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Apesar de não muito frequente, nos últimos 20 anos, houve um aumento significativo dos relatos sobre rotura do peitoral maior, normalmente associadas à prática de atividade física em que ocorre contração intensa e/ou uso de cargas pesadas exercendo resistência sobre o músculo. Neste relato de caso temos um paciente de 51 anos referindo dor no tórax à direita e no braço direito há 3 dias após tentar consertar o guidão da moto. Apresentava assimetria dos peitorais, perda de força do membro superior direito, dificuldade de movimentação e hematoma. A ressonância magnética demonstrou rotura completa da junção miotendínea do peitoral maior, com tendinopatia com fissuras insercionais e intrasubstanciais infraespinhal e tendinopatia com rotura parcial do tendão subescapular. Foi indicado por médico ortopedista o acompanhamento com o uso de medicação analgésica.

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Although not very common, in the last 20 years, there has been a significant increase in reports of rupture of the pectoralis major, normally associated with the practice of physical activity in which intense contraction occurs and/or the use of heavy loads exerting resistance on the muscle. In this case report we have a 51-year-old patient reporting pain in his right chest and right arm for 3 days after trying to fix his motorcycle's handlebars. He had asymmetry of the pectorals, loss of strength in the right upper limb, difficulty moving and hematoma. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated complete rupture of the myotendinous junction of the pectoralis major, with tendinopathy with insertional and intrasubstantial infraspinatus fissures and tendinopathy with partial rupture of the subscapularis tendon. An orthopedic doctor recommended follow-up with the use of analgesic medication.

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Aunque no es muy común, en los últimos 20 años se ha observado un aumento significativo en los reportes de rotura del pectoral mayor, normalmente asociado a la práctica de actividad física en la que se produce una contracción intensa y/o al uso de cargas pesadas ejerciendo resistencia sobre el mismo. el músculo. En este caso clínico tenemos un paciente de 51 años que refiere dolor en el pecho derecho y en el brazo derecho durante 3 días después de intentar arreglar el manillar de su motocicleta. Presentó asimetría de pectorales, pérdida de fuerza en miembro superior derecho, dificultad de movimiento y hematoma. La resonancia magnética demostró rotura completa de la unión miotendinosa del pectoral mayor, con tendinopatía con fisuras de inserción e intrasustancial del infraespinoso y tendinopatía con rotura parcial del tendón subescapular. Un médico ortopédico recomendó seguimiento con el uso de medicación analgésica.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Músculos Peitorais/lesões , Músculos Peitorais/diagnóstico por imagem , Extremidade Superior/lesões , Extremidade Superior/diagnóstico por imagem , Junção Miotendínea/lesões , Junção Miotendínea/diagnóstico por imagem

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Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are cerebrospinal fluid collections between the two layers of the normal arachnoid membrane. Although they are often asymptomatic with a stationary course, eventual complications may occur. Herein, we report the case of a 9-year-old boy who developed bilateral papilloedema secondary to spontaneous rupture of an AC in the left middle cranial fossa. Although the papilloedema worsened during follow-up, his visual field remained bilaterally stable, supporting the expectant management and obviating the potential morbidity associated with neurosurgical intervention. This case report highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to patients with secondary intracranial hypertension, including serial ophthalmological examinations, which provide a useful guide to surgical decision-making.

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Purpose: This paper explores different machine learning (ML) algorithms for analyzing diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) models when analytical fitting shows restrictions. It reviews various ML techniques for dMRI analysis and evaluates their performance on different b-values range datasets, comparing them with analytical methods. Materials and Methods: After standard fitting for reference, four sets of diffusion-weighted nuclear magnetic resonance images were used to train/test various ML algorithms for prediction of diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f), and kurtosis (K). ML classification algorithms, including extra-tree classifier (ETC), logistic regression, C-support vector, extra-gradient boost, and multilayer perceptron (MLP), were used to determine the existence of diffusion parameters (D, D*, f, and K) within single voxels. Regression algorithms, including linear regression, polynomial regression, ridge, lasso, random forest (RF), elastic-net, and support-vector machines, were used to estimate the value of the diffusion parameters. Performance was evaluated using accuracy (ACC), area under the curve (AUC) tests, and cross-validation root mean square error (RMSECV). Computational timing was also assessed. Results: ETC and MLP were the best classifiers, with 94.1% and 91.7%, respectively, for the ACC test and 98.7% and 96.3% for the AUC test. For parameter estimation, RF algorithm yielded the most accurate results The RMSECV percentages were: 8.39% for D, 3.57% for D*, 4.52% for f, and 3.53% for K. After the training phase, the ML methods demonstrated a substantial decrease in computational time, being approximately 232 times faster than the conventional methods. Conclusions: The findings suggest that ML algorithms can enhance the efficiency of dMRI model analysis and offer new perspectives on the microstructural and functional organization of biological tissues. This paper also discusses the limitations and future directions of ML-based dMRI analysis.

