RESUMO

Prathapanius Viswajyothi & Clark, gen. nov., is described and illustrated. The genus is placed in the chrysomelid section Diabroticites Chapuis (subtribe Diabroticina Chapuis, tribe Luperini Chapuis, subfamily Galerucinae Latreille). It is monobasic, containing Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, sp. nov., from Ecuador. The new genus is briefly compared with Acalymma Barber, Isotes Weise, and Zischkaita Bechyné.

RESUMO

The Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) is a highly speciose family that has been poorly studied at the regional level in Mexico. In the present study, we estimated species richness and diversity in oak-pine forest, Tamaulipan thorny scrub and in tropical deciduous forests in Peregrina Canyon within the Altas Cumbres Protected Area of the northeastern state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Sampling of Chrysomelidae consisted of five sweep net samples (200 net sweeps) within each of three sites during four sample periods: early dry season, late dry season, early wet season, and late wet season. Species were identified and total numbers per species were recorded for each sample. A total of 2,226 specimens were collected belonging to six subfamilies, 81 genera and 157 species of Chrysomelidae from the study area. Galerucinae was the most abundant subfamily with 1,828 specimens, representing 82.1% of total abundance in the study area. Lower abundance was recorded in Cassidinae (8.5%), Eumolpinae (3.6%), Cryptocephalinae (2.2%), Chrysomelinae (2.2%), and finally Criocerinae (1.3%). The highest species richness was also presented in the subfamily Galerucinae with 49% of the total obtained species followed by Cassidinae (20%), Cryptocephalinae (9.7%), Eumolpinae (9.7%), Chrysomelinae (6.5%) and Criocerinae (5.2%). The most common species were Centralaphthona fulvipennis Jacoby (412 individuals), Centralaphthona diversa (Baly) (248), Margaridisa sp.1 (219), Acallepitrix sp.1 (134), Longitarsus sp.1 (104), Heterispa vinula (Erichson) (91), Epitrix sp.1 (84) and Chaetocnema sp.1 (72). Twenty-two species were doubletons (1.97% of total abundance) and 52 were singletons (2.33%). The estimated overall density value obtained was 0.0037 individuals/m2. The greatest abundance and density of individuals were recorded at the lowest elevation site. However, alpha diversity increased with increasing altitude. Similarity values were less than 50% among the three sites indicating that each site had distinct species assemblages of Chrysomelidae. The highest abundance was obtained during the late dry season, whereas diversity indices were highest during the early wet season. The present work represents the first report of the altitudinal variation in richness, abundance, and diversity of Chrysomelidae in Mexico. These results highlight the importance of conservation of this heterogeneous habitat and establish baseline data for Chrysomelidae richness and diversity for the region.

