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Consumption of foods with fiber and compounds can promote gastrointestinal health and reduce obesity complications. Therefore, treatment with common bean leaves (BL) against obesity was evaluated in mice with a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD) for 14 weeks. The bromatological and phytochemical characterization of BL were determined. Afterwards, the animals were supplemented with BL (10%) or a standard diet (SD) as a strategy to encourage a healthy diet for 12 additional weeks. Changes in body composition, lipid profile, and intestinal integrity were analyzed. The characterization of BL stood out for its content of 27.2% dietary fiber, total phenolics (475.04 mg/100 g), and saponins (2.2 mg/100 g). The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) decreased in the BL group by 52% compared to the HFFD group. Additionally, triglyceride levels were 23% lower in the BL consumption group compared to the HFFD group. The improvement in lipid profile was attributed to the 1.77-fold higher fecal lipid excretion in the BL consumption group compared to the HFFD group and the inhibition of pancreatic lipase by 29%. Furthermore, BL supplementation reduced the serum levels of IL-6 (4.4-fold) and FITC-dextran by 50% compared with those in the HFFD group. Metabolic endotoxemia was inhibited after BL supplementation (-33%) compared to the HFFD group. BL consumption as a treatment in obese mice reduces adipose tissue accumulation and improves the lipid profile. Furthermore, we report for the first time that BL consumption improves intestinal integrity.
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Dieta Hiperlipídica , Frutose , Camundongos , Animais , Frutose/efeitos adversos , Frutose/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Obesidade/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Lipídeos , Ingestão de AlimentosRESUMO
This study evaluated the effects of glycoelectrolytic supplements on the performance, blood parameters, and intestinal morphology of piglets during the post-weaning period. In the study, a total of 240 piglets weaned aged 17 22.60 + 1.10 days were used. The control group (n = 120) received only water, and the treatment group (n = 120) received an oral glycoelectrolytic supplement diluted in water (0.75%) during the first three days after weaning. Feed intake, daily weight gain, final weight, feed conversion ratio, and post-weaning mortality were evaluated. On the third day after weaning, the blood glucose levels of all piglets were analyzed. Blood was collected from 12 piglets from each treatment group on day 3 after weaning for blood count analysis, and intestinal fragments were collected for anatomopathological and morphometric evaluation. Better feed conversion ratio (1.29) and higher consumption of liquids (0.639 L/day) were observed in the piglet group supplemented with glycoelectrolytes on day 3 after weaning (P < 0.05). The supplemented group presented a higher glycemic index (80.78 mg/dL), average corpuscular volume (67.35 fL), and average corpuscular hemoglobin (20.46 pg) than the control group (P < 0.05). The evaluation of intestinal integrity and the probability of diarrhea occurrence were similar between the groups (P > 0.05). Oral glycoelectrolytic supplementation can be an option for piglets immediately after weaning as it improves feed conversion and consumption of liquids, in addition to increasing blood glucose without the occurrence of diarrhea, thus reducing dehydration and energy deficit.
Assuntos
Glicemia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Animais , Suínos , Intestinos , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/veterinária , Água , Ração Animal/análise , DietaRESUMO
El "microbioma" no solo está constituido por los microbios, sino por todos los componen-tes que viven en el mismo hábitat conforman-do un nicho ecológico. Es decir, está conformado por los microorganismos (bacterias, hongos, protozoos, etc.), todo el espectro de moléculas producidas por ellos tales como sus componentes estructurales (ácidos nucleicos, proteínas, lípidos y glúcidos), meta-bolitos, toxinas, etc., y las moléculas producidas por el huésped. El microbioma intestinal (MI) ha emergido como un factor que tiene un gran efecto sobre la cantidad, calidad y fuerza del hueso. Las investigaciones revelan que la homeostasis ósea está ligada al micro-bioma saludable, mientras que la disbiosis (alteración en la biodiversidad microbiana) puede exacerbar la actividad osteoclástica y promover la osteoporosis. Los mecanismos potenciales involucrados en la interacción del microbioma intestinal y el hueso son la influencia del metabolismo del huésped, el mantenimiento de la integridad intestinal y regulación de la absorción de nutrientes, la regulación del eje intestino-sistema inmune y la modulación del sistema endocrino. Es decir que hay múltiples vías por las cuales el MI influye sobre el hueso, pero estos y otros mecanismos deben profundizarse más aún. También es necesario que se identifiquen y caractericen mejor los microorganismos que están asociados a las enfermedades óseas. El conocimiento de estos aspectos podría ser útil para el desarrollo de herramientas terapéuticas basadas en el MI que puedan mejorar la eficacia de los distintos tratamientos existentes. (AU)
