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The human-animal relationship is crucial for animal welfare. Gentle handling enhances pigs' comfort while rough handling causes fear and stress. This study examined how different human-animal relationship qualities affect the behavior and heart rate variability (linear and non-linear parameters) of 36 nursery pigs. Over six weeks, pigs experienced positive (n = 12), minimal (n = 12), or negative (n = 12) human handling. Their responses to handlers were then assessed in an experimental arena with four phases: habituation, exposure to the handler standing and sitting, and forced interaction. Pigs subjected to negative handling exhibited increased fear-related behaviors, spending less time in contact with the handler. They also exhibited heightened stress responses, with greater LF/HF ratio and Lmean values compared with positively handled pigs. Conversely, gently handled pigs displayed affiliative behaviors, accepting more strokes, and higher parasympathetic activation, indicated by greater RMSSD/SDNN and SampEn values, suggesting a more positive affective state. Minimally handled pigs exhibited some behavioral similarities to gently handled pigs, although physiological data indicated that the interaction was likely more rewarding for the gently handled pigs. These results emphasize the impact of human-animal relationships on pig welfare and highlight the value of incorporating non-linear heart rate variability parameters in such evaluations.
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Several types of enrichment can be used to improve animal welfare. This review summarizes the literature on the use of mechanical brushes, tactile udder stimulation, music, and visual stimuli as enrichment methods for dairy cows. Mechanical brushes and tactile stimulation of the udder have been shown to have a positive effect on milk yield and overall behavioral repertoire, enhancing natural behavior. Classical music reduces stress levels and has similarly been associated with increased milk yield. A slow or moderate tempo (70 to 100 bpm) at frequencies below 70 dB is recommended to have this positive effect. Evidence on the impacts of other types of enrichment, such as visual stimulation through mirrors, pictures, and color lights, or the use of olfactory stimuli, is equivocal and requires further study.
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Caregiver burden, a response to the challenges faced by those caring for sick loved ones, combines objective caregiving aspects with subjective experiences. This study aimed to describe the caregiver burden in guardians of ailing animals with dermatological and oncological pathologies. Additionally, this study aimed to correlate the degree of caregiver burden with the duration of the animal's treatment, disease stability, family income, owner's age, and the number of people living in the same household responsible for the animal's treatment. Using a cross-sectional approach, questionnaires were administered to guardians at a veterinary hospital. Out of 182 valid responses, 50.55% related to oncological patients and 49.45% to dermatological patients. Notably, 36.9% of oncological and 37.8% of dermatological guardians exhibited a clinically significant burden, with no statistical differences between the groups. Of the respondents, 84.6% were dog guardians, with 34.4% showing a significant burden. Feline guardians (15.4% of respondents) exhibited a higher burden (53.5%) compared to dog guardians (p = 0.02). Disease stability, time since diagnosis, and guardian age significantly influenced the burden, while household composition, income, and treatment duration showed no substantial impact. These findings underscore the psychosocial impact of caring for animals, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of the caregiver's perspective.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tactile stimuli and music during daily milking on the productive, physiological, well-being, and health parameters of dairy cows. The experiment, which lasted 39 days, was conducted on a commercial farm with forty crossbred cows (age: 36 to 42 months; weight: 350 to 400 kg) distributed in a completely randomized design (2 × 2) via the following treatments: (Con)-cows not exposed to stimuli, (Tac)-cows exposed to tactile stimuli before milking, (Mus)-cows exposed to music during milking, (Tac+Mus)-cows exposed to both stimuli. In this study, classical music with a slow (75 to 107 BPM) and moderate tempo (90 to 100 BPM) was played, and tactile stimuli was provided manually using a flexible stick in the posterior region and udders of the cows. Cows not exposed to any of the stimuli had up to 41% higher residual milk quantity compared to those exposed to one of or both of the stimuli. The sound stimulus promoted an increase in milk letdown before the start of milking. Cows exposed to stimuli showed higher serotonin levels, indicating a beneficial effect on animal well-being. However, cows exposed to pre-milking tactile stimuli showed an increase in somatic cell count. Combining both techniques may have positive effects on milk productivity and well-being. However, using music alone may be more recommendable as it does not pose health risks.
