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INTRODUCTION: Literature supports numerous benefits of skin-to-skin contact for neonatal adaptation to extrauterine life and bonding/attachment, but few studies explore the effects of skin-to-skin contact on maternal outcomes. This review aims to map the evidence on skin-to-skin contact in the third stage of labor for postpartum hemorrhage prevention. METHODS: Scoping review, which covered stages recommended by the Institute Joanna Briggs, including studies from the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, using the descriptors "Postpartum hemorrhage", "Labor stages, third", "Prevention" and "Kangaroo care/Skin-to-skin". RESULTS: 100 publications on the subject found, 13 articles met the inclusion criteria, with 10,169 dyads were assessed in all studies. Publications from 2008 to 2021 were mostly written in English and designed as a randomized controlled trial. Skin-to-skin contact was effective and significant in: reducing the duration of the third stage of labor; placenta delivery; uterine contractility and physiological involution; absence of atony, decreasing blood loss with lower rates of erythrocyte and hemoglobin drop; reducing the need for synthetic oxytocin and/or ergometrine to control bleeding; and reducing changing pads per period and length of stay. DISCUSSION: Skin-to-skin contact was considered an effective, low-cost, and safe strategy, with positive effects already established in the literature for infants and extremely favorable results in postpartum hemorrhage prevention cases, being highly recommended in assistance for the dyad. Open Science Framework Registry ( https://osf.io/n3685 ).
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Ocitócicos , Hemorragia Pós-Parto , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Hemorragia Pós-Parto/prevenção & controle , Ocitocina , Ergonovina , Parto Obstétrico , Período Pós-Parto , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the impact of skin-to-skin care between parents and infants on cardiac function and cerebral blood flow in preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN: We undertook a prospective study of 40 self-ventilating preterm infants at a quaternary center and assessed cardiac performance and cerebral blood flow. Assessments were carried out two hours before skin-to-skin care and then 60 minutes after skin-to-skin care (with the infant still on parent and turned supine). RESULTS: Infants were 30.5 ± 0.6 weeks' gestational age and 1378 ± 133 g birthweight. Axillary temperature noted a nonsignificant increase during skin-to-skin care from 36.7 ± 0.07°C to 36.9 ± 0.07°C (P = .07). Cardiac contractility (right ventricular fractional area change [26.5% ± 0.3% vs 27.8% ± 0.4; P < .001] and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [0.73 ± 0.03 cm vs 0.77 ± 0.03 cm; P = .02]) increased significantly, coincident with decreased measures of pulmonary vascular resistance. An increase in systemic cardiac output was associated with increased cerebral blood flow and reduced middle cerebral artery resistive index (0.81 ± 0.02 vs 0.74 ± 0.02; P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS: We documented a significant circulatory beneficial adaptation to a common neonatal practice. These findings align with previously documented physiologic benefits in cardiorespiratory stability and cardiac rhythm in preterm infants, and may be mediated through modulation of the autonomic nervous system.
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Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Coração/fisiologia , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/fisiologia , Método Canguru , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
This ethnographic study presents the origins, growth, and collapse of the first Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) program, a well-established practice for neonatal care created in 1978 in Colombia. The WHO and UNICEF praised this zero-cost revolutionary technique for its promotion of skin-to-skin contact between premature and low-birth-weight newborns and family members. KMC facilitates early hospital discharge, brings many clinical and psychological benefits, and constitutes an excellent alternative to placing babies in incubators. However, these benefits and political potential against biomedical interventions were undermined after being relabeled as a "reverse innovation," a business concept that encourages corporate investments in low-income countries to develop technologies that can both solve global health problems and boost multinational corporations profits. In response, I propose "subaltern health innovations" as a label for KMC that accounts for the power dynamics in global health between health care initiatives that originate in the Global South and neoliberal configurations of for-profit biomedicine.
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RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a influência da duração da Posição Canguru nas interações iniciais da díade mãe-filho pré-termo. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, prospectivo exploratório, que analisou, por meio de filmagens, a interação mãe-filho, durante a amamentação, previamente à alta hospitalar, utilizando o "Protocolo de Interação Mãe-Bebê 0 a 6 meses". Foi correlacionado o tempo da Posição Canguru durante toda a internação hospitalar e a interação mãe-filho pré-termo. Todos os recém-nascidos elegíveis (idade gestacional entre 28 e 32 semanas e peso ao nascimento entre 1000 e 1800 g) foram incluídos no período de 11 de junho a 31 de setembro de 2014. Resultados: Quanto maior o tempo em Posição Canguru, mais os recém-nascidos realizaram tentativas de contato físico com as mães durante a amamentação (r=0,37; p=0,03); e quanto maior o tempo na Posição Canguru, menos as mães conversaram com os filhos (r=-0,47; p=0,006). Conclusões: Os dados apontam que o maior tempo de Posição Canguru favorece as trocas iniciais de contato entre o filho pré-termo e a mãe, o que sugere maior estado de alerta e melhor disponibilidade do recém-nascido para interações com a mãe durante a amamentação.
