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OBJECTIVE: To clinically and laboratory characterize patients with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) treated at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Goiás (HC-UFG). METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out collecting data from medical records of patients with a positive DAT who were treated at HC-UFG between August 2021 and August 2022. RESULTS: Eighty-four patients with positive polyspecific DAT results were screened in the clinical laboratory. Fifty-four patients had a laboratory profile compatible with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), however, among these, 16 patients already had a diagnosis of AIHA in their medical records. The most common symptoms present among AIHA patients were pallor, asthenia, fatigue and dyspnea. For the remaining patients, the most common symptoms were severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, renal dysfunction, fever, myalgia, headache, thrombosis, asthenia, hematuria and joint pain. Only one patient had primary AIHA, that is, he had no evident underlying disease. The majority of AIHA patients (75 %) underwent corticosteroid therapy with 60 % having a positive response. For patients without AIHA, prednisone was the most frequently prescribed medication in 17 (25 %) patients, followed by hydroxychloroquine (14 patients - 20.1 %). CONCLUSION: It is essential to evaluate patients with positive DAT in detail in order to understand the real clinical case. The DAT serological result alone does not arrive at a conclusive diagnosis of AIHA, and so it must be evaluated in conjunction with both clinical data and other laboratory tests, such as hemoglobin concentration and hemolysis tests (reticulocytes, lactate dehydrogenase and/or haptoglobin).
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BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) group systems are depicted by antigens on the surface of RBCs, which when transfused to a recipient that lacks them, can result in alloimmunization. Thus, transfusion of matched RBC components to the recipient is recommended, especially for the more immunogenic blood group antigens, such as Rh (E, e, C, and c), Kell, Kidd, Duffy, and MNS. AIMS: The aim of this study was to perform the blood group genotyping from blood samples of 12 polytransfused patients whose phenotyping was inconclusive or incomplete. METHODS: The amplicons were amplified by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers for the following alleles: RHCE (RHCE * C, RHCE * c, RHCE * E, and RHCE * e), KEL (KEL * 01 and KEL * 02), FY (FY * 01 and FY * 02), and KID (JK * 01 and JK * 02), in addition to the GATA1-mutated gene (FY * 02N.01). RESULTS: Discrepancies were found in the Rh (E) and Kidd systems, in addition to cases of Fyb antigen silencing attributed to the GATA mutation, which was present in all individuals with Fy (a-b-) phenotype. The technique also solved the inconclusive phenotyping caused by mixed-field agglutination. CONCLUSION: The results show the contribution of blood group genotyping in complex immunohematology cases, optimizing the delivery of RBC components suitable for transfusion safety, and expanding the number of compatible donors for patients with the Fy (a-b) phenotype related to the FY (02N.01) allele.
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BACKGROUND: Blood transfusions usually result in the production of alloantibodies, complicating subsequent transfusions. Many blood group systems, in addition to ABO and Rh, can lead to the production of irregular antibodies in multiple transfused patients. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to standardize a molecular biology methodology for identified some alleles of KEL, FY, JK and DI blood group system; the transfusion efficacy of chronically transfused patients with phenotype-matched blood was also evaluated. METHODS: A PCR-SSP was developed and validated using Sanger sequencing. The genotype and frequencies of 141 multiple transfused patients treated at blood banks of Maringá were compared with the blood donor's population to assess the availability of compatible blood bags. The clinical history of 29 patients on a phenotype-compatible transfusion regimen was followed to assess pre- and post-genotyping alloimmunization. RESULTS: The PCR-SSP was effective in identifying the genotypes under study. Significant differences were observed in genotype and allele frequencies for FY and JK. Compatible bags were identified for all patients. Most patients (93.1%) did not develop new alloantibodies after erythrocyte genotyping. CONCLUSION: Erythrocyte genotyping proved to be important both in the search for positive blood bags for rare alleles and in the prevention of alloimmunization.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Erythrocyte phenotyping is a very important test in the adoption of prophylactic measures to reduce transfusion reactions/alloimmunizations in polytransfused patients. The blood group Diego, in its current, form has 22 antigens, of which 4 are immunogenic, being Dia/Dib and Wra/Wrb, while the others are less expressive. The antigen Dia is of low incidence among whites and blacks, however, it is common in the South American indigenous and Asian Mongolian populations. It is also considered a system of clinical importance for its immunogenicity. Method: The present study aimed to carry out a retrospective and descriptive survey of the frequency of the Dia antigen in the blood donor population at the HEMOPA Foundation Coordinating Blood Center from 12/2018 to 1/2000. The data obtained were from the HEMOPA Foundation SBS Progress and SBS WEB Systems databases. Results: During this period, 941,744 blood bags were collected and, of these, 930 bags were phenotyped for the Dia antigen, of which 842 were negative and 88 (9.7%) positive. The research showed that, among the positive donors for the antigen Dia, 88.6% were brown, 3.4%, black and 8%, white. In the statistical analysis, the frequency observed was higher in browns. Conclusion: In the present investigation, we concluded that our region has a relatively higher frequency of the Dia antigen, when compared to the rest of Brazil, and it occurs more often in browns.
