RESUMO
BACKGROUND: To achieve zero leprosy cases in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, we designed a community-based active detection and provision of single-dose rifampicin post-exposure prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) to household contacts with new leprosy patients. METHODS: From July to August 2021, we assessed the current knowledge, attitude, and practices through structured interviews and focus group discussions with community representatives and health staff. This was followed by sensitization sessions, the training of health staff, and the reinforcement of referral mechanisms. Teams, including health staff and community volunteers, visited all new leprosy patients detected in 2021-2023 and household contacts. RESULTS: Among 115 community representatives, knowledge about leprosy etiology was attributed to non-biological factors (74%); fear accounted for 77%, and access to care was perceived as weak (74%), but the outlook was improved by SDR-PEP (80%). Among the 217 health staff interviewed, the programmatic barriers identified were a lack of referral feedback (67%), limited supplies for diagnosis and prevention, and ineffective training (64%). We visited 70 new patients and 258 household contacts. The median age in household contacts was 25 years old; 49% were women, 98% were eligible for SDR-PEP, and all who were eligible accepted it. Those who were non-eligible included one tuberculosis patient and six newly detected leprosy patients (23‱). CONCLUSIONS: A community-based intervention was successful in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Misbeliefs and a lack of knowledge were identified as barriers. Programmatic components should be reinforced for SDR-PEP extension.
RESUMO
In an endemic area of North-East Brazil (the town of Picos, State of Piauí), a nongovernmental organization (NGO) supported the activity against leprosy in connection with governmental health organizations and local agents. The indicators of leprosy elimination were compared over time (within Picos) and across space (Picos versus Piauí). The case detection rate, above 8 per 10,000 people in the last two years of observation, increased over time in Picos (p=0.010). This finding could be due to active detection activities rather than expanding endemicity, as suggested by the reduction in leprosy in children (p=0.053) and the decrease in the proportion of new cases with grade 2 disability (p<0.001). These indicators showed a more favorable time trend in the city than in the State, suggesting that NGO activity was supportive in the battle towards leprosy control.
Para avaliar a atividade da sustentação fornecida por Organizações Não Governamentais (ONG)na luta contra a hanseníase, o perfil epidemiológico da doença em uma cidade é comparado ao perfil do todo Estado do Piauí. A tendência temporal da taxa de detecção é de aumento em Picos (p=0,010), e nos últimos dois anos de observação estava acima de 8 para 10.000 habitantes, duas vezes maior do que o limiar de hiperendemicidade (4 para 10.000). Como varia paralelamente com a redução da hanseníase nas crianças (p=0,053) e a diminuição da proporção de casos novos com grau 2 de incapacidade (p<0.001), o incremento no tempo da taxa de detecção pode ser atribuído mais à maior intensidade da atividade de detecção do que à expansão da endemicidade. Os indicadores de eliminação da hanseníase têm uma tendência no tempo mais favorável na cidade do que no Estado do Piauí, sugerindo que o ONG fosse útil na batalha para o controle da hanseníase.