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This work presents the effect of CeO2 nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) on Cu-50Ni-5Al alloys on morphological, microstructural, degradation, and electrochemical behavior at high temperatures. The samples obtained by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering were exposed to a molten eutectic mixture of Li2CO3-K2CO3 for 504 h. The degradation of the materials was analyzed using gravimetry measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Different characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, were used to investigate the phase composition, parameter lattice, and microstructure of Cu-Ni-Al alloys reinforced with CeO2-NPs. The hardness of the composite was also examined using the Vickers hardness test. Gravimetry measurements revealed that the sample with 1 wt.% CeO2-NPs presented the best response to degradation with a less drastic mass variation. Impedance analysis also revealed that by adding 1 wt.% CeO2-NPs, the impedance modulus increased, which is related to a lower porosity of the oxide film or a thicker oxide layer. The microhardness also significantly increased, incorporating 1 wt.% CeO2-NPs, which reduced with higher CeO2-NPs content, which is possibly associated with a more uniform distribution using 1 wt.% CeO2-NPs in the Cu-Ni-Al matrix that avoided the aggregation phenomenon.

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Significant research is being conducted on new materials suitable for dosimetry in recent decades with particular focus on their luminescent properties. For instance, a new ceramic detector, aluminum oxide 520 (ALOX-520), was developed at CDTN in 2011 using the sol-gel method. The detectors were doped with C, Fe, Mg, Ca, Cr, Ni, and Mo impurities that generated the necessary dosimetric trap levels to enhance the luminescence effects. Consequently, the resultant material was appropriate for the quantification of ionizing radiation fields by both thermally and optically stimulated luminescence techniques. Originally, ALOX 520 was sintered at 2023 K under a highly reducing atmosphere. At the end of this process, it exhibited important dosimetric properties, as already described in existing literature. The objective of this study is to conduct tests at higher temperatures in vacuum to investigate the effect of thermal treatments under these conditions on the structural and dosimetric properties of the material. Accordingly, ALOX-520 was re-sintered at high temperatures and the changes in its physical, morphological, and dosimetric properties were analyzed. ALOX 520T exhibited better dosimetric properties in terms of homogeneity, reproducibility, linearity, and signal fading. Physically, an increase in the detection threshold value of ALOX-520T could be linked to a decrease in the sensitivity of this detector. The energy dependence, the thermal quenching correction, and kinetic studies for ALOX-520T conducted as part of this work are original. However, the obtained results are consistent with those reported in the literature for α-Al2O3 ceramic detectors. XRD and XRF analyses demonstrated that the thermal treatment did not change the crystalline structure or composition of the material. All the results indicate that an appropriate thermal treatment could improve the dosimetric properties of the ALOX-520 detector without causing significant changes in its crystalline structure.

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Investigations into the fire resistance of high-strength concrete (HSC) is extremely important to optimize structural design in construction engineering. This work describes the influence of polypropylene fibers on the mechanical properties and durability of HSC at high temperatures (25, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C). HSC specimens with 2 kg/m3 composed of polypropylene fibers are tested in a temperature range of 25 to 800 °C, followed by microstructural analysis. In addition, a statistical analysis is designed to identify the effect of factors, namely temperature and polypropylene fibers, and their interactions on mechanical properties and water absorption, electrical resistivity, mass loss and ultrasonic velocity. Most of the properties are improved by the incorporation of fibers, obtaining highly predictable regression models. However, the polypropylene fibers reduce compressive strength but improve the residual mechanical properties up to 400 °C.

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5-methyluridine hemihydrate (5 mU) single crystals were synthesized by the slow solvent evaporation method. The physicochemical properties, such as frontier molecular orbitals, global reactivity indices and vibrational were computationally studied through density functional theory (DFT). In addition, structural, vibrational, and thermal properties were obtained by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PXRD evaluated the structural behavior of 5 mU crystal in the temperature range of 300-460 K. The high-temperature PXRD results suggested that the crystal undergoes two dehydration processes, being a first occurring from the orthorhombic structure (P21212) to triclinic (P1), in which the water losses occurred around 380 K. A second dehydration triggers the change from the triclinic structure to monoclinic (P21) within the 420-435 K temperature range. Furthermore, after this temperature, the anhydrous 5 mU suffers a melting process near 460 K, which is remarkably characterized as an irreversible process. Raman spectroscopy was carried out to identify the vibrational modes linked to the water molecule and the noticeable changes in these bands due to high-temperature effects around 380 K and 410 K. Indeed, changes on Raman bands, such as intensity inversion, the disappearance of bands associated with the hydrogen bonds formed from the water molecules and uracil group, and the ribose group were observed. Finally, this study provided details on the structural and vibrational changes caused by the dehydration of 5 mU crystals and the importance of hydrogen bonds for understanding the intermolecular interactions of the 5 mU, a methylated nucleoside with important biological functions.