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Reação Transfusional , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Serviço de HemoterapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Erythrocyte phenotyping is a very important test in the adoption of prophylactic measures to reduce transfusion reactions/alloimmunizations in polytransfused patients. The blood group Diego, in its current, form has 22 antigens, of which 4 are immunogenic, being Diª/Dib and Wra/Wrb, while the others are less expressive. The antigen Diª is of low incidence among whites and blacks, however, it is common in the South American indigenous and Asian Mongolian populations. It is also considered a system of clinical importance for its immunogenicity. METHOD: The present study aimed to carry out a retrospective and descriptive survey of the frequency of the Diª antigen in the blood donor population at the HEMOPA Foundation Coordinating Blood Center from 12/2018 to 1/2000. The data obtained were from the HEMOPA Foundation SBS Progress and SBS WEB Systems databases. RESULTS: During this period, 941,744 blood bags were collected and, of these, 930 bags were phenotyped for the Diª antigen, of which 842 were negative and 88 (9.7%) positive. The research showed that, among the positive donors for the antigen Diª, 88.6% were brown, 3.4%, black and 8%, white. In the statistical analysis, the frequency observed was higher in browns. CONCLUSION: In the present investigation, we concluded that our region has a relatively higher frequency of the Diª antigen, when compared to the rest of Brazil, and it occurs more often in browns.
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Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Humanos , Masculino , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Peru , Mutação PuntualRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Genetic variants in the SLC14A1, ACKR1, and KEL genes, which encode Kidd, Duffy, and Kell red blood cell antigens, respectively, may result in weakened expression of antigens or a null phenotype. These variants are of particular interest to individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), who frequently undergo chronic transfusion therapy with antigen-matched units. The goal was to describe the diversity and the frequency of variants in SLC14A1, ACKR1, and KEL genes among individuals with SCD using whole genome sequencing (WGS) data. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Two large SCD cohorts were studied: the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study III (REDS-III) (n = 2634) and the Outcome Modifying Gene in SCD (OMG) (n = 640). Most of the studied individuals were of mixed origin. WGS was performed as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. RESULTS: In SLC14A1, variants included four encoding a weak Jka phenotype and five null alleles (JKnull ). JKA*01N.09 was the most common JKnull . One possible JKnull mutation was novel: c.812G>T. In ACKR1, identified variants included two that predicted Fyx (FY*X) and one corresponding to the c.-67T>C GATA mutation. The c.-67T>C mutation was associated with FY*A (FY*01N.01) in four participants. FY*X was identified in 49 individuals. In KEL, identified variants included three null alleles (KEL*02N.17, KEL*02N.26, and KEL*02N.04) and one allele predicting Kmod phenotype, all in heterozygosity. CONCLUSIONS: We described the diversity and distribution of SLC14A1, ACKR1, and KEL variants in two large SCD cohorts, comprising mostly individuals of mixed ancestry. This information may be useful for planning the transfusion support of patients with SCD.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/genética , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Duffy/genética , Variação Genética , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo de Kell/genética , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Kidd/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Metaloendopeptidases/genética , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Alelos , Anemia Falciforme/etnologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Etnicidade/genética , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Humanos , Mutação INDEL , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.) , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Grupos Raciais/genética , Estados Unidos , Transportadores de UreiaRESUMO
Objetivou-se identificar a frequência do grupo sanguíneo DEA 1.1 em cães de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil, para auxiliar a seleção de doadores e receptores de sangue compatíveis e, adicionalmente, avaliar o risco de reações transfusionais em cães sensibilizados. Além disso, a partir dos resultados obtidos, selecionar potenciais doadores de sangue para compor um banco de dados. Um total de 195 cães adultos (de 1 a 4 anos de idade), machos e fêmeas, mestiços e puros, que nunca haviam recebido transfusões de sangue, foram triados no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Mato Grosso. A tipagem sanguínea DEA 1.1 foi realizada utilizando-se ensaio imunocromatográfico comercialmente disponível para DEA 1.1 (Quick Test DEA 1.1, Alvedia, Lyon, França). Os resultados demonstraram uma frequência geral de 65% para cães DEA 1.1 positivos (n = 126) e 35% para cães DEA 1 negativos (n = 69). O risco geral de sensibilização de cães DEA 1 negativos após uma primeira transfusão com sangue DEA 1.1 positivo foi calculado em 23%, enquanto o risco deste receptor sensibilizado receber sangue DEA 1.1 positivo em uma segunda transfusão e desenvolver uma reação hemolítica aguda foi calculado em 5%. A tipagem sanguínea dos cães permitiu sua inserção como doadores de sangue tipados para o grupo DEA 1 em um banco de dados preliminar e garantiu a segurança das transfusões de sangue.
