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Objetivo: describir el impacto de la agenesia no sindrómica de incisivos laterales maxilares permanentes en la oclusión. Material y método: se realizó una búsqueda de la evidencia disponible de manera electrónica en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, SciELO y Epistemonikos, con filtro de búsqueda de artículos publicados entre los años 2005 y 2022, y con disponibilidad de texto completo. Resultados: se seleccionaron 9 estudios publicados entre los años 2010 y 2021; 3 estudios genéticos, 4 estudios transversales y 2 revisiones sistemáticas. Conclusión: la agenesia no sindrómica de incisivos laterales maxilares permanentes se relaciona con alteraciones esqueléticas y dentales que inciden en la oclusión dental. Un diagnóstico temprano y un tratamiento oportuno, según las necesidades de cada paciente, son importantes por las repercusiones funcionales y estéticas que genera esta alteración.

Objective: to describe the impact of non-syndromic agenesis of permanent maxillary lateral incisors on occlusion. Material and method: a search of the electronically available evidence was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, SciELO and Epistemonikos databases, with a search filter for articles published between 2005 and 2022, and with full text availability. Results: 9 studies were selected, published between 2010 and 2021: 3 genetic studies, 4 cross-sectional studies and 2 systematic reviews. Conclusion: Non-syndromic agenesis of permanent maxillary lateral incisors is related to skeletal and dental abnormalities that affect dental occlusion. Because of the functional and aesthetic repercussions of this alteration, early diagnosis and timely treatment, according to the needs of each patient, are essential.

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Objetivo: Avaliar se alterações epigenéticas estão associadas à ocorrência da agenesia dentária não sindrômica. Métodos: Buscas computadorizadas foram conduzidas no PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Embase e Scopus. Consultas na literatura cinzenta (Open Grey), no Google Scholar e pesquisas manuais nas listas de referências dos artigos incluídos também foram realizadas. Apenas estudos caso-controle avaliando indivíduos com e sem agenesia dentária não sindrômica eram elegíveis. A seleção dos estudos, a extração de dados e a avaliação do risco de viés (ferramenta da Universidade da Adelaide) foram realizadas por dois autores de forma independente. Devido à diferença metodológica dos artigos incluídos, uma meta-análise não foi possível. Resultados: 206 artigos foram identificados nas bases de dados. Após a remoção de 128 duplicatas e a análise de 78 referências, oito artigos preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade e foram incluídos. Os estudos incluídos foram realizados na China, Turquia, Tunísia, Romênia e República Tcheca. As datas de publicação ocorreram entre 2015 e 2023. Os estudos com as menores amostras avaliaram cinco indivíduos com agenesia e cinco sem agenesia e o estudo com a maior amostra avaliou 625 indivíduos com agenesia e 1144 indivíduos sem agenesia. No total, essa revisão analisou 1325 indivíduos com agenesia e 1867 sem agenesia. Dos 33 polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único avaliados, 19 deles estavam potencialmente associados a uma maior suscetibilidade à agenesia dentária não sindrômica, sendo eles identificados nos genes PAX9, AXIN2, WNT10A, MDM2, MSX1 e BMP2. Foram identificadas 29 novas mutações. No geral, os artigos incluídos apresentaram baixo risco de viés. Conclusão: Existe a associação de algumas alterações epigenéticas com a ocorrência de agenesia dentária não sindrômica.

Aim: To assess whether epigenetic alterations are associated with the occurrence of non-syndromic tooth agenesis. Methods: Computerized searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Embase, and Scopus databases. Grey literature searches (Open Grey), Google Scholar, and manual searches in the reference lists of included articles were also performed. Only case-control studies evaluating individuals with and without non-syndromic tooth agenesis were eligible. Study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment (University of Adelaide tool) were independently conducted by two authors. Due to methodological differences in the included articles, a meta-analysis was not feasible. Results: This study identified 206 articles in the databases. After removing 128 duplicates and reviewing 78 references, eight articles met the eligibility criteria and were included. The included studies were conducted in China, Turkey, Tunisia, Romania, and the Czech Republic. Publication dates ranged from 2015 to 2023. Studies with the smallest sample assessed five individuals with agenesis and five without agenesis, and the study with the largest sample assessed 625 individuals with agenesis and 1,144 without agenesis. In total, this review analyzed 1,325 individuals with agenesis and 1,867 without agenesis. Of the 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms evaluated, 19 were potentially associated with an increased susceptibility to non-syndromic tooth agenesis, and these were identified in the PAX9, AXIN2, WNT10A, MDM2, MSX1, and BMP2 genes. Twenty-nine new mutations were identified. Overall, the included articles demonstrated a low risk of bias. Conclusion: There is an association between certain epigenetic alterations and the occurrence of non-syndromic tooth agenesis.

