RESUMO

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender como está configurada a produção do conhecimento sobre o remo no campo da Educação Física. Através da técnica Estado da Arte, realizou-se um levantamento das produções acadêmicas sobre o remo no período de 2000 a 2018, utilizando como palavras-chave remo e rowing. Foram encontrados 37 estudos. Para a análise, determinou-se as seguintes categorias: quantidade de estudos por ano, perspectiva (geral ou histórico-cultural), região, área de conhecimento e idioma. A área da Educação Física, dentre tantas outras áreas que poderiam fomentar e desenvolver estudos sobre o remo e sobre esporte em geral, concentra a maioria das produções. Ou seja, o remo, sobretudo no que diz respeito a sua compreensão, tornou-se um tema da tradição e da cultura dessa área de conhecimento chamada Educação Física. Tais dados indicam que os estudos históricos representam um produtivo subcampo de conhecimento da Educação Física.

This article aims to understand the production of knowledge about rowing in the field of Physical Education is configured. Through the State of the Art technique, a data survey of the academic productions about rowing was carried out from 2000 to 2018, using remo and rowing as keywords. A number of 37 studies were found. For the analysis, the following categories were determined: number of studies per year, perspective (general or historical-cultural), region, area of knowledge and language. The Physical Education area, among many other areas that could promote and develop studies on rowing and sport in general, concentrates most of the productions. That is, rowing, especially with regard to its understanding, became a theme of tradition and culture of this area of knowledge called Physical Education. This data indicates that historical studies represent a productive subfield of knowledge in Physical Education.The main results indicate that Physical Education is the main field of production of rowing studies and that historical studies reach the same amount of production relative to the general aspects.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender cómo está configurada la producción del conocimiento sobre el remo en el campo de la Educación Física. Com la técnica Estado del Arte, se realizó un levantamiento de las producciones académicas sobre el remo en el período de 2000 a 2018, utilizando como palabras clave remo y rowing. Se encontraron 37 estudios. Para el análisis, se determinaron categorías: cantidad de estudios por año, perspectiva (general o histórico-cultural), región, área de conocimiento e idioma. El área de Educación Física, entre tantas otras áreas que podrían fomentar y desarrollar estudios sobre el remo y sobre el deporte en general, concentra la mayoría de las producciones. Es decir, el remo se ha convertido en un tema de la tradición y la cultura de esa área de conocimiento llamada Educación Física. Tales datos indican que los estudios históricos representan un productivo subcampo de conocimiento de la Educación Física.

RESUMO

In early twentieth-century Brazil the proponents of human milk banking considered this development to signal the end of wet nursing and the start of a whole new day, one altogether better for the paid donors of human milk, their children, and the children in need of human milk. But wet nursing persisted alongside the new human milk banks for most of the twentieth century. Moreover, as this paper argues, the organizers and directors of milk banks drew on and constructed ideas about wet nursing, and about the generations of poor Afro-Brazilian women who had performed this labor, in the design and operation of the first milk banks.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Brazil imported more enslaved Africans than any other slave-owning society in the Americas, and it was the last country in the western hemisphere to abolish the institution. Whereas many enslaved persons toiled on plantations and in mines, urban slavery was also prominent, with enslaved men carrying coffee through the streets and enslaved women washing clothes. One gendered aspect of urban slavery in 19th-century Brazil included slave owners renting out enslaved women as wet nurses to breastfeed the children of elite families. This article reviews medical dissertations, debates, and journal articles, as well as advertisements for wet nurses, showing that physicians believed that enslaved women's milk was both nutritionally and morally inferior to white women's milk. In the latter half of the 19th century, physicians viewed abolition as the only answer to what they deemed the increasingly "dangerous" practice of enslaved wet nursing, which they believed was the root cause of high infant mortality rates across races and classes. Readers should consider the ethical dilemmas of the practice of enslaved wet nursing, which often resulted in the violent separation of mother and child.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Desde hace más de una década, la violencia escolar ocupa un lugar importante entre las problemáticas investigadas en el campo de la educación. En este artículo, se presentan algunos de los principales hallazgos de una investigación cuyo objetivo general consistió en analizar el fenómeno desde una perspectiva histórica. El estudio fue realizado en tres escuelas públicas de nivel medio de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Se emplearon como fuentes de información los documentos disponibles en los archivos de las escuelas seleccionadas, correspondientes al período 1969-2010. El análisis permitió comprobar que la violencia escolar no fue un problema de peso sino hasta la década del noventa. A su vez, se observó su íntima asociación con procesos más amplios de deterioro de la vida social.