The goal of this research was to identify the frequency of the DEA 1.1 blood group in dogs from Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil, to help in the recruitment of compatible blood donors and recipients, and to assess the risk of transfusion reactions in previously sensitized dogs. Also, from the obtained results, to pick potential blood donors to compose a data bank. 195 adult dogs (1 to 4 years old), males and females, mongrel and purebred dogs were screened at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Mato Grosso. The DEA 1.1 blood typing was performed using commercially available immunochromatographic strip for DEA 1.1 (Quick Test DEA 1.1, Alvedia, Lyon, France). The results showed a general frequency of 65% for DEA 1.1 positive dogs (n = 126) and 35% for DEA 1 negative dogs (n = 69). The general risk of sensitization of a DEA 1 negative dog following a first transfusion with DEA 1.1 positive blood was 23%, while the risk of this sensitized recipient to receive DEA 1.1 positive blood in a second transfusion and to develop an acute hemolytic reaction was calculated to be 5%. The blood typing of the dogs allowed their classification as DEA 1 typed blood donors, in a preliminary data bank, and also ensured the safety of blood transfusions.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/análise , Cães/sangue , Reação Transfusional/veterináriaRESUMO
The goal of this research was to identify the frequency of the DEA 1.1 blood group in dogs from Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil, to help in the recruitment of compatible blood donors and recipients, and to assess the risk of transfusion reactions in previously sensitized dogs. Also, from the obtained results, to pick potential blood donors to compose a data bank. 195 adult dogs (1 to 4 years old), males and females, mongrel and purebred dogs were screened at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Mato Grosso. The DEA 1.1 blood typing was performed using commercially available immunochromatographic strip for DEA 1.1 (Quick Test DEA 1.1, Alvedia, Lyon, France). The results showed a general frequency of 65% for DEA 1.1 positive dogs (n = 126) and 35% for DEA 1 negative dogs (n = 69). The general risk of sensitization of a DEA 1 negative dog following a first transfusion with DEA 1.1 positive blood was 23%, while the risk of this sensitized recipient to receive DEA 1.1 positive blood in a second transfusion and to develop an acute hemolytic reaction was calculated to be 5%. The blood typing of the dogs allowed their classification as DEA 1 typed blood donors, in a preliminary data bank, and also ensured the safety of blood transfusions.
Objetivou-se identificar a frequência do grupo sanguíneo DEA 1.1 em cães de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil, para auxiliar a seleção de doadores e receptores de sangue compatíveis e, adicionalmente, avaliar o risco de reações transfusionais em cães sensibilizados. Além disso, a partir dos resultados obtidos, selecionar potenciais doadores de sangue para compor um banco de dados. Um total de 195 cães adultos (de 1 a 4 anos de idade), machos e fêmeas, mestiços e puros, que nunca haviam recebido transfusões de sangue, foram triados no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Mato Grosso. A tipagem sanguínea DEA 1.1 foi realizada utilizando-se ensaio imunocromatográfico comercialmente disponível para DEA 1.1 (Quick Test DEA 1.1, Alvedia, Lyon, França). Os resultados demonstraram uma frequência geral de 65% para cães DEA 1.1 positivos (n = 126) e 35% para cães DEA 1 negativos (n = 69). O risco geral de sensibilização de cães DEA 1 negativos após uma primeira transfusão com sangue DEA 1.1 positivo foi calculado em 23%, enquanto o risco deste receptor sensibilizado receber sangue DEA 1.1 positivo em uma segunda transfusão e desenvolver uma reação hemolítica aguda foi calculado em 5%. A tipagem sanguínea dos cães permitiu sua inserção como doadores de sangue tipados para o grupo DEA 1 em um banco de dados preliminar e garantiu a segurança das transfusões de sangue.