The microbiome is not only constituted by microbes, but by all the components that live in the same habitat forming an ecological niche. It is conformed by the microorganisms ( bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc), the entire spectrum of molecules produced by them (nucleic acids, proteins, lipid and carbohydrates, metabolites, toxins, etc) and the molecules produced by the host. The intestinal microbiome (IM) has emerged as a factor with great effects on the quantity, quality and strength of bone. The investigations reveal that bone homeostasis is linked to the healthy microbiome, while the dysbiosis (alteration in the microbial biodiversity) can exacerbate the osteoclastic activity and promote osteoporosis. The potential mechanisms involved in the interaction between IM and bone are the influence of the host metabolism, the maintenance of the intestinal integrity and regulation of the nutrient absorption, the regulation of the intestine/ immune system axis and the modulation of the endocrine system. That is, there are multiple ways through which IM influences on bone, but these and other mechanisms need to be further studied. It is also necessary to identify and characterize the microorganisms associated with the bone diseases. Knowledge of these aspects could be useful to develop therapeutical tools based on the IM that could improve the efficacy of the current treatments. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Osteoblastos/imunologia , Osteoclastos/imunologia , Osso e Ossos/imunologia , Disbiose/complicações , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/metabolismo , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Intestinos/imunologia , Intestinos/microbiologiaRESUMO
The impact of deoxynivalenol (DON) upon intestinal tissue of broilers was assessed by using jejunal explants in Ussing chambers and analyzing histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters; this system was also applied to evaluate the efficacy of an antimycotoxins additive (AMA). The explants were subjected to the following treatments within each experiment for 120 min: Experiment 1) T1 (control) - buffer solution, and T2 - 10 mg/L DON; and Experiment 2) T1 (control) - buffer solution, T2 - 10 mg/L DON, T3 - AMA (0.5%), and T4 - 10 mg/L DON + 0.5% AMA. In Experiment 1, DON triggered a reduction in the size of enterocytes as well as of their nuclei, an increase in cytoplasmic vacuolization and apical denudation of villi. Apoptotic cells count was also greater in DON-exposed explants. In Experiment 2, the AMA mitigated DON harmful effects; cytoplasmic vacuolization of enterocytes was reduced and the size of their nuclei was preserved. The additive also promoted a partial decrease in microvillus integrity, in size of enterocytes and in apoptotic cells count. The tested ex vivo model demonstrated the impact of DON upon the intestine as well as the efficacy of the AMA against its damaging effects.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Tricotecenos , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Intestinos , Jejuno , Tricotecenos/toxicidadeRESUMO
The present study evaluated the effect of administration of a water applied prebiotic on gut barrier failure (Experiment 1) and performance in broiler chickens under commercial conditions (Experiment 2). Experiment 1, one thousand four hundred and forty day-of-hatch Ross broiler chickens were assigned to one of two experimental groups (n = 30 replicate pens/treatment; n = 24 chicks/pen). Birds in the treated group received the prebiotic orally in the drinking water (0.2ml/bird) on days 3 and 17 of age. The second group served as the untreated control group. On d 18, intestinal samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR to determine the expression of MUC2, IL-8, TGF-ß4, and ZO-1. On d 17, d 28, and d 35 blood samples were collected to determine circulating endotoxin levels. On d 28, mucosal intestinal scrapping was collected to measure relative total sIgA levels. At d 42, liver samples were collected to evaluate liver bacterial translocation. In Experiment 2, the prebiotic was evaluated in two commercial trials. Chickens were raised under normal production conditions and fed a 3-phase commercial basal diet with enramycin (7 g/ton). In Trial 1, 8,974,237 broiler chickens were treated with the prebiotic. The prebiotic was administered in the drinking water (0.2 mL/bird) following the manufacture label instructions at day three and seventeen of life. Production parameters were compared to historical information from the company over the same broiler operation and production cycles. For trial 2, 921,411 broiler chickens were treated with the prebiotic as in Trial 1. In Experiment 1, treated chickens showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in mRNA expression of MUC2, TGF-ß4, IL-8, ZO-1, and sIgA, but a significant reduction of serum endotoxin levels and incidence of liver lactose positive bacterial translocation when compared to non-treated chickens. In both trials of Experiment 2, a significant reduction in total mortality was observed in the treated chickens when compared with the historical farm data. Economic analysis utilizing the total percent of mortality revealed a $1: $2.50 USD and $1: $4.17 USD return for Trial 1 and Trial 2, respectively. The results suggest that the prebiotic positively influences gastrointestinal integrity and performance.