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Climate is determinant for grapevine geographical distribution, berry attributes, and wine quality. Due to climate change, a 2−4 °C increase in mean diurnal temperature is predicted by the end of the century for the most important Argentine viticulture region. We hypothesize that such temperature increase will affect color intensity and other quality attributes of red grapes and wines. The present study investigated the effect of high temperature (HT) on anthocyanin concentration and composition, pH, and resveratrol and solids content in berries of three major wine-producing varieties during fruit ripening in two seasons. To this end, a structure that increased mean diurnal temperature by 1.5−2.0 °C at berry sites, compared to Control (C) plants grown without such structure, was implemented in field grown vineyards of Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir. Results revealed a cultivar-dependent response to HT conditions, with Malbec and Pinot Noir berries exhibiting significant decreases in total anthocyanin concentration (TAC) at veraison and harvest, respectively, while Merlot maintained an unaffected pigment content under HT. The decrease in TAC was associated with reduced levels of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin glycosides, and increased ratios of acylated (AA)/non-acylated anthocyanins (NAA), suggesting pigment acylation as a possible stress-response mechanism for attenuating HT negative effects. Under HT, Pinot Noir, which does not produce AA, was the only cultivar with lower TAC at harvest (p < 0.05). pH, resveratrol, and solids content were not affected by HT. Our results predict high, medium, and low plasticity with regard to color quality attributes for Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir, respectively, in the context of climate change.

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KEY MESSAGE: The present study showed that the heat stress (40 °C) caused changes in morphophysiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural parameters to the seeds Melanoxylon brauna, ultimately leading to loss of germination capacity. Temperature is an abiotic factor that influences seed germination. In the present study, we investigated morphophysiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural changes during the germination of Melanoxylon brauna seeds under heat stress. Seed germination was evaluated at constant temperatures of 25 and 40 °C. The samples consisted of seeds soaked in distilled and ionized water for 48 and 96 h at both temperatures. For the evaluation of internal morphology, the seeds were radiographed. Ultrastructural parameters were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glucose, carbonylated proteins, and activity of the enzymes (superoxide dismutase-SOD, ascorbate peroxidase-APX, catalase-CAT, peroxidase-POX, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-G6PDH, lipase, α- and ß-amylase, and protease) were measured by spectrophotometric analysis. An 82% reduction in the germination of M. brauna seeds was observed at 25 °C, and 0% at 40 °C. TEM showed that seeds submitted to heat stress (40 °C) had poorly developed mitochondria and significantly reduced respiration rates. The content of ROS and protein carbonylation in seeds subjected to 40 °C increased compared to that at 25 °C. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, namely SOD, APX, CAT, and POX, was significantly reduced in seeds subjected to heat stress. Glucose content, G6PDH, and lipase activity also decreased when the seeds were exposed to heat stress. Conversely, α- and ß-amylase enzymes and the protease increased due to the increase in temperature. Our data showed that the increase in temperature caused an accumulation of ROS, increasing the oxidative damage to the seeds, which led to mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately leading to loss of germination.

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Recent infrastructure development in China and other developing countries has attracted global attention. As a control project of traffic engineering, tunnels also have rapidly increased. However, fire accidents induced by traffic accident or gas explosion frequently occur in tunnels, causing irreversible damage to the tunnel rocks. Moreover, the corrosive effects of acid rain or polluted groundwater have a long-term effect on the tunnel and surrounding rocks. In this paper, physical and thermophysical properties tests as well as Brazilian splitting test were conducted on red sandstone specimens after heating at a variety of different temperature and acidic solution erosion. The responses of surface features, mass, P wave velocity, porosity and thermal conductivity, and the tensile strength of the red sandstone were compared and analyzed. In addition, the effects of high temperature (25-1000 °C) and acidic solution on microscopic structures, defect morphology, and mineral reaction of the red sandstone were observed and analyzed. The experimental results show that high temperature and acidic chemical solution significantly affects the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass. The typical parameters, such as surface features, mass and P wave velocity, porosity, thermal conductivity, and tensile strength, are closely affected by acidity. In addition, we observed that the physical properties of red sandstones change with temperature and can be divided into three stages, and at 300-800 °C stage, they significantly declined. The results provide a basis for rock damage and failure induced by fire and acidic groundwater seepage in tunnels.