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Introducción: la agenesia dental no sindrómica (ADNS) genera efec- tos negativos en la salud oral y psicosocial de los seres humanos. El determinante genético desempeña un papel importante en su desarrollo. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de los polimorfismos rs104893850 de MSX1 y rs28933373 de PAX9 en pacientes de seis a 18 años con ADNS. Material y métodos: estudio transversal prolectivo en el cual se revisaron individuos de seis a 18 años sin defectos congénitos y originarios del estado de Durango. Después de haber obtenido su con- sentimiento para formar parte del estudio, se estableció el diagnóstico de ADNS a través de una inspección clínica odontológica y un examen radiográfico. Se tomó una muestra de sangre capilar para la genotipi- ficación de los polimorfismos a través de la técnica de qPCR-HRM. Resultados: de un total de 124 individuos, 77 (62%) mujeres y 47 (38%) hombres; sólo 39 presentaron ADNS. En el análisis polimórfico de rs104893850 de MSX1 y rs28933373 de PAX9 se obtuvo 94.9% y 84.6% respectivamente de homocigotos mutados. Conclusiones: se obtuvo una alta frecuencia de hipodoncia, el diente que mostró más agenesia fue el órgano dentario 18. Las mutaciones polimórficas están presentes en una alta proporción de agenesia dental (AU)

Introduction: non-syndromic dental agenesis (NSDA) generates negative oral health and psychosocial effects in humans. The genetic determinant plays an important role in its development. Objective: to determine the frequency of MSX1 rs104893850 and PAX9 rs28933373 polymorphisms in patients aged 6 to 18 years with NSDA. Material and methods: prolective cross-sectional study, in which individuals aged 6 to 18 years without congenital defects and from the city of Durango were reviewed. After obtaining their consent to be part of the study, the diagnosis of NSDA was established through a clinical dental inspection, a radiographic examination and a capillary blood sample was taken for the genotyping of the polymorphisms through the qPCR-HRM technique. Results: out of a total of 124 individuals, 77 (62%) females and 47 (38%) males; only 39 presented ADNS. In the polymorphic analysis of rs104893850 of MSX1 and rs28933373 of PAX9 we obtained 94.9% and 84.6% respectively of mutated homozygotes. Conclusions: a high frequency of hypodontia was obtained, and the tooth that presented the most agenesis was dental organ 18. Polymorphic mutations are present in a high proportion for dental agenesis (AU)

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SUMMARY: In recent years, aesthetic dentistry has become a major focus for the public. Facial attractiveness plays a key role on modern society and the creation of harmonious smile is an aim for every dentist. The objective of this study was to define certain values of the inter-incisive index in Bulgarians, the sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry and to verify differences of this index between Bulgarians and other Balkan populations. The present study included 121 males and 111 females of Bulgarian origin aged 20- 40 years. Mesiodistal dimensions of maxillary central and lateral incisors were measured by Dentistry Sliding Vernier Caliper. We used the technique of direct anthropometry, modified by Prof. Y. Yordanov. We calculated the inter-incisive index as ratio of the mesiodistal dimension of maxillary lateral incisor to the mesiodistal dimension of the maxillary central incisor. The measurements were analyzed with SPSS 23. The level of statistical significance was set at P< 0.05. The inter-incisive index showed no statistically significant differences between left and right side of the dental arch in both sexes. We did not find statistically significant differences between males and females as well. On the other hand, we found statistically significant differences in MD values of incisors between Bulgarians and other Balkan nations. Inter-incisive index shows no sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry in Bulgarians. This can be helpful in aesthetic dentistry, in prosthodontics and in orthodontic treatment planning.