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Tucuquere (Bubo magellanicus) is an owl inhabiting Chile, which is classified as a species of agricultural interest, but its current conservation status is not well defined. The determination of previously unknown haematological ranges via laboratory techniques for species analysis is of great importance in the search for diagnoses in clinical veterinary work. Thirty-three samples from healthy tucuquere were obtained from zoos and rehabilitation centres in central Chile and analysed using standard laboratory techniques to obtain reference values that were determined according to the standard recommendations for animal species. The mean, standard deviation, maximum, and minimum reference limits were calculated at 95% and 97.5% error. These results differ from those of other studies, especially in terms of the white blood cells because most of the values were lower than those described for the species. These results could be explained by the habitat and location from which the samples were taken, and they corroborate the need to obtain reference values for different geographical areas. This study provides useful haematological values for use in conservation medicine and zoos and highlights the importance of carrying out these studies in different geographical areas for species of ecological interest.
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The quality of life of animals can have a direct impact on the health of the community where they live, therefore, knowledge of the number of animals and the conditions in which they are found is fundamental to the development of actions focused on Unique Health. Aiming to carry out a population estimate of dogs and cats, domiciled and semi-domiciled, in the urban area of Barra-BA and to analyze the population's knowledge about the themes "responsible guarding" and "animal welfare", it was carried out, in the period of August to November 2019, the application of a questionnaire in 365 residences. The results showed that for each inhabitant there were about 0.152 dogs and 0.108 cats, thus, it is estimated about 6,341 domesticated and semi-domesticated animals, being 3,707 dogs and 2,634 cats. The analysis of notions of animal welfare and responsible guarding showed that most tutors do not satisfactorily practice responsible guarding, especially for cats that, when compared to dogs, had lower rates of deworming and vaccination, as well as average age below that of the canine population. The number of animals with free access to the street was higher for felines. In terms of reproductive control, between the two species, only 3.6% were spayed. At the end of the work, it can be concluded that the cat: inhabitant proportion in the studied region is consistent with the national proportion. In contrast, the dog: inhabitant relationship was shown to be inferior when compared to national values. Furthermore, there was a need for educational actions within the scope of responsible custody.(AU)
A qualidade de vida dos animais pode ter impacto direto na saúde da comunidade onde vivem. Portanto, o conhecimento do número de animais e das condições em que se encontram é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de ações voltadas para a abordagem Saúde Única. Com o objetivo de realizar uma estimativa populacional de cães e gatos domiciliados e semidomiciliados na área urbana de Barra-BA, e analisar o conhecimento da população local sobre os temas "guarda responsável" e "bem-estar animal" foi realizado um questionário em 365 residências no período de agosto a novembro de 2019. Os resultados mostraram que para cada habitante havia cerca de 0,152 cães e 0,108 gatos. Assim, estima-se que existam cerca de 6.341 animais domesticados e semi-domesticados, sendo 3.707 cães e 2.634 gatos. A análise do conhecimento sobre bem-estar animal e guarda responsável mostrou que a maioria dos tutores não pratica a guarda responsável de forma satisfatória, principalmente para gatos. Quando comparados aos cães, os gatos apresentaram menores índices de vermifugação e vacinação e apresentaram idade média abaixo da população canina. O número de animais com livre acesso à rua foi maior para os felinos. Em termos de controle reprodutivo, entre as duas espécies, apenas 3,6% foram esterilizadas. Ao final do trabalho, pode-se concluir que a proporção gato por habitante na região estudada é condizente com a proporção nacional. Em contrapartida, a relação cão por habitante mostrou-se inferior aos valores nacionais.(AU)
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Animais , Bem-Estar do Animal/estatística & dados numéricos , Gatos , Cães , Brasil , Controle da População/estatística & dados numéricos , Crescimento DemográficoRESUMO
Abordagens interdisciplinares vêm ganhando maior reconhecimento e destaque nas comunidades de saúde humana e animal, principalmente pela (re)emergência de diversas doenças infecciosas que emanam da interface humano-animal-ambiente. A raiva, zoonose grave, considerada endêmica no Brasil e globalmente negligenciada, é um exemplo. Tanto a vigilância epidemiológica quanto a confirmação dessa doença dependem do diagnóstico laboratorial, que é realizado, frequentemente, por meio dos testes de Imunofluorescência Direta (IFD) e de Isolamento Viral em Camundongo (IVC), via inoculação intracerebral da amostra suspeita em camundongos lactentes ou desmamados. Entretanto, recentemente, a Organização Mundial da Saúde reconheceu a Transcrição Reversa seguida da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (RT-PCR) como uma técnica primária válida para esse diagnóstico, podendo ser empregada como alternativa ao uso de animais, evitando sofrimento e morte. Esta dissertação apresenta uma discussão sobre as implicações técnicas e éticas da (não) adoção desse método substitutivo, considerando que todos os animais devem ser respeitados e entendidos como sujeitos singulares em suas percepções do mundo, não como objetos de pesquisa. Esse fato corrobora a necessidade de novas perspectivas que ressignifiquem nossas relações com os animais não humanos, o que é primordial para o estabelecimento de mudanças sistêmicas, de caráter ético-político, que visem o fim da instrumentalização animal e de seu uso no âmbito científico, bem como de qualquer forma de opressão.