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BACKGROUND: Experimental studies have shown that repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (TsMS) decreases demyelination and enables recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the usefulness of TsMS in humans with SCI remains unclear. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of TsMS combined with kinesiotherapy on SCI symptoms. We describe a protocol treatment with TsMS and kinesiotherapy in a patient with SCI due to neuromyelitis optica (NMO)-associated transverse myelitis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 23-year-old white male with NMO spectrum disorders started symptoms in 2014 and included lumbar pain evolving into a mild loss of strength and sensitivity in both lower limbs. Five months later, the symptoms improved spontaneously, and there were no sensorimotor deficits. Two years later, in 2016, the symptoms recurred with a total loss of strength and sensitivity in both lower limbs. Initially, physiotherapy was provided in 15 sessions with goals of motor-sensory recovery and improving balance and functional mobility. Subsequently, TsMS (10 Hz, 600 pulses, 20-seconds inter-trains interval, at 90% of resting motor threshold of the paravertebral muscle) was applied at the 10th thoracic vertebral spinous process before physiotherapy in 12 sessions. Outcomes were assessed at three time points: prior to physiotherapy alone (T-1), before the first session of TsMS combined with kinesiotherapy (T0), and after 12 sessions of TsMS combined with kinesiotherapy (T1). The patient showed a 25% improvement in walking independence, a 125% improvement in balance, and an 18.8% improvement in functional mobility. The Patient Global Impression of Change Scale assessed the patient's global impression of change as 'much improved'. CONCLUSION: TsMS combined with kinesiotherapy may safely and effectively improve balance, walking independence, and functional mobility of patients with SCI due to NMO-associated transverse myelitis.

Assuntos

Magnetoterapia , Neuromielite Óptica , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Humanos , Masculino , Neuromielite Óptica/terapia , Neuromielite Óptica/complicações , Adulto Jovem , Magnetoterapia/métodos , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/complicações , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/reabilitação , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Terapia Combinada , Modalidades de Fisioterapia

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Intraventricular neurocytoma is a low incidence central nervous system tumor. It predominantly affects young adults with no apparent gender predilection. The main symptoms include headache, nausea and vomiting. These result from hydrocephalus due to the obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow. On diagnostic imaging, neurocytoma can be suspected by some features, such as peripheral cysts, lobulated contours and septa that bridge the ventricular wall, giving a "scalloped" appearance. There are other characteristics, but they are less specific for the diagnosis. The atypical variant of neurocytoma is even rarer and leads to a worst prognosis. Atypical neurocytomas develop higher proliferative potential identified by the Ki-67 biomarker and higher recurrence rate. There are few studies about the imaging characteristics of atypical neurocytomas. At this point, there are no reliable distinctive features to differentiate atypical neurocytomas, especially due to their low incidence. We present the case of a 20-year-old female patient with symptoms of intracraneal hypertension. CT and MRI of the brain revealed a mass occupying the body of the left lateral ventricle, adjacent to the foramen of Monro. The mass was primarily solid with discrete peripheral cyst and a few scalloped areas. It also showed signs of supratentorial obstructive hydrocephalus. The tumor was partially removed because of bleeding and compromise of vascular structures. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive synaptophysin, elevated Ki-67 (7%), increased number of blood vessels and moderate nuclear atypia. After surgery, the patient persisted with signs of intracranial hypertension, not improving with clinical management and requiring aggressive surgical procedures. While rare, atypical neurocytoma requires a better characterization, especially through imaging, to optimize immediate management and explore new therapeutic options.

