RESUMO
RESUMEN Las hendiduras laríngeas posteriores son anomalías congénitas de la laringe de baja incidencia que comprometen la región interaritenoidea o la lámina cricoidea. En caso de extenderse hasta la tráquea son denominados clefts laringo-tráqueo-esofágicos. Su clínica es inespecífica y debe sospecharse en todo niño con trastorno de deglución y neumonía aspirativa a repetición. A continuación, presentamos un caso de un cleft laríngeo tipo 2 tratado endoscópicamente.
ABSTRACT The posterior laryngeal clefts are congenital anomalies of the larynx of low incidence that comprise the interaritenoid region or the cricoid lamina. In case of extending to the trachea they are called laryngo-tracheo-esophagic clefts. Its clinic is non-specific and should be suspected in any child with swallowing disorder and aspiration pneumonia. We present a case of an endoscopically treated laryngeal cleft type 2.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Anormalidades Congênitas/cirurgia , Anormalidades Congênitas/diagnóstico , Laringe/anormalidades , Laringe/cirurgia , Pneumonia Aspirativa/etiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Endoscopia/métodos , Terapia a LaserRESUMO
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Laryngeal cleft (LC) associated with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) with or without esophageal atresia (EA) has rarely been described. The purpose of this study is to review our experience, clinical features, management, delay in diagnosis, and complications in children with these anomalies. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review at pediatric tertiary referral center. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with LC alone or LC and TEF over a 10-year period were included. Data including demographics, type of TEF and LC, comorbidities, symptoms, management, complications and swallowing outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 161 pediatric patients diagnosed with LC alone and 22 with LC and TEF. In patients with LC and TEF, aspiration was the most common presenting symptom (n = 11, 50%). Seventeen patients (77%, mean age 4 years 7 months) underwent endoscopic repair and five patients (23%) with type I clefts did not require surgery. Two patients required revision surgery. For patients with LC alone, the mean age at repair was 3.70 years (4 months-19.9 years) compared to 4.69 years (8 months-17.83 years) for patients with LC and TEF (P = 0.0187). The postoperative swallowing studies from 15 patients showed no aspiration. Mean follow-up was 4 years and 6 months. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis and management of LC in patients with TEF is often delayed. If a child presents with persistent aspiration after TEF repair, a complete airway endoscopy should be performed to evaluate for vocal fold mobility and cleft. Endoscopic repair is the recommended approach for those patients requiring surgical intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Congênitas/diagnóstico , Atresia Esofágica/diagnóstico , Laringe/anormalidades , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Endoscopia , Atresia Esofágica/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/complicações , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La aspiración es el pasaje de contenido alimentario y de secreciones endógenas hacia la vía aérea. La causa puede ser anatómica, neuromuscular o funcional. La hendidura laríngea es una anomalía congénita poco frecuente que debe ser considerada en el diagnóstico diferencial de síndrome aspirativo en recién nacidos y lactantes. Los síntomas principales son el estridor, las infecciones respiratorias recurrentes, y las crisis de cianosis, tos y asfxia durante la alimentación. El diagnóstico se confrma mediante el examen endoscópico. La conducta terapéutica dependerá, entre otros factores, de la extensión de la hendidura que se presente. Se describen las manifestaciones clínicas, los métodos diagnósticos y el tratamiento de un lactante con esta patología, y se enfatiza la necesidad de reconocer los trastornos de la deglución en los niños a fn de establecer el diagnóstico preciso y el tratamiento apropiado para prevenir y evitar la desnutrición, así como el compromiso pulmonar grave y potencialmente irreversible.
Aspiration is the passage of food content and endogenous secretions into the airway. Anatomical, neuromuscular or functional anomalies are among the major causes. The laryngeal cleft is a rare congenital anomaly that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of aspiration syndrome in neonates and infants. The main symptoms are stridor, recurrent respiratory infections and cyanotic crisis, cough and choking during feeding. The diagnosis is confrmed by endoscopic examination. The therapeutic behaviour will depend on the extent of the cleft, among other factors. We describe the clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment of an infant with this disease, and we emphasize the need for recognition of swallowing disorders in children in order to establish an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent and avoid malnutrition as well as a severe and potentially irreversible lung compromise.
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Anormalidades Congênitas , Laringe/anormalidades , Aspiração Respiratória/etiologia , SíndromeRESUMO
La aspiración es el pasaje de contenido alimentario y de secreciones endógenas hacia la vía aérea. La causa puede ser anatómica, neuromuscular o funcional. La hendidura laríngea es una anomalía congénita poco frecuente que debe ser considerada en el diagnóstico diferencial de síndrome aspirativo en recién nacidos y lactantes. Los síntomas principales son el estridor, las infecciones respiratorias recurrentes, y las crisis de cianosis, tos y asfxia durante la alimentación. El diagnóstico se confrma mediante el examen endoscópico. La conducta terapéutica dependerá, entre otros factores, de la extensión de la hendidura que se presente. Se describen las manifestaciones clínicas, los métodos diagnósticos y el tratamiento de un lactante con esta patología, y se enfatiza la necesidad de reconocer los trastornos de la deglución en los niños a fn de establecer el diagnóstico preciso y el tratamiento apropiado para prevenir y evitar la desnutrición, así como el compromiso pulmonar grave y potencialmente irreversible.(AU)
Aspiration is the passage of food content and endogenous secretions into the airway. Anatomical, neuromuscular or functional anomalies are among the major causes. The laryngeal cleft is a rare congenital anomaly that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of aspiration syndrome in neonates and infants. The main symptoms are stridor, recurrent respiratory infections and cyanotic crisis, cough and choking during feeding. The diagnosis is confrmed by endoscopic examination. The therapeutic behaviour will depend on the extent of the cleft, among other factors. We describe the clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment of an infant with this disease, and we emphasize the need for recognition of swallowing disorders in children in order to establish an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent and avoid malnutrition as well as a severe and potentially irreversible lung compromise.(AU)