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This work analyzes the role of the tight junction (TJ) protein ZO-2 on mechanosensation. We found that the lack of ZO-2 reduced apical membrane rigidity measured with atomic force microscopy, inhibited the association of γ-actin and JAM-A to the cell border, and instead facilitated p114RhoGEF and afadin accumulation at the junction, leading to an enhanced mechanical tension at the TJ measured by FRET, with a ZO-1 tension probe, and increased tricellular TJ tension. Simultaneously, adherens junction tension measured with an E-cadherin probe was unaltered. The stability of JAM-A and ZO-2 binding was assessed by a collaborative in silico study. The absence of ZO-2 also impacted the cell response to the substrate, as monolayers plated in 20 kPa hydrogels developed holes not seen in parental cultures and displayed a retarded elongation and formation of cell aggregates. The absence of ZO-2 was sufficient to induce YAP and Snail nuclear accumulation in cells cultured over glass, but when ZO-2 KD cells were plated in nanostructured ridge arrays, they displayed an increased abundance of nuclear Snail and conspicuous internalization of claudin-4. These results indicate that the absence of ZO-2 also impairs the response of cells to substrate stiffness and exacerbates transformation triggered by substrate topography.

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El vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno (VPPB) es un síndrome vestibular episódico (SVE) que es reconocido por ser el trastorno más frecuente observado en la clínica, siendo de buena y pronta resolución en la gran mayoría de los casos. Sin embargo, pueden presentarse variantes muy poco habituales o atípicas, donde el canalith jam es una de las formas más resistentes al tratamiento mediante maniobras de reposición, y por lo mismo, el reconocimiento adecuado de este cuadro es esencial para su correcto abordaje. Se presentan dos casos de VPPB con canalith jam en el CSC horizontal y se proponen cinco criterios diagnósticos para su identificación.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is an episodic vestibular syndrome (EVS) that is recognized for being the most frequent disorder observed in the clinic, with good and prompt resolution in the vast majority of cases. However, very unusual or atypical variants can occur, where the canalith jam is one of the forms most resistant to treatment by means of repositioning maneuvers, and for the same reason, the adequate recognition of this condition is essential for its correct approach. Two cases of BPPV with canalith jam in the horizontal semicircular canal and five diagnostic criteria for its identification are presented.

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Reversible data hiding (RDH) is crucial in modern data security, ensuring confidentiality and tamper-proofness in various industries like copyright protection, medical imaging, and digital forensics. As technology advances, RDH techniques become essential, but the trade-off between embedding capacity and visual quality must be heeded. In this paper, the relative correlation between the pixel's local complexity and its directional prediction error is employed to enhance an efficient RDH without using a location map. An embedding process based on multiple cumulative peak region localization (MCPRL) is proposed to hide information in the 3D-directional prediction error histogram with a lower local complexity value and avoid the underflow/overflow problems. The carrier image is divided into three color channels, and then each channel is split into two non-overlapping sets: blank and shadow. Two half-directional prediction errors (the blank set and the shadow set) are constructed to generate a full-directional prediction error for each color channel belonging to the host image. The local complexity value and directional prediction error are critical metrics in the proposed embedding process to improve security and robustness. By utilizing these metrics to construct a 3D stego-Blank Set, the 3D stego-shadow Set will be subsequently constructed using the 3D blank set. The proposed technique outperforms other state-of-the-art techniques in terms of embedding capacity, image quality, and robustness against attacks without an extra location map. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for various 3D RDH techniques.