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High ambient temperatures are a challenge for animal production around the world, and they are one of the major reasons for economic and productive losses in pig production. Under stress conditions, the energy contribution to productive functions is reduced, generating health imbalances, decreased productivity rates and changes in animal behavior. Despite the numerous articles published on this subject, the variability of results on performance parameters is high. For this reason, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the actual impact of high ambient temperature (HAT) (29 °C to 35 °C) on growing-finishing pig performance, compared with animals kept in a thermoneutral environment (TNT) (18 °C to 25 °C), based on meta-analysis. Data on average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (FI) and feed gain ratio (F:G) were extracted from 22 (n = 22) papers published in scientific journals. The values were analyzed using an expansion of the t-test, considering the random effect of each study. Results showed that HAT reduced the values of ADG (654.38 vs 595.81 g/d) and FI (2.141 vs 1.875 g/d) when compared with the thermoneutral group. There was no statistical difference between the F:G values for both groups. In conclusion, high ambient temperatures negatively influence performance parameters of growing-finishing pigs when compared with those in thermoneutral conditions.

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Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins constitute a large protein family that is closely associated with resistance to abiotic stresses in multiple organisms and protect cells against drought and other stresses. Azotobacter vinelandii is a soil bacterium that forms desiccation-resistant cysts. This bacterium possesses two genes, here named lea1 and lea2, coding for avLEA1 and avLEA2 proteins, both containing 20-mer motifs characteristic of eukaryotic plant LEA proteins. In this study, we found that disruption of the lea1 gene caused a loss of the cysts' viability after 3 months of desiccation, whereas at 6 months, wild-type or lea2 mutant strain cysts remained viable. Vegetative cells of the lea1 mutant were more sensitive to osmotic stress; cysts developed by this mutant were also more sensitive to high temperatures than cysts or vegetative cells of the wild type or of the lea2 mutant. Expression of lea1 was induced several fold during encystment. In addition, the protective effects of these proteins were assessed in Escherichia coli cells. We found that E. coli cells overexpressing avLEA1 were more tolerant to salt stress than control cells; finally, in vitro analysis showed that avLEA1 protein was able to prevent the freeze thaw-induced inactivation of lactate dehydrogenase. In conclusion, avLEA1 is essential for the survival of A. vinelandii in dry conditions and for protection against hyper-osmolarity, two major stress factors that bacteria must cope with for survival in the environment. This is the first report on the role of bacterial LEA proteins on the resistance of cysts to desiccation.

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Due to high temperatures, practically all coffee farms in the state of Rondonia are of the C. canephora species. Thus, importing arabica coffee from other states becomes necessary for composition of blends, as well as for the specialty or gourmet coffee market. The purpose of this study was to select arabica coffee genotypes that exhibit satisfactory agronomic performance under high temperature conditions. The experiment was conducted in OuroPreto do Oeste, RO, Brazil, with mean annual temperature of 25.8°C and mean annual rainfall of 2300mm year-1. The experiment was composed of 114 arabica coffee genotypes, with 103 progenies and eleven control cultivars, provided by EPAMIG. A randomized block experimental design was used with three replications, spacing of 3.0x1.0 meters and five plants per plot. All the crop seasons showed significant difference for the green coffee yield trait. In joint analysis, significant differences were detected among progenies and control cultivars. In the average of the four harvests, green coffee yield was 32.38 bags ha-1. The cultivars 'CatuaíVermelho IAC 15', 'Obatã IAC 1669-20' and 'Catucaí Amarelo 2SLCAK' stood out, achieving yields greater than 40 bags ha-1. The gain obtained from selection was 14.33 bags ha-1, which is equivalent to an increase of 44.04% in production of green coffee. The progeny H514-7-10-6-2-3-9 stood out with an average yield of 51.20 bags ha-1. In regard to maturation cycle, 56% of the progenies were classified as early maturity and 44% as medium maturity. Late maturity genotypes were not observed.