For over a decade, school violence has occupied an important place in educational research. This article presents some of the main findings of a study that had the overall objective of analyzing the phenomenon of school violence from a historical perspective. This study examined three public high schools in Buenos Aires (Argentina). Documents available in the schools' archives from the period 1969-2010 were used as sources of information. The analysis concludes that school violence wasn't an important problem until the nineties. The association of school violence with a general deterioration of social relations was also observed

Há mais de uma década, a violência nas escolas ocupa um lugar importante entre as questões investigadas no campo da educação. Neste artigo, são apresentados alguns dos principais resultados de uma investigação cujo objetivo geral foi analisar o fenômeno a partir de uma perspectiva histórica. O estudo foi realizado em três escolas de ensino médio públicas na província de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Foram usados, como fontes de informação, documentos disponíveis nos arquivos das escolas selecionadas, para o período 1969-2010. A análise constatou que a violência escolar não era um questão importante antes dos anos noventa. Observou-se também sua estreita associação com processos mais amplos de deterioração da vida social.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Looking closely at an Argentine dream interpretation column published in a popular women's magazine from 1948 to 1951, this article examines the role of the dream image in shaping psychoanalytic discourse on femininity and national identity. The column, 'Psychoanalysis Will Help You,' emerged during Juan Domingo Perón's first presidency, featuring verbal interpretations written under the pen name 'Richard Rest,' as well as surreal photomontages by Grete Stern, a German-born, Bauhaus-trained photographer living in exile since 1936. While the column's Jungian text encourages readers' adaptation to the external reality of their social situation, Stern's droll images emphasize the disjuncture between subject and environment, exposing tensions between the experience of exile and the Peronist mission to consolidate an Argentine national identity. Experimenting formally with European avant-garde techniques, Stern presents femininity and nation as conflictive imaginary configurations. This theme resurfaces at the 2013 Venice Biennale, where Nicola Costantino's multimedia installation Eva - Argentina: A Contemporary Metaphor was exhibited alongside Carl Jung's Red Book. Formal contrasts between Stern's use of photomontage, Costantino's projection technique, and Jung's theory of mandala symbolism indicate the divergent ways in which their artwork posits the therapeutic function of the dream image, as well as the role of aesthetic production in psychoanalytic care.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Histories of nursing that disregard their linkage to broader historical movements often lead to historically detached versions of nursing identity that omit the perspective of their sources and the ideas of their time. Drawing on materials retrieved through a multilayered research strategy comprising internal and external sources, this article examines the development of a nursing identity in Chile during the period starting in the 1950s through the early 2000s. We analysed the sociopolitical contexts in which the nursing profession grew, the changing direction of its role and how the nursing identity transformed itself. Through the use of historical sources and oral testimonies, we aim to give a nuanced account of how the history of public health and that of the country more broadly changed the object of identification of nurses, creating only relatively recently a sense of nursing community. Processes of identification, fragmentation and integration are highlighted, which challenge usual notions of history as a linear process.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Se identifican las particularidades de los estudios históricos de Ciencias de la Información en Cuba en la Revista Cubana de Información en Ciencias de la Salud y los trabajos de diploma de la Licenciatura de Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad de La Habana durante el período de 2000 a 2010. Se emplea el método bibliométrico y el análisis de redes sociales en la caracterización de la temática a partir de la producción científica en los artículos publicados en la Revista Cubana de Información en Ciencias de la Salud y los trabajos de diploma producidos por la carrera de Ciencias de la Información en la Universidad de La Habana durante el período. Los autores de mayor actividad científica son reconocidos en el ámbito académico por sus aportes al desarrollo de estudios históricos de las Ciencias de la Información en Cuba. El comportamiento de la temática manifiesta un predominio de autoría simple, tutoría simple y bajos índices de coautoría. Las subtemáticas muestran un énfasis en el campo bibliotecológico cubano a partir de la historiografía de las bibliotecas, el movimiento bibliográfico, las personalidades, la formación, y la literatura científica. La producción científica analizada presentó un alcance temático limitado, circunscrito a un mismo espacio temporal y geográfico y concentrado en un pequeño número de investigadores. La producción científica sobre los estudios históricos de Ciencias de la Información constituye un frente de investigación en desarrollo en el contexto cubano(AU)