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Quince fruit (Cydonia oblonga Miller) is an important source of bioactive compounds, especially of phenolic compounds, that's why it is considered a good source of antioxidants. However, it is known that the antioxidant characteristics and the beneficial effect of foods are affected by the variety, geographical origin, processing and gastrointestinal digestion. In this work, the effects of the geographical origin, processing, and simulated digestion of quince jam on its antioxidant characteristics were studied. Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity were determined in quince fruit and jam from four different locations in San Juan, Argentina. The results showed that quince fruit samples from St. Lucia had the highest total phenolic content (5.13 mg GAE/g; p < 0.05) and in vitro antioxidant capacity measured by ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and radical-scavenging capacity assay (DPPH· and ABTS·+ ). With regard to quince jam, a positive effect was observed on its antioxidant characteristics after processing. Twenty-one phenolics were detected in jam, being most of them derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids (eg. 5-caffeoylquinic acid; 4-caffeoylquinic acid and quinic acid). Studies on stability and bioaccessibility of quince phenolics showed that less than 25% of the initial phenolics in jam were detected after digestion being quinic acid and hydroxycinnamic acids the most resistant. The in vitro antioxidant capacity showed, in general, a similar trend to the phenolics content throughout the digestion process. The results obtained showed that the antioxidant activity of quince and jam is related to the type and amount of phenolics in the samples, which depends on the geographical origin, processing, and gastrointestinal digestion. These variables are not always taken into account when studying the probable antioxidant activity of food, even though they should be considered for a complete nutritional evaluation of a food.

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Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is an uncommon degenerative neurological disease that can be hereditary or sporadic, and manifests equally in both sexes and at any age. Several studies initially identified variants in four different genes as the cause of the disorder, all with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern: SLC20A2, PDGFRB, PDGFB and XPR1. However, there have been reports of the involvement of additional genes in the autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, such as MYORG and more recently JAM2, suggesting that the deregulation of the neurovascular unit (NVU) is important in the pathogenesis of PFBC. The recent study by Schottlaender and collaborators (2020) has added new data to foster these analyses and to enable a better understanding of this underdiagnosed and intriguing neuropsychiatric condition. A great challenge now is to design a model that explains how different pathways might lead to similar neuroimaging findings but with variable clinical outcome, and with marked severity in cases linked to MYORG and JAM2. Currently available databases of detailed gene expression in different vascular cell types from the mouse brain could be used to explore a possible integrative model.

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BACKGROUND: Cultural safety, whereby health professionals respect and promote the cultural identity of patients, could reduce intercultural tensions that hinder patient access to effective health services in Colombia. Game jams are participatory events to create educational games, a potentially engaging learning environment for Millennial medical students. We set out to determine whether medical student participation in a game jam on cultural safety is more effective than more conventional education in changing self-reported intended patient-oriented behavior and confidence in transcultural skills. METHODS: We conducted a parallel-group, two-arm randomized controlled trial with 1:1 allocation. Colombian medical students and medical interns at University of La Sabana participated in the trial. The intervention was a game jam to create an educational game on cultural safety, and the reference was a standard lesson plus an interactive workshop on cultural safety. Both sessions lasted eight hours. Stratified randomization allocated the participants to the intervention and control groups, with masked allocation until commencement. RESULTS: 531 students completed the baseline survey, 347 completed the survey immediately after the intervention, and 336 completed the survey after 6 months. After the intervention, game jam participants did not have better intentions of culturally safe behaviour than did participants in the reference group (difference in means: 0.08 95% CI - 0.05 to 0.23); both groups had an improvement in this outcome. Multivariate analysis adjusted by clusters confirmed that game jam learning was associated with higher transcultural self-efficacy immediately after the intervention (wt OR 2.03 cl adj 95% CI 1.25-3.30). CONCLUSIONS: Game jam learning improved cultural safety intentions of Colombian medical students to a similar degree as did a carefully designed lecture and interactive workshop. The game jam was also associated with positive change in participant transcultural self-efficacy. We encourage further research to explore the impact of cultural safety training on patient-related outcomes. Our experience could inform initiatives to introduce cultural safety training in other multicultural settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered on ISRCTN registry on July 18th 2019. Registration number: ISRCTN14261595 .