RESUMEN: En los últimos años, la odontología estética se ha convertido en un foco importante para el público. El atractivo facial juega un papel clave en la sociedad moderna y la creación de una sonrisa armoniosa es importante para todos los dentistas. El objetivo de este estudio fue definir ciertos valores del índice interincisivo en búlgaros, el dimorfismo sexual y la asimetría bilateral y verificar diferencias de este índice entre búlgaros y otras poblaciones balcánicas. El presente estudio incluyó a 121 hombres y 111 mujeres de origen búlgaro entre 20 y 40 años de edad. Las dimensiones mesiodistales de los incisivos superiores centrales y laterales se midieron con un calibrador Vernier deslizante de odontología. Utilizamos la técnica de antropometría directa, modificada por el Prof. Y. Yordanov y se calculó el índice interincisivo como la relación entre la dimensión mesiodistal del incisivo lateral superior y la dimensión mesiodistal del incisivo central superior. Las medidas se analizaron con SPSS 23. El nivel de significancia estadística se fijó en P<0,05. El índice interincisivo no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los lados izquierdo y derecho de la arcada dentaria en ambos sexos. Tampoco encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres. Por otro lado, encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los valores de DM de los incisivos entre búlgaros y otras naciones balcánicas. El índice interincisivo no muestra dimorfismo sexual ni asimetría bilateral en los búlgaros. Esto puede ser útil en odontología estética, en prostodoncia y en la planificación de tratamientos de ortodoncia.

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A agenesia dentaria é uma anomalia de desenvolvimento caracterizada pela determinação congênita de menor numero de dentes, podendo estar associada a síndromes genéticas ou ocorrer isoladamente. Embora seja considerada uma das anomalias mais frequentes quando envolve terceiros molares, segundo pré-molares e incisivos laterais, sua ocorrência em dentes estáveis, tais como o canino e o primeiro molar permanente é rara. Desta forma, este relato apresentará o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 8 anos idade, que iniciou tratamento de rotina na Clínica de Odontopediatria da UNIFENAS. Na anamnese não foi relatada pela responsável a ocorrência de alterações sistêmicas, nem queixa ou histórico odontológico relevante. No exame clínico odontológico, notou-se o não irrompimento do primeiro molar permanente superior direito (16). Diante dos exames de imagem, foi confirmada a agenesia do dente 16 e também do canino permanente superior direito (13). A agenesia, sobretudo de dentes estáveis e relevantes no arco dentário, pode comprometer o desenvolvimento adequado da oclusão, mastigação, fonação e estética. Desta maneira, é importante o diagnóstico precoce desta ocorrência com o objetivo de favorecer a elaboração de um adequado plano de tratamento e, minimizar as sequelas destas agenesias atípicas(AU)

Dental agenesis is a developmental anomaly characterized by the congenital determination of fewer teeth, may be associated with genetic syndromes or occur in an isolated form. Although it is considered one of the most frequent anomalies when it involves third molars, second lateral premolars and incisors, the occurrence in stable teeth, such as the permanent canine and the permanent first molar is rare. This report will present the case of an 8-year-old female patient who started routine treatment at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of UNIFENAS. In the anamnesis, the responsible person did not report the occurrence of systemic alterations, or a relevant dental complaint or history. On dental clinical examination, it was noticed the non-rupture of the permament maxillar right first molar (16). In view of the imaging tests, the agenesis of tooth 16 and also of the permanent maxillary right canine (13) was confirmed. Agenesis, especially of stable and relevant teeth in the dental arch, may compromise the proper development of occlusion, chewing, phonation and aesthetics. Thus, it is of paramount importance to early diagnosis of this occurrence in order to favor the development of an appropriate treatment plan in order to minimize the sequelae of these atypical agenesis(AU)

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Tooth agenesis is often associated with other tooth anomalies, such as microdontia, delayed eruption and ectopic eruption. Moreover, they may be found all in the same individual, as certain genetic mutations may have a variable phenotypic expression. Treatment of cases of hypodontia of anterior teeth should not involve only opening or closing space for prosthetic rehabilitation. Individuals with hypodontia of permanent maxillary lateral incisors may have teeth with a mesiodistal width smaller than that of patients with a normal dentition, and which may need reshaping to achieve an esthetic and functional occlusion. Objective: This clinical case report discusses the association of hypodontia of permanent maxillary lateral incisors with other tooth anomalies and their treatment alternatives.

RESUMO Introdução: As agenesias dentárias são frequentemente associadas a outras anomalias dentárias, tais como microdontia, atraso na erupção e ectopismo. Além disso, podem vir todas juntas em um mesmo indivíduo, pois certas mutações genéticas podem se expressar fenotipicamente de diferentes formas. A abordagem terapêutica nos casos de hipodontia de dentes anteriores não deve se pautar somente entre fechar ou abrir espaço para substituição protética. Portadores de hipodontia de incisivos laterais superiores permanentes podem apresentar os outros dentes com largura mesiodistal menor que os de pacientes com dentição normal, e podem necessitar de reanatomizações para que se obtenha uma oclusão dentária estética e funcional. Objetivo: Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente artigo é relatar um caso clínico e discutir a associação da hipodontia de incisivos laterais superiores permanentes com outras anomalias dentárias, e suas alternativas de tratamento.

