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Introdução: A carreira do cirurgião é desafiadora, pesquisas científicas identificaram uma prevalência de burnout em cerca de 1/3 dos cirurgiões plásticos. Estudos científicos anteriores sobre esse tópico têm se concentrado nos aspectos negativos do trabalho na área médica. Os dados de bem-estar e dos fatores associados à maior felicidade disponíveis, específicos para cirurgia plástica, são inconsistentes e limitados. O objetivo é avaliar a felicidade do cirurgião plástico do estado de São Paulo e quais fatores estão associados à maior felicidade. Método: Estudo primário, observacional, descritivo e transversal. Foi realizada uma pesquisa on-line utilizando um instrumento validado, a Escala de Felicidade Subjetiva (EFS), que foi enviado aos membros da Regional São Paulo da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica (SBCP-SP) entre dezembro de 2020 e julho de 2021. Características sociodemográficas e ocupacionais foram relacionadas ao grau de felicidade mensurado. Resultados: A taxa de resposta foi de 12,18%, n=268, sendo 70,1% do sexo masculino e 29,9% do feminino. O escore obtido através da EFS foi de 5,51±0,13 e a média do escore para o sexo masculino foi de 5,49 e para o sexo feminino de 5,57. 143 (53,36%) dos participantes são membros associados e 125 (46,64%) membros titulares da SBCP. 177 (66,04%) afirmaram que, caso pudessem voltar atrás, escolheriam novamente a cirurgia plástica como especialidade, 62 (23,13%) que talvez, e 27 (10,82%) que não. Conclusão: A cirurgia plástica no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, possibilita aos profissionais da especialidade uma carreira com altos índices de felicidade, inclusive para o sexo feminino.
Introduction: The career of the surgeon is challenging, and scientific research has identified a prevalence of burnout in approximately 1/3 of plastic surgeons. The data on well-being and factors associated with greater happiness available specifically to plastic surgery are inconsistent and limited. The objective is to evaluate the happiness of plastic surgeons in São Paulo and which factors are associated with greater happiness. Method: This was a primary, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. An online survey was conducted using a validated instrument, the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), which was sent to members of the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery-São Paulo (SBCP-SP) from December 2020 to July 2021. Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics were related to the degree of happiness measured. Results: The response rate was 12.18%, n = 268, with 70.1% males and 29.9% females. The score obtained using the SHS was 5.51 ± 0.13, and the mean score for males was 5.49 and for females was 5.57. A total of 143 (53.36%) of the participants were associate members, and 125 (46.64%) were full members of the SBCP. A total of 177 (66.04%) stated that if they could go back in time, they would choose plastic surgery again as a specialty, 62 (23.13%) perhaps, and 27 (10.82%) said that they would not. Conclusion: Plastic surgery in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, allows professionals in the specialty to have a career with high levels of happiness, including for females.
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Introdução:A inserção das equipes de saúde bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família, embora tardia, representa um avanço significativo para a ampliação da cobertura e da qualidade dos serviços odontológicos no Brasil. No entanto, aindaexistem muitosdesafiosnas práticas do cirurgião-dentista na Estratégia Saúde da Família. A atuação majoritariamente clínica prejudica a realização deum trabalho humanístico, resolutivo, interdisciplinar e multiprofissional. Objetivo:Relatar a experiência de atuação de uma cirurgiã-dentista residente na Atenção Primária em Saúde no município de Santo Estêvão, Bahia, Brasil, durante o Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, do tipo relato de experiência, que visa descrever as atividades desenvolvidas durante o Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família, da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, no município de Santo Estêvão, Bahia, Brasil, no período de março de 2022 a novembro de 2023. Resultados:As atividades descritas abrangem as diferentes possibilidades de trabalho do cirurgião-dentista na Atenção Primária, envolvendo ações assistenciais através das consultas individuais e levantamento epidemiológico, educação permanente e em saúde com atuação nos grupos operativos e capacitações com os profissionais da rede e as ações de planejamento e gestão, através do desenvolvimento de estratégias para fortalecer a rede de atenção à saúde. Conclusões:É preciso motivar os profissionais de saúde bucal a repensarem suas práticas, tendo como ponto de partida o investimento e o estímulo à educação permanente e continuada. A especialização em saúde da família permite que cirurgiões-dentistas que atuam ou têminteresse em trabalhar no serviço público desenvolvam habilidades e práticas voltadas para uma assistência integral e multiprofissional da saúde, contribuindo para a consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde (AU).
Introduction:The oral health team inclusion in the Family Health Strategy represents a significant advance in expanding the coverage and quality of dental services in Brazil. However, there arestill many challenges in the dental surgeons practices in the Family Health Strategy. The ppredominantly clinical approach hinders the achievement of ahumanistic, problem-solving, and interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary. Objective:To report the experience of a dental surgeon resident in Primary Health Care in the city of Santo Estêvão, Bahia, Brazil, during the Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Family Health at the Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Methodology:This is a qualitative study, experience report type, which aims to describe the activities developed during the Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Family Health at the Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, in the city of Santo Estêvão, Bahia, Brazil, from March 2022 to November 2023. Results:The activities described cover the different work possibilities of dental surgeons in Primary Care, involving assistance actions through individual consultations and epidemiological surveys, ongoing health education with work in operative groups and training with network professionals, and planning and management actions through the development of strategies to strengthen the health care network. Conclusion:It is necessary to motivate oral health professionals to rethink their practices, with investment and encouragement for permanent and continuing education as a starting point. Specialization in family health allows dental surgeons who work or are interested in working in the public service to develop skills and practices aimed at comprehensive and multidisciplinary health care, contributing to the consolidation of the Unified Health System (AU).