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BACKGROUND: Cultural safety encourages practitioners to examine how their own culture shapes their clinical practice and to respect their patients' worldviews. Lack of cultural safety in health care is linked to stigma and discrimination toward culturally diverse patients. Training in cultural safety poses considerable challenges. It is an unappealing subject for medical students and requires behavioral changes in their clinical practice. Game jams-collaborative workshops to create and play games-have recently shown effectiveness and engaging potential in university-level education. OBJECTIVE: The trial aims to determine if medical students' participation in a game jam to design an educational game on cultural safety is more effective than a standard lesson on cultural safety in terms of change in the students' self-reported intended patient-oriented behavior. METHODS: A parallel-group, 2-arm randomized controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio will randomize 340 medical students and 60 medical interns (n=400) at the Faculty of Medicine at La Sabana University, Colombia (170 students and 30 medical interns to each arm). The intervention group will participate in an 8-hour game jam comprising (1) a preliminary lecture on cultural safety and game design, (2) a game building session where groups of students will create educational games about cultural safety, and (3) a play-test session in which students will play and learn from each other's games. The control group will receive a standard lesson, including a 2-hour lecture on cultural safety, followed by a 6-hour workshop to create posters about cultural safety. Web-based self-administered 30-item Likert-type questionnaires will assess cultural safety self-reported intended behavior before, immediately after, and 6 months after the intervention. An intention-to-treat approach will use a t-test with 95% CIs to determine the significance of the effect of the intervention, including within- and between-group comparisons. The qualitative most significant change technique will explore the impact of the intervention on the clinical experience of the students. RESULTS: Study enrollment began in July 2019. A total of 531 students completed the baseline survey and were randomized. Data collection is expected to be complete by July 2020, and results are expected in October 2020. The study was approved by the institutional review board of the Faculty of Medicine at McGill University (May 31, 2017) and by the Subcommittee for Research of the Faculty of Medicine at La Sabana University (approval number 445). CONCLUSIONS: The research will develop participatory methods in game-based learning co-design that might be relevant to other subjects. Ultimately, it should foster improved cultural safety skills for medical students, improve the quality of health services for diverse cultural groups, and contribute to enhanced population health. Game learning may provide an innovative solution to a long-standing and neglected problem in medical education, helping to meet the educational expectations and needs of millennial medical students. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN14261595; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN14261595.

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Orange is highly nutritious and a source of phytochemical compounds. However, its by-products are usually discarded. In this study, we evaluated the effect of orange peel (OP) addition in orange jam on sensory, physicochemical, and nutritional characteristics. Four jam formulations were elaborated with different OP levels: OP0 (standard), OP4, OP8, and OP12 (Orange Peel 0, 4, 8 and 12%, respectively). All samples were evaluated for sensory acceptability, and physicochemical and nutritional composition. The addition of 12% orange peel in jam reduced (p < 0.05) the acceptability for all evaluated attributes, as well as overall acceptance and purchase intention. However, OP utilization increased (p < 0.05) the levels of water activity, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and sugars. Soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, luminosity (L*), and yellow content (b*) decreased in all added OP jams, while red content (a*) increased. No change in the pH and moisture values of the product were observed after OP addition. Ash, protein, lipid, dietary fiber, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity values increased after OP addition, while carbohydrate and energy content decreased. A texture test showed that adhesiveness decreased, while gumminess, chewiness, and elasticity increased after OP addition. We concluded that the addition of up to 8% orange peel in jam maintains sensory acceptability similar to that of the standard product. OP addition is a viable alternative to improve some of the product's physicochemical and nutritional characteristics.