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the influence of the Kangaroo Position duration in the initial interactions between mothers and preterm infants. Methods: This is an exploratory prospective observational study that analyzed the mother-infant interaction during breastfeeding, before hospital discharge. All eligible newborns, with a gestational age of 28-32 weeks and a birth weight of 1,000-1,800 g from June 11 to September 31, 2014 were included. The films of the interaction were evaluated by the "Mother-Baby Interaction Protocol 0-6 months" tool. The duration of the Kangaroo Position during all the hospitalization period was correlated with the interaction between mother and preterm infant. Results: The longer the dyad spent time in the Kangaroo Position, the more the newborns made physical contact attempts with their mothers during breastfeeding (r=0.37; p=0.03); and the longer the time in the Kangaroo Position, the less the mothers talked to their children (r=-0.47; p=0.006). Conclusions: Longer periods in the Kangaroo Position stimulates the initial exchanges of contact between preterm infant with his mother, which suggests a higher alert status of the newborn and a better availability for interactions with the mother during breastfeeding.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Adulto Jovem , Método Canguru/estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Mãe-Filho , Fatores de Tempo , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether heart rate variability (HRV) can serve as a surrogate measure to track regulatory changes during kangaroo care, a period of parental coregulation distinct from regulation within the incubator. STUDY DESIGN: Nurses annotated the starting and ending times of kangaroo care for 3 months. The pre-kangaroo care, during-kangaroo care, and post-kangaroo care data were retrieved in infants with at least 10 accurately annotated kangaroo care sessions. Eight HRV features (5 in the time domain and 3 in the frequency domain) were used to visually and statistically compare the pre-kangaroo care and during-kangaroo care periods. Two of these features, capturing the percentage of heart rate decelerations and the extent of heart rate decelerations, were newly developed for preterm infants. RESULTS: A total of 191 kangaroo care sessions were investigated in 11 preterm infants. Despite clinically irrelevant changes in vital signs, 6 of the 8 HRV features (SD of normal-to-normal intervals, root mean square of the SD, percentage of consecutive normal-to-normal intervals that differ by >50 ms, SD of heart rate decelerations, high-frequency power, and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio) showed a visible and statistically significant difference (P <.01) between stable periods of kangaroo care and pre-kangaroo care. HRV was reduced during kangaroo care owing to a decrease in the extent of transient heart rate decelerations. CONCLUSION: HRV-based features may be clinically useful for capturing the dynamic changes in autonomic regulation in response to kangaroo care and other changes in environment and state.
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Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/fisiologia , Método Canguru/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , MasculinoRESUMO
Resumen ANTECEDENTES: los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo tienen por objeto favorecer el desarrollo neurosensorial y emocional del recién nacido, disminuir el estrés asociado con la atención neonatal, el dolor relacionado con pruebas diagnósticas y los tratamientos invasores. OBJETIVO: describir el grado de implementación de los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales de México. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo. Por medios electrónicos se envió a personal que labora en unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales, que atienden a más de 50 menores de 1500 g cada año, un cuestionario enfocado a los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo. RESULTADOS: de las 39 unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales incluidas: 31% usó cobertores para proteger a las incubadoras de la luz, 10% recurrió a algún método de medición del ruido y 36% aplicó escalas del dolor. El tiempo de acceso de los padres a la unidad fue de 2-3 horas al día (56%). El 13% disponía de sala para padres dentro de la unidad, 36% permitían el método canguro. CONCLUSIONES: se observó falta de estrategias para elevar la cobertura de cuidados centrados en el desarrollo en las UCIN, mejorar la educación de los padres respecto a las medidas utilizadas en este programa y lograr que los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo sean aplicados en todas las regiones debido a su bajo costo y gran beneficio.
Abstract BACKGROUND: The objective of Developmental Centered Care (DCC) is to favor the neurosensorial and emotional development of the newborn and to decrease the stress associated to neonatal care and the pain related to diagnostic tests and invasive treatments. OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation extent of the DCC in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross sectional, observational and descriptive study. A questionnaire focused on DCC was sent via online to personnel working in NICUs that attend more than 50 children weighting less than 1.500 gr every year. RESULTS: A total of 39 NICUs were studied: 31% use covers as a mean of protection from light, 10% use methods of noise measurement, 36% employ pain assessment scales. The access of the parents to the units is 2-3 hours per day (56%); 13% of the units have a room exclusively for parents available inside the unit, and 36% allow the Kangaroo Care Method to be performed. CONCLUSION: A lack of strategies is noted to raise the coverage of these care methods in the NICUs, to improve the education of the parents respecting the measures used in this program, and to achieve that the DCC is applied in every region due to its low cost and great benefit.
