RESUMO

O autor faz reflexões sobre a difícil tarefa de escolher os candidatos à formação analítica. Compara as diferenças entre os critérios que são utilizados habitualmente nas outras profissões, e as peculiaridades requeridas pela atividade psicanalítica. Supõe estar na raiz de um psicanalista a curiosidade, a capacidade de reconhecer a singularidade, de promover a diversidade e o interesse legítimo pela alteridade, além da capacidade de não se sentir o dono do saber. Julga que os critérios válidos para a aceitação ou reprovação do postulante devem passar por tempo de análise, história de vida, itinerários, como situa o interesse pela análise, o que atrai no trabalho do analista e trajetória acadêmica. Postula que a idade desejável para ingressar na formação não deve exceder os 30 anos. Salienta que no grupo uruguaio a instituição se responsabiliza apenas pela duração no tempo e frequência semanal das sessões. Aponta para a necessidade de nos enriquecermos com a diferença dos candidatos, e de não nos concentrarmos em critérios rígidos.

The author reflects on the hard task of choosing the applicants for psychoanalytic training. He distinguishes between the criteria that are usually applied in other professions and the peculiar requirements of the psychoanalytic activity. The author supposes that a psychoanalyst should be based on curiosity, ability to identify singularity, ability to promote diversity and legitimate interest in alterity, besides the ability not to feel themselves to be the owners of knowledge. The author considers that the valid criteria for either approval or rejection should include hours of analysis, history of life, itineraries, how the candidates place their interest in analysis, what attracts them in the psychoanalytic work, and their academic path. The author postulates that the desirable age for a candidate to start the training should not be over 30 years old. He emphasizes that, in the Uruguayan group, the institution is responsible for nothing else but the duration in time and the weekly frequency of sessions. He highlights that, instead of being attached to rigid criteria, we must enrich ourselves with the differences between the applicants.

El autor hace algunas reflexiones sobre la difícil tarea de seleccionar candidatos para la formación analítica. Compara las diferencias entre los criterios de selección que son utilizados habitualmente en otras profesiones y señala las peculiaridades requeridas por la actividad psicoanalítica. Destaca algunas características que son básicas para un psicoanalista: la curiosidad, la capacidad de reconocer la singularidad, de promover la diversidad y el interés legítimo por la alteridad, además de la capacidad de no sentirse el dueño del saber. Considera que los criterios para la aprobación o no de un postulante deben pasar por el tiempo de análisis, su historia de vida, su trayectoria, la manera como el candidato sitúa su interés por el psicoanálisis, que es lo que lo atrae en el trabajo del analista y cual es su trayectoria académica. Desde el punto de vista del autor, la edad deseable para iniciar la formación no debería exceder los 30 años. Señala que el grupo uruguayo, la institución se responsabiliza sólo por la duración en el tiempo y por la frecuencia semanal de las sesiones. Destaca la necesidad de enriquecernos con la diferencia de los candidatos y de no concentrarnos en criterios rígidos.

L'auteur fait des réflexions concernant la tâche difficile de choisir les candidats à la formation analytique. Il compare les différences entre les critères employés habituellement dans d'autres professions et les spécificités qui caractérisent l'activité psychanalytique. Il suppose que dans la racine d'un psychanalyste se trouve la curiosité, la capacité de reconnaître la singularité, de promouvoir la diversité et l'intérêt légitime pour l'altérité, outre la capacité de ne pas prétendre posséder la vérité. Il juge que les critères valables pour l'acceptation ou la réprobation du postulant doivent être liés à la durée de son analyse, à son histoire de vie, à ses itinéraires, à comme celui-ci situe l'intérêt pour l'analyse, ce qui l'attire davantage vers le travail de l'analyste et vers la trajectoire académique. Il postule que l'âge optimal pour entrer dans la formation ne doit pas excéder les trente ans. Il met en relief que dans le groupe uruguayen l'institution n'est responsable que par la durée au long du temps et la fréquence hebdomadaire des séances. Il signale le besoin de l'enrichissement par la différence des candidats et de ne pas se concentrer sur des critères rigides.

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We offer the first empirical test of the 'stranger-interviewer norm', according to which interviewers in social, demographic, and health surveys should be strangers-not personally familiar with respondents. We use data from an experimental survey in the Dominican Republic that featured three types of interviewer: from out of town (outsiders); local but unknown to the respondent (local-strangers); and local with a previous relationship to the respondent (insiders). We were able to validate answers to up to 18 questions per respondent, mainly by checking official documents in their possession. Contrary to expectations derived from the stranger-interviewer norm, respondents were more reluctant to show the documents needed for validation when the interviewer was an outsider. Furthermore, and again at odds with the stranger-interviewer norm, we found no difference in accuracy by type of interviewer. Our results have important implications for the selection of survey interviewers in less developed and non-Western settings.

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PIP: This work explores the potential complementarity of the sociodemographic, psychoanthropological, and sociopsychoanalytical perspectives for achieving understanding of the individual and familial roots of demographic behavior. Examination of the sociodemographic focus was stimulated and enriched by a 1986 seminar that considered theoretical and methodological problems in the integration of demographic dynamics into social research. Specific questions raised concerned the advantages and shortcomings of attitude and opinion surveys, the specifics of microsocial investigation, and the importance of the family as a mediator between larger social influences and individual behavior. Reflections on the relevance of the psychoanthropological tradition to the problems of microsocial research were influenced by a work published in the mid 1960s by the anthropologist and psychoanalyst Devereux. The affective distancing and unconscious defensive reactions of the investigator must, according to Devereux, be taken into account but also offer rich possibilities for analysis. Devereux also stressed that the study of human behavior occurs in the context of a reciprocal relation between the observer and the observed, with the observed playing a far from passive role. The presence of the observer occasions certain reactions but also is a source of complementary and relevant data for the study of behavior. A third possibility suggested by Devereux is that of approaching the unconscious of the study subjects through examination of the anxiety and other unconscious reactions of the researcher. Interpretative questionnaires, finally, are a tool of the sociopsychoanalytical tradition of potential use in demographic study. Interpretative questionnaires are applied to individuals in order to study personal psychic aspects, but their goal is the study of the socioeconomic and cultural environment that molds the personal characteristics of the respondents.^ieng

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Two hundred and sixty-eight Jamaican women were interviewed and asked about their views on various types of contraceptives. During the interviews they were given an outline of a woman's body and asked to draw the female reproductive system. Worries about altered menstruation, irreversible sterility and other consequences of contraception contributed to underutilization of services. Recommendations for improved services and public education are made.

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