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Abstract Objective: Irritable bowel syndrome is a frequent functional gastrointestinal disorder. The aims of this study were to investigate its epidemiology, focusing on the role of intestinal mucosal integrity and to evaluate the impact on the quality of life. Methods: A community-based survey applying a comparative cross sectional approach was conducted in six high schools in Palembang. Subjects were recruited using multistage random sampling divided in two groups. Rome III criteria were used to establish a diagnosis of IBS in combination with a questionnaire to determine risk factors. Determination of fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin and calprotectin levels was performed to determine impaired intestinal mucosal integrity. A questionnaire was used to evaluate how quality of life was affected by irritable bowel syndrome. Results: The survey was performed in 454 14−18 years old adolescents, of whom 30.2% fulfilled the Rome III criteria for IBS, with the following subtypes: 36.5% diarrhea, 18.9% constipation, 21.9% mixed, and 22.6% unclassified. Major risk factors were female gender, bullying, age 14-16 years, history of constipation and diarrhea, eating nuts, and drinking coffee, tea, and soft drinks. There was a significant association with intestinal inflammation (p = 0.013). A significantly impaired quality of life was found (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents was high, with bullying, female gender, age 14-16 years, constipation and diarrhea, and dietary consumption of soft drinks, coffee, and tea as risk factors. A significant association with intestinal inflammation was found.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/epidemiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Constipação Intestinal/epidemiologia , Diarreia/etiologia , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Indonésia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Irritable bowel syndrome is a frequent functional gastrointestinal disorder. The aims of this study were to investigate its epidemiology, focusing on the role of intestinal mucosal integrity and to evaluate the impact on the quality of life. METHODS: A community-based survey applying a comparative cross sectional approach was conducted in six high schools in Palembang. Subjects were recruited using multistage random sampling divided in two groups. Rome III criteria were used to establish a diagnosis of IBS in combination with a questionnaire to determine risk factors. Determination of fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin and calprotectin levels was performed to determine impaired intestinal mucosal integrity. A questionnaire was used to evaluate how quality of life was affected by irritable bowel syndrome. RESULTS: The survey was performed in 454 14-18years old adolescents, of whom 30.2% fulfilled the Rome III criteria for IBS, with the following subtypes: 36.5% diarrhea, 18.9% constipation, 21.9% mixed, and 22.6% unclassified. Major risk factors were female gender, bullying, age 14-16 years, history of constipation and diarrhea, eating nuts, and drinking coffee, tea, and soft drinks. There was a significant association with intestinal inflammation (p=0.013). A significantly impaired quality of life was found (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents was high, with bullying, female gender, age 14-16 years, constipation and diarrhea, and dietary consumption of soft drinks, coffee, and tea as risk factors. A significant association with intestinal inflammation was found.
Assuntos
Síndrome do Intestino Irritável , Adolescente , Constipação Intestinal/epidemiologia , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Estudos Transversais , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Indonésia/epidemiologia , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/epidemiologia , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) lectin fraction (TBLF) exhibits differential cytotoxicity on colon cancer cells and inhibition of early tumorigenesis in the colon (50 mg/kg, three times per week, for 6 weeks). TBLF showed low toxicity with the ability to activate the immune system; however, some adverse effects are the loss in body weight gain, intestinal atrophy, and pancreatic hyperplasia. After a recovery period of 2 weeks after treatment, reversion of pancreatic hyperplasia but no recovery of intestinal atrophy was observed. As TBLF has shown anticancer effects on the colon, it is important to characterize the adverse effects and how they can be reversed. Sprague Dawley rats were administered with TBLF (50 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, three times per week, and then allowed to recover for 6 weeks post-treatment. After TBLF administration, small intestine atrophy, villus atrophy, and cryptic hyperplasia were confirmed, as well as increased intestinal mucus production, increased permeability and a decrease in the apparent ileal digestibility of crude proteins. The colon showed damage in the simple prismatic tissue and decreased crypt depth, and changes in microbiota and a decrease in the apparent fecal digestibility of crude protein were determined. Our results show that the adverse effects provoked by TBLF were partially reversed after 6 weeks of recovery post-treatment, suggesting that increasing the recovery period it could be possible to reverse all adverse effects observed.