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The advancement of traditional sample preparation techniques has brought about miniaturization systems designed to scale down conventional methods and advocate for environmentally friendly analytical approaches. Although often referred to as green analytical strategies, the effectiveness of these methods is intricately linked to the properties of the sorbent utilized. Moreover, to fully embrace implementing these methods, it is crucial to innovate and develop new sorbent or solid phases that enhance the adaptability of miniaturized techniques across various matrices and analytes. Graphene-based materials exhibit remarkable versatility and modification potential, making them ideal sorbents for miniaturized strategies due to their high surface area and functional groups. Their notable adsorption capability and alignment with green synthesis approaches, such as bio-based graphene materials, enable the use of less sorbent and the creation of biodegradable materials, enhancing their eco-friendly aspects towards green analytical practices. Therefore, this study provides an overview of different types of hybrid graphene-based materials as well as their applications in crucial miniaturized techniques, focusing on offline methodologies such as stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), pipette-tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE), disposable pipette extraction (DPX), dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (d-µ-SPE), and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE).

RESUMO

Purpose. To evaluate the feasibility of use of an 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR)-linear accelerator MR-linac for imaging in gynaecologic high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy.Method. Commissioning measurements for MR images quality control, geometric distortion, dwell position accuracy, applicator reconstruction and end-to-end test for a tandem-and-ring applicator were performed following the recommendations of American Brachytherapy Society, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements and Report of the Brachytherapy Working Group of the Spanish Society of Medical Physics. The values for MR-based IGABT were compared to the corresponding values with computed tomography (CT).Results. Measured distorsions for the MR images were less than 0.50 mm compared to the CT images. The differences between 3D displacements for all dwell positions were 0.66 mm and 0.62 mm for the tandem and ring, respectively. The maximum difference is 0.64 mm for the distances from the applicator tip obtained using the films. The CT and MR dose differences for the right and left 'A' points were 0.9% and -0.7%, respectively. Similar results were observed in terms of dose distribution for CT and Mr The gamma passing rate was 99.3% and 99.5%, respectively.Conclusion. The use of MR images from an MR-linac used in a radiotherapy service for gynaecological brachytherapy was proved to be feasible, safe and precise as the geometrical differences were less than 1 mm, and the dosimetric differences were less than 1% when comparing to the use of CT images for the same purpose.

Assuntos

Braquiterapia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Radioterapia Guiada por Imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Braquiterapia/métodos , Humanos , Feminino , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Radioterapia Guiada por Imagem/métodos , Aceleradores de Partículas , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/radioterapia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/diagnóstico por imagem , Planejamento da Radioterapia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Imagens de Fantasmas , Estudos de Viabilidade

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Education influences brain health and dementia. However, its impact across regions, specifically Latin America (LA) and the United States (US), is unknown. METHODS: A total of 1412 participants comprising controls, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) from LA and the US were included. We studied the association of education with brain volume and functional connectivity while controlling for imaging quality and variability, age, sex, total intracranial volume (TIV), and recording type. RESULTS: Education influenced brain measures, explaining 24%-98% of the geographical differences. The educational disparities between LA and the US were associated with gray matter volume and connectivity variations, especially in LA and AD patients. Education emerged as a critical factor in classifying aging and dementia across regions. DISCUSSION: The results underscore the impact of education on brain structure and function in LA, highlighting the importance of incorporating educational factors into diagnosing, care, and prevention, and emphasizing the need for global diversity in research. HIGHLIGHTS: Lower education was linked to reduced brain volume and connectivity in healthy controls (HCs), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Latin American cohorts have lower educational levels compared to the those in the United States. Educational disparities majorly drive brain health differences between regions. Educational differences were significant in both conditions, but more in AD than FTLD. Education stands as a critical factor in classifying aging and dementia across regions.