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BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Non-formation of a tooth impacts the morphology of the alveolar bone, which may, in turn, generate an imbalance in facial growth. This retrospective case-control study aimed to determine whether observable differences exist in the facial growth of patients with dental agenesis relative to complete dentition controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample comprised 75 patients with dental agenesis, and each case was paired with two controls of the same age and gender (n = 150). All patients were measured cephalometrically (31 variables), and both groups were compared with student's t- or Z-test (P < 0.05). Subsequently, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests (P < 0.05) were used to compare facial growth depending on the missing tooth's sagittal location in the dental arch (anterior or posterior agenesis); as well as its location in the affected bone (maxillary, mandibular, or both). RESULTS: Four measurements with significant differences were found, whereas ten were found in the sagittal location in the dental arch analysis. Regarding the affected bone, there were no affected variables. CONCLUSION: it was found that patients with dental agenesis show differences in the sagittal growth of the upper jaw and in the position of the lower incisor. In the studied population, these changes are strongly influenced by the sagittal location of the missing tooth, while its location in the jaws does not affect facial growth.

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Resumen La agenesia dentaria es una anomalía frecuente de detectar en un examen odontológico. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de agenesias en la población chilena actual, comparar según sexo, diente afectado y clase esqueletal, y registrar microdoncia de incisivos laterales superiores permanentes. Materiales y métodos: En este estudio descriptivo transversal, se contabilizó el número de agenesias dentarias presentes en 278 radiografías panorámicas de un total de 9207 pacientes, que ingresaron a tratamiento de ortodoncia durante el año 2017 en un centro clínico privado de Santiago de Chile. Resultados: Se obtuvo una prevalencia de agenesia del 3,02%, encontrando una mayor frecuencia de agenesia de segundos premolares inferiores, seguido de incisivos laterales superiores. Hubo una mayor cantidad de agenesias en pacientes de sexo femenino. Conclusión: Los segundos premolares son los dientes con mayor prevalencia de agenesias, no se evidenció la asociación de agenesias en alguna clase esqueletal específica, y se sugieren más estudios para describir la prevalencia de los terceros molares, debido a que este diente está en vías de dejar desarrollarse, según la teoría evolutiva.

Abstract Dental agenesis is a frequent anomaly detected in a dental examination. Objective: To determine the prevalence of agenesis in the current Chilean population, compare according to sex, affected tooth, skeletal class, and record microdontia of permanent upper lateral incisors. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the number of dental agenesis present in 278 panoramic radiographs of a total of 9207 patients who entered orthodontic treatment during 2017 in a private clinical center in Santiago de Chile was recorded. Results: A prevalence of agenesis of 3.02% was obtained, finding a higher frequency in lower second premolars, followed by upper lateral incisors. Females presented a higher amount of cases in comparison to males. Conclusion: The second premolars are the teeth with the highest prevalence of agenesis. The association of this alteration with some specific skeletal class was not evidenced. More studies are suggested to describe it´s prevalence in the third molars, beacause according to the evolutionary theory this tooth might eventually disappear.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Tooth agenesis is one of the most common dental anomalies; however, the concomitant occurrence of opposite dental numerical variation of hypohyperdontia is extremely rare. Objective: To report the successful orthodontic management of a patient with non-syndromic concomitant bilateral agenesis of mandibular canines and two midline inverted supernumerary maxillary teeth. Case report: 21-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of protrusive right maxillary central incisor. The patient was diagnosed with a mild Class II skeletal base, Angle Class III molar relationship and increased overjet associated with hypohyperdontia. Anterior open bite accompanied with tongue-thrusting habit were also observed. Two temporary anchorage devices (TADs) were implanted at the buccal side of the maxillary molar region to control vertical height. Anterior teeth retraction was done after extraction of the maxillary first premolars, to improve the excessive overjet. The treatment mechanics involved lingual brackets system for the maxillary arch and transpalatal arch for anchorage control. Results: The total active treatment period was 35 months. Acceptable occlusion with increased bite force and contact area as well as functional excursion were established without interference, following complex orthodontic treatment with premolar substitution. The resultant occlusion and a satisfactory facial profile were maintained after 29 months of retention. Conclusion: The present case report provides implications regarding the orthodontic treatment of hypohyperdontia-associated substitution for missing teeth as an effective option for improving aesthetic and functional aspects.