Introducción: La inclusión de los equipos de salud dental en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar, aunque tardía, representa un avance significativo en la ampliación de la cobertura y la calidad de los servicios dentales en Brasil. Sin embargo, los cirujanos dentistas siguen enfrentándose a muchos retos em la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. El enfoque mayoritariamente clínico obstacualiza la realización de um enfoque humanista, resolutivo, interdisciplinario y multiprofesional.Objetivo:Reportar la experiencia de un cirujano dentista residente en Atención Primaria de Salud en el ayuntamiento de Santo Estêvão, Bahía, Brasil, durante el Programa de Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud Familiar de la Universidad Estadual de Feira de Santana.Metodología:Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, del tipoinforme de experiencia, que tiene como objetivo describir las actividades desarrolladas durante el Programa de Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud Familiar de la Universidad Estadual de Feira de Santana, en el ayuntamiento de Santo Estêvão, Bahía, Brasil, de marzo de 2022 a noviembre de 2023. Resultados:Las actividades descritas abarcan las diferentes posibilidades de trabajo del cirujano dentista en la Atención Primaria, implicando actividades asistenciales mediante consultas individuales y encuestas epidemiológicas, educación sanitaria continuada con actuación en los grupos operativos y capacitaciones con los profesionales de la red y actividades de planificación y gestión mediante el desarrollo de estrategias de fortalecimiento de la red de atención sanitaria.Conclusiones:Es necesario motivar a los profesionales de la salud dental a replantear sus prácticas, con la inversión y el fomento de la formación permanente y continua como punto de partida. La especialización en salud familiar permite a los cirujanos dentistas que trabajan o están interesados en trabajar en el servicio público desarrollar competencias y prácticas dirigidas a la atención sanitaria integral y multiprofesional, contribuyendo a la consolidación del Sistema Único de Salud (AU).
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Humanos , Feminino , Assistência Odontológica , Odontólogos , Equipe de Saúde Bucal , Internato e Residência , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estratégias de Saúde Nacionais , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the residency experience for physicians across all specialties. There have been studies examining resident perspectives on changes in curriculum and clinical experiences due to the pandemic; however, little research has been conducted on how residents in different specialties interpreted their educational experience and rates of burnout during the pandemic. Methods: We extended surveys to 281 residents across 15 separate residency programs between November 17, 2020, and December 20, 2020. The questions pertained to burnout and the effects of the pandemic on their careers. Differences between general and specialty medicine resident responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The final analysis included 105 responses (40% response rate). We received 62 surveys (59%) from general medicine residents and 43 surveys (41%) from specialty medicine residents, with a higher response rate from junior level trainees in both groups. We found no significant differences between general and specialty residents on the level of burnout, impact on clinical experience, or future career due to COVID-19, though there was a significant difference between resident groups on the perceived impact of COVID-19 on learning. Conclusion: Specialty medicine residents reported a negative perception of the pandemic's impact on their learning during residency suggesting a greater impact on training than was perceived by the general medicine residents. Residents from general and specialty medicine programs reported similar levels of burnout and similar perceptions of the pandemic's impact on their clinical experience and future career prospects. Understanding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on resident education and well-being should serve graduate medical education administrators well and prepare them for future interruptions in the traditional learning process.
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Objective: To determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression and burnout in residents of Gynecology and Obstetrics during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and its associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving all regions of Brazil, through the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) instrument. Multivariate analysis was performed after adjusting the Poisson model. Results: Among the 719 participating medical residents, screening was positive for anxiety in 75.7% and for depression in 49.8% of cases. Burnout syndrome was evidenced in 41.3% of the physicians studied. Those with depression are more likely to have anxiety (OR 0.797; 95%CI 0.687 - 0.925) and burnout syndrome (OR 0.847 95%CI 0.74 - 0.97). Residents with anxiety (OR 0.805; 95%CI 0.699 - 0.928) and burnout (OR 0.841; 95%CI 0.734 - 0.963) are more likely to have depression. Conclusion: High prevalence of anxiety, depression and burnout were found in residents of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Brazil, in addition to important correlations between anxiety-depression and depression-burnout.
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Ansiedade , Esgotamento Profissional , COVID-19 , Depressão , Ginecologia , Internato e Residência , Obstetrícia , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Depressão/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Adulto , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pandemias , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2 , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Advances in treatment of structural heart disease have been disruptive to cardiovascular surgery, and there have been discussions about how to incorporate these technologies into the surgeons' therapeutic arsenal. Transcatheter procedures, complex redo interventions, and endovascular aortic approaches are already practiced by cardiovascular surgeons in Brazil. The expansion of these techniques, coupled with recent changes in the country's medical residency program in cardiovascular surgery, has led to an urgent need to acquire catheter-based skills. In this article, we discuss these aspects in the light of the reality of cardiovascular surgery training in Brazil.