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During foraging, thousands of leaf-cutting ant workers travel along high traffic foraging trails which, when narrow, reduce the leaf delivery rate due to the reduction in workers' travel-speed. On the other hand, high worker traffic promotes head-on encounters which are supposed to mediate worker task allocation and so could constitute a cue which induces traffic reduction. Very small workers along trails, for example, could change their task between marking the trail chemically to hitchhiking. Since they assume the hitchhiker function even in the absence of phorid parasitoids, one can suppose that hitchhiker behavior could be a strategy mediated by head-on encounters to avoid the high density of workers. Thus, we studied how the variation of worker density on the trail influences the hitchhiker frequency, testing the hypothesis that very small workers climb on the transported leaves to reduce trail traffic. Therefore, five Acromyrmex subterraneus colonies were linked to a foraging area by trails of different width (1.5 or 3 cm). We counted the number of hitchhikers and the outbound worker flow. The frequency of hitchhikers increased along narrow trails, and also due to outbound workers in both trail widths. Regardless of outbound foraging flow being comparable in both trail widths, the narrower ones had high density of workers leading to a presumed increase in head-on encounters. Head-on encounter rates cause a reduction in travel speed and, furthermore, are regulatory factors of task-allocation. Thus, high density trails lead to an increase in the rate of head-on encounters which could constitute as a stimulus to task-allocation of very small workers to the function of hitchhiker to avoid traffic jams.

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This study evaluated the physicochemical characterization and rheological behavior of gabiroba pulp, and a gabiroba jam formulation. Gabiroba pulp presented a heterogeneous ultrastructure with a denser area formed by a compact mesh and a porous interface containing fibers. The fibers' presence promoted a slip effect when the gabiroba pulp was subjected to shear. Gabiroba pulp showed a gel behavior with thermal stability. Gabiroba jam, developed using pulp as the raw material, had shear thinning behavior exhibiting yield stress described by the Herschel-Bulkley model. The dynamic oscillatory analysis showed that gabiroba jam typically behaved like a gel, i.e., G' values higher than the G″ in all frequency ranges evaluated. The results showed that gabiroba pulp is suitable for use as a raw material in the development of food products such as jam, encouraging the preservation of this native Brazilian species.

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A study of the influence of the use of images in a conjoint analysis combined with check-all-that apply (CATA) questions on jams was carried out. The relative importance of flavor and the information presented in the label in the willingness to purchase and the perception of how healthy the product is has been evaluated. Sixty consumers evaluated the stimuli presented only in text format (session 1), and another group of 60 consumers did so by receiving the stimuli in text format along with an image of the product (session 2). In addition, for each stimulus, consumers answered a CATA question consisting of 20 terms related to their involvement with the product. The perception of healthy increased when the texts were accompanied with images and also increased when the text included information. Willingness to purchase was only influenced by the flavor of the jams. The presence of images did not influence the CATA question's choice of terms, which were influenced by the information presented in the text. The use of a check-all-that-apply question in concepts provided an interesting possibility when they were combined with the results from the conjoint analysis, improving the comprehension of consumers' perception. Using CATA questions as an alternative way of evaluating consumer involvement seems to be beneficial and should be evaluated much further.

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A geleia é uma alternativa para o aproveitamento de frutas, tendo em vista a diversidade e a quantidade produzida no Brasil. Objetivou-se através desta pesquisa avaliar as condições microbiológicas de geleias caseiras comercializadas em estabelecimentos localizados às margens da BR 364 no estado de Rondônia. Os micro-organismos pesquisados foram coliformes totais, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, bolores e leveduras. Foram avaliadas 20 amostras de geleias e verificou-se que todas estavam de acordo com o padrão microbiológico estabelecido pela legislação RDC n° 12, de 02 de Janeiro de 2001, por apresentarem índice de contaminação fúngica com valores aceitáveis. Embora os resultados estejam de acordo com a legislação brasileira vigente, deve- -se levar em consideração que a presença de fungos, em longo prazo, implica em proliferação dos mesmos e, consequentemente, a deterioração das geleias, além de possível produção de micotoxinas durante seu armazenamento.

