RESUMO
Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (fall armyworm) is considered one of the most destructive pests of corn throughout the Americas. Although this pest has been extensively studied, little is known about its larval movement and feeding behavior on reproductive compared to vegetative corn stages. Thus, we conducted studies with two corn stages (R1 and R3) and four corn plant zones (tassel, above ear, ear zone, and below ear) in the field at Concord, NE (USA), and in the field and greenhouse at Botucatu, SP (Brazil), to investigate on-plant larval movement. The effects of different corn tissues (opened tassel, closed tassel, silk, kernel, and leaf), two feeding sequence scenarios (closed tassel-leaf-silk-kernel and leaf-silk-kernel), and artificial diet (positive control) on larval survival and development were also evaluated in the laboratory. Ear zone has a strong effect on feeding choice and survival of fall armyworm larvae regardless of reproductive corn stage. Feeding site choice is made by first-instar. Corn leaves of reproductive plants were not suitable for early instar development, but silk and kernel tissues had a positive effect on survival and development of fall armyworm larvae on reproductive stage corn.
Assuntos
Spodoptera/fisiologia , Zea mays , Animais , Brasil , Comportamento Alimentar , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/fisiologia , Movimento , Nebraska , Spodoptera/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Soil insects are very difficult to be managed. We reviewed the characterization of the CO2 as larval attractants to soil insects. Most studies were achieved with larvae of Diabrotica spp. First instar larvae used CO2 to find host plant. We discussed the possibilities of utilization of this attractant in pest management, including tactics like, to keep larvae far from of plants; to confuse their ability to find the host or to attract them to bait with insectides.
As pragas de hábito subterrâneo estão entre as que apresentam maiores dificuldades de manejo. Revisouse a caracterização do CO2 como atraente larval de insetos de solo. A grande maioria dos estudos fora realizados com larvas de Diabrotica spp. Larvas de primeiro ínstar utilizam CO2 para localização da planta hospedeira. Discute-se a possibilidade de utilização deste atraente no manejo de pragas, o que inclui manter as larvas longe das plantas; confundi-las na habilidade de localizar o hospedeiro, ou em associação com inseticidas como isca.
RESUMO
Soil insects are very difficult to be managed. We reviewed the characterization of the CO2 as larval attractants to soil insects. Most studies were achieved with larvae of Diabrotica spp. First instar larvae used CO2 to find host plant. We discussed the possibilities of utilization of this attractant in pest management, including tactics like, to keep larvae far from of plants; to confuse their ability to find the host or to attract them to bait with insectides.
As pragas de hábito subterrâneo estão entre as que apresentam maiores dificuldades de manejo. Revisouse a caracterização do CO2 como atraente larval de insetos de solo. A grande maioria dos estudos fora realizados com larvas de Diabrotica spp. Larvas de primeiro ínstar utilizam CO2 para localização da planta hospedeira. Discute-se a possibilidade de utilização deste atraente no manejo de pragas, o que inclui manter as larvas longe das plantas; confundi-las na habilidade de localizar o hospedeiro, ou em associação com inseticidas como isca.
RESUMO
Soil insects are very difficult to be managed. We reviewed the characterization of the CO2 as larval attractants to soil insects. Most studies were achieved with larvae of Diabrotica spp. First instar larvae used CO2 to find host plant. We discussed the possibilities of utilization of this attractant in pest management, including tactics like, to keep larvae far from of plants; to confuse their ability to find the host or to attract them to bait with insectides.
As pragas de hábito subterrâneo estão entre as que apresentam maiores dificuldades de manejo. Revisouse a caracterização do CO2 como atraente larval de insetos de solo. A grande maioria dos estudos fora realizados com larvas de Diabrotica spp. Larvas de primeiro Ãnstar utilizam CO2 para localização da planta hospedeira. Discute-se a possibilidade de utilização deste atraente no manejo de pragas, o que inclui manter as larvas longe das plantas; confundi-las na habilidade de localizar o hospedeiro, ou em associação com inseticidas como isca.