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Procedimentos Endovasculares , Internato e Residência , Cirurgiões , Humanos , Brasil , Competência ClínicaRESUMO
Introducción. La insuficiencia respiratoria es la causa más común de paro cardíaco en pediatría; su reconocimiento y el manejo adecuado son cruciales. La simulación se utiliza para mejorar las habilidades médicas. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la proporción de residentes de pediatría que reconocieron un paro respiratorio (PR) pediátrico en un centro de simulación. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional con 77 médicos residentes. Se utilizó un caso simulado de un paciente con dificultad respiratoria que progresa a PR. Resultados. De los 77 participantes, 48 reconocieron el paro respiratorio (62,3 %). El tiempo medio para reconocer el PR fue de 34,43 segundos. Conclusión. El 62,3 % de los participantes logró reconocer el paro respiratorio. Entre aquellos que lo identificaron, el tiempo promedio fue de 34,43 segundos. Se observaron graves deficiencias en algunas de las intervenciones esperadas.
Introduction. Respiratory failure is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in pediatrics. Recognizing and managing it adequately is critical. Simulation is used to improve medical skills. The objective of this study was to establish the proportion of pediatric residents who recognized a respiratory arrest in a child at a simulation center. Methods. This was an observational study in 77 residents. A simulation of a patient with respiratory distress that progressed to respiratory arrest was used. Results. Among the 77 participants, 48 recognized respiratory arrest (62.3%). The mean time to recognize respiratory arrest was 34.43 seconds. Conclusion. Respiratory arrest was recognized by 62.3% of participants. Among those who did so, the average time was 34.43 seconds. Severe failures were noted in some of the expected interventions.
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Humanos , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Internato e Residência , Competência Clínica , Manuseio das Vias AéreasRESUMO
Introducción. El efecto de las políticas para el mejoramiento del bienestar de los residentes, en términos de desgaste profesional y compromiso laboral, es controversial y su resultado tras la implementación de la "ley de residentes" (1917/2018) en Colombia es desconocido. Este estudio explora el efecto de esta ley en médicos residentes de cirugía colombianos. Métodos. Estudio de métodos mixtos secuencial explicativo. Inicialmente, se invitó a todos los residentes de cirugía del país a autodiligenciar los cuestionarios UWES-17 y MBI-HSS para evaluar el compromiso laboral (vigor, dedicación y absorción) y desgaste profesional (agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y baja realización personal) antes (2019) y después (2022) de la implementación de la ley. Se probaron diferentes hipótesis mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados fueron explorados con cirujanos mediante grupos focales. La información cualitativa fue analizada manualmente y por inteligencia artificial, y reportada en temas principales. Resultados. Participaron en el estudio 400 residentes. La tasa de desgaste profesional fue de 24,8 % antes y 15,8 % después (p=0,032). El análisis de ecuaciones estructurales confirmó que el agotamiento emocional sobre el desgaste profesional fue menor en 2022 (p=0,022). No se identificaron cambios significativos en el compromiso laboral. La principal explicación fue atribuida a los beneficios económicos de la ley. Conclusión. La tasa de desgaste profesional en médicos residentes de cirugía colombianos se redujo significativamente tras la implementación de la "ley de residentes". Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la practica y el mejoramiento de la calidad de la educación.
Introduction. The effect of policies to improve residents' well-being, in terms of professional burnout and work commitment is controversial, and its result after the implementation of the "residents' law" (1917/2018) in Colombia is unknown. This study explores the effect of this law on Colombian surgical residents. Methods. Explanatory sequential mixed methods study. Initially, all surgical residents in the country were invited to self-complete the UWES-17 and MBI-HSS questionnaires to evaluate work commitment (vigor, dedication, and absorption) and professional burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment) before (2019) and after (2022) the implementation of the law. Different hypotheses were tested using structural equation models. The results were explored with surgeons through focus groups. Qualitative information was analyzed manually and by artificial intelligence, and reported into main themes. Results. 400 residents participated in the study. Burnout rates were 24.8% before and 15.8% after (p=0.032). The structural equations analysis confirmed that emotional exhaustion over professional burnout was lower in 2022 (p=0.022). No significant changes in work commitment were identified. The main explanation was attributed to the economic benefits of the law. Conclusion. The burnout rate in Colombian surgical residents was significantly reduced after the implementation of the "residents' law". These findings have implications for practice and improving the quality of education
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Humanos , Esgotamento Profissional , Legislação , Internato e Residência , Cirurgia Geral , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina , Engajamento no TrabalhoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Few studies have focused on medical students and residents' mental health impact on medical residency selection (MRS) performance. The authors evaluated the association of performance in MRS with depressive and anxiety symptoms and with a reported psychiatric diagnosis (rPD). METHODS: The authors enrolled candidates after the second round of MRS examinations at a Brazilian Medical School. Performance was assessed by final grade. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The authors performed mediation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis to investigate the impact of rPD, state and trait anxiety, and depressive symptom severity on performance. RESULTS: 515 of the 643 MRS candidates (80.1%) participated in the study. Higher age, attending a preparatory course for MRS, rPD, and the number of MRS applications that year were associated with poorer performance. In mediation analysis, trait anxiety was associated with a direct effect on performance and an indirect effect mediated by rPD. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that psychiatric diagnosis is associated with poorer performance on MRS, regardless of current symptoms of anxiety and depression. Additionally, increased levels of trait anxiety may negatively impact performance, directly and indirectly.