Devido às temperaturas elevadas, basicamente, todas as lavouras de café no estado de Rondônia são da espécie C. canephora. Desse modo, a importação de café arábica de outros estados faz-se necessária para a composição dos blends, além do mercado de cafés especiais ou gourmets. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar genótipos de café arábica que apresentam desempenho agronômico satisfatório sob condições de temperaturas elevadas. O experimento foi instalado em Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, com temperaturas médias anuais de 25,8°C e precipitação pluvial média de 2.300mm ano-1. O experimento foi composto por 114 genótipos de café arábica, sendo 103 progênies e onze cultivares testemunhas, fornecidas pela EPAMIG. O delineamento foi blocos casualizados com três repetições, espaçamento de 3,0 x 1,0 metros, com cinco plantas por parcela. Todas as safras demonstraram diferença significativa para a característica produtividade de café beneficiado. Na análise conjunta, foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre progênies e entre cultivares testemunhas. Na média das quatro colheitas, a produtividade de café beneficiado foi de 32,38 sacas ha-1. Destaques para as cultivares 'Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15', 'Obatã IAC 1669-20' e 'Catucaí Amarelo 2SLCAK' que alcançaram produtividades acima de 40 sacas ha-1. O ganho de seleção obtido foi de 14,33 sacas ha-1, que equivale a um aumento de 44,04% na produção de café beneficiado. Destaque para a progênie H514-7-10-6-2-3-9, com produtividade média de 51,20 sacas ha-1. Quanto ao ciclo de maturação, 56% das progênies foram classificadas como ciclo precoce e 44% de ciclo intermediário. Não foi observado genótipo de ciclo tardio.

RESUMO

Due to high temperatures, practically all coffee farms in the state of Rondonia are of the C. canephora species. Thus, importing arabica coffee from other states becomes necessary for composition of blends, as well as for the specialty or gourmet coffee market. The purpose of this study was to select arabica coffee genotypes that exhibit satisfactory agronomic performance under high temperature conditions. The experiment was conducted in OuroPreto do Oeste, RO, Brazil, with mean annual temperature of 25.8°C and mean annual rainfall of 2300mm year-1. The experiment was composed of 114 arabica coffee genotypes, with 103 progenies and eleven control cultivars, provided by EPAMIG. A randomized block experimental design was used with three replications, spacing of 3.0x1.0 meters and five plants per plot. All the crop seasons showed significant difference for the green coffee yield trait. In joint analysis, significant differences were detected among progenies and control cultivars. In the average of the four harvests, green coffee yield was 32.38 bags ha-1. The cultivars 'CatuaíVermelho IAC 15', 'Obatã IAC 1669-20' and 'Catucaí Amarelo 2SLCAK' stood out, achieving yields greater than 40 bags ha-1. The gain obtained from selection was 14.33 bags ha-1, which is equivalent to an increase of 44.04% in production of green coffee. The progeny H514-7-10-6-2-3-9 stood out with an average yield of 51.20 bags ha-1. In regard to maturation cycle, 56% of the progenies were classified as early maturity and 44% as medium maturity. Late maturity genotypes were not observed.(AU)

Devido às temperaturas elevadas, basicamente, todas as lavouras de café no estado de Rondônia são da espécie C. canephora. Desse modo, a importação de café arábica de outros estados faz-se necessária para a composição dos blends, além do mercado de cafés especiais ou gourmets. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar genótipos de café arábica que apresentam desempenho agronômico satisfatório sob condições de temperaturas elevadas. O experimento foi instalado em Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, com temperaturas médias anuais de 25,8°C e precipitação pluvial média de 2.300mm ano-1. O experimento foi composto por 114 genótipos de café arábica, sendo 103 progênies e onze cultivares testemunhas, fornecidas pela EPAMIG. O delineamento foi blocos casualizados com três repetições, espaçamento de 3,0 x 1,0 metros, com cinco plantas por parcela. Todas as safras demonstraram diferença significativa para a característica produtividade de café beneficiado. Na análise conjunta, foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre progênies e entre cultivares testemunhas. Na média das quatro colheitas, a produtividade de café beneficiado foi de 32,38 sacas ha-1. Destaques para as cultivares 'Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15', 'Obatã IAC 1669-20' e 'Catucaí Amarelo 2SLCAK' que alcançaram produtividades acima de 40 sacas ha-1. O ganho de seleção obtido foi de 14,33 sacas ha-1, que equivale a um aumento de 44,04% na produção de café beneficiado. Destaque para a progênie H514-7-10-6-2-3-9, com produtividade média de 51,20 sacas ha-1. Quanto ao ciclo de maturação, 56% das progênies foram classificadas como ciclo precoce e 44% de ciclo intermediário. Não foi observado genótipo de ciclo tardio.(AU)