The special features of the historical studies about information sciences in Cuba are identified from the Cuban Journal of Information in Health Sciences and the diploma papers for the Bachelor's degree in Information Sciences from the University of Havana during the period from 2000 to 2010. The bibliometric method and the analysis of social networks were used to characterize the topic starting from the scientific production in the articles published by the Revista Cubana de Informacion en Ciencias de la Salud and the diploma papers for the Bachelor's degree in Information Sciences from the University of Havana during the period. The authors with the greatest scientific activity are recognized in the academic field because of their contribution to the historical studies on information sciences development in Cuba. The behavior of the topic shows a prevalence of single authorship, single advisorship, and low rates of co-authorship. The subtopics show an emphasis on the field of Cuban library science, starting from the historiography of libraries, bibliography movement, personalities, training, and scientific literature. The scientific production analyzed presented a limited thematic scope, restricted to single time and geographical space and reduced to a small number of researchers. Scientific production on historical studies in information sciences is a developing research front in the Cuban context(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Se identifican las particularidades de los estudios históricos de Ciencias de la Información en Cuba en la Revista Cubana de Información en Ciencias de la Salud y los trabajos de diploma de la Licenciatura de Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad de La Habana durante el período de 2000 a 2010. Se emplea el método bibliométrico y el análisis de redes sociales en la caracterización de la temática a partir de la producción científica en los artículos publicados en la Revista Cubana de Información en Ciencias de la Salud y los trabajos de diploma producidos por la carrera de Ciencias de la Información en la Universidad de La Habana durante el período. Los autores de mayor actividad científica son reconocidos en el ámbito académico por sus aportes al desarrollo de estudios históricos de las Ciencias de la Información en Cuba. El comportamiento de la temática manifiesta un predominio de autoría simple, tutoría simple y bajos índices de coautoría. Las subtemáticas muestran un énfasis en el campo bibliotecológico cubano a partir de la historiografía de las bibliotecas, el movimiento bibliográfico, las personalidades, la formación, y la literatura científica. La producción científica analizada presentó un alcance temático limitado, circunscrito a un mismo espacio temporal y geográfico y concentrado en un pequeño número de investigadores. La producción científica sobre los estudios históricos de Ciencias de la Información constituye un frente de investigación en desarrollo en el contexto cubano.

The special features of the historical studies about information sciences in Cuba are identified from the Cuban Journal of Information in Health Sciences and the diploma papers for the Bachelor's degree in Information Sciences from the University of Havana during the period from 2000 to 2010. The bibliometric method and the analysis of social networks were used to characterize the topic starting from the scientific production in the articles published by the Revista Cubana de Información en Ciencias de la Salud and the diploma papers for the Bachelor's degree in Information Sciences from the University of Havana during the period. The authors with the greatest scientific activity are recognized in the academic field because of their contribution to the historical studies on information sciences development in Cuba. The behavior of the topic shows a prevalence of single authorship, single advisorship, and low rates of co-authorship. The subtopics show an emphasis on the field of Cuban library science, starting from the historiography of libraries, bibliography movement, personalities, training, and scientific literature. The scientific production analyzed presented a limited thematic scope, restricted to single time and geographical space and reduced to a small number of researchers. Scientific production on historical studies in information sciences is a developing research front in the Cuban context.