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PURPOSE: To validate the Barcelona magnetic resonance imaging predictive model (BCN-MRI PM) in men with pre-biopsy multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) reported with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1, followed by transrectal and transperineal prostate biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective analysis of 3,264 men with PSA >3.0 ng/mL and/or abnormal digital rectal examination who were referred to ten participant centers in the csPCa early detection program of Catalonia (Spain), between 2021 and 2023. MpMRI was reported with the PI-RADS v2.1, and 2- to 4-core MRI-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion-targeted biopsy of suspected lesions and/or 12-core systematic biopsy were conducted. 2,295 (70.3%) individuals were referred to six centers for transrectal prostate biopsies, while 969 (39.7%) were referred to four centers for transperineal prostate biopsies. CsPCa was classified whenever the International Society of Urologic Pathology grade group was 2 or higher. RESULTS: CsPCa was detected in 41% of transrectal prostate biopsies and in 45.9% of transperineal prostate biopsies (p < 0.016). Both BCN-MRI PM calibration curves were within the ideal correlation between predicted and observed csPCa. Areas under the curve and 95% confidence intervals were 0.847 (0.830-0.857) and 0.830 (0.823-0.855), respectively (p = 0.346). Specificities corresponding to 95% sensitivity were 37.6 and 36.8%, respectively (p = 0.387). The Net benefit of the BCN-MRI PM was similar with both biopsy methods. CONCLUSIONS: The BCN-MRI PM has been successfully validated when mpMRI was reported with the PI-RADS v2.1 and prostate biopsies were conducted via the transrectal and transperineal route.

Assuntos

Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética Multiparamétrica , Próstata , Neoplasias da Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética Multiparamétrica/métodos , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Próstata/patologia , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Períneo/diagnóstico por imagem , Períneo/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos

RESUMO

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with body weight-support treadmill training (BWSTT) for improving walking function of individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). A 4-week, double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled pilot study involved 12 sessions of real (10 Hz, 1800 pulses) or sham rTMS combined with BWSTT (15-20 min, moderate intensity). Walking independence was assessed using the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II (WISCI-II). Lower extremity motor function (lower extremity motor score [LEMS]) and spasticity, sensory function, functional independence (Spinal Cord Injury Measure III [SCIM-III]), and quality of life were also assessed. Walking independence (WISCI-II) after the 6th session was higher in the BWSTT/rTMS real (n = 7) (median change (IQR): 3 (1.5 to 3.5)) than in the sham group (n = 8) (median change (IQR): 0 (0 to 0.25), but there was no difference between groups after 12th session (BWSTT/rTMS real median change (IQR): 4 (2 to 5); BWSSTT/rTMS sham median change (IQR): 0 (0 to 3.25). Compared to baseline, LEMS and SCIM-III mobility scores were increased after 12 sessions in the BWSTT/rTMS real but not in the sham group. Within- and between-group sensory function, functional independence, and quality of life remained similar. This preliminary result suggests that combining BWSTT with rTMS could lead to earlier gait improvement in patients with chronic iSCI.

Assuntos

Terapia por Exercício , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana , Caminhada , Humanos , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/reabilitação , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/terapia , Projetos Piloto , Masculino , Feminino , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana/métodos , Caminhada/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Qualidade de Vida , Doença Crônica

RESUMO

PURPOSE: There is an unmet clinical need for non-invasive imaging biomarkers that could replace liver biopsy in the management of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In this study, we sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a simple uncorrected, non-contrast T1 mapping for detecting fibrosis and inflammation in AIH patients using histopathology as a reference standard. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Over 3 years, 33 patients with AIH were prospectively studied using a multiparametric liver MRI protocol which included T1 mapping. Biopsies were performed up to 3 months before imaging, and a standardized histopathological score for fibrosis (F0-F4) and inflammatory activity (PPA0-4) was used as a reference. Statistical analysis included independent t test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis. RESULTS: T1 mapping values were significantly higher in patients with advanced fibrosis (F0-2 vs. F3-4; p < 0.015), significant fibrosis (F0-1 vs. F2-4; p < 0.005), and significant inflammatory activity (PPA 0-1 vs. PPA 2-4 p = 0.048). Moreover, the technique demonstrated a good diagnostic performance in detecting significant (AUC 0.856) and advanced fibrosis (AUC 0.835), as well as significant inflammatory activity (AUC 0.763). CONCLUSION: A rapid, simple, uncorrected, non-contrast T1 mapping sequence showed satisfactory diagnostic performance in comparison with histopathology for detecting significant tissue inflammation and fibrosis in AIH patients, being a potential non-invasive imaging biomarker for monitoring disease activity in such individuals.