RESUMO Introdução: A agenesia é uma das anomalias dentárias mais comuns; porém, a ocorrência concomitante de variações numéricas do tipo hipo-hiperdontia em ambas as arcadas é extremamente rara. Objetivo: Descrever o tratamento ortodôntico bem-sucedido de uma paciente não sindrômica que apresentava agenesia bilateral dos caninos inferiores e dois dentes supranumerários na região de linha média superior. Descrição: Paciente do sexo feminino com 21 anos de idade, apresentando queixa principal de protrusão dos incisivos centrais superiores. Foi diagnosticada com leve Classe II esquelética, relação de molares em Classe III de Angle, sobressaliência aumentada e hipo-hiperdontia. Além disso, a paciente apresentava mordida aberta anterior associada ao hábito de interposição lingual. Dois dispositivos de ancoragem temporária (DATs) foram instalados por vestibular na região dos molares superiores, para controle vertical. A retração dos dentes anteriores foi feita após a extração dos primeiros pré-molares superiores, para reduzir a sobressaliência acentuada. A mecânica adotada envolveu o uso de braquetes linguais na arcada superior e barra transpalatina para controle da ancoragem. Resultados: Após 35 meses de fase ativa desse tratamento complexo, com substituição dos pré-molares, obteve-se oclusão aceitável, com aumento da força oclusal e da área de contatos oclusais, bem como movimentos excursivos funcionais bem estabelecidos e sem interferências. Após 29 meses de contenção, verificou-se estabilidade da oclusão e do perfil facial. Conclusão: Esse relato de caso clínico mostra que o tratamento ortodôntico com substituição de dentes ausentes associados à hipo-hiperdontia é uma opção efetiva para a melhora dos aspectos estéticos e funcionais.

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Agenesis of permanent teeth is the most frequent dental anomaly. The most affected tooth is the third molar (M3), and its congenital absence poses interesting questions from a clinical and evolutionary perspective. M3 agenesis can occur isolated or as part of syndromes. Researchers have reported prevalences that vary largely among populations, between 5 % and 56 %, with a mean prevalence of 22.6 %. Previous Chilean studies, mainly in Northern populations, have determined a prevalence between 19.8 % and 26.7 %. The aim of this work was to assess the prevalence of M3 agenesis and to characterize its presentation in a sample from Santiago, the largest to date in a M3 agenesis prevalence study in Chile. In this study, 535 panoramic radiographies and clinical histories of patients from the Dental Clinic of the Universidad de Chile were used to determine prevalence and distribution according to sex, affected tooth, and location (left or right; maxilla or mandible). The Chi-square test was used to assess statistical significance in distribution. The calculated M3 agenesis prevalence was of 12.89 %. No statistically significant differences were found between sexes, sides or location within the jaws. The agenesis of one third molar was more common, then two, three and finally of all the third molars. The prevalence of M3 agenesis in the sample is 12.89 %, with a random manner of presentation. We propose that as it currently stands, M3 agenesis should be considered an anatomical variation rather than a developmental anomaly.

La agenesia de dientes definitivos es la anomalía dental más común. El diente más afectado es el tercer molar (M3), y su ausencia congénita plantea preguntas interesantes desde una perspectiva clínica y evolutiva. La agenesia de M3 puede ocurrir de manera aislada o asociada a síndromes. Estudios a nivel mundial reportan una prevalencia variable entre poblaciones: 5 % a 56 %, con una prevalencia media del 22,6 %. Estudios chilenos anteriores, principalmente en poblaciones del norte, han determinado una prevalencia entre 19,8 % y 26,7 %. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de agenesia de M3 y caracterizar su presentación en una muestra de Santiago, la más grande hasta la fecha en un estudio de prevalencia de agenesia de M3 en Chile. Se utilizaron 535 radiografías panorámicas y antecedentes de pacientes atendidos en la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad de Chile para evaluar la prevalencia y modo de presentación de la agenesia de M3. Se analizó su distribución según ubicación, sexo y simetría, mediante test estadístico Chi-cuadrado. Se calculó una prevalencia de agenesia de M3 de 12,89 %, sin un patrón claro ni estadísticamente significativo en su distribución. Fue más común la agenesia de un tercer molar, luego de dos, tres y finalmente de todos los terceros molares. La prevalencia de agenesia en una muestra de la Región Metropolitana es de 12,89 % y su distribución es aleatoria según la ubicación, sexo y simetría. Se propone que esta condición actualmente debiera considerarse como una variación anatómica más que a una anomalía del desarrollo.