Identificam-se as particularidades dos estudos históricos de Ciências da Informação em Cuba na Revista Cubana de Informação em Ciências da Saúde e os trabalhos de diploma da Licenciatura de Ciências da Informação da Universidade de La Habana durante o período de 2000 até ao 2010. Emprega-se o método bibliométrico e a análise de redes sociais na caracterização da temática a partir da produção científica nos artigos publicados na Revista Cubana de Informação em Ciências da Saúde e os trabalhos de diploma produzidos pela Carreira de Ciências da Informação na Universidade de La Habana durante o período. Os autores de maior atividade científica são reconhecidos no âmbito acadêmico por seus aportes ao desenvolvimento de estudos históricos das Ciências da Informação em Cuba. O comportamento da temática manifesta um predomínio de autoria simples, tutoramento simples e baixos índices de coautoria. As subtemáticas mostram uma ênfase no campo bibliotecológico cubano a partir da historiografia das bibliotecas, o movimento bibliográfico, as personalidades, a formação, e a literatura científica. A produção científica analisada apresentou um alcance temático limitado, circunscrito a um mesmo espaço temporário e geográfico, concentrado em um pequeno número de investigadores. A produção científica sobre os estudos históricos de Ciências da Informação constitui uma frente de investigação em desenvolvimento no contexto cubano.

RESUMO

O presente artigo propõe uma análise histórica sobre os principais fatos relacionados à candidatura, eleição e realização dos Jogos Olímpicos de 1968 na Cidade do México, verificando a presença ou ausência desses e de outros debates no jornal Folha de S.Paulo do ano de 1968, nos relatórios oficiais emitidos pelo Comitê Organizador do evento e na literatura científica. Assim, foram identificados e descritos o processo de candidatura e eleição da Cidade do México, assim como os debates acerca da altitude e as manifestações político-sociais durante o processo de preparação e realização do evento - especificamente ao chamado Massacre de Tlatelolco e ao ato de levantar os punhos dos atletas Tommy Smith e John Carlos no pódio olímpico. Sem a pretensão de esgotar a descrição dos acontecimentos daquele evento, tais fatos apontam para relevantes indícios daquela edição dos Jogos Olímpicos. Apesar da especificidade histórica daquele contexto político e esportivo, alguns debates permanecem como desafios para as cidades sedes e para as instituições esportivas mesmo após quase meio século.

This article proposes an historical analysis of the main facts regarding the bid, selection and host of the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City. In this process, the presence or absence of these and other facts were verified on the newspaper Folha de S.Paulo of the year of 1968, on the official documents of the 1968 Organizing Committee and at the scientific literature. Then, we have identified and described the bid and selection process of Mexico City, as well as the debates on altitude and the social and political manifestations - specifically, the Tlatelolco Massacre and the raised fists of Tommy Smith and John Carlos at the Olympic podium. The facts were not depleted, but we understand that the description points to relevant evidence on those Games. Even considering the historical specificity of that political and sportive context, some of the debates remain as challenges for host cities and sport organizing bodies after almost fifty years.