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Two experimental models were conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) or curcumin formulated in a solid dispersion (SD-CUR) as prophylactic or therapeutic alternatives to prevent or control S. Enteritidis (SE) infection in broiler chickens. In the prophylactic model, dietary administration of AA showed a significant reduction in SE counts in crop compared to the positive control (PC) group (p < 0.05), whereas in cecal tonsils (CT), SD-CUR significantly reduced SE recovery. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher in chickens supplemented with AA or SD-CUR, and total intestinal IgA levels were significantly lower in both treatments when compared to the PC group. Serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) levels were reduced by SD-CUR compared to PC, while AA presented significantly lower total aerobic bacteria. In the therapeutic model, only the dietary administration of AA significantly decreased SE in crop and CT on days 3 and 10 post-challenge. FITC-d levels were significantly lower in both treated groups in comparison to PC, but IgA levels were significantly reduced only by AA. The results suggest that dietary AA and SD-CUR have different modes of action to reduce SE intestinal colonization in two different challenge models in broiler chickens.
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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of exogenous enzymes supplementation in high protein (Hi-Pro) corn DDGS-based diets on broiler growth performance, intestinal health, and nutrient digestibility. A total of 200 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments with five replicates of 10 birds each. A basal diet (CON) was formulated (CP: 20%; ME: 2900 Kcal/kg) containing 15% of dietary crude protein share from Hi-Pro corn DDGS. Three experimental diets were developed using basal diets; diet one was supplemented with protease (CON-P), diet two with an enzyme mix of mannanase and xylanase (CON-MX) and diet three with a protease and enzyme mix of mannanase and xylanase. A digestibility assay was carried out using Celite (insoluble acid ash), from day 29 to day 35. On day 35, four birds from each replicate were picked randomly and killed by cervical dislocation to collect ileal digesta. In addition, duodenum, jejunum and ileum lengths were measured, and tissue samples were collected from midpoints of jejunum to note villus height and crypt depths. Feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not affected by dietary treatments during the entire study period (p>0.05). Likewise, no difference in carcass characteristics, soft organ weight, intestinal morphology, apparent amino acids digestibility and visible ileal digestible energy was observed by the dietary treatments (p>0.05).Supplementation of exogenous protease and enzyme mix (mannanase and xylanase) had no effect on growth performance, intestinal integrity and nutrient availability of broiler chickens fed Hi-Pro DDGS-based diets.
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/fisiologia , Peptídeo Hidrolases , Ração Animal , XilosidasesRESUMO
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of exogenous enzymes supplementation in high protein (Hi-Pro) corn DDGS-based diets on broiler growth performance, intestinal health, and nutrient digestibility. A total of 200 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments with five replicates of 10 birds each. A basal diet (CON) was formulated (CP: 20%; ME: 2900 Kcal/kg) containing 15% of dietary crude protein share from Hi-Pro corn DDGS. Three experimental diets were developed using basal diets; diet one was supplemented with protease (CON-P), diet two with an enzyme mix of mannanase and xylanase (CON-MX) and diet three with a protease and enzyme mix of mannanase and xylanase. A digestibility assay was carried out using Celite (insoluble acid ash), from day 29 to day 35. On day 35, four birds from each replicate were picked randomly and killed by cervical dislocation to collect ileal digesta. In addition, duodenum, jejunum and ileum lengths were measured, and tissue samples were collected from midpoints of jejunum to note villus height and crypt depths. Feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not affected by dietary treatments during the entire study period (p>0.05). Likewise, no difference in carcass characteristics, soft organ weight, intestinal morphology, apparent amino acids digestibility and visible ileal digestible energy was observed by the dietary treatments (p>0.05).Supplementation of exogenous protease and enzyme mix (mannanase and xylanase) had no effect on growth performance, intestinal integrity and nutrient availability of broiler chickens fed Hi-Pro DDGS-based diets.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/fisiologia , Peptídeo Hidrolases , Xilosidases , Ração AnimalRESUMO
Aspectos gerais sobre a utilização de aditivos zootécnicos equilibradores da flora intestinal em rações de aves de corte e de postura foram abordados nesta revisão, destacando-se a utilização de prebióticos, especialmente dos mananoligossacarídeos (MOSs), os quais promovem o crescimento das populações microbianas que melhoram as condições luminais. A utilização de aditivos equilibradores da flora intestinal tem revelado melhorias na integridade do epitélio intestinal (aumento da altura e largura das vilosidades), no desempenho (melhora na produção e conversão alimentar) e na qualidade do produto final (qualidade da casca dos ovos). Esta revisão objetivou abordar também aspectos relacionados às características, ao mecanismo de ação, além dos efeitos benéficos da utilização desses aditivos alternativos aos antibióticos na avicultura de corte e de postura, incluindo codornas japonesas.(AU)
