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The distribution and amount of intramuscular fat and fibrous tissue can be influenced by biological sex and impact muscle quality in both the functional (force-generating capacity) and morphological (muscle composition) domains. While ultrasonography (US) has proven effective in assessing age- or sex-related differences in muscle quality, limited information is available on sex differences in children. Quantitative ultrasonographic measurements, such as echo intensity (EI), EI bands (number of pixels across 50-unit intervals) and texture, may offer a comprehensive framework for identifying sex differences in muscle composition. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of sex on the rectus femoris (RF) muscle quality in children. We used EI (mean and bands) and texture as muscle quality estimates derived from B-mode US. We hypothesised that RF muscle quality differs significantly between girls and boys. Additionally, we also hypothesised that there is a significant correlation between EI bands and texture. Forty-four non-active healthy children were recruited (n = 22 girls, 12.8 ± 1.5 years; and n = 22 boys, 13.5 ± 1.2 years). RF was assessed using EI mean, EI bands, and texture analysis (homogeneity and correlation) using the Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) sex differences in RF EI bands and texture. Boys displayed higher values in the 0-50 EI band and had more homogeneous muscle texture than girls. Conversely, girls displayed greater values in the 51-100 EI band and had less homogenous texture compared to boys (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the 0-50 EI band and muscle homogeneity. However, the 51-100 EI band correlated negatively with homogeneity (p < 0.05), particularly for girls. In conclusion, our study revealed sex-specific differences in mean EI, EI bands, and texture of the RF muscle in children. The variations in the correlations between the first and second EI bands and texture reveal different levels of homogeneity in each band. This indicates that distinct muscle tissue constituents, such as intramuscular fat and/or connective tissue, may be reflected in EI bands. Overall, the methods used in this study may be useful for examining muscle quality in healthy children and those with medical conditions.
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A phase 1-2, prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label clinical trial (Code RPCEC00000382), with parallel groups, involving 1161 participants, was designed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of two Cuban COVID-19 vaccines (Mambisa and Abdala) in boosting COVID-19 immunity of convalescent adults after receiving one dose of either vaccine. The main safety outcome was severe vaccination adverse events occurring in <5% of vaccinees. Main immunogenicity success endpoints were a ≥4-fold anti-RBD IgG seroconversion or a ≥20% increase in ACE2-RBD inhibitory antibodies in >55% of vaccinees in Phase 1 and >70% in Phase 2. Neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 variants were evaluated. Both vaccines were safe-no deaths or severe adverse events occurred. Mild intensity adverse events were the most frequent (>73%); headaches predominated for both vaccines. Phase 1 responders were 83.3% (p = 0.0018) for Abdala. Mambisa showed similar results. Phase 2 responders were 88.6% for Abdala (p < 0.0001) and 74.2% for Mambisa (p = 0.0412). In both phases, anti-RBD IgG titers, inhibition percentages and neutralizing antibody titers increased significantly after the booster dose. Both vaccines were safe and their immunogenicity surpassed the study endpoints.
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INTRODUCTION: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with fractures, despite preserved Bone Mineral Density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMD and trabecular bone score (TBS) with the reallocation of fat within muscle in individuals with eutrophy, obesity, and T2D. METHODS: The subjects were divided into three groups: eutrophic controls paired by age and sex with the T2D group (n = 23), controls diagnosed with obesity paired by age, sex, and body mass index with the T2D group (n = 27), and the T2D group (n = 29). BMD and body fat percentage were determined using dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry. TBS was determined using TBS iNsight software. Intra and extramyocellular lipids in the soleus were measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS: TBS was lower in the T2D group than in the other two groups. Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) was negatively associated with TBS. Body fat percentage was negatively associated with TBS and Total Hip (TH) BMD. TH BMD was positively associated with intramuscular lipids. A trend of negative association was observed between intramuscular lipids and TBS. CONCLUSION: This study showed for the first time that the reallocation of lipids within muscle has a negative association with TBS. Moreover, these results are consistent with previous studies showing a negative association between a parameter related to insulin resistance (intramuscular lipids) and TBS.