Assuntos

RESUMO

AIMS: A discussion of recently discovered literature that reveals how after the Crimean War ended in 1856, Jamaican nurse, doctress and entrepreneur Mary Seacole travelled more widely and gained further international recognition than had previously been appreciated. BACKGROUND: New findings demonstrate that Seacole's international charitable and business activities were reported more widely than realised. Recently discovered literature uncovers her networking and strategic skills in various social milieus. A former Scutari nurse and 39 other women, offered their service to Seacole to nurse British soldiers in India. Newspapers also reported the medal she had been awarded from the Turkish government. DESIGN: Discussion paper. DATA SOURCES: Digitized 19th-century newspaper reports, and 1857 Dutch and 1858 French translations of Seacole's autobiography and a recently discovered handwritten letter dated 1 October 1857 from Seacole to Sir Henry Storks, at the time Secretary for Military Correspondence at the War Office, London. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Awareness of the findings affords a more thorough understanding of the scope and diversity of nursing history. This can provide valuable role models for the 21st century generations of competent and self-confident healthcare professionals. The new evidence offers further testimony that Seacole can truly be considered as one such figurehead. CONCLUSIONS: British and international primary sources reveal Mary Seacole as an historical and charismatic global phenomenon, more than had been previously realised.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Los profesionales de la salud deben ponderar el papel de la Historia en el proceso formativo en las ciencias de la salud, porque juega un papel fundamental como fuente imprescindible para la formación ideológica y profesional de sus educandos. Se realizó la preparación de una conferencia pre evento con vistas al fórum estudiantil de Historia, los eventos municipales patriótico-militar y juvenil martiano en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas "Lidia Doce Sánchez" en el curso escolar 2010-2011; con el propósito de argumentar por qué la investigación histórica debe realizarse desde la óptica de la Historia como ciencia y como disciplina académica. La conferencia fue preparada por un grupo de profesores con una formación de base heterogénea para significar el valor de la Historia para cualquier profesional independientemente de su especialidad. La preparación de la actividad fue catalogada de excelente por un grupo de especialistas en ciencias sociales.

The health professionals should ponder the role of History in the formative process of the health sciences, because it plays an important role in the ideological and professional formation of the students. A pre-event lecture was prepared in Sagua medical college, for the History forum of the students, the municipality events about José Marti by youngsters and the patriotic-military event, in the academic year 2010-2011, with the objective to state why the historical research works should be done under the scope of history as a science and as an academic discipline. The lecture was prepared by a group of professors who have a heterogeneous formation to stand out the value of History for all professionals regardless the specialty they have. The preparation of this activity was considered as excellent by a group of social sciences specialists.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Se exponen brevemente los conceptos fundamentales de la historia como ciencia social, tales como su objeto, sujeto y fin y la màs abarcadora concepción de la filosofía de la historia. Se exponen también sus métodos de investigación como el analítico-sintético, en que juega un gran papel la síntesis heurística que lleva de lo general a lo particular (deductiva) y que es el método histórico por excelencia, pero completàndolo con la síntesis hermenéutica de lo particular a lo general (inductiva). Se destaca la importancia de submétodos como el cronológico, geogràfico y etnogràfico. Se citan y explican otras ciencias auxiliares fundamentales como la arqueología, la paleografía, la epistemología o gnoseología, la numismàtica, la diplomàtica, la sigilografía o esfragística, la heràldica, la genealogía, la iconografía, la filatelia y la antropología; también de las fuentes escritas y orales en la investigación histórica, sin menospreciar las tradiciones y los monumentos y las diferentes maneras de reseñar la historia como las crónicas, las efemérides, las décadas, las memorias y sobre todo el ensayo histórico. Se presenta la muy utilizada división de la historia en universal, general, nacional, provincial, local, institucional, genealógica, biogràfica y autobiogrßfica, ilustràndolas lo màs posible con ejemplos de obras de autores cubanos, para terminar con la exposición de las periodicidades màs frecuentemente empleadas por historiadores burgueses y marxistas(AU)