Interdisciplinary approaches have been gaining greater recognition and prominence in the human and animal health communities, mainly due to the (re)emergence of several infectious diseases that emanate from the human-animal-environment interface. Rabies is an example, considered a serious zoonosis endemic in Brazil and globally neglected. Both epidemiological surveillance and confirmation of this disease depend on laboratory diagnosis, which is usually performed by the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) and the mouse inoculation test (MIT) via intracranial inoculation of the suspected sample into suckling or weanling mice. However, the World Health Organization recently recognized the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as a valid primary technique for this diagnosis, which can replace the use of animals, avoiding suffering and death. This study presents a discussion about the technical and ethical implications of (not) adopting this alternative method, considering that all animals must be respected and understood as unique beings with their perceptions of the world, not as objects of research. It also further corroborates the need for new perspectives that reframe our relationships with non-human animals, which is fundamental for the implementation of systemic ethical-political changes, aiming at the end of animal instrumentalization and use in scientific research, as well as all forms of oppression.
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Humanos , Animais , Raiva , Bioética , Experimentação Animal , Ética em Pesquisa , Brasil , Alternativas ao Uso de AnimaisRESUMO
Animal-assisted interventions (AAI) have been showing significant results in human health promotion. This study aimed to develop and present validity evidence of the Children-Dog Interaction Scale (CDIS) for the Brazilian population. Items were developed and evaluated by experts. Parents of children between 2 and 12 years old (n = 118) completed the CDIS and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Exploratory Factor Analysis generated two dimensions: Affective Interactions (23 items, α = .89) and Educational and Punitive Interactions (8 items, α = .65) between children and dogs. The significant correlations between CDIS and SDQ dimensions indicated that the interaction between children and dogs could be a significant variable for assessing children's behavioral problems. We concluded that CDIS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess children-dog interactions and screen children for IAA participation.
As Intervenções Assistidas por Animais (IAAs) apresentam resultados expressivos para a promoção da saúde humana. O objetivo deste artigo foi construir e apresentar evidências de validade da Escala de Interação entre Crianças e Cães (EICC) para a população brasileira. O instrumento foi desenvolvido a partir da literatura e submetido a análise de juízes, o qual respondido por 118 pais de crianças entre 2 e 12 anos de idade, juntamente com o Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ). A partir da análise fatorial exploratória, foram extraídos os fatores Interação Afetiva (α = .89), 23 itens e Interação Educativa e Punitiva (α = .65), 8 itens. As correlações significativas entre dimensões da EICC e do SDQ indicam que a interação entre crianças e cães domésticos pode ser uma variável importante para a avaliação de problemas comportamentais. Conclui-se que a EICC apresenta bons índices de validade e confiabilidade e pode ser usada para a triagem de crianças.