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RESUMO Objetivo Conhecer as percepções dos profissionais de saúde da Atenção Básica sobre o seguimento do bebê pré-termo e/ou de baixo peso e sua família e a interface com a terceira etapa do Método Canguru. Método Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Joinville, Santa Catarina. Os dados foram coletados no período de setembro a outubro de 2014 através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 31 profissionais de saúde. Para o tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados Emergiram as categorias: Organização do seguimento na Atenção Básica; O enigmático bebê pré-termo e/ou de baixo peso e sua puericultura na Atenção Básica; As interfaces da terceira etapa do Método Canguru com a Atenção Básica. Conclusão A participação da Atenção Básica no Método Canguru ainda é tímida, o cuidado prestado ao bebê pré-termo é permeado de insegurança e ainda focado no modelo biomédico.
RESUMEN Objetivo conocer las percepciones de los profesionales de salud de atención de la Atención Primaria, sobre el seguimiento de los bebés pretérmino y/o de bajo peso al nacer y su familia, y la interfaz con la tercera etapa del Método Canguro. Método Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado en Unidades Básicas de Salud en el municipio de Joinville, Santa Catarina. Los datos fueron recogidos entre septiembre a octubre, 2014, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 31 profesionales de la salud. Para el tratamiento de los datos se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido, modalidad temática. Resultados Emergieron las siguientes categorías: La organización del seguimiento en la Atención Primaria; el enigmático bebé pretérmino y/o de bajo peso al nacer y su puericultura en la Atención Primaria; Las interfaces de la tercera etapa del Método Canguro con la Atención Básica. Conclusión La participación de la Atención Primaria en el Método Canguro aún es tímida, y el cuidado al bebé pretérmino está permeado de inseguridad y todavía está centrado en el modelo biomédico.
ABSTRACT Objective To know the perceptions of health professionals in primary care on the follow-up of preterm and/or low birth weight babies and their families, and the interface with the third stage of Kangaroo Care. Method Exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach, carried out in Basic Health Units in the municipality of Joinville, Santa Catarina. The data were collected between September and October of 2014, through semi-structured interviews, with 31 health professionals. Data treatment was performed through content analysis technique, thematic modality. Results The following categories emerged: Segment organization in Primary Care; The enigmatic preterm and/or low weight baby and childcare in primary health care; The interfaces of the third stage of Kangaroo Care with Primary Care. Conclusion The use of Kangaroo Care in Primary Care is still shy, caring for preterm babies is fraught with uncertainty and still focused on the biomedical model.
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Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Método Canguru , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Seguimentos , Método Canguru/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do método canguru sobre o aleitamento materno exclusivo nos 6 primeiros meses de vida em recém-nascidos de baixo peso. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo realizado com 43 bebês (23 do grupo canguru e 20 do grupo-controle) com peso < 2.000 g e permanência na unidade neonatal por pelo menos 7 dias. Os grupos foram comparados quanto à frequência da amamentação exclusiva até o sexto mês de vida, utilizando-se o teste do qui-quadrado, adotando-se nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: A amamentação exclusiva foi superior no grupo canguru à alta (82,6 versus 0 por cento; p = 0,00), às 40 semanas de idade gestacional (73,9 versus 31,6 por cento; p = 0,01), aos 3 meses (43,5 versus 5,0 por cento; p = 0,005) e aos 6 meses (22,7 versus 5,9 por cento; p = 0,20) de vida. CONCLUSÃO: O método canguru foi facilitador da amamentação exclusiva para bebês de baixo peso até o sexto mês de vida.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of kangaroo care on exclusive breastfeeding in low birth weight newborns until 6 months of life. METHODS: Prospective study carried out with 43 newborns (23 allocated in the kangaroo group and 23 in a control group) weighing < 2,000 g and staying in the neonatal unit for at least 7 days. Exclusive breastfeeding rates between the groups were compared until the age of 6 months. The chi-square test for categorical variables was used and the statistical significance level was 0.05. RESULTS: Exclusive breastfeeding rates were higher in the kangaroo group at hospital discharge (82.6 vs. 0 percent; p = 0.00), at 40 weeks of gestational age (73.9 vs. 31.6 percent; p = 0.01), at 3 months (43.5 vs. 5.0 percent; p = 0.005), and at 6 months (22.7 vs. 5.9 percent; p = 0.20). CONCLUSION: Kangaroo care showed to be a facilitator of exclusive breastfeeding for low birth weight newborns until 6 months of life.