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Animais , Cães , Sangue/imunologia , Doadores de Sangue , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/análise , Transfusão de Sangue/veterinária , Tipagem e Reações Cruzadas Sanguíneas/veterinária , Cães/sangue , Reação Transfusional/veterináriaRESUMO
Objetivou-se identificar a frequência do grupo sanguíneo DEA 1.1 em cães de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil, para auxiliar a seleção de doadores e receptores de sangue compatíveis e, adicionalmente, avaliar o risco de reações transfusionais em cães sensibilizados. Além disso, a partir dos resultados obtidos, selecionar potenciais doadores de sangue para compor um banco de dados. Um total de 195 cães adultos (de 1 a 4 anos de idade), machos e fêmeas, mestiços e puros, que nunca haviam recebido transfusões de sangue, foram triados no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Mato Grosso. A tipagem sanguínea DEA 1.1 foi realizada utilizando-se ensaio imunocromatográfico comercialmente disponível para DEA 1.1 (Quick Test DEA 1.1, Alvedia, Lyon, França). Os resultados demonstraram uma frequência geral de 65% para cães DEA 1.1 positivos (n = 126) e 35% para cães DEA 1 negativos (n = 69). O risco geral de sensibilização de cães DEA 1 negativos após uma primeira transfusão com sangue DEA 1.1 positivo foi calculado em 23%, enquanto o risco deste receptor sensibilizado receber sangue DEA 1.1 positivo em uma segunda transfusão e desenvolver uma reação hemolítica aguda foi calculado em 5%. A tipagem sanguínea dos cães permitiu sua inserção como doadores de sangue tipados para o grupo DEA 1 em um banco de dados preliminar e garantiu a segurança das transfusões de sangue.
The goal of this research was to identify the frequency of the DEA 1.1 blood group in dogs from Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil, to help in the recruitment of compatible blood donors and recipients, and to assess the risk of transfusion reactions in previously sensitized dogs. Also, from the obtained results, to pick potential blood donors to compose a data bank. 195 adult dogs (1 to 4 years old), males and females, mongrel and purebred dogs were screened at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Mato Grosso. The DEA 1.1 blood typing was performed using commercially available immunochromatographic strip for DEA 1.1 (Quick Test DEA 1.1, Alvedia, Lyon, France). The results showed a general frequency of 65% for DEA 1.1 positive dogs (n = 126) and 35% for DEA 1 negative dogs (n = 69). The general risk of sensitization of a DEA 1 negative dog following a first transfusion with DEA 1.1 positive blood was 23%, while the risk of this sensitized recipient to receive DEA 1.1 positive blood in a second transfusion and to develop an acute hemolytic reaction was calculated to be 5%. The blood typing of the dogs allowed their classification as DEA 1 typed blood donors, in a preliminary data bank, and also ensured the safety of blood transfusions.(AU)
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Animais , Cães , Cães/sangue , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/análise , Reação Transfusional/veterináriaRESUMO
El desarrollo de la Medicina Transfusional y la Inmunohematología en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología en estas cinco décadas se ha caracterizado por logros relevantes como la introducción de métodos de mayor sensibilidad para optimizar el diagnóstico inmunohematológico, entre ellos los ensayos inmunoenzimáticos, la citometría de flujo y las técnicas de inmovilización de antígenos eritrocitarios y plaquetarios por anticuerpos moclonales específicos (MAIEA y MAIPA, respectivamente); la profundización en el estudio de las citopenias inmunes; la pesquisa de agentes infecciosos en donantes de sangre y pacientes politransfundidos; la producción y distribución de anticuerpos hemoclasificadores poli y monoclonales; la labor de referencia nacional del laboratorio de Inmunohematología; las contribuciones al Programa Nacional de sangre que incluyen la confección y distribución de guías clínicas para el uso de la sangre y de procederes para bancos de sangre y servicios de transfusiones; el desarrollo de métodos de aféresis terapéutica; el desarrollo de investigaciones multicéntricas en Medicina Transfusional; la obtención y procesamiento de células madre hematopoyéticas de médula ósea y sangre periférica para su empleo en trasplantes hematopoyéticos y terapia celular; la formación y actualización de profesionales y técnicos en Medicina Transfusional, tanto en Cuba como en otros países de Latinoamérica y la organización de talleres, eventos e intercambios nacionales e internacionales en estas ramas. Las proyecciones de trabajo se encaminan a introducir técnicas moleculares en Inmunohematología para lograr una mejor caracterización de los anticuerpos contra células sanguíneas, profundizar en el estudio de los anticuerpos contra leucocitos y plaquetas, contribuir al desarrollo de un programa nacional de hemovigilancia, crear un banco de células progenitoras de cordón umbilical para uso terapéutico e iniciar programas de maestrías y doctorados en Medicina Transfusional.
