RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the poorly understood burden of pulmonary exacerbations experienced by primary caregivers of children (aged 2-17 years) with cystic fibrosis (CF), who frequently require prolonged hospitalizations for treatment of pulmonary exacerbations with intravenous (IV) antibiotics. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective observational study, 88 caregivers in Germany, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the US completed a survey during pulmonary exacerbation-related hospitalizations (T1) and after return to a "well state" of health (T2). The impact of pulmonary exacerbations on caregiver-reported productivity, mental/physical health, and social/family/emotional functioning was quantified. RESULTS: Primary caregivers of children with CF reported significantly increased burden during pulmonary exacerbations, as measured by the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey mental health component and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Specific Health Problem absenteeism, presenteeism, work productivity loss, and activity impairment component scores. Compared to the "well state," during pulmonary exacerbations-related hospitalization caregivers reported lower physical health scores on the Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 28. Quality-of-life scores on the Caregiver Quality of Life Cystic Fibrosis scale and total support score on the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support did not differ significantly between T1 and T2. More caregivers reported a negative impact on family/social/emotional functioning during pulmonary exacerbations than during the "well state." CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary exacerbations necessitating hospitalization impose a significant burden on primary caregivers of children with CF. Preventing pulmonary exacerbations may substantially reduce this burden.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Cuidadores/psicologia , Fibrose Cística/terapia , Eficiência , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/métodos , Saúde Mental , Qualidade de Vida , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fibrose Cística/epidemiologia , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morbidade/tendências , Estudos Prospectivos , Apoio Social , Reino Unido/epidemiologiaRESUMO
La decisión de hospitalizar o no un niño con Infección Urinaria (IU) no debe sustentarse de forma exclusiva en el diagnóstico de pielonefritis aguda, ya que estudios recientes han mostrado que en los pacientes con buen estado general y, sin antecedentes de uropatía importante, el tratamiento ambulatorio con antibióticos por vía oral es eficaz y seguro. Por ello, la decisión de ingreso se debe basar fundamentalmente en la valoración de la situación clínica del paciente y el riesgo estimado de complicaciones generales. En esta revisión se evalúa la eficacia y seguridad de los antibióticos que se utilizan para tratar pielonefritis aguda en niños que requieren ser hospitalizados, se especifican los agentes antibióticos óptimos, así como la vía de administración y la duración del tratamiento adecuadas para este grupo de pacientes. Asimismo, se revisan los aspectos particulares de la IU en el neonato, debido a las características especiales del sistema inmune en este grupo de edad.
The decision to hospitalize a child with urinary tract infection should not rely exclusively on the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis, for recent studies have demonstrated that ambulatory treatment with oral antibiotics is safe and efficient in patients with good general status and no history of urological abnormalities. For this reason, the decision to admit the patient should be based on the assessment of clinical conditions and the estimated risk of general complications. This review evaluates the efficiency and safety of antibiotics employed in children with acute pyelonephritis who require hospitalization, specifies the appropriate antibiotics, as well as the route and length of the treatment. Particular aspects of urinary tract infection in the newborn due to the special characteristics of the immune system at this age are also reviewed.