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Resumen 16. Las anomalías dentales pueden producir alteraciones de forma, número, tamaño y estructura dental, afectando la función y la estética. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la frecuencia y localización de anomalías dentales de número en niños sanos costarricenses entre los 6 y 12 años. Se realizó un estudio observacional y retrospectivo con 157 radiografías panorámicas de los expedientes de los pacientes de la Clínica de Odontopediatría y Ortodoncia de la Universidad de Costa Rica entre los años 2015-2017; las anomalías que se observaron fueron hiperdoncias e hipodoncias. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando la prueba de Fisher con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Se encontró un 8.3% de anomalías de número, 4.5% fueron hiperdoncias y 3.8% hipodoncias, ambas anomalías se presentaron tanto de forma única como doble o múltiple. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa según el género. Las hiperdoncias fueron más comunes en maxila y las hipodoncias en mandíbula. Los dientes supernumerarios más frecuentes fueron los mesiodens y las ausencias más recurrentes fueron los segundos premolares inferiores.

Abstract 20. Dental anomalies can produce alterations in dental shape, number, size, and structure, affecting function and aesthetics. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and location of teeth number anomalies in healthy Costa Rican children between 6 and 12 years old. An observational and retrospective study was carried out with 157 panoramic radiographs of the patients of the pediatric dentistry and orthodontics clinic of the University of Costa Rica between the years 2015-2017. Hyperdontias and hypodontias were the anomalies observed. Data were analyzed using a Fisher exact test with a significance level of 5% . The results showed that the overall frequency of dental anomalies was 8.3%, 4.5% were hyperdontias and 3.8% hypodontias. Double or multiple hyperdontia and hypodontia were also found. The difference between sex was not significant (p= 0.145). Supernumeraries were more frequent in maxilla and hypodontias in mandible. Mesiodens was the most frequently found supernumerary teeth. Mandibular second premolars were the most commonly missing teeth.

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El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la rehabilitación inicial de un niño preescolar con displasia ectodérmica (DE) y anodoncia. Realizó la primera consulta a los 30 meses con ambos rebordes desdentados y requerimientos familiares de estética y función acorde a su edad. Requirió un amplio abordaje interdisciplinario (odontopediatra, psicóloga, fonoaudióloga y especialista en prótesis). Se instalaron prótesis totales removibles (PTR) en ambos maxilares rebasadas con material resiliente de larga duración, que cumplieron los requisitos de retención, soporte, estabilidad y confort para el niño.Conclusión: los pacientes con anodoncia requieren rehabilitación a edades tempranas, siendo necesaria la participación de equipos interdisciplinarios que aportan diferentes recursos para mejorar la estética, favorecer la función y la inserción en el contexto psicosocial acompañando el crecimiento y desarrollo (AU)

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the factors associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis, besides identifying its pattern of occurrence. STUDY DESIGN: Pre-orthodontic exams of 3400 subjects, aged 8-30 years, were selected from a radiographic center in Brazil. Panoramic and periapical radiographs were analyzed to verify the presence of tooth agenesis and other six dental anomalies. Descriptive statistics were calculated using the Tooth Agenesis Code tool and, to evaluate significant associations, a negative binomial regression model was constructed. Besides, unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated for the bivariate and the multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Prevalence of tooth agenesis was 3.0% (n = 68) and 41 different phenotypic patterns were observed. Teeth most often symmetrically missing were maxillary lateral incisors (13.2%) and mandibular second premolars (8.8%). Females (PR = 3.49, CI 95% = 1.96-6.19) presented more tooth agenesis. Other dental anomalies, such as palatal displacement of maxillary canine and infraocclusion of primary molar were significantly more frequent (p < 0.001) in subjects with agenesis. CONCLUSION: There was a strong relationship between tooth agenesis and gender and the association with other dental anomalies was significant, with the exception of the supernumerary teeth, which seems to be independent.

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ABSTRACT Hypodontia is the most prevalent craniofacial malformation in mankind. It may present a wide variety of manifestations and, depending on the number and location of missing teeth, it may affect the esthetics, mastication, speech and occlusal balance. This paper discusses the therapeutic approaches to solve this condition, describing a case report with hypodontia of one mandibular lateral incisor, which treatment option included space closure at the region of hypodontia associated with composite resin restorations in the mandibular central incisors. The three-year follow-up after treatment revealed occlusal stability, adequate intercuspation in Class I relationship and excellent micro and macroesthetics.