The general aspects on the use of zootechnical additives that balance the intestinal flora in diets of broilers and laying were reviewed, highlighting the use of prebiotics, mainly Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS). These promote the growth of microbial population, thus improving luminal conditions. The use of additives balancing the intestinal flora has been shown to improve the integrity of the intestinal epithelium (increased villus height and width), performance (improvement in production and feed conversion), and quality of the final product (quality of shell eggs). This review also addresses issues related to the characteristics, mechanism of action, in addition to the beneficial effects of using these additives as an alternative to antibiotics in the poultry production, including Japanese quail.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas , Prebióticos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , AgroindústriaRESUMO
The general aspects on the use of zootechnical additives that balance the intestinal flora in diets of broilers and laying were reviewed, highlighting the use of prebiotics, mainly Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS). These promote the growth of microbial population, thus improving luminal conditions. The use of additives balancing the intestinal flora has been shown to improve the integrity of the intestinal epithelium (increased villus height and width), performance (improvement in production and feed conversion), and quality of the final product (quality of shell eggs). This review also addresses issues related to the characteristics, mechanism of action, in addition to the beneficial effects of using these additives as an alternative to antibiotics in the poultry production, including Japanese quail.(AU)
Aspectos gerais sobre a utilização de aditivos zootécnicos equilibradores da flora intestinal em rações de aves de corte e de postura foram abordados nesta revisão, destacando-se a utilização de prebióticos, especialmente dos mananoligossacarídeos (MOSs), os quais promovem o crescimento das populações microbianas que melhoram as condições luminais. A utilização de aditivos equilibradores da flora intestinal tem revelado melhorias na integridade do epitélio intestinal (aumento da altura e largura das vilosidades), no desempenho (melhora na produção e conversão alimentar) e na qualidade do produto final (qualidade da casca dos ovos). Esta revisão objetivou abordar também aspectos relacionados às características, ao mecanismo de ação, além dos efeitos benéficos da utilização desses aditivos alternativos aos antibióticos na avicultura de corte e de postura, incluindo codornas japonesas.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Prebióticos , AgroindústriaRESUMO
The general aspects on the use of zootechnical additives that balance the intestinal flora in diets of broilers and laying were reviewed, highlighting the use of prebiotics, mainly Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS). These promote the growth of microbial population, thus improving luminal conditions. The use of additives balancing the intestinal flora has been shown to improve the integrity of the intestinal epithelium (increased villus height and width), performance (improvement in production and feed conversion), and quality of the final product (quality of shell eggs). This review also addresses issues related to the characteristics, mechanism of action, in addition to the beneficial effects of using these additives as an alternative to antibiotics in the poultry production, including Japanese quail.
Aspectos gerais sobre a utilização de aditivos zootécnicos equilibradores da flora intestinal em rações de aves de corte e de postura foram abordados nesta revisão, destacando-se a utilização de prebióticos, especialmente dos mananoligossacarídeos (MOSs), os quais promovem o crescimento das populações microbianas que melhoram as condições luminais. A utilização de aditivos equilibradores da flora intestinal tem revelado melhorias na integridade do epitélio intestinal (aumento da altura e largura das vilosidades), no desempenho (melhora na produção e conversão alimentar) e na qualidade do produto final (qualidade da casca dos ovos). Esta revisão objetivou abordar também aspectos relacionados às características, ao mecanismo de ação, além dos efeitos benéficos da utilização desses aditivos alternativos aos antibióticos na avicultura de corte e de postura, incluindo codornas japonesas.
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Animais , Aves Domésticas , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Prebióticos , AgroindústriaRESUMO
Evidence from animal and human studies has associated gut microbiota, increased translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reduced intestinal integrity (II) with the inflammatory state that occurs in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consumption of Ca may favour body weight reduction and glycaemic control, but its influence on II and gut microbiota is not well understood. Considering the impact of metabolic diseases on public health and the role of Ca on the pathophysiology of these diseases, this review critically discusses possible mechanisms by which high-Ca diets could affect gut microbiota and II. Published studies from 1993 to 2015 about this topic were searched and selected from Medline/PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases. High-Ca diets seem to favour the growth of lactobacilli, maintain II (especially in the colon), reduce translocation of LPS and regulate tight-junction gene expression. We conclude that dietary Ca might interfere with gut microbiota and II modulations and it can partly explain the effect of Ca on obesity and T2DM control. However, further research is required to define the supplementation period, the dose and the type of Ca supplement (milk or salt) required for more effective results. As Ca interacts with other components of the diet, these interactions must also be considered in future studies. We believe that more complex mechanisms involving extraintestinal disorders (hormones, cytokines and other biomarkers) also need to be studied.