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Absorciometria de Fóton , Tecido Adiposo , Densidade Óssea , Osso Esponjoso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Músculo Esquelético , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Osso Esponjoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Tecido Adiposo/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Idoso , Controle Glicêmico , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
In this study, we present the preparation, stability, and in vivo fasciolicidal activity of three new intramuscular formulations in sheep of a prodrug based on triclabendazole, named fosfatriclaben. The new formulations were ready-to-use aqueous solutions with volumes recommended for intramuscular administration in sheep. The use of poloxamers (P-407 and P-188) and polysorbates (PS-20 and PS-80) in the new formulations improved the aqueous solubility of fosfatriclaben by 8-fold at pH 7.4. High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was used to evaluate the stability of fosfatriclaben in the three formulations. High recovery (> 90%) of fosfatriclaben was found for all formulations after exposure at 57 ± 2 °C for 50 h. The three intramuscular formulations showed high fasciolicidal activity at a dose of 6 mg/kg, which was equivalent to the triclabendazole content. The fasciolicidal activity of fosfatriclaben was similar to commercial oral (Fasimec®) and intramuscular (Endovet®) triclabendazole formulations at a dose of 12 mg/kg. In the in vivo experiments, all formulations administered intramuscularly reduced egg excretion by 100%, and formulations F1, F2, and F3 presented fasciolicidal activities of 100%, 100%, and 99.6%, respectively.
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Anti-Helmínticos , Fasciola hepatica , Fasciolíase , Pró-Fármacos , Doenças dos Ovinos , Animais , Ovinos , Triclabendazol , Fasciolíase/veterinária , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Pró-Fármacos/química , Benzimidazóis/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Água/químicaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to assess carcass traits' influence on pork eating quality as evaluated by consumers. A total of 1360 pork chops were used, with 824 from the sirloin end and 536 from the butt end of the loin (Longissimuss thoracis et lumborum), to produce 340 packages, each containing four pork chops. Untrained participants received one package of either sirloin or butt chops, being two pork chops from barrows and two from gilts. Participants answered a survey rating the tenderness, juiciness, flavour, and overall acceptability of each chop on an 8-point scale. Correlation analysis was conducted between carcass traits and pork eating quality attributes. For the descriptive analysis, classes (low, medium, and high) for carcass traits, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and cooking loss were created based on our consumer responses dataset for palatability attributes. No significant correlations (P > 0.05) were observed between carcass traits and pork eating quality traits. Tenderness and overall acceptability were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with cooking loss and WBSF. Loin intramuscular fat (IMF) content showed a weak negative correlation (P < 0.05) with WBSF and cooking loss. Consumers rated chops from the high and medium/high backfat thickness and loin IMF classes slightly higher for tenderness and juiciness, respectively. Additionally, chops from the low and/or medium WBSF and cooking loss classes received slightly higher scores for tenderness and juiciness than pork chops in the high classes. In conclusion, the study indicated that carcass traits had minimal impact on overall acceptability of pork by consumers.
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Carne de Porco , Carne Vermelha , Humanos , Suínos , Animais , Feminino , Carne/análise , Sus scrofa , PercepçãoRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with fractures, despite preserved Bone Mineral Density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMD and trabecular bone score (TBS) with the reallocation of fat within muscle in individuals with eutrophy, obesity, and T2D. Methods: The subjects were divided into three groups: eutrophic controls paired by age and sex with the T2D group (n = 23), controls diagnosed with obesity paired by age, sex, and body mass index with the T2D group (n = 27), and the T2D group (n = 29). BMD and body fat percentage were determined using dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry. TBS was determined using TBS iNsight software. Intra and extramyocellular lipids in the soleus were measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: TBS was lower in the T2D group than in the other two groups. Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) was negatively associated with TBS. Body fat percentage was negatively associated with TBS and Total Hip (TH) BMD. TH BMD was positively associated with intramuscular lipids. A trend of negative association was observed between intramuscular lipids and TBS. Conclusion: This study showed for the first time that the reallocation of lipids within muscle has a negative association with TBS. Moreover, these results are consistent with previous studies showing a negative association between a parameter related to insulin resistance (intramuscular lipids) and TBS.