Las intervenciones asistidas por animales (IAA) han mostrado resultados significativos para la promoción de la salud humana. El objetivo fue construir y presentar evidencia de validez de la Escala de Interacción entre Niños y Perros (EICC) para la población brasileña. El instrumento desarrollado a partir de la literatura y sometido al análisis de jueces, fue respondido por 118 padres de niños de entre 2 y 12 años, junto con el Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ). Del análisis factorial exploratorio, se extrajeron los factores interacción afectiva (23 elementos, α = ,89) y interacción educativa y punitiva (ocho elementos, α = ,65) Correlaciones significativas entre las dimensiones del EICC y el SDQ indican que la interacción entre los niños y los perros domésticos puede ser una variable importante para evaluar los problemas de comportamiento. Se concluye que el instrumento tiene buenos índices de validez y confiabilidad, y se puede utilizar para la detección de niños.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Criança , Comportamento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Cães , Interação Humano-Animal , Psicometria , Comportamento , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise Fatorial , Diagnóstico , Promoção da SaúdeRESUMO
Anthropomorphic practices are increasing worldwide. Anthropomorphism is defined as the tendency to attribute human forms, behaviors, and emotions to non-human animals or objects. Anthropomorphism is particularly relevant for companion animals. Some anthropomorphic practices can be beneficial to them, whilst others can be very detrimental. Some anthropomorphic behaviors compromise the welfare and physiology of animals by interfering with thermoregulation, while others can produce dehydration due to the loss of body water, a condition that brings undesirable consequences such as high compensatory blood pressure and heat shock, even death, depending on the intensity and frequency of an animal's exposure to these stressors. Malnutrition is a factor observed due to consumption of junk food or an imbalance in caloric proportions. This can cause obesity in pets that may have repercussions on their locomotor apparatus. Intense human-animal interaction can also lead to the establishment of attachment that impacts the mental state and behavior of animals, making them prone to develop aggression, fear, or anxiety separation syndrome. Another aspect is applying cosmetics to pets, though scientific studies have not yet determined whether cosmetic products such as coat dyes, nail polish, and lotions are beneficial or harmful for the animals, or to what extent. The cohabitation of animals in people's homes can also constitute a public health risk due to infectious and zoonotic diseases. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the adverse effects of anthropomorphism on the welfare of companion animals from several angles-physiological, sanitary, and behavioral-based on a discussion of current scientific findings.
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The human factor is one of the major determinants of animal welfare in zoos. Assessing changes in activity patterns, behavior and space use due to human presence might help understanding visitors' influence on these animal welfare indicators. In Córdoba (Argentina), we assessed the activity pattern and behavior of Tamandua tetradactyla (lesser anteaters; n = 5) during natural light/dark phases and the animals' use of space. We analyzed responses of lesser anteaters to humans in days open to the public (Sundays and Tuesdays) and days closed to the public (Mondays), collecting data at 5-minute intervals during 12 days, for each animal. Data were analyzed at two temporal scales: a 24 h period and visiting hours. Multivariate analyses showed no differences in activity pattern, behavior and space use among days, exhibiting a consistent response of each individual over the studied days. Principal Component Analysis showed differences between female and male behaviors. Based on these results, the visitor effect on these lesser anteaters would appear to be neutral, indicating that the presence of visitors is at most, a minor concern in the housing and management of these individuals in Córdoba Zoo.
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Animais de Zoológico/fisiologia , Comportamento Animal , Eutérios/fisiologia , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Argentina , Feminino , Atividades Humanas , Humanos , Masculino , Comportamento EspacialRESUMO
Temperament assessment is useful in reintroduction programs. Reactivity to humans and flight ability are also important behavioral aspects for captive parrots candidates to reintroduction. The study aimed: a) to evaluate if behavioral responses to environmental enrichment differ as a function of temperament in captive Vinaceous-breasted Amazon parrots (Amazona vinacea) and b) to evaluate if the behavioral responses to environmental enrichment are related to flight ability and animal's reaction to human when offered food. A temperament assessment was performed and behavioral evaluations of parrots (n = 13) using an ethogram were carried out, in two phases: unenriched and enriched. Flight skill and food reward tests were also performed. Two temperament dimensions were described ("vigilance" and "risk-taking"). Parrots categorized as "vigilant" spent less time feeding on the feeder and interacting with environment. Animals with compromised flight ability spent more time preening, had lower frequency of vocalizations, tended to have fewer negative social interactions, and interacted less with the enrichment than individuals with better flight ability. Flight performance and temperament of captive parrots should be considered while planning and executing environmental enrichment techniques.