The development of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology at the Institute of Hematology and Immunology in these five decades has been characterized by relevant achievements such as the introduction of more sensitive methods to optimize the immunohematological diagnosis such as immunoenzymatic assays, flow cytometry and techniques of immobilization of erythrocyte and platelet antigens by specific monoclonal antibodies (MAIEA and MAIPA, respectively); deepening the study of immune cytopenias; screening for infectious agents in blood donors and polytransfused patients; the production and distribution of polyclonal and monoclonal hemoclastic antibodies, the national reference work of Immunohematology Laboratory; contributions to the National Blood Program such as the preparation and distribution of clinical guidelines for the use of blood and procedures for blood banks and transfusion services; the development of therapeutic apheresis methods; the development of multicentric investigations in Transfusional Medicine; the procurement and processing of hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood for use in hematopoietic transplantation and cell therapy; the training and updating of professionals and technicians in Transfusion Medicine, both in Cuba and in other countries of Latin America and the organization of workshops, events and national and international exchanges in these branches. The work projections are aimed at introducing molecular techniques in Immunohematology to achieve a better characterization of the antibodies against blood cells, to deep the study of the antibodies against leukocytes and platelets, to contribute to the development of a national haemovigilance program, to create a bank of umbilical cord progenitor cells for therapeutic use and initiate master's and doctoral programs in Transfusion Medicine.
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Humanos , Medicina Transfusional/história , Medicina Transfusional/métodos , HematologiaRESUMO
Alloantibody formation at less than 4 months of age is rare. Most antibodies identified in these patients are maternally derived. Anti-PP1Pk was detected in an 11-week-old infant that was not maternally derived. A multidisciplinary team approach led to appropriate testing, diagnosis, and transfusion management in this critically ill infant.
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Eritrócitos/imunologia , Isoanticorpos/sangue , Transfusão de Sangue , Feminino , Humanos , LactenteRESUMO
A área da hemoterapia necessita de testes de compatibilidade sanguínea confiáveis, como a tipagem sanguínea, para se evitarem possíveis reações transfusionais, mas em felinos é também importante para se evitar a isoeritrólise neonatal. Transfusões sanguíneas realizadas entre felinos doadores e receptores que não possuem compatibilidade sanguínea podem refletir em reação transfusional aguda, particularmente severa quando o sangue tipo A é transfundido em um gato tipo B, pois geralmente este último possui altos níveis de aloanticorpos de ocorrência natural. Portanto, o conhecimento da frequência dos tipos sanguíneos da população de gatos de uma região pode auxiliar na determinação dos riscos de reações transfusionais e de ocorrência de isoeritrólise neonatal. Tais riscos podem ser prevenidos com a tipagem sanguínea em casos de transfusão. Foram coletadas 100 amostras sanguíneas de felinos para a realização da tipagem sanguínea com plasmas reagentes anti-A e anti-B conhecidas e titulações de aloanticorpos anti-A e anti-B dos plasmas armazenados. A distribuição das frequências dos grupos sanguíneos foi 96% de felinos com tipo sanguíneo A e 4% de felinos com tipo sanguíneo B, não sendo encontrado na amostra populacional de felino tipo AB. Há um grande risco de reação adversa através da transfusão sanguínea randomizada entre felinos não tipados previamente(AU)