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Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) is a quantitative measurement of meat toughness that has great impact on the consumer acceptability of meat. This study was conducted to evaluate growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics, and fatty acids profile of longissimus lumborum (LL) intramuscular fat (IMF) of pigs that are genetically divergent for WBSF. Based on WBSF values of the LL from a previous study, 12 immunocastrated male pigs selected from 96 pigs were divided into two groups with high WBSF (53.28 to 42.50 N) and low WBSF (37.27 to 27.79 N). Although high-WBSF pigs tended to have improved (P = 0.08) gain-to-feed ratio, overall performance was similar between WBSF groups. High-WBSF pigs also tended to have higher (P = 0.09) cooling loss and lean percentage as well as decreased (P = 0.08) 10th-rib backfat depth than low-WBSF pigs. Loins from high-WBSF pigs tended to have lower (P = 0.07) IMF content and higher (P = 0.09) cooking loss than low-WBSF pigs. Compared to low-WBSF pigs, IMF of the LL from high-WBSF pigs had lower (P = 0.05) percentage of oleic acid and tended to have a decreased (P = 0.07) percentage of total monounsaturated fatty acids. Loins from pigs with high WBSF tended to have increased (P = 0.09) total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content and had higher (P = 0.03) PUFA: saturated fatty acid ratio than low-WBSF pigs. Selecting pigs for pork tenderness could potentially conflict with lean growth efficiency and a healthier fatty acids profile for human consumption.
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Ácidos Graxos , Carne de Porco , Animais , Masculino , Culinária , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados , Fenótipo , Suínos , Carne de Porco/análiseRESUMO
Introducción: La región glútea ha sido considerada una de las zonas más observadas tanto en mujeres como en hombres y constituye un ícono representativo de belleza corporal. En los últimos años se ha incrementado el deseo de las féminas de aumentar esta región anatómica con implantes. Objetivo: Determinar los resultados estéticos de la gluteoplastia de aumento con implantes intramusculares. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo de 25 mujeres que acudieron a la consulta externa del Servicio de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, desde agosto de 2016 hasta febrero de 2019, para solicitar el aumento de su región glútea con implantes. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el grupo etario de 31 a 40 años (36,0 %) y el fototipo de piel III (88,0 %); asimismo, solo 6 pacientes presentaron complicaciones (24,0 %), entre las cuales sobresalieron el seroma (20,8 %), la asimetría (12,5 %) y la dehiscencia de la sutura (8,3 %). Se observó un aumento significativo de la proyección glútea después de la intervención (α=0,05) y los resultados fueron buenos en la mayoría de las integrantes de la muestra (84,0 %). Conclusiones: La gluteoplastia de aumento con implantes intramusculares es un procedimiento seguro y ofrece resultados estéticos favorables.
Introduction: Gluteal region has been considered one of the most observed areas either in women as in men and constitutes a representative icon of corporal beauty. In the last years the desire of women to increase this anatomical region with implants has been increased. Objective: To determine the aesthetic results of the augmentation gluteoplasty with intramuscular implants. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal and descriptive study of 25 women that went to the Plastic Surgery Service outpatient consultation of Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital was carried out from August, 2016 to February, 2019, to request the increase of the gluteal region with implants. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the 31 to 40 age group (36.0%) and the skin phototype III (88.0%); also only 6 patients presented complications (24.0%), among which seroma (20.8%), asymmetry (12.5%) and anastomotic dehiscence (8.3%) were notable. A significant increase of the gluteal projection after the intervention was observed (α =0.05) and the results were good in most of the members of the sample (84.0%). Conclusions: The augmentation gluteoplasty with intramuscular implants is a safe procedure and offers favorable aesthetic results.
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Abstract Intramuscular hemangiomas (IHs) are benign soft-tissue tumors that represent less than 1% of all hemangiomas. This clinical entity is rarely considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of musculoskeletal pain. A healthy 38-year-old woman presented to our office with complaint of left omalgia, with 8 months of evolution, limiting her daily activities. She reported the appearance of tumefaction in the previous 4 months. She was medicated with analgesic and antiinflammatory drugs with no clinical improvement. The objective examination showed limitation of left shoulder abduction (0-90°). The patient underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in which a well-circumscribed nodular formation was detected in the deltoid muscle. Then, she underwent a biopsy, which confirmed the diagnosis of hemangioma. The patient was referred for sclerotherapy. Intramuscular hemangiomas are usually observed in young patients. The gold-standard examination for diagnosis is MRI, which often forestalls the need for a biopsy. In many cases, IHs are asymptomatic and tend to involute over time. Despite the low frequency of this clinical entity, it is important to place it as a diagnostic hypothesis in cases of chronic pain of the limbs in young patients with poor therapeutic response to antiinflammatory drugs and analgesia.