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INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the learning curves of peribulbar anesthesia and estimate the number of blocks needed to attain proficiency. METHODS: Anonymized records of sequential peribulbar blocks performed by first-year anesthesia residents were analyzed. The block sequential number and the outcomes were extracted from each record. Success was defined as a complete sensory and motor block of the eye, and failure was defined as an incomplete block requiring supplemental local anesthetic injections or general anesthesia. Learning curves using the LC-CUSUM method were constructed, aiming for acceptable and unacceptable failure rates of 10% and 20%, and 10% probability of type I and II errors. Simulations were used to determine the proficiency limit h0. Residents whose curves reached h0 were considered proficient. The Sequential Probability Ratio Test Cumulative Sum Method (SPRT-CUSUM) was used for follow-up. RESULTS: Thirty-nine residents performed 2076 blocks (median = 52 blocks per resident; Interquartile Range (IQR) [range] = 27-78 [4-132]). Thirty residents (77%) achieved proficiency after a median of 13 blocks (13-24 [13-24]). CONCLUSIONS: The LC-CUSUM is a robust method for detecting resident proficiency at peribulbar anesthesia, defined as success rates exceeding 90%. Accordingly, 13 to 24 supervised double-injection peribulbar blocks are needed to attain competence at peribulbar anesthesia.
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Anestesiologia , Internato e Residência , Humanos , Curva de Aprendizado , Competência Clínica , Anestesiologia/educação , Anestesia LocalRESUMO
Introduction. Respiratory failure is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in pediatrics. Recognizing and managing it adequately is critical. Simulation is used to improve medical skills. The objective of this study was to establish the proportion of pediatric residents who recognized a respiratory arrest in a child at a simulation center. Methods. This was an observational study in 77 residents. A simulation of a patient with respiratory distress that progressed to respiratory arrest was used. Results. Among the 77 participants, 48 recognized respiratory arrest (62.3%). The mean time to recognize respiratory arrest was 38.16 seconds. Conclusion. Respiratory arrest was recognized by 62.3% of participants. Among those who did so, the average time was 38.16 seconds. Severe failures were noted in some of the expected interventions.
Introducción. La insuficiencia respiratoria es la causa más común de paro cardíaco en pediatría; su reconocimiento y el manejo adecuado son cruciales. La simulación se utiliza para mejorar las habilidades médicas. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la proporción de residentes de pediatría que reconocieron un paro respiratorio (PR) pediátrico en un centro de simulación. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional con 77 médicos residentes. Se utilizó un caso simulado de un paciente con dificultad respiratoria que progresa a PR. Resultados. De los 77 participantes, 48 reconocieron el paro respiratorio (62,3 %). El tiempo medio para reconocer el PR fue de 38,16 segundos. Conclusión. El 62,3 % de los participantes logró reconocer el paro respiratorio. Entre aquellos que lo identificaron, el tiempo promedio fue de 38,16 segundos. Se observaron graves deficiencias en algunas de las intervenciones esperadas.
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Parada Cardíaca , Internato e Residência , Insuficiência Respiratória , Humanos , Criança , Competência Clínica , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Manuseio das Vias Aéreas , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapiaRESUMO
Objetivo: analisar conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de residentes sobre Cuidados Paliativos. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, avaliativo do tipo Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática, desenvolvido em um hospital universitário da região Sul do Brasil. Participaram 49 residentes vinculados ao Programa de Residência Integrada Multiprofissional em Saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio do Google Forms. As análises foram realizadas no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v.25. Com nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: A maioria afirmou não ter recebido informação suficiente sobre Cuidados Paliativos na graduação, 53,1% não sabem identificar pacientes candidatos a abordagem. Os aspectos conceituais são reconhecidos pelos residentes, no entanto, o uso de escalas, suspensão ou não de procedimentos e o uso de opióides geraram respostas diversas. O domínio Atitude foi significativo entre as categorias profissionais (P=0,008). Conclusão: Embora os participantes tenham mostrado compreensão sobre a temática, foram evidenciadas fragilidades, especialmente nos domínios atitude e prática
Objective: to analyze knowledge, attitudes and practices of multiprofessional residents related to the palliative care assistance. Method: a quantitative study, transversal, evaluative of the type Knowledge, Attitude and Practice, developed in a university hospital from the South of Brazil. 49 residents vinculated to the Multiprofessional Integrated Healthcare Residency Program participated. Data collection was made through Google Forms. The analyses were graphically represented and made with IBM SPSS Statistics v.25 software. Level of significance adopted was 0.05. Results: young group, with little professional experience, mainly women. The majority affirmed they haven't received sufficient information about palliative care and pain in graduation, 53,1% didn't knew how to identify patients candidates to palliative care. The conceptual aspects of palliative care are recognized by the residents. Nevertheless, the use of scales in palliative care, whether or not to suspend procedures and/or feeding and the use of opiates generated less cohesive answers between members of the group. Only the distribution of the Attitude domain was significant between the professional categories (P=0,008). Conclusion: participants have demonstrated comprehension about the thematic, even then, fragilities were evidenciated, especially in the Attitude and Practice domains. Palliative care should be a focus of study in the healthcare permanent education, as well as in the multiprofessional residency programs