Resumo A agenesia dentária é a malformação craniofacial mais prevalente em humanos. Pode apresentar uma grande variedade de manifestações e, dependendo do número e localização dos dentes ausentes, pode afetar a estética, a mastigação, a fala e o equilíbrio da oclusão. Neste artigo, serão discutidas as propostas terapêuticas para resolução dessa condição e será descrito um caso clínico com agenesia de um incisivo lateral inferior, cuja opção de tratamento foi o fechamento do espaço remanescente da agenesia, associado ao incremento de resina composta nos incisivos centrais inferiores. No acompanhamento por três anos após o tratamento, verificou-se estabilidade oclusal, adequada intercuspidação em Classe I e excelente micro e macroestética.

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OBJECTIVES: Current knowledge on dental anomalies in patients with incontinentia pigmenti (IP) has been obtained by examining case reports; however, an overall characterization of such alterations remains lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, type and location of dental alterations in IP using a case series. METHODS: Fourteen patients (9 children and 5 adults) with a clinical diagnosis of IP who presented dental anomalies were included in this study. All patients were administered a clinical questionnaire, dental examination and radiological investigation. RESULTS: In the present case series, agenesis of primary dentition was present in 60 % of patients and agenesis of permanent tooth was present in 92.8 % of patients. Most cases were missing at least 6 teeth. Second molar agenesis was present in 13 patients (92.8 %). Anomalies in dental crowns occurred in 71.4 % of cases, and the central incisor was most frequently affected. Two adult patients still had primary teeth. Malocclusion was found in 10 patients (71.4 %). High-arched palate was observed in 7 (50 %) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with IP present alterations in both primary and permanent dentition. Because the agenesis of permanent teeth is more common, primary teeth are not always replaced. In addition, the durability of primary dentition appears to be greater in IP. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that patients with IP experience significant loss of teeth, especially in permanent dentition, and have an increased risk of high-arched palate compared to the general population. Prophylactic care of primary teeth in IP is relevant for improving functional and aesthetic outcomes until dental prostheses are implanted.

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La hipomelanosis de Ito (incontinencia pigmentante acromática o nevo sistmico acrómico) es una enfermedad dermatolgica o sindrome neurocutáneo de ocurrencia rara, que consiste en la presencia de manchas dérmicas hipopigmentadas en varias partes del cuerpo, además de múltiples manifestaciones extracutáneas, principalmente del sistema nerviosocentral (posible retraso mental de diferentes grados), musculo-esqueléticas y oculares. También ha sido asociada con diversas anomalías dentales, como son la hipodoncia y el talón cuspídeo palatino. El propósito del presente artículo es reportar el manejo estomatológico proporcionado a una niña de 2 años y 7 meses de edad con hipomelanosis de Ito, en la clínica del Posgrado en Estomatolog¡a Pediátrica, de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosi.

Hypomelanosis of Ito (incontinence pigmenting achromic or systemic achromic nevus) is a dermatological disease or neurocutaneous syndrome rare occurrence, with incidence of dermal hypopigmented spots in many parts of the body, and several extracutaneous manifestations, primarily central nervous system (possible mental retardation of variable degrees), optical and musculoskeletal. It has also been associated with various dental anomalies such as hypodontia and the palatal cusp heel. The purpose of this paper is to report dental management provided a girl of 2 years and 7 months old with Hypomelanosis of Ito, at the clinic of Pediatric Dentistry of the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies in a subpopulation of orthodontic patients with agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors (MLI). Methods: The material of the present study included the records of the 1964 orthodontic patients. Panoramic radiographs and dental casts were used to analyze other associated eight dental anomalies, including agenesis of other teeth, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, peg shaped MLI, taurodontism, pulp stone, root dilaceration and maxillary canine impaction. Results: Out of the 1964 patients examined, 90 were found to have agenesis of MLI, representing a prevalence of 4.6%. The most commonly found associated-anomalies were agenesis of other teeth (23.3%), peg-shaped MLIs (15.6%), taurodontism (42.2%), and dilacerated teeth (18.9%). Conclusion: Permanent tooth agenesis, taurodontism, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor, and root dilacerations are frequently associated with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de anomalias dentárias em uma subpopulação de pacientes ortodônticos com agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores (ILS). Material e Métodos: o material do presente estudo incluiu os registros de 1964 pacientes ortodônticos. Radiografias panorâmicas e modelos de estudo foram usados para analisar outras anomalias dentárias associadas, incluindo a agenesia de outros dentes, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, ILS conoides, taurodontismo, calcificação pulpar, dilaceração radicular e impacção do canino superior. Resultados: dos 1964 pacientes examinados, constatou-se que 90 tinham agenesia do ILS, o que representa uma prevalência de 4,6%. As anomalias associadas mais comumente encontradas foram a agenesia de outros dentes (23,3%), ILS conoides (15,6%), taurodontismo (42,2%) e dentes com dilaceração (18,9%). Conclusão: a agenesia de dentes permanentes, o taurodontismo, incisivos laterais superiores conoides e dilaceração radicular estão frequentemente associados à agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores.