Resumo Os hemangiomas intramusculares (HIs) são tumores benignos de tecidos moles que representam menos de 1% de todos os hemangiomas. Esta entidade clínica raramente é considerada como diagnóstico diferencial nos casos de dor musculoesquelética. Uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 38 anos de idade, saudável, se apresentou ao nosso consultório com queixa de omalgia esquerda, com 8 meses de evolução, que limitava suas atividades diárias. Ela relatou o aparecimento de tumefação 4 meses antes da consulta. A paciente estava medicada com analgésico e antiinflamatório sem melhoria clínica. Ao exame objetivo, ela apresentava limitação da abdução do ombro esquerdo (0-90°). A paciente foi submetida a uma ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) na qual foi detectada uma formação nodular bem circunscrita no músculo deltoide,. Em seguida, foi realizada uma biópsia que confirmou o diagnóstico de hemangioma. A paciente foi então encaminhada para a realização de escleroterapia. Os HIs normalmente são observados em pacientes jovens. O exame padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico é a RNM, que muitas vezes torna a realização de biópsia desnecessária. Em muitos casos, os HIs são assintomáticos e tendem a involuir com o tempo. Apesar da baixa frequência desta entidade clínica, é importante colocá-la como hipótese de diagnóstico em casos de dor crônica dos membros em pacientes jovens com má resposta terapêutica a antiinflamatórios e analgesia.
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Saúde Ocupacional , Hemangioma , Doenças MuscularesRESUMO
Although lipomas are the most common mesenchymal tumors, the intramuscular type is rare. We report the case of a patient with rotator cuff arthropathy with a lipoma in the teres minor. Wide surgical excision and total shoulder arthroplasty with reverse prosthesis was performed and 18 months of follow up showed excellent results with any recurrence. The teres minor is extremely important for the proper function of a reverse prosthesis, and lipoma growth in the muscular belly can compromise the functionality of the prosthesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a rotator cuff arthropathy with a lipoma in the teres minor.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the levels of pain developed during intramuscular injections to the laterofemoral and ventrogluteal regions in children. METHODS: The study population consisted of all children aged between 7 and 12 years who presented to the pediatric emergency clinic of a hospital. The sample consisted of 62 children who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study, and the children were randomly assigned to each group (laterofemoral n=31, ventrogluteal n=31). "Buzzy" and "deep breathing" were applied to children in both groups to relieve pain during the procedure. The data were obtained using an Information Form, a visual analog scale, and the Facial Pain Scale-Revised. RESULTS: It was determined that the children in the ventrogluteal group during the intramuscular injections had lower visual analog scale and faces pain scale-revised scores immediately after the procedure compared with the vastus lateralis group, that is, they experienced less pain, and the difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In children, it is recommended to choose the less painful ventrogluteal region for intramuscular injection and to inform health professionals about it.