This paper briefly presented the main concepts of history as social science, its object, subject and aims, the most comprehensive conception of the philosophy of history as well as the research methods of this science such as the analytical-synthetic method - the historical method par excellence- in which heuristic synthesis going from generalization to particularization (deductive) plays the major role, supplemented with the hermeneutic synthesis going from particularization to generalization (inductive). The importance of the chronological, geographical and ethnographic sub-methods was underlined. Other fundamental associated sciences like archeology, paleography, epistemiology or gnoseology, numismatics, diplomacy, sigillography, heraldry, genealogy, iconography, philately and anthropology were mentioned and explained. Also, written and oral sources of historical research including traditions, monuments and a variety of ways to history review, memoirs and historical assays were taken into consideration. The commonly used classification of history into universal, general, national, provincial, local, institutional, genealogical, biographical and autobiographical was provided and exemplified as much as possible with the works by Cuban authors. Finally, the most frequent periodization used by bourgeois and marxist historians was set out(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Se exponen brevemente los conceptos fundamentales de la historia como ciencia social, tales como su objeto, sujeto y fin y la màs abarcadora concepción de la filosofía de la historia. Se exponen también sus métodos de investigación como el analítico-sintético, en que juega un gran papel la síntesis heurística que lleva de lo general a lo particular (deductiva) y que es el método histórico por excelencia, pero completàndolo con la síntesis hermenéutica de lo particular a lo general (inductiva). Se destaca la importancia de submétodos como el cronológico, geogràfico y etnogràfico. Se citan y explican otras ciencias auxiliares fundamentales como la arqueología, la paleografía, la epistemología o gnoseología, la numismàtica, la diplomàtica, la sigilografía o esfragística, la heràldica, la genealogía, la iconografía, la filatelia y la antropología; también de las fuentes escritas y orales en la investigación histórica, sin menospreciar las tradiciones y los monumentos y las diferentes maneras de reseñar la historia como las crónicas, las efemérides, las décadas, las memorias y sobre todo el ensayo histórico. Se presenta la muy utilizada división de la historia en universal, general, nacional, provincial, local, institucional, genealógica, biogràfica y autobiogrßfica, ilustràndolas lo màs posible con ejemplos de obras de autores cubanos, para terminar con la exposición de las periodicidades màs frecuentemente empleadas por historiadores burgueses y marxistas

This paper briefly presented the main concepts of history as social science, its object, subject and aims, the most comprehensive conception of the philosophy of history as well as the research methods of this science such as the analytical-synthetic method - the historical method par excellence- in which heuristic synthesis going from generalization to particularization (deductive) plays the major role, supplemented with the hermeneutic synthesis going from particularization to generalization (inductive). The importance of the chronological, geographical and ethnographic sub-methods was underlined. Other fundamental associated sciences like archeology, paleography, epistemiology or gnoseology, numismatics, diplomacy, sigillography, heraldry, genealogy, iconography, philately and anthropology were mentioned and explained. Also, written and oral sources of historical research including traditions, monuments and a variety of ways to history review, memoirs and historical assays were taken into consideration. The commonly used classification of history into universal, general, national, provincial, local, institutional, genealogical, biographical and autobiographical was provided and exemplified as much as possible with the works by Cuban authors. Finally, the most frequent periodization used by bourgeois and marxist historians was set out

Assuntos

RESUMO

É evidente o crescente interesse de analistas do comportamento pela história da disciplina e, conseqüentemente, pela pesquisa histórica. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho se propõe a discutir algumas considerações sobre a história da ciência e a historiografia da ciência, com intuito de trazer contribuições dessas disciplinas para a pesquisa histórica em análise do comportamento. Para isso, são apresentadas algumas questões centrais nas discussões e produção sobre a história da ciência e historiografia da ciência, como a querela internalismo X externalismo, o uso de formulações presentistas que recorrem ao conhecimento atual de uma disciplina científica de forma tendenciosa e a definição de fontes históricas. Ao mesmo tempo, recorrer-se-á a exemplos de pesquisas históricas em análise do comportamento e behaviorismo para exemplificar e discutir alguns aspectos críticos que envolvem esse tipo de investigação.

The increasing interest of behavior analysts for the history of this discipline and, consequently, for historical research. Thus, this work is aimed at discussing some considerations about history and historiography of science, with the intent of bringing contributions from these disciplines to the historical research in beharior analysis. For this, some key issues and the production on the history of science and historiography of science will be presented, such as, the complaint on internalism X externalism, the use of whiggist formulations which appeal to the current knowledge of a scientific discipline on a biased approach, and to the definition of historical sources. At the same time, examples of historical research in behavior analysis and behaviorism will be raised to argue on some critical aspects that involve this type of inquiry.

Assuntos