Assuntos

Hepatite Autoimune , Cirrose Hepática , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Hepatite Autoimune/diagnóstico por imagem , Hepatite Autoimune/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Feminino , Masculino , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia , Padrões de Referência , Inflamação/diagnóstico por imagem

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Hearing loss (HL) affects more than 5% of the global population, with projections indicating an impact of up to 50% on young individuals in the next years. HL treatments remain limited due to the inner ear's hermeticism. HL often involves inflammatory processes, underscoring the need for enhanced delivery of antiinflammatory agents to the inner ear. Our research focuses on the development of a directed therapy based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). We previously synthesized biocompatible folic acid-coated iron oxide-core nanoparticles (MNPs@FA) as potential carriers for the anti-inflammatory Diclofenac (Dfc). This study aims to incorporate Dfc onto MNPs@FA to facilitate targeted drug delivery to the inner ear. Through optimizing the loading procedure, we achieved optimal loading capacity. Dfc release was studied in the simulated target fluid and the administration vehicle. Complete characterization is also shown. In vitro biocompatibility testing ensured the biosafety of the resulting formulation. Subsequent ex vivo targeting assays on murine cochleae validated the nanosystems' ability to penetrate the round window membrane, one of the main HL therapy barriers. These findings serve as validation before continuing to more complex in vivo studies. Together, the data here presented represent an advancement in addressing unmet medical needs in HL therapy.

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Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Rectal cancer accounts for approximately one-third of new colorectal cancer cases, with adenocarcinoma as the predominant subtype. Despite an overall decline in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, due to advancements in screening, early diagnosis, and treatment options, there is a concerning increase in incidence rates among young patients. Recent significant advances in managing locally advanced rectal cancer, such as the establishment of different surgical approaches, neoadjuvant treatment using different protocols for high-risk cases, and the adoption of organ-preservation strategies, have increased the importance of the role played by radiologists in locoregional assessment on magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, at restaging, and during active surveillance of patients with rectal cancer. In this article, we review the role of restaging rectal magnetic resonance imaging after neoadjuvant therapy, providing radiologists with a practical, step-by-step guide for assessing treatment response.

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O câncer colorretal é o terceiro câncer mais comum e a segunda principal causa de morte relacionada ao câncer. O câncer retal representa aproximadamente um terço dos novos casos de câncer colorretal, sendo o adenocarcinoma o subtipo predominante. Apesar de uma diminuição geral na incidência e mortalidade, impulsionada por avanços na prevenção do câncer, diagnóstico precoce e opções de tratamento aprimoradas, há uma preocupante elevação nas taxas entre os pacientes jovens. Avanços recentes significativos no manejo do câncer retal localmente avançado, como abordagens cirúrgicas, o uso de diferentes protocolos de tratamento neoadjuvante para casos de alto risco e a adoção de estratégias de preservação de órgãos, aumentaram o papel dos radiologistas na avaliação locorregional por meio da ressonância magnética na avaliação inicial, reestadiamento e vigilância ativa de pacientes com câncer retal. Este manuscrito tem como objetivo revisar o papel da ressonância magnética retal no reestadiamento após terapia neoadjuvante, fornecendo aos radiologistas um guia prático para revisar exames nesse contexto.

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The present investigation has evaluated the use of effluents from a secondary municipal wastewater treatment plant for biomass production and potential of the biomass for biodiesel production. Cultivations of Chlorella vulgaris using wastewater, wastewater with supplementation, and WC medium were carried out. Effect of wastewater collected in different months on biomass productivity (BP) and lipid composition was studied. Methods based on NMR and GC-MS techniques were applied for determining the composition of the lipids and their fatty acid profile including poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Lipids extracted are comprised of both neutral (tri acyl glycerides, TAG; free fatty acids, FFA) and polar (glyco glycero/phospho) lipids. The TAG content of the extracted lipids was determined in the range of 22.5-41.3% w/w. The NMR and GC-MS compositional results of microalgal lipids of biomasses cultivated in wastewater without nutrient supplementation, collected in different months, showed potential for biodiesel production. The fatty acid profiles of neutral and polar lipids, which are mainly comprised of saturated and unsaturated long alkyl chain (C16-C22) fatty acids, are potential sources for the biodiesel and food industry. The concentration of nitrates (45-78 mg L-1) in wastewater without supplementation, collected in different months, was found to be optimum to enable cultivation of biomasses with reasonably good BP of 21.5-28.1 mg L-1 day-1. Similar results have been obtained in the present work as well as reported in the literature in the case of WC medium (nitrate, 69 mg L-1) with BP of 25.5-28.2 mg L-1 day-1, thus highlighted the significance of the presented work.