RESUMO

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar níveis de herbivoria de Cerotoma arcuatus Olivier, 1791 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) em genótipos de soja, comparando propriedades morfológicas como; densidade de tricomas (DT), espessura foliar (EF), número de C. arcuatus (NC) e área danificada (AD). O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal do Tocantins campo experimental de Gurupi-TO ano 2008/09, o delineamento experimental com 18 genótipos de soja EMGOPA-314, P98R91, P98Y51, MSOY-9988, P99R01, M8867RR, M9056RR, M8360RR, M8527RR, FTS-EsperançaRR, FTS-4188, C-M-015, CM-017, CM-136, CM-149, CM-102, A-7002 e MSOY-9350, semeadas em três épocas de plantio dia 03/12/08; 18/12/08; 02/01/09, cada parcela composta de três repetições, Sendo os genótipos de soja utilizados A parcela experimental foi composta por quatro linhas de 5,0 m de comprimento, com espaçamento entre linha de 0,45 m e 12 plantas m-1 linear. Foram analisados a herbivoria da C. arcuatus, quantificação da área foliar danificada (AD) em porcentagem foi utilizada um programa de imagem para quantificar as áreas danificadas pela C arcuatus. Na densidade de tricomas foi avaliada utilizando um microscópio estereoscópico e visualizados discos de 0,5 cm. A espessura foliar foi avaliada a massa seca pela área do disco. Numero de C arcuatus foi realizado utilizando um saco plástico 100x100 avaliando três batidas por parcela. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5 % de probabilidade. A matriz dos genótipos versus variáveis mais a produtividade de grãos (PD) foi submetida à correlação, análise multivariada por agrupamento hierárquico e análise de componentes principais (PCA). Neste trabalho demonstrou que a densidade de tricoma foi um dos parâmetros essenciais na diminuição da herbivoria e influenciou na produtividade de grãos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate levels of herbivory Cerotoma arcuatus Olivier, 1791 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in soybean genotypes, comparing morphological properties such as; trichome density (TD), leaf thickness (EF), number of C.arcuatus (NC) and the damaged area (AD). The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Tocantins experimental field Gurupi-TO 2008/09, the experimental design with 18 soybean genotypes EMGOPA-314, P98R91, P98Y51, MSOY-9988, P99R01, M8867RR, M9056RR, M8360RR, M8527RR, EsperançaRRFTS, FTS-4188, CM-015, CM-017, CM-136, CM-149, CM-102, A-7002- and MSOY 9350 on three sowing dates day 03/12/08; 18 / 12/08, 02/01/09, each plot consisted of three replicates Being soybean genotypes used the experimental plot consisted of four rows 5.0 m long with row spacing of 0.45 m 12 m-1 linear plants. Were analyzed herbivory of C. arcuatus, quantification of leaf area damaged (AD) in percentage was used a program image to quantify the areas damaged by C arcuatus. In trichome density was assessed using a stereoscopic microscope and viewed discs of 0.5 cm. The leaf thickness was measured dry mass by the area of the disc. Number of C arcuatus was performed using a plastic bag 100x100 evaluating three beats per plot. The data were submitted to ANOVA and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The array of genotypes versus more variable grain yield (PD) was subjected to correlation, multivariate hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). This work demonstrated that the density of trichomes was one of the key parameters in reducing herbivory and influence on grain yield in soybean genotypes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Sexual dimorphism occurs frequently in Chrysomelidae Latreille, 1802 and is particularly variable in subfamily Galerucinae Latreille, 1802. This diversity has been early noted by authors a potential source of taxonomic characters. The section Diabroticites (Luperini Gistel, 1848) is one of the largest assemblies of chrysomelid genera with currently 823 valid species in 17 genera (12 based on dimorphic characteristics), being most diverse in the neotropical region. Apart from a revision work on the type specimens for the section, there are no general taxonomic studies for this group. The occurrence of sexually dimorphic characteristics in the section Diabroticites is revised and their practical taxonomic relevance evaluated. A total of 240 species was studied (145 species with males available), representing 15 out of the 17 genera included in Diabroticites. The analysis of characters was based on the study of specimens in south-american collections, literature and the aid of photos in online databases. Sexual dimorphism occurred in most species analyzed. Dimorphic features were divided in general (i. e., occur in higher taxa) and special characters (those that support the definition of species and genera). Special dimorphism was observed in every tagma, and most modifications occur in antennae. Characters used as diagnostic of genera often do not correspond to the modifications present in species included in them. Many modifications were considered by earlier authors as a single character, probably due to vague definitions. Most generic definitions are, therefore, inaccurate. The study of morphology and the homology assessment of characters are needed to increase understanding of the genera in Diabroticites.

RESUMO

A new genus (Borinken) and five new species (Borinken elyunque, Distigmoptera chamorrae, Kiskeya elyunque, Ulrica eltoro, and Ulrica iviei) from Puerto Rico are described and illustrated. A keyto all West Indian Monoplatini genera is provided, as are keys to all speciesof Kiskeya and to the speciesof Ulrica from Puerto Rico. A list of the flea beetle genera, along with the number of species and some of the faunal features is presented and discussed for the West Indies.

RESUMO

The effects of concentrations (0.00, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 percent) of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica - Meliaceae) oil emulsion on the behavioral and biological parameters of M. punctigera were investigated in the laboratory. Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) host plant was used. Multiple and no-choice feeding preference assays were conducted which shown multiple effects. The males were repelled by the neem oil in multiple-choice assay. The adult (multiple-choice) and larvae (multiple and no-choice) feeding were deterred. The larvae mortality was higher in the neem oil treated than the control leaves. Further investigations are suggested to test neem oil in the management of the pest in the field.

Besouros Microtheca punctigera (Achard) são pragas sérias de plantas hospedeiras da família Brassicaceae. Efeitos das concentrações (0,00; 0,25; 0,50; e 1,00 por cento) do óleo emulsionável de nim (Azadirachta indica Meliaceae) sobre parâmetros de comportamento e biologia de M. punctigera foram investigados em laboratório. Nabiça (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) foi a planta hospedeira utilizada. Ensaios de preferência alimentar com múltipla e sem chance de escolha foram conduzidos. Múltiplos efeitos do óleo de nim foram observados. Machos foram repelidos pelo óleo de nim em teste de múltipla escolha. Adultos (múltipla escolha) e larvas (múltipla e sem chance de escolha) sofreram deterrência. A mortalidade de larvas foi mais elevada nos tratamentos com óleo de nim que no tratamento controle. Futuras investigações são sugeridas para testar o óleo de nim no manejo de pragas no campo.