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The meat market has enormous importance for the world economy, and the quality of the product offered to the consumer is fundamental for the success of the sector. In this study, we analyzed a database which contained information on 2470 animals from a commercial farm in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Of this total, 2181 animals were genotyped, using 777,962 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After quality control analysis, 468,321 SNPs provided information on the number of genotyped animals. Genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) were performed for the characteristics of the rib eye area (REA), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), shear force at 7 days' ageing (SF7), and intramuscular fat (IMF), with the aid of the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) method, with the purpose of identifying possible genomic windows (~1 Mb) responsible for explaining at least 0.5% of the genetic variance of the traits under analysis (≥0.5%). These genomic regions were used in a gene search and enrichment analyses using MeSH terms. The distributed heritability coefficients were 0.14, 0.20, 0.18, and 0.21 for REA, SFT, SF7, and IMF, respectively. The GWAS results indicated significant genomic windows for the traits of interest in a total of 17 chromosomes. Enrichment analyses showed the following significant terms (FDR ≤ 0.05) associated with the characteristics under study: for the REA, heat stress disorders and life cycle stages; for SFT, insulin and nonesterified fatty acids; for SF7, apoptosis and heat shock proteins (HSP27); and for IMF, metalloproteinase 2. In addition, KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) enrichment analysis allowed us to highlight important metabolic pathways related to the studied phenotypes, such as the growth hormone synthesis, insulin-signaling, fatty acid metabolism, and ABC transporter pathways. The results obtained provide a better understanding of the molecular processes involved in the expression of the studied characteristics and may contribute to the design of selection strategies and future studies aimed at improving the productivity of Nellore cattle.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to create and validate an educational video on intramuscular drug administration using the Z-track technique. Methods: the Delphi Technique was used to validate the script. PhDs in Nursing and PhDs in Social Communication with experience in the production of educational videos participated in the process. After editing, the video was validated by three nursing professors and assessed by students of the undergraduate nursing program at a public university. Results: the video was validated by the examiners with 100% agreement in three rounds for script validation and in two for video validation after editing. The duration of the video was 9 minutes. Conclusion: after validation by the examiners, students assessed the video and considered it suitable for learning. We This video is expected to aid in the training of nursing professionals and the enhancement of patient care.
RESUMEN Objetivo: construir y validar un vídeo educativo sobre la administración intramuscular de fármacos, utilizando la Técnica Z. Métodos: se utilizó la técnica Delphi para validar el guion. Participaron en el proceso dos doctores en enfermería y dos doctores en comunicación social con experiencia en la producción de vídeos educativos. Tras su edición, el vídeo fue validado por tres docentes de enfermería y evaluado por estudiantes del curso de licenciatura en enfermería de una universidad pública. Resultados: el vídeo fue validado por los expertos con un 100% de acuerdo en tres rondas para la validación del guion y dos para la validación del vídeo después de la edición. La duración del vídeo fue de 9 minutos. Conclusión: tras la validación por parte de los expertos, los estudiantes evaluaron el vídeo y lo consideraron adecuado para el aprendizaje. Se espera que este vídeo pueda contribuir a la formación de los profesionales de enfermería y mejorar la asistencia a los pacientes.
RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar um vídeo educativo sobre a administração de medicamentos por via intramuscular, com utilização da Técnica em Z. Métodos: utilizou-se a Técnica Delphi para a validação do roteiro. Participaram do processo doutores em enfermagem e doutores em comunicação social com experiência na produção de vídeos educativos. Após a edição, o vídeo foi validado por três docentes de enfermagem e avaliado por estudantes do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem de uma universidade pública. Resultados: o vídeo foi validado pelos juízes com 100% de concordância ocorrida em três rodadas para validação do roteiro e duas para validação do vídeo após a edição. A duração do vídeo foi de 9 minutos. Conclusão: Após a validação pelos juízes, estudantes avaliaram o vídeo e o consideraram adequado para o aprendizado. Espera-se que esse vídeo possa contribuir para a formação do profissional de enfermagem e melhoria da assistência ao paciente.
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Se presenta un caso de hemangioma intramuscular con flebolitos de lengua en una mujer de 60 años. Clínicamente correspondía a una tumefacción de dos años de evolución, sin signos que sugirieran su origen vascular. Luego de su evaluación inicial se realizó biopsia excéresis de la lesión para su estudio histopatológico. En el estudio histológico se pudo observar una formación tisular redondeada y circunscripta constituida por tejido conjuntivo fibroso con abundantes capilares congestivos que desplazaban el tejido muscular, destacándose la presencia de trombos con calcificaciones dispuestas en capas concéntricas (flebolitos). En base a estos hallazgos morfológicos, el diagnóstico definitivo fue de hemangioma capilar intramuscular con flebolitos de lengua. Para confirmar la naturaleza neoplásica vascular de la lesión se realizó inmunomarcación con el anticuerpo GLUT1. Es de destacar, de acuerdo a la revisión bibliográfica realizada en PubMed, que esta entidad patológica es rara, particularmente en la lengua.