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Amazona , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Animais , Humanos , TemperamentoRESUMO
The study of human-animal interactions has become a prominent research field. The presence of pets in our daily lives has meant a change in the perception of our relationship with pets. One of the new lines of research that has opened up in this area analyzes the possible physical, emotional, and psychological benefits of a human-animal bond. In this context, two main objectives were pursued in this study, whose sample (N = 1436) was investigated in Puerto Rico: (PO1) determining the characteristics of the owners and the care of the pets within Puerto Rican society and (PO2) to analyzing the benefits of living with pets for health and personal well-being, especially at the psychological level. We sought to identify the feelings that arose in pet caretakers as a result of human-animal interactions. The methodology used, which was descriptive and not experimental, was based on a questionnaire of 86 questions with a Likert scale. After the descriptive analysis was undertaken through a frequency analysis, a binary logistic regression was carried out to establish whether the feelings and emotions of the subjects toward their companion pets were determined by sociodemographic variables and were related to the type of coexistence with their pets. The two main results from this study are as follows: for most owners, their pets are very important beings, and those who establish an emotional connection with their pets experience love, joy, and peace. Pets are part of human life through very intense relationships and interactions that, in most cases, increase personal welfare by providing improvements to the human-animal biopsychosocial system. In this sense, a relationship with a pet has a positive impact on the mental health of the owner. Pets are a part of our family lives and are regulators of the most elementary feelings and emotions in humans.
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Compatibility in activity preferences refers to the shared enjoyment of daily activities, such as walking and interacting with others, and it is an indicator of the behavioral dimension of compatibility, which mainly refers to exercise and play. It has been found that individuals who are more compatible with their dogs have a better relationship with them, which can explain some of the benefits of human-dog interaction. However, research to explain how and why human-animal relationships are potentially therapeutic is still needed. The objective of this quantitative study was to compare the benefits of human-dog interaction for both humans and dogs between people who were and were not compatible with their dogs. Ninety people with scores of 50% or less on the compatibility index and 110 people with 100% compatibility participated in the study. The groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The people in the group with greater compatibility reported more subjective happiness and less perceived stress, a stable dog-feeding routine, and more frequent daily walks and playing sessions; additionally, for their dogs, they reported a lower frequency of aggressive and fearful behaviors and higher trainability scores. In conclusion, compatibility in activity preferences helps explain the benefits of human-animal interaction.
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Cattle lameness is an important welfare concern that also has an economic impact on the dairy industry. It can be a significant problem among pasture-based herds. Our objectives were to identify cow- and herd-level factors related to lameness and hoof lesions in dairy cows grazing year-round in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We performed a cross-sectional study in 48 pasture-based dairy herds, visiting each farm in a single visit. We evaluated 2,262 cows for mobility score (0-3) and 392 cows for hoof lesions. We used a questionnaire and checklist to capture herd management data. All information obtained was used to build multivariable models. The factors associated with lameness were low body condition score, longer time spent in the corral, being kept in paddocks during the drought period, and poor hygiene. For hoof lesions, track features were the most significant factor in determining the likelihood of heel horn erosion, white line fissure, and sole hemorrhage-by more than 3 times. Different factors related to unhygienic conditions such as leg cleanliness, frequency of cleaning, and longer time spent in the corral were associated with infectious hoof lesions. Poor human-animal relationship was related to sole hemorrhage, but patient handling of cows on the track was a protective factor against interdigital hyperplasia. The results of this study suggest that improving hygiene conditions, track features, and cow handling can improve dairy cattle mobility scores in pasture-based farms under tropical conditions. These findings also represent a first step toward planning actions aimed at decreasing lameness and hoof lesions in the studied region.
