) visualizing the network using SNA techniques that account for the complexity and diversity of the movement, (4) interpreting the findings through insights collected in semi-structured interviews and validation meetings with key movement actors, and (5) implementing safety and security guidelines to safeguard the identity of individuals whose activities could put them at risk of suffering institutional, emotional, and physical violence. Our case study offers valuable insights that not only encourage the integration of feminist and intersectional perspectives into data collection processes but also provide a roadmap for accompanying social movements and supporting meaningful and contextually responsive activities.
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Introduction Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful neuropathic disorder characterized by sudden electric shocklike pain that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Multiple treatment alternatives are available, including medical and surgical options but establishing the optimal course of action can be challenging. To enhance clinical decision-making for trigeminal neuralgia treatment, it is imperative to organize, describe and map the available systematic reviews and randomized trials. This will help identify the best treatment alternatives supported by evidence and acknowledge potential knowledge gaps where future research is needed. Objective This systematic mapping review aims to provide up-to-date evidence on the different surgical and pharmacological treatment alternatives used for trigeminal neuralgia. Methods A search will be systematically conducted on the Epistemonikos database to identify potentially eligible systematic reviews. Additionally, a search will be made in PubMed, CENTRAL, and EBSCO to identify randomized controlled trials assessing pharmacological and surgical treatment interventions for trigeminal neuralgia. Two independent reviewers will screen and select the studies. Data on the different treatment alternatives and reported outcomes in the included studies will be extracted using standardized forms. Following extraction, descriptive statistical methods will be used to analyze the data. The final output of this study will include an evidence map that will illustrate the connections between different treatments and their respective outcomes, providing a clear depiction of the evidence landscape. Expected results This study expects to map, describe and assess the methodological quality of the available systematic reviews and trials on pharmacological interventions and neurosurgical procedures for treating trigeminal neuralgia. It will present the results in an evidence map that organizes the available evidence based on their different interventions and outcomes. This evidence map will serve as a visual tool to assist healthcare professionals and patients to understand evidence-based treatment options and their implications for managing this medical condition.
Introducción La neuralgia del trigémino es un trastorno neuropático doloroso caracterizado por un dolor súbito y agudo, similar a una descarga eléctrica, que impacta significativamente en la calidad de vida. Dada la variedad de tratamientos disponibles, médicos y quirúrgicos, es crucial organizar y mapear la evidencia proveniente de revisiones sistemáticas y ensayos clínicos para orientar las decisiones clínicas. Esto permite identificar tratamientos respaldados por evidencia y señalar áreas de investigación futura. Objetivo El propósito de esta revisión sistemática de mapeo es proporcionar una visión actualizada de la evidencia existente en relación con las diversas opciones de tratamiento quirúrgico y farmacológico empleadas en el manejo de la neuralgia del trigémino. Métodos Se realizará una búsqueda sistemática en la base de datos Epistemonikos para identificar potenciales revisiones sistemáticas. Adicionalmente, se buscará en PubMed, CENTRAL y EBSCO ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que evalúen intervenciones de tratamiento farmacológico y quirúrgico para la neuralgia del trigémino. Dos revisores independientes cribarán y seleccionarán los estudios. Se extraerán datos sobre las diferentes alternativas de tratamiento y los resultados reportados en los estudios incluidos utilizando formularios estandarizados. Tras la extracción, se utilizarán métodos estadísticos descriptivos para analizar los datos. El producto final de este estudio incluirá un mapa de evidencia que ilustrará las conexiones entre los diferentes tratamientos y sus respectivos resultados, proporcionando una representación clara del panorama de la evidencia. Resultados esperados Los resultados que se extraerán de este mapeo sistemático incluyen identificar y describir las diferentes alternativas, tanto farmacológicas como quirúrgicas, que existen para el tratamiento de la neuralgia del trigémino. Además, se planea presentar un mapa de evidencia que se basará en los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y revisiones sistemáticas, el cual mostrará la evidencia de manera organizada entre las diferentes intervenciones y sus desenlaces. Este mapa de evidencia servirá como una herramienta visual que ayudará a los profesionales de la salud y los pacientes a comprender mejor las opciones de tratamiento respaldadas por la evidencia y sus consecuencias en el manejo de esta condición médica.
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INTRODUCTION: Currently, there are 38 valid species of freshwater stingrays, and these belong to the subfamily Potamotrygoninae. However, cytogenetic information about this group is limited, with studies mainly using classical techniques, Giemsa, and C-banding. METHODS: In this study, we used classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques - mapping of 18S and 5S rDNA and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) - in order to investigate the karyotypic composition of Potamotrygon schroederi and reveal the karyoevolutionary trends of this group. RESULTS: The species presented 2n = 66 chromosomes with 18m + 12sm + 16st + 20a, heterochromatic blocks distributed in the centromeric regions of all the chromosomes, and terminal blocks in the q arm of pairs 2 and 3. Mapping of 18S rDNA regions revealed multiple clusters on pairs 2 and 7 and a homolog of pair 24. The 5S rDNA region was found in the pericentromeric portion of the subtelocentric pair 16. Furthermore, dinucleotide SSRs sequences were found in the centromeric and terminal regions of different chromosomal pairs, with preferential accumulation in pair 17. In addition, we identified conspicuous blocks of (GATA)n and (GACA)n sequences colocalized with the 5S rDNA (pair 16). CONCLUSION: In general, this study corroborates the general trend of a reduction in 2n in the species of Potamotrygoninae subfamily. Moreover, we found that the location of rDNA regions is very similar among Potamotrygon species, and the SSRs accumulation in the second subtelocentric pair (17) seems to be a common trait in this genus.
Assuntos
Cariótipo , Animais , RNA Ribossômico 5S/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Centrômero/genética , Cariotipagem , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Bandeamento CromossômicoRESUMO
The abnormal hemodynamics in Fontan circulation due to persistently increased systemic venous pressure results in hepatic venous congestion and Fontan-associated liver disease. Combined assessment of cardiac and liver fibrosis and cardiac remodeling using multiparametric MRI in this context have not been fully explored. To evaluate cardiac and liver fibrosis and cardiac remodeling using multiparametric MRI in patients who have undergone Fontan procedures. Thirty-eight patients and 23 controls underwent cardiac and liver MRI examinations in a 3.0-T scanner. Mann-Whitney, Fisher exact test, and Spearman's correlation were applied to evaluate myocardial volumes, function, native cardiac and liver T1 mapping, ECVs and liver stiffness. The mean native cardiac T1 value (p = 0.018), cardiac ECV (p < 0.001), liver native T1 (p < 0.001), liver ECV (p < 0.001), and liver stiffness (p < 0.001) were higher in patients than controls. The indexed end-diastolic volume (EDVi) correlated with the myocardial ECV (r = 0.356; p = 0.033), native liver T1 (r = 0.571; p < 0.001), and with liver stiffness (r = 0.391; p = 0.015). In addition, liver stiffness correlated with liver ECV (r = 0.361; p = 0.031) and native liver T1 (r = 0.458; p = 0.004). An association between cardiac remodeling and cardiac and liver fibrosis were found in this population. The usefulness of MRI to follow cardiac and liver involvement in these patients is critical to improve treatment strategies and to prevent the need for combined liver and heart transplantation.