Apresentamos um caso de hemangioma intramuscular com flebólitos de língua em uma mulher de 60 anos. Clinicamente, correspondia a um inchaço com duração de dois anos, sem sinais que sugerissem sua origem vascular. Após sua avaliação inicial, foi realizada biópsia excisional da lesão para estudo histopatológico. No estudo histológico pôde-se observar uma formação tecidual arredondada e circunscrita constituída por tecido conjuntivo fibroso com abundantes capilares congestivos que deslocavam o tecido muscular, destacando a presença de trombos com calcificações dispostos em camadas concêntricas (flebólitos). Com base nesses achados morfológicos, o diagnóstico definitivo foi de hemangioma capilar intramuscular com flebólitos de língua. Para confirmar a natureza neoplásica vascular da lesão, foi realizada imunocoloração com o anticorpo GLUT1. Ressalta-se, de acordo com a revisão bibliográfica realizada no PubMed, que esta entidade patológica é rara, principalmente na língua.
Summary We present a case of intramuscular hemangioma with tongue phleboliths in a 60-year-old woman. Clinically it corresponded to a swelling of two years of evolution, without signs that suggested its vascular origin. After her initial evaluation, an excisional biopsy of the lesion was performed for histopathological study. In the histological study it was possible to observe a rounded and circumscribed tissue formation made up of fibrous connective tissue with abundant congestive capillaries that displaced the muscle tissue, highlighting the presence of thrombi with calcifications arranged in concentric layers (phleboliths). Based on these morphological findings, the definitive diagnosis was intramuscular capillary hemangioma with tongue phleboliths. To confirm the vascular neoplastic nature of the lesion, histochemical immunostaining was performed with the GLUT1 antibody. It is noteworthy, according to the bibliographic review carried out in PubMed, that this pathological entity is rare, particularly in the tongue.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to validate a Standard Operating Procedure on the intramuscular vaccine administration technique in adults using high frequency vibration associated with cryotherapy. Methods: a literature review on intramuscular vaccination practice using a vibration device associated with cryotherapy. Then, a form was created to validate the instrument, detailing the items that were assessed by judges following recommendations in the literature. Judges' answers were assessed using the Content Validity Index, with items whose index was greater than or equal to 0.80 being validated. Results: twenty-five nurses participated in validity, identifying judges' opinion regarding item relevance, clarity and accuracy. Judges validated the instrument, according to the values that remained between 0.88 and 1.0. Conclusions: the instrument developed and validated is a tool capable of guaranteeing safety and standardizing immunization practice in vaccine rooms.
RESUMEN Objetivo: validar un Procedimiento Operativo Estándar sobre la técnica de administración de vacunas intramusculares en adultos mediante vibración de alta frecuencia asociada a crioterapia. Métodos: revisión de la literatura sobre la práctica de la vacunación intramuscular mediante un dispositivo de vibración asociado a la crioterapia. Luego, se elaboró un formulario para validar el instrumento, detallando los ítems que fueron evaluados por los jueces siguiendo las recomendaciones de la literatura. Las respuestas de los jueces fueron evaluadas mediante el Índice de Validez de Contenido, siendo validados los ítems cuyo índice fuera mayor o igual a 0,80. Resultados: 25 enfermeros participaron de la validación, captando la opinión de los jueces sobre la pertinencia, claridad y precisión de los ítems. Los jueces validaron el instrumento según los valores, que se mantuvieron entre 0,88 y 1,0. Conclusiones: el instrumento desarrollado y validado es una herramienta capaz de garantizar la seguridad y estandarizar la práctica de inmunización en salas de vacunas.
RESUMO Objetivo: validar um Procedimento Operacional Padrão sobre a técnica de administração de vacinas pela via intramuscular em adultos utilizando vibração em alta frequência associada à crioterapia. Métodos: revisão de literatura sobre a prática de vacinação intramuscular utilizando dispositivo de vibração associado à crioterapia. Em seguida, elaborou-se um formulário para validação do instrumento, com detalhamento dos itens que foram avaliados por juízes seguindo recomendações da literatura. As respostas dos juízes foram avaliadas pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, sendo validados os itens cujo índice foi maior ou igual a 0,80. Resultados: 25 enfermeiros participaram da validação, captando o parecer dos juízes quanto à relevância, clareza e precisão dos itens. Os juízes validaram o instrumento segundo os valores, que permaneceram entre 0,88 e 1,0. Conclusões: o instrumento desenvolvido e validado é uma ferramenta capaz de garantir a segurança e padronizar a prática de imunização nas salas de vacina.