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OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that maxillary development may be affected by occlusal support. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample was composed by Wistar rats (5 weeks old) divided into three groups: Control (n = 10), extraction of mandibular molar teeth - left side (n = 10), extraction mandibular molar teeth - left and right sides (n = 10). The rats were sacrificed 8 weeks postextraction. Cone beam computed tomography scan images were taken for posterior measurement of maxillary length and width. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (Tukey test as post-hoc test). RESULTS: Maxillary length was significantly shorter (P < 0.005) in both groups after tooth extraction. No difference was observed regarding maxillary width and body weight. CONCLUSION: Reduced occlusal support may impair the development of the maxilla in rats.

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Introdução: A prevalência e a distribuição das anomalias dentárias de número variam de acordo com a população estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de anomalias dentárias de número, verificando-se a frequência com relação a gênero, localização e dentes mais acometidos. Método: Foram avaliadas 1.054 radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes com idade entre 5 e 30 anos, realizadas no período de janeiro a março de 2010, em uma clínica particular de diagnóstico por imagem de Teresina-PI. Foram registrados dados relativos a gênero, idade, presença ou ausência de anomalia, dente acometido e localização. Foram realizados os testes estatísticos Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Teste Binominal, para duas proporções. Resultado: A hipodontia, com prevalência de 4,9%, foi encontrada com mais frequência na maxila, não apresentando diferença entre os lados e os gêneros. Os dentes mais ausentes foram: incisivos laterais superiores e segundo pré-molar inferior. Em relação à hiperdontia, com prevalência de 4,0%, não foram observadas diferenças entre gêneros, lados e maxilares. As regiões com maior presença de supranumerários foram: distal dos terceiros molares e entre pré-molares inferiores. Conclusão: Foi observada prevalência de hipodontia de 4,9%, sendo mais comum na maxila, e de hiperdontia de 4%, não apresentando diferença entre maxilares, lados e gêneros.

Introduction: The prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies of number vary according to the population studied. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental anomalies of number by assessing the frequency of hypodontia and hyperdontia regarding gender, the region of the maxila or mandible and the most affected teeth. Method: The panoramic radiographs of 1054 patients, aged 5 to 30 years, from a private diagnostic imaging clinic were evaluated. Gender, age, presence or absence of abnormality, affected teeth and region were compared. Chi-square statistical tests and Pearson Test Binominal for two proportions were carried out. Result: The prevalence of hypodontia was 4.9% and it was more frequent in the maxilla. There were no significant differences between the left and right side of the maxila or genders. The most frequently missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular second premolar. The prevalence of hyperdontia was 4.0%. There were no significant differences between genders, right or left side of the maxila or mandible. The regions most frequently affected were distal to the third molars and between mandibular premolars. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypodontia was 4.9% and it was more frequent in the maxilla. The prevalence of hyperdontia was 4%. No significant differences between genders and the maxillary or mandibular region were found.

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La displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica es un síndrome congénito, caracterizado por la tríada hipohidrosis, hipotricosis e hipodoncia no progresivas. La forma más común es lade herencia recesiva ligada al cromosoma X, aunque también existe una autosómica recesiva y otra dominante. Su tratamiento incluye un manejo interdisciplinario, con medidas de soporte para las manifestaciones clínicas del trastorno y el asesoramiento genético familiar.

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a congenital syndrome characterized by the triad of hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis and non-progressivehypodontia. The most common form is the one inherited in a recessive X-linked way, although there is also an autosomal recessive and a dominant ones. Treatment includes the interdisciplinary management, supportive for the clinical manifestations of the disorder and family genetic counseling.

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