Hemotherapy requires reliable blood compatibility tests, such as blood typing, to avoid possible transfusion reactions in cats. However, it is also important to avoid neonatal isoerythrolysis. When blood transfusions are performed between incompatible feline donors and recipients, they may develop acute transfusion reactions, especially severe when type A blood is transfused into a type B cat because it has high levels of anti-A alloantibodies. Therefore, knowing on the blood type frequency in feline population of some region can help to determine the transfusion reaction risks and the occurrence of neonatal isoerythrolysis. Addicionally, such risks may be prevented through blood typing, in cases of transfusion. One hundred feline blood samples were collected and anti-A and anti-B blood reagent typing tests were performed, plus titration of alloantibodies of stored plasma. These tests showed a 96% frequency of type A blood and only 4% of type B blood among tested cats. We did not find any AB type blood cat. There is a great risk of adverse reactions after random blood transfusions between non-typed cats(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Isoanticorpos/análise , Isoanticorpos/sangue , Tipagem e Reações Cruzadas Sanguíneas/veterinária , /normas , Transfusão de Sangue/veterináriaRESUMO
A área da hemoterapia necessita de testes de compatibilidade sanguínea confiáveis, como a tipagem sanguínea, para se evitarem possíveis reações transfusionais, mas em felinos é também importante para se evitar a isoeritrólise neonatal. Transfusões sanguíneas realizadas entre felinos doadores e receptores que não possuem compatibilidade sanguínea podem refletir em reação transfusional aguda, particularmente severa quando o sangue tipo A é transfundido em um gato tipo B, pois geralmente este último possui altos níveis de aloanticorpos de ocorrência natural. Portanto, o conhecimento da frequência dos tipos sanguíneos da população de gatos de uma região pode auxiliar na determinação dos riscos de reações transfusionais e de ocorrência de isoeritrólise neonatal. Tais riscos podem ser prevenidos com a tipagem sanguínea em casos de transfusão. Foram coletadas 100 amostras sanguíneas de felinos para a realização da tipagem sanguínea com plasmas reagentes anti-A e anti-B conhecidas e titulações de aloanticorpos anti-A e anti-B dos plasmas armazenados. A distribuição das frequências dos grupos sanguíneos foi 96% de felinos com tipo sanguíneo A e 4% de felinos com tipo sanguíneo B, não sendo encontrado na amostra populacional de felino tipo AB. Há um grande risco de reação adversa através da transfusão sanguínea randomizada entre felinos não tipados previamente
Hemotherapy requires reliable blood compatibility tests, such as blood typing, to avoid possible transfusion reactions in cats. However, it is also important to avoid neonatal isoerythrolysis. When blood transfusions are performed between incompatible feline donors and recipients, they may develop acute transfusion reactions, especially severe when type A blood is transfused into a type B cat because it has high levels of anti-A alloantibodies. Therefore, knowing on the blood type frequency in feline population of some region can help to determine the transfusion reaction risks and the occurrence of neonatal isoerythrolysis. Addicionally, such risks may be prevented through blood typing, in cases of transfusion. One hundred feline blood samples were collected and anti-A and anti-B blood reagent typing tests were performed, plus titration of alloantibodies of stored plasma. These tests showed a 96% frequency of type A blood and only 4% of type B blood among tested cats. We did not find any AB type blood cat. There is a great risk of adverse reactions after random blood transfusions between non-typed cats
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Isoanticorpos/análise , Isoanticorpos/sangue , Tipagem e Reações Cruzadas Sanguíneas/veterinária , Transfusão de Sangue/veterináriaRESUMO
Abstract Hemotherapy requires reliable blood compatibility tests, such as blood typing, to avoid possible transfusion reactions in cats. However, it is also important to avoid neonatal isoerythrolysis. When blood transfusions are performed between incompatible feline donors and recipients, they may develop acute transfusion reactions, especially severe when type A blood is transfused into a type B cat because it has high levels of anti-A alloantibodies. Therefore, knowing on the blood type frequency in feline population of some region can help to determine the transfusion reaction risks and the occurrence of neonatal isoerythrolysis. Addicionally, such risks may be prevented through blood typing, in cases of transfusion. One hundred feline blood samples were collected and anti-A and anti-B blood reagent typing tests were performed, plus titration of alloantibodies of stored plasma. These tests showed a 96% frequency of type A blood and only 4% of type B blood among tested cats. We did not find any AB type blood cat. There is a great risk of adverse reactions after random blood transfusions between non-typed cats.