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RESUMO Objetivo caracterizar os vídeos que contém a demonstração do procedimento de administração de medicamentos por via intramuscular em indivíduos adultos. Métodos estudo de corte transversal descritivo, foram selecionados 44 vídeos brasileiros disponíveis no YouTube® que abordavam o procedimento de administração de medicamentos por via intramuscular. Resultados a maioria dos vídeos selecionados é de origem pessoal (86,4%), tem como autor um técnico de Enfermagem (59,1%), adota a região dorsoglútea como local de injeção (54,5%), foi produzido em ambiente de saúde utilizando um paciente para a demonstração do procedimento (52,3%). Nenhum vídeo apresentou a completude do procedimento, sendo identificada grande frequência de erros em todas as etapas do procedimento. Observou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre os testes de confiabilidade e popularidade dos vídeos (p=0,042). Conclusão os vídeos que abordam o procedimento de administração de medicamentos por via intramuscular disponíveis na plataforma YouTube® foram considerados atuais, de pouca relevância, elaborados por fontes não confiáveis, de baixa acurácia e frágil finalidade. Contribuições para a prática os vídeos disponíveis na plataforma YouTube® sobre a administração de medicamentos por via intramuscular não devem ser indicados como material educativo para a formação ou atualização profissional.
ABSTRACT Objective to characterize videos that contain a demonstration of the procedure for administering drugs intramuscularly to adults. Methods a descriptive cross-sectional study, 44 Brazilian videos available on YouTube® were selected which addressed the procedure of intramuscular drug administration. Results the majority of the videos selected are of personal origin (86.4%), were made by a Nursing technician (59.1%), used the dorsal gluteal region as the injection spot (54.5%), and were produced in a healthcare environment using a patient to demonstrate the procedure (52.3%). No video showed the completeness of the procedure, and a high frequency of errors was identified at all stages of the procedure. There was a statistically significant difference between the reliability and popularity tests of the videos (p=0.042). Conclusion the videos on intramuscular drug administration available on the YouTube® platform were considered to be up-to-date, of little relevance, produced by unreliable sources, of low accuracy, and with a weak purpose. Contributions to practice the videos available on the YouTube® platform on intramuscular drug administration should not be used as educational material for professional training or updating.
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Vias de Administração de Medicamentos , Filme e Vídeo Educativo , Segurança do Paciente , Uso da Internet , Injeções IntramuscularesRESUMO
In Nellore beef cattle, studies addressing genetic correlations between ultrasound marbling content and other economically important traits are still incipient. Therefore, this work aimed to estimate heritability and genetic correlations between ultrasound marbling content in the longissimus dorsi muscle (MARB) and growth, reproductive, feed efficiency, and carcass-related traits in a Nellore beef cattle population from Brazil. Phenotypic records of 614,395 Nellore animals were used and included adjusted weight at 210 (W210) and 450 (W450) days of age, adult cow weight (AW), early heifer pregnancy (EH), stayability (STAY), adjusted scrotal circumference at 365 days of age (SC365), ribeye area (REA), subcutaneous backfat thickness (BF), rump fat thickness (RF), and marbling (MARB). The genetic parameters for all traits but EH and STAY were estimated considering a linear animal model, whereas for those two nonlinear traits, a threshold animal model was used. The direct and correlated response to selection for MARB versus the other traits, and the relative efficiency of selection, were also calculated. The heritability estimate for MARB was 0.31 and for the other conventional evaluated traits was low to moderate, with values ranging from 0.14 to 0.41. The genetic correlations between MARB and growth, reproductive, feed efficiency, and carcass-related trait were very low, with values close to zero, with similar correlated responses. The MARB displayed adequate genetic variability to respond to selection and crossbreeding programs looking forward to higher meat quality and differential market standards for the Nellore beef. The selection for growth, reproductive, feed efficiency, and carcass-related traits would not affect MARB in Nellore beef cattle and vice versa. Therefore, this trait should be included as a selection criterion in the Nellore breeding program.