Objetivos:analizar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los residentes sobre la asistencia en cuidados paliativos. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, evaluativo del tipo Conocimiento, Actitud y Práctica, desarrollado en un hospital universitario de la región sur de Brasil. En el estudio participaron 49 residentes vinculados al Programa Integrado de Salud Multiprofesional La recogida de datos se realizó a través de Google Forms. Los análisis se realizaron utilizando el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v.25. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue de 0,05. Resultados: La mayoría dijo no haber recibido suficiente información sobre Cuidados Paliativos y manejo del dolor al graduarse, el 53,1% no sabe cómo identificar a los pacientes candidatos al abordaje. Los aspectos conceptuales del tema son reconocidos por los residentes, sin embargo, el uso de balanzas, suspensión o no de procedimientos y / o alimentos y el uso de opioides han generado respuestas diferentes. El dominio Actitud fue significativo entre las categorías profesionales (P = 0,008). Conclusión: Aunque los participantes mostraron comprensión sobre el tema, se evidenciaron debilidades, especialmente en los dominios de actitud y práctica
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cuidados Paliativos , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hospitais de Ensino , Internato e ResidênciaRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to assess the learning curves of peribulbar anesthesia and estimate the number of blocks needed to attain proficiency. Methods: Anonymized records of sequential peribulbar blocks performed by first-year anesthesia residents were analyzed. The block sequential number and the outcomes were extracted from each record. Success was defined as a complete sensory and motor block of the eye, and failure was defined as an incomplete block requiring supplemental local anesthetic injections or general anesthesia. Learning curves using the LC-CUSUM method were constructed, aiming for acceptable and unacceptable failure rates of 10% and 20%, and 10% probability of type I and II errors. Simulations were used to determine the proficiency limit h0. Residents whose curves reached h0 were considered proficient. The Sequential Probability Ratio Test Cumulative Sum Method (SPRT-CUSUM) was used for follow-up. Results: Thirty-nine residents performed 2076 blocks (median = 52 blocks per resident; Interquartile Range (IQR) [range] = 27-78 [4-132]). Thirty residents (77%) achieved proficiency after a median of 13 blocks (13-24 [13-24]). Conclusions: The LC-CUSUM is a robust method for detecting resident proficiency at peribulbar anesthesia, defined as success rates exceeding 90%. Accordingly, 13 to 24 supervised double-injection peribulbar blocks are needed to attain competence at peribulbar anesthesia.
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Fundamento: los proyectos de tesis de los residentes representan una de las actividades fundamentales en su desarrollo científico. Objetivo: describir las principales dificultades encontradas en los proyectos de investigación de los residentes de Estomatología General Integral. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Sagua la Grande en el periodo 2014-2022. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos para la fundamentación de la investigación y recogida de información. Se confeccionó un modelo para la recogida de datos extraídos de los proyectos, y se elaboró una base de datos para su almacenamiento. Resultados: las principales dificultades constatadas fueron: no sustentar adecuadamente la investigación, dificultades en la redacción del problema científico, específicamente en la relación entre el problema y el tipo de investigación, la conceptualización y/o operacionalización de las variables, la selección y elaboración de los métodos, técnicas e instrumentos para la recogida de la información y la acotación de la bibliografía por normas de Vancouver. Conclusiones: se constataron las principales dificultades en los proyectos de investigación de los residentes de Estomatología General Integral por la necesidad de que desarrollen habilidades investigativas desde el primer año de formación, para un mejor desempeño profesional, a partir de la aplicación del método científico en la solución de los problemas de salud bucal que se presenten en su quehacer diario.
Background: residents' thesis projects represent one of the fundamental activities in their scientific development. Objective: to describe the main difficulties found in the research projects of Comprehensive General dentistry residents. Methods: a retrospective descriptive observational study was carried out at Sagua la Grande Faculty of Medical Sciences from 2014 to 2022. Theoretical and empirical methods were used to support the research and collect information. A model was created for data collection extracted from the projects, and a database was created for its storage. Results: the main difficulties found were: not adequately supporting the research, difficulties in writing the scientific problem, specifically in the relationship between the problem and the type of research, the conceptualization and/or operationalization of the variables, the selection and preparation of the methods, techniques and instruments for collecting information and delimiting the bibliography according to Vancouver standards. Conclusions: the main difficulties were confirmed in the research projects of the residents of Comprehensive General Dentistry due to the need for them to develop research skills from the first year of training, for better professional performance, based on the application of the scientific method in the solution to oral health problems that arise in everyday life.
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Fundamento: los resultados de estudios y la práctica cotidiana han demostrado la necesidad de incluir en la formación académica de los residentes en Anestesiología y Reanimación, la proyección de soluciones a problemáticas relacionadas con la educación ciudadana en el cuarto nivel de la enseñanza. Objetivo: diseñar un sistema didáctico de educación ciudadana en la formación académica de los residentes en Anestesiología y Reanimación. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo, entre septiembre 2021-enero 2023, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara y la Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico, enfoque de sistema y la modelación; y empíricos: revisión documental, encuestas a residentes, entrevista en profundidad a directivos con experiencia en la formación académica en educación ciudadana, y el criterio de especialistas. Se emplearon procesamientos matemáticos, tablas y gráficos. Resultados: se diseñó un sistema didáctico de educación ciudadana para la formación académica de los residentes en Anestesiología y Reanimación que ofreció una nueva visión a su formación académica al proponer, desde la semipresencialidad y el empleo de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, diferentes formas de organizar la superación en el cuarto nivel de la enseñanza. Conclusiones: el sistema diseñado fue valorado como adecuado para su aplicación por los especialistas, los que tuvieron en cuenta su actualidad, originalidad, pertinencia, coherencia y valor científico; además realizaron sugerencias para su perfeccionamiento.