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Doenças dos Bovinos/etiologia , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Casco e Garras/patologia , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Criação de Animais Domésticos/normas , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Lista de Checagem , Estudos Transversais , Meio Ambiente , Fazendas/classificação , Fazendas/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Marcha , Manobra Psicológica , Higiene , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Registros/veterinária , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Clima TropicalRESUMO
The livelihood of working horses' owners and their families is intimately linked to the welfare of their equids. A proper understanding of human-animal interactions, as well as the main factors that modulate them, is essential for establishing strategies oriented to improve the welfare of animals and their caretakers. To date, there is still a paucity of research dedicated to the identification and assessment of the human psychological attributes that affect the ownerâ»equine interaction, and how these could affect the welfare of working equids. However, some studies have shown that empathy, attitudes towards animals, human perception of animal pain and the owner´s locus of control are some of the psychological attributes that participate in human-equine interactions and that these can result in poor welfare of working equids. A better understanding of the relationship between human attributes and equids' welfare can provide an opportunity to improve the quality of interactions between owners and their working equids and thus improve their welfare. This review aims to explain why the inclusion of human psychological attributes that modulate the human-animal interactions can benefit welfare research in working equids. The role that empathy, perception of animal pain and locus of control play in the promotion of good welfare in working equids is emphasized.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioral and physiological responses of dairy cows and their interaction with the milker in two types of milking systems. The experiment was conducted in two farms, in the Coração de Jesus city, Brazil, where the surface temperature (TS, °C), rectal temperature (TR, °C), respiratory rate (RR, breaths.min-1) and heart rate (HR, beats.min-1) of 44 crossbred cows during the morning shift on twelve days of data collection at each farm. It was monitored the meteorological variables: the black globe temperature (TGN, °C), air temperature (TAR, °C), relative humidity (RH, %) and wind speed (V, m.s-1). Observations about human behavior, negative patterns (tapping, yelling, and pushing) and positive patterns (talking, groping, and naming) were made without people being aware of their nature. The behavioral data observed in the animals were: vocalization (VOC), defecation (DEF), micturition (MIC) and movement (MOV) and milking time (TOR) was also recorded. The physiological variables were significant among farms, except heart rate. The talking, naming, pushing and shouting actions were not significant, only groping and hitting. The behavior occurrences VOC, MIC, and MOV of cows were low. The TO presented a positive correlation (P <0.01) with TS, TR, and HR and negative correlation (P <0.01) with RR. Under the conditions of this experiment, the type of milking system influenced the physiological responses. The milking system of type "bucket at the bottom" provided greater contact between the milker and the cow, leading to a greater negative interaction reflected by the defecation behavior.(AU)
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Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos , Bem-Estar do Animal , Trabalhadores Rurais , TemperaturaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioral and physiological responses of dairy cows and their interaction with the milker in two types of milking systems. The experiment was conducted in two farms, in the Coração de Jesus city, Brazil, where the surface temperature (TS, °C), rectal temperature (TR, °C), respiratory rate (RR, breaths.min-1) and heart rate (HR, beats.min-1) of 44 crossbred cows during the morning shift on twelve days of data collection at each farm. It was monitored the meteorological variables: the black globe temperature (TGN, °C), air temperature (TAR, °C), relative humidity (RH, %) and wind speed (V, m.s-1). Observations about human behavior, negative patterns (tapping, yelling, and pushing) and positive patterns (talking, groping, and naming) were made without people being aware of their nature. The behavioral data observed in the animals were: vocalization (VOC), defecation (DEF), micturition (MIC) and movement (MOV) and milking time (TOR) was also recorded. The physiological variables were significant among farms, except heart rate. The talking, naming, pushing and shouting actions were not significant, only groping and hitting. The behavior occurrences VOC, MIC, and MOV of cows were low. The TO presented a positive correlation (P <0.01) with TS, TR, and HR and negative correlation (P <0.01) with RR. Under the conditions of this experiment, the type of milking system influenced the physiological responses. The milking system of type "bucket at the bottom" provided greater contact between the milker and the cow, leading to a greater negative interaction reflected by the defecation behavior.