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Introducción: La implementación de modelos animales para el estudio de los tejidos dentales y periodontales de dientes articulados en sus alvéolos sometidos a altas temperaturas permite el establecimiento de parámetros repetitivos que contribuyen con los procesos de identificación. Objetivo: Describir los cambios radiográficos de los tejidos dentales y periodontales de cerdo (Sus domesticus) sometidos a altas temperaturas. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de naturaleza pseudo-experimental in vitro para observar los cambios radiográficos de los tejidos dentales y periodontales en 60 dientes de cerdo doméstico sometidos a altas temperaturas (200, 400, 600, 800 y 1,000 ºC). Resultados: Los tejidos dentales y periodontales estudiados presentan gran resistencia a las altas temperaturas sin variar considerablemente su microestructura, de tal manera que los cambios físicos (estabilidad dimensional, fisuras, grietas y fracturas) que ocurren en la medida que aumenta la temperatura pueden describirse a través de radiografía convencional. Conclusiones: El análisis radiográfico de los dientes articulados en sus respectivos alvéolos se constituye en un mecanismo para determinar la temperatura a la cual estuvo sometido un diente, lo que puede ser empleado durante el proceso de identificación odontológica y documentación de la necropsia médico-legal para el caso de cadáveres o restos humanos quemados, carbonizados e incinerados. El cerdo doméstico (Sus domesticus) se constituye en un modelo animal experimental adecuado para estudiar dichos cambios; sin embargo, se recomienda realizar un estudio en dientes humanos articulados en su respectiva unidad alveolar, para determinar si los hallazgos radiográficos descritos se repiten y son extrapolables.

Introduction: The implementation of animal models for the study of periodontal and dental tissues of teeth articulated into their sockets and subjected to high temperatures allows the establishment of repetitive parameters which might contribute to identification processes. Aim: To describe radiographic changes of pig's (Sus domesticus) periodontal and dental tissues subjected to high temperatures. Material and methods: An in vitro pseudo-experimental, descriptive and observational study was undertaken in order to assess radiological changes of periodontal and dental tissues of 60 domestic pig's teeth which had been subjected to high temperatures (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 ºC). Results: The dental and periodontal tissues subject of this research article presented strong resistance to high temperatures without considerable variation of their micro-structure. Thus, physical changes (dimensional stability, fissures, cracks and fractures) which took place as temperature increased, could be described using a conventional X-ray. Conclusions: Radiographic examination of teeth articulated in their sockets can be established as a mechanism to determine the temperature at which the tooth was subjected. This could be used in processes of dental identification and medical-legal autopsy documentation in cases of burned, carbonized or incinerated human remains. Domestic pigs (Sus domesticus) can be regarded as a suitable experimental animal models to study the aforementioned changes. Nevertheless, a study involving human teeth articulated in their own socket is recommended in order to determine whether the radiographic findings herein described are replicated and can be extrapolated.