Resumo A área da hemoterapia necessita de testes de compatibilidade sanguínea confiáveis, como a tipagem sanguínea, para se evitarem possíveis reações transfusionais, mas em felinos é também importante para se evitar a isoeritrólise neonatal. Transfusões sanguíneas realizadas entre felinos doadores e receptores que não possuem compatibilidade sanguínea podem refletir em reação transfusional aguda, particularmente severa quando o sangue tipo A é transfundido em um gato tipo B, pois geralmente este último possui altos níveis de aloanticorpos de ocorrência natural. Portanto, o conhecimento da frequência dos tipos sanguíneos da população de gatos de uma região pode auxiliar na determinação dos riscos de reações transfusionais e de ocorrência de isoeritrólise neonatal. Tais riscos podem ser prevenidos com a tipagem sanguínea em casos de transfusão. Foram coletadas 100 amostras sanguíneas de felinos para a realização da tipagem sanguínea com plasmas reagentes anti-A e anti-B conhecidas e titulações de aloanticorpos anti-A e anti-B dos plasmas armazenados. A distribuição das frequências dos grupos sanguíneos foi 96% de felinos com tipo sanguíneo A e 4% de felinos com tipo sanguíneo B, não sendo encontrado na amostra populacional de felino tipo AB. Há um grande risco de reação adversa através da transfusão sanguínea randomizada entre felinos não tipados previamente.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: In this study, we present a strategy for RHD gene screening based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using dried blood spots of pooled samples. BACKGROUND: Molecular analysis of blood donors may be used to detect RHD variants among the presumed D-negative individuals. RHD genotyping using pooled samples is a strategy to test a large number of samples at a more reasonable cost. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RHD gene detection based on real-time PCR using dried blood spots of pooled samples was standardised and used to evaluate 1550 Brazilian blood donors phenotyped as RhD-negative. Positive results were re-evaluated by retesting single samples using real-time PCR and conventional multiplex PCR to amplify five RHD-specific exons. PCR-sequence-specific primers was used to amplify RHDψ allele. RESULTS: We devised a strategy for RHD gene screening using dried blood spots of five pooled samples. Among 1550 serologically D-negative blood donors, 58 (3.74%) had the RHD gene. The non-functional RHDψ allele was detected in 47 samples (3.02%). CONCLUSION: The present method is a promising strategy to detect the RHD gene among presumed RhD-negative blood donors, particularly for populations with African ancestry.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Tipagem e Reações Cruzadas Sanguíneas/métodos , Seleção do Doador/métodos , Teste em Amostras de Sangue Seco/métodos , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr/genética , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a frequência de antígenos eritrocitários do sistema AB em felinos domésticos da Paraíba, Brasil. Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 178 gatos, clinicamente saudáveis, sem pré-requisitos quanto a sexo ou raça, com peso corporal acima de 1,5 kg e faixa etária acima de um ano de idade, abordados no ato da consulta ambulatorial em clínicas médicas de pequenos animais distribuídas entre três cidades da Paraíba (João Pessoa, Campina Grande e Patos). A determinação dos tipos sanguíneos foi realizada através do teste de hemaglutinação em tubo de ensaio e, a tipagem reversa foi realizada para as amostras tipos B e AB para confirmação e evidenciação de aloanticorpos naturais. Neste estudo a frequência relativa de antígenos eritrocitários A, B e AB em sua totalidade para felinos sem raça foram 98,1%, 1,21% e 0,69%, respectivamente. Todos os felinos com definição racial foram do tipo sanguíneo A. Diante destes, a probabilidade de ocorrência de reações transfusionais aleatórias obtidas foi de 2,78%, sendo cerca 40% (1,11%) potencialmente fatais. Desta forma, dado o conhecimento da frequência dos diferentes tipos sanguíneos em felinos, de uma determinada região, conclui-se que a tipagem sanguínea e o teste de compatibilidade, são importantes ferramentas que permitem ao médico veterinário tomar medidas preventivas que minimizem riscos de ocorrência de reações transfusionais e isoeletrólise neonatal e, estabelece pré-requisitos a respeito dos riscos de procedimentos hemoterápicos em felinos que circunstancialmente necessitem serem conduzidos de forma aleatória.(AU)