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A geleia é uma alternativa para o aproveitamento de frutas, tendo em vista a diversidade e a quantidade produzida no Brasil. Objetivou-se através desta pesquisa avaliar as condições microbiológicas de geleias caseiras comercializadas em estabelecimentos localizados às margens da BR 364 no estado de Rondônia. Os micro-organismos pesquisados foram coliformes totais, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, bolores e leveduras. Foram avaliadas 20 amostras de geleias e verificou-se que todas estavam de acordo com o padrão microbiológico estabelecido pela legislação RDC nº 12, de 02 de Janeiro de 2001, por apresentarem índice de contaminação fúngica com valores aceitáveis. Embora os resultados estejam de acordo com a legislação brasileira vigente, deve-se levar em consideração que a presença de fungos, em longo prazo, implica em proliferação dos mesmos e, consequentemente, a deterioração das geleias, além de possível produção de micotoxinas durante seu armazenamento.(AU)

Jams are an alternative to the use of fruits in view of the variety and amount produced in Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the microbiological conditions of homemade jams sold in establishments located along the BR 364 in the state of Rondônia. Microorganisms surveyed were total coliforms, positive Staphylococcus coagulase, yeasts and molds. It were evaluated 20 samples of jams, and it was found that all were in compliance with the microbiological standards established by law RDC No. 12 of January 2nd, 2001, by presenting fungal infection rate with acceptable values. While the results are according to current Brazilian law, it should take into account that the presence of fungi in the long term involves proliferation of the same and therefore the deterioration of jams, as well as possible production of mycotoxins during storage.(AU)

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Tight junctions (TJs) are highly specialized membrane domains involved in many important cellular processes such as the regulation of the passage of ions and macromolecules across the paracellular space and the establishment of cell polarity in epithelial cells. Over the past few years there has been increasing evidence that different components of the TJs can be hijacked by viruses in order to complete their infectious cycle. Viruses from at least nine different families of DNA and RNA viruses have been reported to use TJ proteins in their benefit. For example, TJ proteins such as JAM-A or some members of the claudin family of proteins are used by members of the Reoviridae family and hepatitis C virus as receptors or co-receptors during their entry into their host cells. Reovirus, in addition, takes advantage of the TJ protein Junction Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) to achieve its hematogenous dissemination. Some other viruses are capable of regulating the expression or the localization of TJ proteins to induce cell transformation or to improve the efficiency of their exit process. This review encompasses the importance of TJs for viral entry, replication, dissemination, and egress, and makes a clear statement of the importance of studying these proteins to gain a better understanding of the replication strategies used by viruses that infect epithelial and/or endothelial cells.

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The barrier properties of endothelial cells are critical for the maintenance of water and protein balance between the intravascular and extravascular compartments. An impairment of endothelial barrier function has been implicated in the genesis and/or progression of a variety of pathological conditions, including pulmonary edema, ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative disorders, angioedema, sepsis and cancer. The altered barrier function in these conditions is often linked to the release of soluble mediators from resident cells (e.g., mast cells, macrophages) and/or recruited blood cells. The interaction of the mediators with receptors expressed on the surface of endothelial cells diminishes barrier function either by altering the expression of adhesive proteins in the inter-endothelial junctions, by altering the organization of the cytoskeleton, or both. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), proteolytic enzymes (e.g., matrix metalloproteinase, elastase), oncostatin M, and VEGF are part of a long list of mediators that have been implicated in endothelial barrier failure. In this review, we address the role of blood borne cells, including, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets, in the regulation of endothelial barrier function in health and disease. Attention is also devoted to new targets for therapeutic intervention in disease states with morbidity and mortality related to endothelial barrier dysfunction.