Assuntos
Cálcio da Dieta/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Intestinos/microbiologia , Modelos Biológicos , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Animais , Cálcio/deficiência , Deficiências Nutricionais/imunologia , Deficiências Nutricionais/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/microbiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Gastroenterite/etiologia , Humanos , Intestinos/imunologia , Intestinos/fisiopatologia , Leite , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/microbiologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , PermeabilidadeRESUMO
Para avaliar se a qualidade microbiológica da água de dessedentação intervém na morfologia intestinal de frangos de corte, foram analisados o consumo semanal de água, a microbiologia de amostras de água, a microscopia eletrônica de varredura e a histologia do intestino delgado de frangos de corte tratados com água filtrada e não filtrada. Os frangos que ingeriram água filtrada tiveram acesso ao menor número de micro-organismos fecais (2,52±0,99 Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes fecais e 1,17±1,25 NMP de Escherichia coli) em relação aos que ingeriram água não filtrada (3,62±0,67 NMP e 2,53±1,13 NMP). Aos 14, 21 e 45 dias de vida, foram colhidas amostras do duodeno, jejuno e íleo de 96 aves. Após rotina laboratorial, as amostras conservadas em glutaraldeído foram eletronmicrografadas e analisadas quanto à densidade de vilos e o material mantido em solução de Bouin foi destinado à confecção de lâminas histológicas que foram analisadas morfometricamente. O duodeno das aves que receberam água não filtrada apresentou maior densidade dos vilos em resposta à qualidade microbiológica da água. Na morfometria intestinal, observou-se que aves que receberam água não filtrada apresentaram aumento na profundidade das criptas intestinais e elevada altura das vilosidades em relação às aves que ingeriram água filtrada. Infere-se que a água filtrada, oferecida aos frangos de corte em um período de vida de 45 dias, favorece a manutenção da integridade intestinal...
To evaluate if microbiological quality of drinking water has an effect on intestinal morphology of broilers, the weekly water consumption by them was verified, and microbiological analysis of water samples, scanning electron microscopy and small intestine histology of broilers treated with filtered and not filtered water was conducted. Chickens that ingested filtered water had access to fewer fecal microorganisms (2.52±0.99 Most Probable Number MPN of fecal coliforms and 1.17±1.25 MPN of Escherichia coli) compared to those who drank no filtered water (3.62±0.67 and 2.53±1.13 MPN). At 14, 21 and 45 days old, the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 96 birds were sampled. After laboratory routine, samples preserved in glutaraldehyde were eletronmicrographed and evaluated by villous density, and the material maintained in Bouin's solution was destinated to histological slides that were analyzed morphometrically. The duodenum of birds that ingested not filtered water had the highest density of villi in response to microbiological water quality. In intestinal morphometry, were observed that birds receiving not filtered water showed increase in intestinal crypts depth and presented larger villi compared with birds that ingested filtered water. It is cocluded that filtered water, offered to broilers in a life span of 45 days, favors the maintenance of intestinal integrity...
Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aves Domésticas/fisiologia , Intestinos/anatomia & histologia , Intestinos/fisiologia , Qualidade da Água , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/veterináriaRESUMO
Para avaliar se a qualidade microbiológica da água de dessedentação intervém na morfologia intestinal de frangos de corte, foram analisados o consumo semanal de água, a microbiologia de amostras de água, a microscopia eletrônica de varredura e a histologia do intestino delgado de frangos de corte tratados com água filtrada e não filtrada. Os frangos que ingeriram água filtrada tiveram acesso ao menor número de micro-organismos fecais (2,52±0,99 Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes fecais e 1,17±1,25 NMP de Escherichia coli) em relação aos que ingeriram água não filtrada (3,62±0,67 NMP e 2,53±1,13 NMP). Aos 14, 21 e 45 dias de vida, foram colhidas amostras do duodeno, jejuno e íleo de 96 aves. Após rotina laboratorial, as amostras conservadas em glutaraldeído foram eletronmicrografadas e analisadas quanto à densidade de vilos e o material mantido em solução de Bouin foi destinado à confecção de lâminas histológicas que foram analisadas morfometricamente. O duodeno das aves que receberam água não filtrada apresentou maior densidade dos vilos em resposta à qualidade microbiológica da água. Na morfometria intestinal, observou-se que aves que receberam água não filtrada apresentaram aumento na profundidade das criptas intestinais e elevada altura das vilosidades em relação às aves que ingeriram água filtrada. Infere-se que a água filtrada, oferecida aos frangos de corte em um período de vida de 45 dias, favorece a manutenção da integridade intestinal.(AU)
To evaluate if microbiological quality of drinking water has an effect on intestinal morphology of broilers, the weekly water consumption by them was verified, and microbiological analysis of water samples, scanning electron microscopy and small intestine histology of broilers treated with filtered and not filtered water was conducted. Chickens that ingested filtered water had access to fewer fecal microorganisms (2.52±0.99 Most Probable Number MPN of fecal coliforms and 1.17±1.25 MPN of Escherichia coli) compared to those who drank no filtered water (3.62±0.67 and 2.53±1.13 MPN). At 14, 21 and 45 days old, the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 96 birds were sampled. After laboratory routine, samples preserved in glutaraldehyde were eletronmicrographed and evaluated by villous density, and the material maintained in Bouin's solution was destinated to histological slides that were analyzed morphometrically. The duodenum of birds that ingested not filtered water had the highest density of villi in response to microbiological water quality. In intestinal morphometry, were observed that birds receiving not filtered water showed increase in intestinal crypts depth and presented larger villi compared with birds that ingested filtered water. It is cocluded that filtered water, offered to broilers in a life span of 45 days, favors the maintenance of intestinal integrity.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas/fisiologia , Aves Domésticas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Qualidade da Água , Intestinos/anatomia & histologia , Intestinos/fisiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/veterináriaRESUMO
Five hundred commercial male Cobb broilers were allotted in a randomized blocks design with five treatments, four replicates and 25 chicks per experimental unit in order to evaluate the effects of adding L-glutamine to the diet with no anticoccidial agents and growth promoters. Experimental diets contained L-glutamine at different levels (0.0; 5.0; 10.0; 15.0 or 20.0g/kg), through the experimental period. Experiment was conducted with broiler chicken from 1 to 42 days old. The parameters evaluated were feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, mortality, digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract, carcass yield and intestinal mucosa structure of small intestine. The data obtained were submitted to polynomial regression analysis. Means were compared using Tukey test.Was considered a type I error set at P 0.05. The level of L-glutamine in the diet influenced feed conversion ratio of broilers at 1-7 days old, which was improved at 10.0g/kgL glutamine. Carcass yield and digestibility coefficients of the diet were not affected by the levels of glutamine in the diet. Adding L-glutamine influenced crypt depth in small intestine of broilers at 18 and 42 days old. It is recommended the addition of 10.0g/kg L-glutamine to the pre-started diet.
Quinhentos frangos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb foram distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos, quarto repetições e 25 aves por unidade experimental para avaliar os efeitos da adição de L-glutamina na dieta das aves sem anticoccidiano e promotor de crescimento. As dietas experimentais continham L-glutamina em diferentes níveis (0,0;5,0;10,0;15.0 e 20,0g/kg). O experimento foi conduzido com frangos de corte de 1 a 42 dias de idade. As variáveis avaliadas foram consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, ganho de peso, mortaliade, coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, da proteína bruta e do extrato etéreo, rendimento de carcaça e morfometria do intestino delgado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão polinomial. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey. - Considerou-se o erro tipo I sendo P 0,05. O nível de L-glutamina na dieta influenciou a conversão alimentar dos frangos de 1 a 7 dias de idade, sendo melhor com 10,0g/kg L-glutamina. Rendimento de carcaça e coeficientes de digestibilidade não foram afetados pelos níveis de glutamina na dieta. Adição de L-glutamina influenciou a profundidade de cripta do intestino delgado aos 18 e 42 dias de idade. Recomenda-se a adição de 10,0g/kg L-glutamina na dieta pré-inicial das aves.