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of the AB blood group antigens system in domestic cats of Paraíba, Brazil. We randomly selected 178 cats which were clinically healthy, with no prerequisites in terms of gender or race, weighing above 1.5 kg, and were over one year of age. These cats were randomly selected when they entered the small animal clinic facilities in the cities of João Pessoa, Campina Grande and Patos. The determination of blood types was made using the hemagglutination test tube, and the reverse typing was performed for samples B and AB types and for confirmation of alloantibodies natural disclosure. In this study the relative frequency of A, B and AB blood group antigens in cats without a determined breed was 98.1%, 1.21% and 0.69% respectively. All cats with breed definition were blood type A. The likelihood of random transfusion reactions was 2.78%, approximately 40% (1.11%) potentially fatal. Thus, given knowledge of the frequency of different blood types in cats, from a given region, it is concluded that blood typing and compatibility test are important tools that enable the veterinarian to take preventative measures to minimize risks of isoelectrolisys reactions and neonatal transfusion, and establishes prerequisites about the risks of hemotherapic procedures in cats that require circumstantially to be conducted randomly.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Antígenos/administração & dosagem , Antígenos/análise , Eritrócitos/química , Gatos , Tipagem e Reações Cruzadas Sanguíneas/métodos , Tipagem e Reações Cruzadas Sanguíneas , Tipagem e Reações Cruzadas Sanguíneas/veterináriaRESUMO
Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a frequência de antígenos eritrocitários do sistema AB em felinos domésticos da Paraíba, Brasil. Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 178 gatos, clinicamente saudáveis, sem pré-requisitos quanto a sexo ou raça, com peso corporal acima de 1,5 kg e faixa etária acima de um ano de idade, abordados no ato da consulta ambulatorial em clínicas médicas de pequenos animais distribuídas entre três cidades da Paraíba (João Pessoa, Campina Grande e Patos). A determinação dos tipos sanguíneos foi realizada através do teste de hemaglutinação em tubo de ensaio e, a tipagem reversa foi realizada para as amostras tipos B e AB para confirmação e evidenciação de aloanticorpos naturais. Neste estudo a frequência relativa de antígenos eritrocitários A, B e AB em sua totalidade para felinos sem raça foram 98,1%, 1,21% e 0,69%, respectivamente. Todos os felinos com definição racial foram do tipo sanguíneo A. Diante destes, a probabilidade de ocorrência de reações transfusionais aleatórias obtidas foi de 2,78%, sendo cerca 40% (1,11%) potencialmente fatais. Desta forma, dado o conhecimento da frequência dos diferentes tipos sanguíneos em felinos, de uma determinada região, conclui-se que a tipagem sanguínea e o teste de compatibilidade, são importantes ferramentas que permitem ao médico veterinário tomar medidas preventivas que minimizem riscos de ocorrência de reações transfusionais e isoeletrólise neonatal e, estabelece pré-requisitos a respeito dos riscos de procedimentos hemoterápicos em felinos que circunstancialmente necessitem serem conduzidos de forma aleatória.
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of the AB blood group antigens system in domestic cats of Paraíba, Brazil. We randomly selected 178 cats which were clinically healthy, with no prerequisites in terms of gender or race, weighing above 1.5 kg, and were over one year of age. These cats were randomly selected when they entered the small animal clinic facilities in the cities of João Pessoa, Campina Grande and Patos. The determination of blood types was made using the hemagglutination test tube, and the reverse typing was performed for samples B and AB types and for confirmation of alloantibodies natural disclosure. In this study the relative frequency of A, B and AB blood group antigens in cats without a determined breed was 98.1%, 1.21% and 0.69% respectively. All cats with breed definition were blood type A. The likelihood of random transfusion reactions was 2.78%, approximately 40% (1.11%) potentially fatal. Thus, given knowledge of the frequency of different blood types in cats, from a given region, it is concluded that blood typing and compatibility test are important tools that enable the veterinarian to take preventative measures to minimize risks of isoelectrolisys reactions and neonatal transfusion, and establishes prerequisites about the risks of hemotherapic procedures in cats that require circumstantially to be conducted randomly.