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This study aimed to evaluate the physical-chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of four formulations of yacon jams. The following characteristics were analyzed: chemical composition, soluble solids, pH, microbiological presence of total coliforms and salmonella at 45 °C, and presence of fungi and yeasts. The yacon jams exhibited high moisture content (> 62%) as well as high concentrations of carbohydrates (> 28%) and total dietary fiber (2.5%), mainly fructooligosaccharides (> 0.9%). The average energy value was 124.6 kcal/100 g. The average pH was 3.8 and the soluble solids measured 27.6 °Brix. All yacon jams complied with standard microbiological requirements and received high acceptance scores, especially the yacon jam and yacon jam with cinnamon. Yacon jam products may offer an excellent alternative to more common jams due to their lower concentrations of simple sugar, lower calorie value, increased presence of dietary fibers, and desirable sensory characteristics.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las características físico-químicas, microbiológicas y sensoriales de cuatro formulaciones de mermeladas de yacón. Las características analizadas fueron: composición química, contenido de sólidos solubles, pH, presencia microbiológica de coliformes totales, coliformes y salmonella a 45 °C, y la presencia de hongos y levaduras. Los atascos de yacón mostraron alto contenido de humedad (> 62%), así como altas concentraciones de hidratos de carbono (> 28%) y fibra dietética total (2, 5%), principalmente fructooligosacáridos (> 0, 9%). El valor energético promedio fue de 124, 6 kcal/100g. El pH promedio fue de 3, 8 y los sólidos solubles mide 27, 6 ° Brix. Todas las mermeladas de yacón cumplido con los requisitos microbiológicos estándar y recibió altos puntajes de aceptación, en especial la mermelada de yacón y mermelada de yacón con canela. Productos de mermelada de yacón pueden ofrecer una excelente alternativa a los atascos más comunes debido a sus concentraciones más bajas de azúcar simple, un valor más bajo de calorías, el aumento de la presencia de fibras dietéticas y las características sensoriales deseadas.

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As barras de cereais são produtos multicomponentes constituído de cereais, frutas secas e xarope ligante, podendo-se adicionar as partes consumíveis de frutas e vegetais que usualmente não são aproveitadas e que possuem um alto valor nutritivo, diminuindo assim o desperdício de alimentos. Foi elaborada uma geléia a base de cascas de abacaxi, que foi utilizada em 13,5% na formulação de uma barra de cereal. A barra desenvolvida foi avaliada sensorialmente e teve sua composição centesimal e mineral determinada. O novo produto obteve média de impressão global de 8,3 em uma escala hedônica de nove pontos, 91% de índice de aceitabilidade e 67% de intenção de compra. Neste primeiro uso da geléia de casca de abacaxi como ingrediente alimentar, pode-se concluir que a sua incorporação na formulação de barra de cereais é viável, gerando produto aceito, com fibras, proteínas e minerais, podendo ser uma alternativa às barras de cereais tradicionais.

Development of cereal bar with pineapple skin.

The cereal bars are multi-component products consisting of cereals, dried fruit and syrup binder and may be added to the consumable parts of fruits and vegetables which usually are not exploited and have high nutritional value, thereby reducing food waste. It was developed a jam with pineapple skin, which it was utilized in 13.5% in the cereal bar formulation. The cereal bar was sensorial evaluated and had its centesimal and mineral composition determined. The new product achieved average of 8.3 for global impression using 9 points hedonic scale, 91% of acceptance rate and 67% of purchase intent. In this first use of pineapple skin jam as food ingredient it can be concluded that its aggregation in the cereal bar formula is feasible, making an accepted product with fibers, proteins and minerals, as an alternative to traditional cereal bars.