Background: the results of studies and daily practice have demonstrated the need to include in the academic training of residents in Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, the projection of solutions to problems related to citizen education at the fourth level of education. Objective: to design a didactic system of citizen education in the academic training of residents in Anesthesiology and Resuscitation. Methods: a development investigation was carried out, from September 2021 to January 2023, at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences and "Marta Abreu" Central University of Las Villas. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, historical-logical, system approach and modeling; and empirical ones: documentary review, surveys of residents, in-depth interviews with managers with experience in academic training in citizenship education, and the specialists´criteria. Mathematical processing, tables and graphs were used. Results: a didactic system of citizen education was designed for the academic training of residents in Anesthesiology and Resuscitation that offered a new vision to their academic training by proposing, from semi-presentiality and the use of information and communication technologies, different ways to organize improvement at the fourth level of education. Conclusions: the designed system was assessed as appropriate for its application by the specialists, who took into account its updating, originality, relevance, coherence and scientific value; They also made suggestions for its improvement.
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Resumo Introdução: O Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) é um instrumento validado e confiável para avaliar o ambiente educacional nos programas de residência médica. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos mapear a aplicação do questionário PHEEM na residência médica e avaliar os resultados, os aspectos positivos e negativos e os pontos passíveis de melhoria. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo de acordo com a metodologia do Instituto Joanna Briggs de revisões de escopo. Foram incluídos estudos seguindo a estrutura PCC: P (participantes) = médicos residentes de qualquer especialidade; C (conceito) = o PHEEM é um instrumento utilizado para avaliar o ambiente educacional na residência médica, por meio de um questionário de 40 itens divididos em três subescalas que incluem percepção de autonomia, ensino e suporte social; C (cenário) = pesquisas sobre o PHEEM na residência médica de qualquer especialidade. As bases eletrônicas pesquisadas foram: PubMed, Embase e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Resultado: As estratégias de busca rodadas resultaram em 1.588 estudos, 50 foram lidos na íntegra, e incluíram-se 36. Os estudos foram realizados em 22 países, e a maioria revelou um ambiente educacional mais positivo que negativo, entretanto com espaço para melhorias. Nas subescalas, a percepção de autonomia se mostrou mais positiva que negativa, e a percepção de ensino revelou que a maioria dos programas está caminhando na direção certa. Entretanto, na avaliação do suporte social, os resultados foram divididos entre um ambiente não agradável e um ambiente com mais prós do que contras. Os principais pontos positivos destacados foram baixa discriminação racial e sexual, possibilidade de trabalhar em equipe, nível adequado de responsabilidades, professores acessíveis e com boas habilidades de ensino, oportunidades de aprendizado e participação em eventos educacionais. Os principais pontos negativos foram falta de alimentação e acomodação adequadas durante o plantão, carga horária excessiva, falta de feedback por parte dos preceptores, falta de tempo protegido para estudo e cultura de culpar o residente. Conclusão: A aplicação do PHEEM revelou que, na maioria dos programas de residência médica, o ambiente educacional se mostrou mais positivo que negativo, entretanto com espaço para melhorias. São necessários esforços para a melhoria do ambiente educacional, especialmente do suporte social, nos programas de residência médica.
Abstract Introduction: The PHEEM (postgraduate hospital educational environment measure) is a validated and reliable instrument to assess the educational environment in medical residency programs. Objective: To map the application of the PHEEM questionnaire in medical residency, evaluate the results found, positive and negative aspects and points for improvement. Method: We performed a scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs institution's methodology. Studies that followed the PCC structure were included, as follows: P (participants) = resident physicians of any specialty; C (concept) = The PHEEM is an instrument used to assess the educational environment in medical residency, through a 40-item questionnaire divided into 3 subscales that include perception of autonomy, teaching and social support. C (context)= studies on PHEEM in medical residency of any specialty. PubMed, EMBASE and the Virtual Health Library databases were the data sources. Results: We identified 1588 references, and after reading the title and abstract, 50 references were selected for full reading, and 36 studies were included. The studies were carried out in 22 countries, and most revealed a more positive than negative educational environment, albeit with room for improvement. In the subscales, the perception of autonomy was more positive than negative, and the perception of teaching revealed that most programs are moving in the right direction. However, when evaluating social support, the results were divided between an unpleasant environment and an environment with more pros than cons. The main highlighted positive points were low racial and sexual discrimination, possibility of working in a team, adequate level of responsibilities, accessible teachers with good teaching skills, learning opportunities and participation in educational events. The main negative points were lack of adequate food and accommodation during the shifts, excessive workload, lack of feedback from preceptors and lack of protected time for study and the culture of blaming the resident. Conclusion: The application of PHEEM revealed that in most medical residency programs the educational environment was more positive than negative, albeit with room for improvement. Efforts are needed to improve the educational environment, especially social support, in medical residency programs.