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Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Bem-Estar do Animal , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos , Trabalhadores Rurais , TemperaturaRESUMO
O manejo positivo em novilhas primíparas antes do parto, realizado através de estímulos táteis, pode ser benéfico para o comportamento na rotina de ordenha. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a utilização do estímulo tátil em novilhas leiteiras e seus efeitos no comportamento e produção de leite após o parto. Foram utilizadas 10 novilhas primíparas da raça Holandesa. Metade do grupo recebeu treinamento com estímulo tátil em todas as partes do corpo, enquanto a outra metade não recebeu estimulação (grupo controle). O período de treinamento foi dividido em três fases: inicial, do primeiro ao sexto dia; intermediário, do sétimo ao 12º dia, e final, do 13º ao 23º dia de treinamento. Durante o treinamento foram avaliados, por cinco minutos, movimentação e deslocamento por escores. Também foram registradas medidas fisiológicas [frequência respiratória (FR) e temperatura do olho mínima (TOmín) através da câmera termográfica]. Após o parto, as novilhas foram levadas para a primeira ordenha, quando foram iniciadas as avaliações durante os 10 primeiros dias de ordenha (20 ordenhas consecutivas). As avaliações comportamentais dos animais foram realizadas atribuindo-se escore de reatividade 1 (comportamentos desejáveis) e 2 (comportamentos indesejáveis): entrada na baia, assepsia dos tetos, ordenha de jato de leite para teste de mastite, momento de colocação das teteiras e processo de retirada do leite, além da quantidade de leite produzida. As médias da TOmín e da FR decresceram no decorrer do período de treinamento. Foi observada diferença significativa para o escore de deslocamento (P=0,019), com redução do deslocamento do período inicial para o final (60,0% para 25,7%). Na colocação das teteiras, as novilhas estimuladas apresentaram menor reatividade (P=0,002), com menor frequência de comportamento indesejável (12,0%), do que as novilhas não estimuladas (30,2%). A curva de produção de leite média para os primeiros 60 dias de lactação do grupo das novilhas...(AU)
The positive management of primiparous heifers before calving through tactile stimulation may have beneficial effects on behavior during routine milking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of tactile stimulation in dairy heifers and its effects on behavior and milk production after calving. Ten primiparous Holstein heifers were used. Half the group received training with tactile stimulation of all body regions, while the other group did not receive stimulation (control group). The training period was divided into three phases: early, days 1 to 6 of training; intermediate: days 7 to 12, and final, days 13 to 23. During training, movement and displacement scores were obtained over a period of 5 minutes. Physiological parameters were also recorded [respiratory rate (FR) and minimum eye temperature (ETmin) measured with a thermal imaging camera]. After calving, the heifers were submitted to first milking when the evaluations were started for the first 10 days of milking (20 consecutive milkings). The behavior of the animals was evaluated by attributing a reactivity score of 1 (desirable behaviors) or 2 (undesirable behaviors): entry into the pen, teat disinfection, milking one or two jets of milk for mastitis testing, attachment of teat cups, and removal of milk, as well as the amount of milk produced. Mean ETmin and FR decreased over the training period. A significant difference was observed for displacement score (P=0.019), with a reduction in displacement from the early to the final period (from 60.0% to 25.7%). During the attachment of teat cups, stimulated heifers were less reactive (P=0.002), characterized by a lower frequency of undesirable behaviors (12.0%), than unstimulated heifers (30.2%). The average milk yield during the first 60 days of lactation was higher for the group of stimulated heifers (Ln y=2.200.0102t+0.331lnt, R2=0.76) compared to unstimulated heifers (Ln y=1.540.0191x+0.578lnx, R2=0.79), with this...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Leite , Lactação , Período Pós-Parto , Comportamento Animal , Estimulação FísicaRESUMO
O manejo positivo em novilhas primíparas antes do parto, realizado através de estímulos táteis, pode ser benéfico para o comportamento na rotina de ordenha. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a utilização do estímulo tátil em novilhas leiteiras e seus efeitos no comportamento e produção de leite após o parto. Foram utilizadas 10 novilhas primíparas da raça Holandesa. Metade do grupo recebeu treinamento com estímulo tátil em todas as partes do corpo, enquanto a outra metade não recebeu estimulação (grupo controle). O período de treinamento foi dividido em três fases: inicial, do primeiro ao sexto dia; intermediário, do sétimo ao 12º dia, e final, do 13º ao 23º dia de treinamento. Durante o treinamento foram avaliados, por cinco minutos, movimentação e deslocamento por escores. Também foram registradas medidas fisiológicas [frequência respiratória (FR) e temperatura do olho mínima (TOmín) através da câmera termográfica]. Após o parto, as novilhas foram levadas para a primeira ordenha, quando foram iniciadas as avaliações durante os 10 primeiros dias de ordenha (20 ordenhas consecutivas). As avaliações comportamentais dos animais foram realizadas atribuindo-se escore de reatividade 1 (comportamentos desejáveis) e 2 (comportamentos indesejáveis): entrada na baia, assepsia dos tetos, ordenha de jato de leite para teste de mastite, momento de colocação das teteiras e processo de retirada do leite, além da quantidade de leite produzida. As médias da TOmín e da FR decresceram no decorrer do período de treinamento. Foi observada diferença significativa para o escore de deslocamento (P=0,019), com redução do deslocamento do período inicial para o final (60,0% para 25,7%). Na colocação das teteiras, as novilhas estimuladas apresentaram menor reatividade (P=0,002), com menor frequência de comportamento indesejável (12,0%), do que as novilhas não estimuladas (30,2%). A curva de produção de leite média para os primeiros 60 dias de lactação do grupo das novilhas...