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Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar a qualidade de geléias formuladas com níveis de 0 por cento, 25 por cento, 50 por cento, 75 por cento e 100 por cento de cascas em substituição à polpa de manga (Mangifera indica L. cv. Haden). Os critérios de qualidade utilizados foram os teores de umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídios, carboidratos totais, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores, sacarose, vitamina C, fibra insolúvel, pectina, acidez titulável e sólidos solúveis nas polpas e cascas das mangas e nos diferentes tratamentos. Observou-se que nos tratamentos com substituição da polpa por cascas encontraram-se teores significativamente maiores de proteínas, fibras insolúveis e sacarose e menores valores calóricos, acidez titulável, carboidratos totais e açúcares totais em relação ao controle. Os tratamentos foram semelhantes em relação ao teor de vitamina C e sólidos solúveis. Com a elevação dos níveis de cascas em substituição à polpa observou-se aumento do teor de cinzas, fibras insolúveis e sacarose e redução dos açúcares redutores. Concluiu-se que a substituição parcial ou total de polpa por cascas de manga na formulação melhora o valor nutricional e funcional das geléias apesar da diminuição do valor calórico, com benefícios econômicos e ambientais.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of jams formulated with peel levels of 0 percent, 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent in substitution to mango pulp (Mangifera indica L. cv. Haden). The quality criteria were moisture, ashes, proteins, fat, total carbohydrate, total sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, vitamin C, insoluble fiber, pectin, titrable fruit acidity, soluble solids contents and pH in the mango pulp, mango peels and different treatments. It was observed that in the treatments with substitution of pulp by peels, the contents of proteins, insoluble fiber and sucrose were significantly higher than the control. The caloric values, titrable fruit acidity, total carbohydrate and total sugars were lower than the control. There was no significant difference among the treatments regarding vitamin C and soluble solids contents. With the increase of levels of peels in substitution to pulp it was observed an increase in ashes, insoluble fiber and sucrose and decrease in reducing sugar contents. As a conclusion, the partial or total substitution of pulp by mango peels in the formulation improved the nutritional and functional values of the jams, in addition of a decrease in the caloric value, with economic and environmental advantages.

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Os edulcorantes são aditivos alimentares definidos como substâncias de sabor doce, que apresentam valores calóricos inferiores ao da sacarose e com quantidades equivalentes ou superiores ao poder adoçante desta. De acordo com suas características específicas de intensidade e persistência do sabor doce, assim como, presença ou não de sabor residual, vão influenciar na sua preferência pelos consumidores. Este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar doce de goiaba em calda preparado com frutose, aspartame e ciclamato + sacarina a fim de verificar seu rendimento e preferência em relação ao doce preparado com sacarose (Padrão). Foi realizada a análise sensorial, utilizando o teste de comparação múltipla em relação à preferência das amostras em relação à Padrão. Os resultados foram avaliados através da análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de média Dunnett, onde se verificou se existia diferença significativa (p 0,05) entre as amostras e a Padrão. Para os resultados da analise de preferência, verificou-se que os doces experimentais apresentaram diferença significativa em relação ao Padrão (p 0,05). Através de relatos descritos pelos provadores, verificou-se que os doces elaborados com edulcorantes de baixo teor calórico apresentam sabor residual e consistência mais macia. Quanto ao rendimento o doce de goiaba Padrão obteve maior rendimento seguido de ciclamato de sódio + sacarina e frutos e, respectivamente. No entanto, a sua utilização por indivíduos que necessitam de dietas especiais, têm sido de grande importância. (AU)

The edulcorants are alimentary supplement defined like substance of sweet flavor, and may contain in your molecular composition, sugars or sugars alcohols, that show less caloric values than sucrose and with equivalent or upper capacity to sweeten. According to your specific feature of intensity and persistence of the sweet flavor, so like, presence or not of residual flavor, it can influence in your preference by part of consumers. This study is going to try to compare the sensorials attributes of guava jam prepared with fructose, aspartame, cyclamate + saccharin - with regard to guava jam prepared with sucrose and evaluete your respective incomes. It was done a sensorial analysis, through of multiple comparation test (or control's diference test), with 30 taster non trained. The results were calculated through of variation analysis (ANOVA) and Dunneit's average test, where we confirmed that exist significative diference (p 0,05) among the 3 samples and standard. The guava jam with sucrose has obtained higher incomes than cyclamate + saccharin. Observing the results and reports obtained in this study, we can suggest that the sweets elaborated with edulcorants contained low calorie purport show residual flavour, so like significative diferences with standard sweet. Nevertheless, your utilization by individuals needing special diets, has been very important. (AU)

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