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Resumo Introdução: Muito se discute sobre a formação de profissionais de saúde preparados para atender às reais necessidades da população no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde como preconizado pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, almejando o cuidado integral. A Atenção Básica se destaca como importante cenário de prática nesse contexto, inclusive no internato, considerando a autonomia e o domínio dessa fase. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as percepções dos egressos de um curso médico em relação ao internato em pediatria na Atenção Básica. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida por meio de entrevistas on-line com egressos de Medicina, formados em uma instituição de ensino superior pública do interior paulista nos anos de 2018 e 2019. Os dados foram examinados por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. Resultado: Entrevistaram-se 11 egressos de 2018 e 15 egressos de 2019, com atuações profissionais diversas desde a finalização do curso. A categoria explorada neste artigo será "Oportunidade de aprendizagem durante a Atenção Básica em pediatria". Vivenciar a Atenção Básica em pediatria oportunizou aprendizados diversos quanto ao cuidado integral da criança, compreendendo a importância de seu contexto e e de suas repercussões. Conclusão: Conhecer sobre a Rede de Atenção à Saúde desde o início do curso possibilitou entender as dificuldades vivenciadas nela e o impacto no cuidado. As situações mais prevalentes e de baixa complexidade são a realidade do egresso na atuação profissional e precisam ser abordadas durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem do internato, favorecendo a atuação dele.
Abstract Introduction: Much is discussed about the training of health professionals prepared to meet the real needs of the population in the context of the Health Care System as recommended by the National Curriculum Guidelines, aiming at comprehensive care. Primary Care stands out as an important practice scenario in this context, including the internship, considering the autonomy of this phase. Objective: To analyze the perceptions of graduates of a medical course in relation to the pediatric internship in Primary Care. Method: Descriptive, exploratory research with a qualitative approach, developed through online interviews with medical graduates, graduated from a public higher education institution in the interior of São Paulo in 2018 and 2019. The data was analyzed using content analysis. Results and discussion: Eleven 2018 graduates and 15 2019 graduates were interviewed, with different professional activities since the end of the course. The category explored in this article will be "Learning opportunity during Primary Care in Pediatrics." Experiencing Primary Care in Pediatrics provided different learning opportunities regarding the comprehensive care of the child, understanding the importance of its context and repercussions. Final Considerations: Knowing about the Health Care Network since the beginning of the course allowed students to understand the difficulties experienced in this network and the impact on care. The most prevalent and low-complexity situations are the reality of graduates in professional practice and need to be addressed during the teaching-learning process of the internship, favoring their performance.
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Resumo Introdução: A residência médica é o padrão ouro para formação em medicina de família e comunidade. Na última década houve aumento substancial de vagas sem a avaliação da qualidade dos programas. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos observar e qualificar a percepção dos preceptores da residência nessa área. Método: Aplicou-se um questionário qualiquantitativo no estado de São Paulo, com análise estatística descritiva e elaboração da matriz FOFA associada à tríade de Donabedian a partir da análise de conteúdo dos entrevistados. Resultado: A amostra foi de 64 preceptores em 27 programas, com mediana de idade de 37 anos e composta de 52% de mulheres. A distribuição mais prevalente é de dois residentes por preceptor, e 67% atuam também com a graduação. Da amostra, 56,7% possuem residência médica e 13,4% são titulados, além de 82% com cursos em preceptoria. A análise qualitativa aponta a formação em preceptoria e o aumento de especialistas como pontos relevantes, mas ainda há a dificuldade com a organização dos serviços e o baixo apoio da gestão municipal. Conclusão: Embora haja preceptores com formação adequada, ainda é necessário seu incremento ante o aumento do número de vagas desproporcional à capacidade instalada. Melhoria das condições estruturais e maior apoio dos municípios serão necessários de acordo com a percepção dos preceptores em medicina de família e comunidade.
Abstract Introduction: Medical residency is the gold standard for training in Family and Community Medicine. In the last decade there has been a significant increase in vacancies without evaluating quality of the programs. Objective: To observe and qualify the perception of the residency preceptors in this area. Methodology: Application of a quali-quantitative questionnaire in the state of São Paulo, with descriptive statistical analysis and use of the SWOT matrix associated with the Donabedian Triad based on Content Analysis of the interviewees. Results: The sample consisted of 64 preceptors in 27 programs, with a median age of 37 years, consisting of 52% women. The most prevalent distribution is 2 residents per preceptor and 67% also work with undergraduate students. Of the sample, 56.7% have medical residency and 13.4% have degrees, in addition to 82% courses in preceptorship. The qualitative analysis indicates training in preceptorship and the increase in specialists as relevant points, but there is still difficulty with the organization of services and low support from municipal management. Conclusion: Although there are preceptors with adequate training, it is still necessary to increase their number considering the disproportionate increase in the number of vacancies to the installed capacity. Improvement of structural conditions and greater support from municipalities will be necessary, according to the perception of preceptors in family and community medicine.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine and analyze the usability metrics of a free mobile learning app for ophthalmology in Brazil. Methods: Metric data from the management dashboard of the CBOQUIZ app were used. All users registered on the platform between March 2019 and June 30, 2021 were included. The number of questions answered, number of correct answers, number of questions answered and correct answers by subject area, and user performance by geographic region were analyzed. Results: There were 458 active users during the research period and 107,245 questions answered (average, 234.16 questions per user). Of the questions answered, 81,600 (75.5%) were correct and 2,645 were incorrect. The states in Brazil with the best performance were Espírito Santo, Paraiba, and Paraná. The subject area with the lowest hit rate was basic sciences (69.1%), within which embryology demonstrated the lowest hit rate (58.28%). The posterior segment had the highest number of questions answered, followed by miscellaneous topics and the anterior segment. Questions on strabismus were the least answered. Conclusion: The app was used consistently throughout the period studied, and participants adhered to this teaching modality. Performance asymmetry was observed across the Brazil states. The CBOQUIZ app can be used to homogenize ophthalmology teaching in the country.