The positive management of primiparous heifers before calving through tactile stimulation may have beneficial effects on behavior during routine milking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of tactile stimulation in dairy heifers and its effects on behavior and milk production after calving. Ten primiparous Holstein heifers were used. Half the group received training with tactile stimulation of all body regions, while the other group did not receive stimulation (control group). The training period was divided into three phases: early, days 1 to 6 of training; intermediate: days 7 to 12, and final, days 13 to 23. During training, movement and displacement scores were obtained over a period of 5 minutes. Physiological parameters were also recorded [respiratory rate (FR) and minimum eye temperature (ETmin) measured with a thermal imaging camera]. After calving, the heifers were submitted to first milking when the evaluations were started for the first 10 days of milking (20 consecutive milkings). The behavior of the animals was evaluated by attributing a reactivity score of 1 (desirable behaviors) or 2 (undesirable behaviors): entry into the pen, teat disinfection, milking one or two jets of milk for mastitis testing, attachment of teat cups, and removal of milk, as well as the amount of milk produced. Mean ETmin and FR decreased over the training period. A significant difference was observed for displacement score (P=0.019), with a reduction in displacement from the early to the final period (from 60.0% to 25.7%). During the attachment of teat cups, stimulated heifers were less reactive (P=0.002), characterized by a lower frequency of undesirable behaviors (12.0%), than unstimulated heifers (30.2%). The average milk yield during the first 60 days of lactation was higher for the group of stimulated heifers (Ln y=2.200.0102t+0.331lnt, R2=0.76) compared to unstimulated heifers (Ln y=1.540.0191x+0.578lnx, R2=0.79), with this...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Lactação , Leite , Período Pós-Parto , Estimulação FísicaRESUMO
In a fragment of Atlantic Forest in Eldorado, Mato Grosso do Sul, Central-West Region of Brazil, a juvenile tayra (Eira barbara) spontaneously approached the observer while he was coursing a trail alone. The animal walked in a normal pace and, upon reaching his boots, alternatingly sniffed them and receded afterwards, assuming a posture that much resembles the play bow, a play signal displayed almost exclusively by canids. This is a rare report of a free-living animal that sought interaction with a human in a non-agonistic manner, instead of avoiding it as expected. It may also be one of the few examples of interspecific play in the wild, in case the observed posture was indeed a play bow. Interactions between humans and other animals are usually observed in situations in which the animal is used to the presence of people and often obtains food from these interactions, or when humans are not recognized as threatening by the animal. None of these scenarios seem to explain the observed behavior; individual traits such as boldness or, most likely, exploratoriness, on the other hand, may do so.
Em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica em Eldorado, Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro-Oeste do Brasil, testemunhou-se a aproximação espontânea de uma irara (Eira barbara) jovem ao observador. Ao alcançar suas botas, alternadamente as cheirava e depois recuava, assumindo uma postura muito semelhante ao play bow, utilizado quase exclusivamente por canídeos como sinal de brincadeira. Trata-se de um raro relato em que o animal procurou a interação com o humano de maneira não agonística, ao invés de evitá-la como seria esperado. Pode ser também um dos poucos exemplos de brincadeira interespecífica na natureza, caso a postura observada seja de fato um play bow. Interações entre humanos e outros animais são comumente observadas quando o animal está acostumado com a presença de pessoas e frequentemente obtém recompensas dessas interações, ou quando humanos não são reconhecidos como ameaça pelo animal. Nenhuma dessas situações parece explicar o comportamento observado, enquanto traços individuais, como coragem e, principalmente, tendência a explorar, podem.