RESUMO
Five hundred commercial male Cobb broilers were allotted in a randomized blocks design with five treatments, four replicates and 25 chicks per experimental unit in order to evaluate the effects of adding L-glutamine to the diet with no anticoccidial agents and growth promoters. Experimental diets contained L-glutamine at different levels (0.0; 5.0; 10.0; 15.0 or 20.0g/kg), through the experimental period. Experiment was conducted with broiler chicken from 1 to 42 days old. The parameters evaluated were feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, mortality, digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract, carcass yield and intestinal mucosa structure of small intestine. The data obtained were submitted to polynomial regression analysis. Means were compared using Tukey test.Was considered a type I error set at P 0.05. The level of L-glutamine in the diet influenced feed conversion ratio of broilers at 1-7 days old, which was improved at 10.0g/kgL glutamine. Carcass yield and digestibility coefficients of the diet were not affected by the levels of glutamine in the diet. Adding L-glutamine influenced crypt depth in small intestine of broilers at 18 and 42 days old. It is recommended the addition of 10.0g/kg L-glutamine to the pre-started diet. Keywords: Amino acids. Additives.Birds. Coccidiosis. Intestinal integrity.
Quinhentos frangos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb foram distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos, quarto repetições e 25 aves por unidade experimental para avaliar os efeitos da adição de L-glutamina na dieta das aves sem anticoccidiano e promotor de crescimento. As dietas experimentais continham L-glutamina em diferentes níveis (0,0;5,0;10,0;15.0 e 20,0g/kg). O experimento foi conduzido com frangos de corte de 1 a 42 dias de idade. As variáveis avaliadas foram consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, ganho de peso, mortaliade, coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, da proteína bruta e do extrato etéreo, rendimento de carcaça e morfometria do intestino delgado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão polinomial. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey. - Considerou-se o erro tipo I sendo P 0,05. O nível de L-glutamina na dieta influenciou a conversão alimentar dos frangos de 1 a 7 dias de idade, sendo melhor com 10,0g/kg L-glutamina. Rendimento de carcaça e coeficientes de digestibilidade não foram afetados pelos níveis de glutamina na dieta. Adição de L-glutamina influenciou a profundidade de cripta do intestino delgado aos 18 e 42 dias de idade. Recomenda-se a adição de 10,0g/kg L-glutamina na dieta pré-inicial das aves.
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Galinhas/fisiologia , Intestinos/anatomia & histologia , Intestinos/fisiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Coccidiostáticos/análise , Glutamina/análise , Glutamina/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
Five hundred commercial male Cobb broilers were allotted in a randomized blocks design with five treatments, four replicates and 25 chicks per experimental unit in order to evaluate the effects of adding L-glutamine to the diet with no anticoccidial agents and growth promoters. Experimental diets contained L-glutamine at different levels (0.0; 5.0; 10.0; 15.0 or 20.0g/kg), through the experimental period. Experiment was conducted with broiler chicken from 1 to 42 days old. The parameters evaluated were feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, mortality, digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract, carcass yield and intestinal mucosa structure of small intestine. The data obtained were submitted to polynomial regression analysis. Means were compared using Tukey test.Was considered a type I error set at P 0.05. The level of L-glutamine in the diet influenced feed conversion ratio of broilers at 1-7 days old, which was improved at 10.0g/kgL glutamine. Carcass yield and digestibility coefficients of the diet were not affected by the levels of glutamine in the diet. Adding L-glutamine influenced crypt depth in small intestine of broilers at 18 and 42 days old. It is recommended the addition of 10.0g/kg L-glutamine to the pre-started diet. Keywords: Amino acids. Additives.Birds. Coccidiosis. Intestinal integrity.(AU)
Quinhentos frangos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb foram distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos, quarto repetições e 25 aves por unidade experimental para avaliar os efeitos da adição de L-glutamina na dieta das aves sem anticoccidiano e promotor de crescimento. As dietas experimentais continham L-glutamina em diferentes níveis (0,0;5,0;10,0;15.0 e 20,0g/kg). O experimento foi conduzido com frangos de corte de 1 a 42 dias de idade. As variáveis avaliadas foram consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, ganho de peso, mortaliade, coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, da proteína bruta e do extrato etéreo, rendimento de carcaça e morfometria do intestino delgado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão polinomial. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey. - Considerou-se o erro tipo I sendo P 0,05. O nível de L-glutamina na dieta influenciou a conversão alimentar dos frangos de 1 a 7 dias de idade, sendo melhor com 10,0g/kg L-glutamina. Rendimento de carcaça e coeficientes de digestibilidade não foram afetados pelos níveis de glutamina na dieta. Adição de L-glutamina influenciou a profundidade de cripta do intestino delgado aos 18 e 42 dias de idade. Recomenda-se a adição de 10,0g/kg L-glutamina na dieta pré-inicial das aves.(AU)