Assuntos

Biocombustíveis , Chlorella vulgaris , Águas Residuárias , Chlorella vulgaris/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Águas Residuárias/química , Biomassa , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Ácidos Graxos

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INTRODUCTION: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with fractures, despite preserved Bone Mineral Density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMD and trabecular bone score (TBS) with the reallocation of fat within muscle in individuals with eutrophy, obesity, and T2D. METHODS: The subjects were divided into three groups: eutrophic controls paired by age and sex with the T2D group (n = 23), controls diagnosed with obesity paired by age, sex, and body mass index with the T2D group (n = 27), and the T2D group (n = 29). BMD and body fat percentage were determined using dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry. TBS was determined using TBS iNsight software. Intra and extramyocellular lipids in the soleus were measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS: TBS was lower in the T2D group than in the other two groups. Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) was negatively associated with TBS. Body fat percentage was negatively associated with TBS and Total Hip (TH) BMD. TH BMD was positively associated with intramuscular lipids. A trend of negative association was observed between intramuscular lipids and TBS. CONCLUSION: This study showed for the first time that the reallocation of lipids within muscle has a negative association with TBS. Moreover, these results are consistent with previous studies showing a negative association between a parameter related to insulin resistance (intramuscular lipids) and TBS.

Assuntos

Absorciometria de Fóton , Tecido Adiposo , Densidade Óssea , Osso Esponjoso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Músculo Esquelético , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Osso Esponjoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Tecido Adiposo/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Idoso , Controle Glicêmico , Valores de Referência

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To estimate associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviors and early markers of cardiovascular diseases in adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional data stem from the CARdiovascular Disease risk in pEdiatric type 1 diAbetes (CARDEA) study, a study investigating early cardiovascular disease development in 100 adolescents with type 1 diabetes recruited at Sainte-Justine University Hospital Diabetes Clinic and 97 healthy adolescents without diabetes (14-18 years), in Montreal, Canada. Outcomes included arterial stiffness by pulse-wave velocity, endothelial function (velocity time integral) by flow-mediated dilation test, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging markers. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were estimated by accelerometry and leisure screen time by questionnaire. We estimated multivariable linear regression models stratified by group. RESULTS: In adolescents with type 1 diabetes, 10-minutes daily increase in MVPA was associated with 3.69 g/m (95% CI: -1.16; 8.54) higher left ventricular (LV) mass/height and 1-hour increase in device-measured sedentary time with 0.68 mm (0.20; 1.16) higher wall thickness but only in those with glycated hemoglobin ≤7.5%. In healthy adolescents, a 10-minute increase in MVPA was associated with 1.32 g/m (-0.03; 2.66) higher LV mass/height. Every 1-hour increase in sedentary time was associated with -1.82 cm (-3.25; -0.39) lower velocity time integral, -2.99 g/m (-5.03; -0.95) lower LV mass/height, and -0.47 mm (-0.82; -0.12) lower wall thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Being active and limiting sedentary time appears beneficial for cardiac structure and endothelial function in healthy adolescents; however, adequate glycemic control combined with higher levels of MVPA may be required for adolescents with type 1 diabetes to overcome the impact of diabetes.

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Brain abscesses in ruminants often arise from primary infection foci, leading to an unfavorable prognosis for affected animals. This highlights the need for comprehensive studies on brain abscesses across different ruminant species. We retrospectively investigated medical records of epidemiological, clinical, neuroimaging, anatomopathological, and bacteriological findings in six ruminants (three goats, two cows, and one sheep) diagnosed with brain abscesses. All animals studied were female. Apathy (50%), compulsive walking (33%), decreased facial sensitivity (33%), head pressing (33%), seizures (33%), semicomatous mental status (33%), strabismus (33%), unilateral blindness (33%), and circling (33%) represented the most common neurologic signs. Leukocytosis and neutrophilia were the main findings in the hematological evaluation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed predominant hyperproteinorrachia and pleocytosis. In three cases, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were used, enabling the identification of typical abscess lesions, which were subsequently confirmed during postmortem examination. Microbiological culture of the abscess samples and/or CSF revealed bacterial coinfections in most cases. Advanced imaging examinations, combined with CSF analysis, can aid in diagnosis, although confirmation typically relies on postmortem evaluation and isolation of the causative agent. This study contributes to clinicopathological aspects, neuroimages, and bacteriological diagnosis of brain abscesses in domestic ruminants.