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Carne , Reprodução , Animais , Bovinos/genética , Ingestão de Alimentos/genética , Feminino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Fenótipo , Reprodução/genéticaRESUMO
Despite the intramuscular route being the most used vaccination strategy against SARS-CoV-2, the intradermal route has been studied around the globe as a strong candidate for immunization against SARS-CoV-2. Adjuvants have shown to be essential vaccine components that are capable of driving robust immune responses and increasing the vaccination efficacy. In this work, our group aimed to develop a vaccination strategy for SARS-CoV-2 using a trimeric spike protein, by testing the best route with formulations containing the adjuvants AddaS03, CpG, MPL, Alum, or a combination of two of them. Our results showed that formulations that were made with AddaS03 or CpG alone or AddaS03 combined with CpG were able to induce high levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a; high titers of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 original strain; and also induced high hypersensitivity during the challenge with Spike protein and a high level of IFN-γ producing CD4+ T-cells in mice. Altogether, those data indicate that AddaS03, CpG, or both combined may be used as adjuvants in vaccines for COVID-19.
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Understanding the architecture of gene expression is fundamental to unravel the molecular mechanisms regulating complex traits in bovine, such as intramuscular fat content (IMF) and backfat thickness (BFT). These traits are economically important for the beef industry since they affect carcass and meat quality. Our main goal was to identify gene expression regulatory polymorphisms within genomic regions (QTL) associated with IMF and BFT in Nellore cattle. For that, we used RNA-Seq data from 193 Nellore steers to perform SNP calling analysis. Then, we combined the RNA-Seq SNP and a high-density SNP panel to obtain a new dataset for further genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), totaling 534,928 SNPs. GWAS was performed using the Bayes B model. Twenty-one relevant QTL were associated with our target traits. The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was performed using Matrix eQTL with the complete SNP dataset and 12,991 genes, revealing a total of 71,033 cis and 36,497 trans-eQTL (FDR < 0.05). Intersecting with QTL for IMF, we found 231 eQTL regulating the expression levels of 117 genes. Within those eQTL, three predicted deleterious SNPs were identified. We also identified 109 eQTL associated with BFT and affecting the expression of 54 genes. This study revealed genomic regions and regulatory SNPs associated with fat deposition in Nellore cattle. We highlight the transcription factors FOXP4, FOXO3, ZSCAN2, and EBF4, involved in lipid metabolism-related pathways. These results helped us to improve our knowledge about the genetic architecture behind important traits in cattle.
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Objective: Ketamine, an N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, can promote rapid action in the management of individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) at sub-anesthetic doses. However, few studies have investigated the long-term use of ketamine administered intravenously (IV) and intranasally (IN). We report the design and rationale of a therapeutic trial for assessing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of repeated-dose intramuscular (IM) ketamine vs. active treatment (escitalopram and aripiprazole) in TRD patients. Methods: A comparative, parallel-group, randomized double-blind trial assessing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of acute (4 weeks) and maintenance (24 weeks) use of IM ketamine (0.75 mg/kg) vs. active control (escitalopram 15 mg and aripiprazole 5 mg) in individuals with moderate-severe intensity TRD (no psychotic symptoms) with or without suicide risk will be conducted. Patients with TRD (18-40 years) will be randomized and blinded to receive ketamine IM or active treatment at a 1:1 ratio for 4 weeks (active treatment) and 24 weeks (maintenance treatment). Subjects will be assessed using clinical scales, monitored for vital signs (VS) after application of injectable medication, and undergo neuropsychological tests. The primary outcome will be changed on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) during the course of the trial. The study is in running. Results: This study can potentially yield evidence on the use of IM ketamine in the treatment of depressive disorders as an ultra-rapid low-cost therapy associated with less patient discomfort and reduced use of medical resources, and can elucidate long-term effects on different outcomes, such as neuropsychological aspects. Conclusions: The trial can help promote the introduction of a novel accessible approach for the treatment of complex disease (TRD) and also allow refinement of its long-term use. Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04234776, identifier: NCT04234776.