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RESUMO Introdução: A medicina de família e comunidade (MFC) é a especialidade preferencial para estar presente na atenção primária à saúde (APS). O padrão ouro de formação de profissionais para a especialidade é a residência médica, momento que ao menos 70% do período de estágio é na APS. Assim, é imprescindível avaliar a qualidade de inserção da residência nesse local. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de implementação dos programas de residência médica em MFC na APS. Método: Utilizou-se uma ferramenta desenvolvida para a análise de implementação de residência de MFC na APS em programas pequenos (até dois residentes do segundo ano), médios (de dois a cinco) e grandes (a partir de seis), avaliando de zero a quatro pontos, entre não implantado e totalmente implantado. As notas foram obtidas a partir de entrevista com residentes, preceptores, coordenadores e gestores municipais, considerando a avaliação de quarta geração com análise de Bardin das falas. Resultado: Seis programas foram avaliados, em municípios de 20 mil a 12 milhões de habitantes, com variação de um a 22 residentes do segundo ano por programa, desde insatisfatório (um programa) a totalmente implantado (dois programas). Municípios com maior cobertura de APS apresentaram resultados de implementação melhores. As notas mais baixas foram nos itens "educação permanente" e "educação continuada", e as mais altas na presença de especialistas em MFC como preceptores. Há diferença de percepção entre os entrevistados considerando as mesmas perguntas. O estudo sugere que municípios com maior investimento na APS também possuem melhores programas de residência, independentemente de o vínculo ser com centros educacionais ou secretarias de saúde. A pandemia de Sars-CoV-2 também dificultou a educação em saúde. Os resultados também foram definidores quando entrevistadas diferentes pessoas, demonstrando ser essencial a análise de quarta geração. Conclusão: Há a necessidade de observar a implementação dos programas de residência na APS para garantir formação de qualidade, e não apenas quantidade para provimento.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Family and community medicine (FCM) is the preferred specialty to be found in primary health care (PHC). The best form of training professionals for the specialty is medical residency, when at least 70% of the internship period is spent at this local. Thus, it is necessary evaluate the insertion quality of the residency in the PHC. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of implementation of medical residency programs in FCM in PHC. Method: Use of a tool developed to analyze the implementation of FCM residency in PHC in small (up to two second-year residents), medium (two to five) and large (from six) programs, evaluating from zero to four points, from unimplemented to fully implemented. The grades were based on interviews with residents, preceptors, coordinators, and municipal managers, considering the fourth-generation assessment with Bardin's analysis of the speeches. Results: Six programs were evaluated, in municipalities with 20,000 to 12 million inhabitants, ranging from one to 22 second-year residents per program, ranging from unsatisfactory (one program) to fully implemented (two programs). Municipalities with greater PHC coverage showed better implementation results. The lowest scores were in the items "permanent education" and "continuing education" and the highest in the presence of FCM specialists as preceptors. There is a difference in perception between the interviewees considering the same questions. The study suggests that municipalities with greater investment in PHC also have better residency programs, regardless of whether they are linked to educational centers or health secretariats. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has also hindered health education. The results were also defined when different people were interviewed, demonstrating that the fourth-generation analysis is essential. Conclusion: It is necessary to observe the implementation of residency programs in PHC to ensure quality training, and not just quantity to provide care.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cataract surgery by residents who had mandatory surgical simulator training during residency. Methods: In this retrospective, observational analytical study, the total number of cataract surgeries and surgical complications by all senior residents of 2019 (2019 class; prepandemic) and 2020 (2020 class; affected by the reduced number of elective surgeries due to the COVID-19 pandemic) were collected and compared. All residents had routine mandatory cataract surgery training on a virtual surgical simulator during residency. The total score obtained by these residents on cataract challenges of the surgical simulator was also evaluated. Results: The 2020 and 2019 classes performed 1275 and 2561 cataract surgeries, respectively. This revealed a reduction of 50.2% in the total number of procedures performed by the 2020 class because of the pandemic. The incidence of surgical complications was not statistically different between the two groups (4.2% in the 2019 class and 4.9% in the 2020 class; p=0.314). Both groups also did not differ in their mean scores on the simulator's cataract challenges (p<0.696). Conclusion: Despite the reduction of 50.2% in the total number of cataract surgeries performed by senior residents of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of surgical complications did not increase. This suggests that surgical simulator training during residency mitigated the negative effects of the reduced surgical volume during the pandemic.