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Core-shell micro/nanomotors have garnered significant interest in biomedicine owing to their versatile task-performing capabilities. However, their effectiveness for photothermal therapy (PTT) still faces challenges because of their poor tumor accumulation, lower light-to-heat conversion, and due to the limited penetration of near-infrared (NIR) light. In this study, we present a novel core-shell micromotor that combines magnetic and photothermal properties. It is synthesized via the template-assisted electrodeposition of iron (Fe) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on a microtubular pore-shaped membrane. The resulting Fe-rGO micromotor consists of a core of oval-shaped zero-valent iron nanoparticles with large magnetization. At the same time, the outer layer has a uniform reduced graphene oxide (rGO) topography. Combined, these Fe-rGO core-shell micromotors respond to magnetic forces and near-infrared (NIR) light (1064 nm), achieving a remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency of 78% at a concentration of 434 µg mL-1. They can also carry doxorubicin (DOX) and rapidly release it upon NIR irradiation. Additionally, preliminary results regarding the biocompatibility of these micromotors through in vitro tests on a 3D breast cancer model demonstrate low cytotoxicity and strong accumulation. These promising results suggest that such Fe-rGO core-shell micromotors could hold great potential for combined photothermal therapy.

RESUMO

Zeolite type 5A combined with the magnetic properties of maghemite nanoparticles facilitate the rapid absorption of heavy metals, which makes them an interesting proposal for the remediation of water contaminated with lead and arsenic. However, the physicochemical analysis related to concentration and size for the use of this magnetic zeolite composite (MZ0) in water bodies and the possible toxicological effects on aquatic fauna has not yet been carried out. The main objective of the research work is to determine lethal concentrations that cause damage to Daphnia magna based on LC50 tests, morphology, reproductive rate, and quantification of the expression of three genes closely involved in the morphological development of vital structures (Glass, NinaE, Pph13). To achieve this objective, populations of neonates and young individuals were used, and results showed that the LC50 for neonates was 11,314 mg L-1, while for young individuals, it was 0.0310 mg L-1. Damage to morphological development was evidenced by a decrease in eye size in neonates, an increase in eye size in young individuals, variations in the size of the caudal spine for both age groups, and slight increases in the heart size, body, and antenna for both age groups. The reproductive rate of neonates was not affected by the lower concentrations of MZ0, while in young individuals, the reproductive rate decreased by more than 50% from the minimum exposure concentration of MZ0. And for both ages, Glass gene expression levels decreased as the MZ0 concentration increased. Also, the MZ0 evidenced its affinity for the exoskeleton of D. magna, which was observed using both light microscopy and electron microscopy. It is concluded that MZ0 did not generate significant damage in the mortality, morphology, reproductive rate, or gene expression in D. magna at lower concentrations, demonstrating the importance of evaluating the possible impacts on different life stages of the cladoceran.

Assuntos

Daphnia , Zeolitas , Animais , Daphnia/efeitos dos fármacos , Daphnia/genética , Zeolitas/toxicidade , Zeolitas/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Dose Letal Mediana , Daphnia magna

RESUMO

Precise annotations for large medical image datasets can be time-consuming. Additionally, when dealing with volumetric regions of interest, it is typical to apply segmentation techniques on 2D slices, compromising important information for accurately segmenting 3D structures. This study presents a deep learning pipeline that simultaneously tackles both challenges. Firstly, to streamline the annotation process, we employ a semi-automatic segmentation approach using bounding boxes as masks, which is less time-consuming than pixel-level delineation. Subsequently, recursive self-training is utilized to enhance annotation quality. Finally, a 2.5D segmentation technique is adopted, wherein a slice of a volumetric image is segmented using a pseudo-RGB image. The pipeline was applied to segment the carotid artery tree in T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance images. Utilizing 42 volumetric non-contrast T1-weighted brain scans from four datasets, we delineated bounding boxes around the carotid arteries in the axial slices. Pseudo-RGB images were generated from these slices, and recursive segmentation was conducted using a Res-Unet-based neural network architecture. The model's performance was tested on a separate dataset, with ground truth annotations provided by a radiologist. After recursive training, we achieved an Intersection over Union (IoU) score of (0.68 ± 0.08) on the unseen dataset, demonstrating commendable qualitative results.