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Introducción: durante el proceso de identificación forense de cadáveres y restos humanos quemados, carbonizados o incinerados, el análisis de los materiales empleados en los diferentes tratamientos odontológicos se constituye en un marcador fehaciente para lograr una identificación positiva. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir los cambios radiográficos de postes de titanio y de fibra de vidrio cementados, en premolares humanos sometidos a altas temperaturas con fines forenses. Métodos: estudio pseudo-experimental in vitro que observó los cambios radiográficos de los tejidos dentales (esmalte, dentina y cemento), de los materiales de uso endodóncico gutapercha (Wave One® de Dentsply Maillefer®), material de obturación (Top Seal® de Dentsply Maillefer®), material de cementación de los postes (Relyx TM ARC de 3M ESPE®) y de los postes de titanio (Tenax® Endodontic Post System de Coltene®) y fibra de vidrio (Tenax® Fiber Trans de Coltene®) en 30 dientes humanos, sometidos a cinco rangos de temperatura 200, 400, 600, 800 y 1000ºC. Resultados: los tejidos y los materiales dentales estudiados presentan gran resistencia a las altas temperaturas, sin variar considerablemente su macro-estructura (fisuras, grietas, fracturas y fragmentación), de tal manera que los cambios físicos pueden identificarse a través de radiografía convencional, y asociarse a cada rango de temperatura específico. Conclusiones: los postes cementados en premolares humanos presentan gran resistencia a la acción de altas temperaturas, razón por la cual pueden ser visualizados a través de radiografía convencional, contribuyendo con el proceso de identificación y documentación de la necropsia médico-legal de un cadáver o restos humanos que hayan resultado quemados, incinerados o carbonizados

IIntroduction: during the process of forensic identification of corpses and burnt, carbonized, or incinerated human remains, the analysis of materials used in dental treatments is a reliable marker for accurate identification. The objective of this study was to describe the radiographic changes of titanium and fiberglass posts cemented in human premolars subjected to high temperatures for forensic purposes. Methods: this was a pseudo-experimental in vitro study to observe the radiographic changes of dental tissues (enamel, dentin, and cement) and the following endodontic materials: gutta-percha (Wave One® by Dentsply Maillefer®), obturation material (Top Seal® by Dentsply Maillefer®), post cementation material (Relyx TM ARC by 3M ESPE®), titanium posts (Tenax® Endodontic Post System by Coltene®), and fiberglass posts (Tenax® Fiber Trans by Coltene®) in 30 human teeth subject to five temperature ranges: 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000° C. Results: the studied dental tissues and materials are highly resistant to high temperatures without significantly changing their macrostructure (fissures, cracks, fractures, and fragmentation), in such a way that the physical changes can be identified through conventional radiography and associated with each specific temperature range. Conclusions: posts cemented in human premolars have great resistance to the action of high temperatures, so they can be observed through conventional radiography thus contributing to the process of identification and documentation of the medico-legal autopsy of a corpse or human remains that have been burned, incinerated, or carbonized

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The objective was evaluate the physiological parameters of native goats Canindé and Moxotَ confined according to the diets containing two energy levels. 24 goats were used, males, with average weight of 15.22±1.76 kg, were randomly distributed in a completely casual design in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (two races and two diets). The experimental diets with higher energy level were evaluated: Diet A (2.7 Mcal of ME/kg DM), formulated with forage:concentrate 35:65; and one with lower energy level: Diet B (2,2Mcal of ME/kg DM) and forage:concentrate 70:30. Physiological parameters were measured on the rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR) from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. every three hours. The climate variables were taken throughout the experimental period. There were significant differences between breeds and diets for RR, with higher averages of this parameter to animals of the Canindé breed fed with diet of 2,7Mcal of ME/kg of DM. Environmental variables were elevated from12:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m., however goats of Moxotَ and Canindé breed maintained the RT within normal limits, but with na increase in RR. Animals fed the with diet of 2.7 Mcal of ME/kg DM had higher RR and showed up with a high degree of adapt ability to environmental conditions of the region.

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos de caprinos nativos Canindé e Moxotó, confinados, em função das dietas contendo dois níveis de energia. Foram utilizados 24 caprinos, machos, com peso médio inicial de 15,22 ± 1,76kg, distribuídos aleatoriamente num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x2 (duas raças e duas dietas). Foram avaliadas as dietas experimentais com maior nível energético: Dieta A (2,7 Mcal de EM/kg de MS),formulada com relação volumoso:concentrado 35:65; e outra com menor nível energético: Dieta B (2,2 Mcal de EM/kg de MS) e relação volumoso:concentrado 70:30. Foram aferidos os parâmetros fisiológicos quanto à temperatura retal (TR) efrequência respiratória (FR) das 6:00 h às 21:00 h em intervalos de três horas. As variáveis climáticas foram tomadas durante todo o período experimental. Houvediferença significativa entre as raças e dietas para a FR, com maiores médias desse parâmetro para os animais da raça Canindé alimentado com a dieta de 2,7 Mcal de EM/kg de MS. As variáveis ambientais ficaram elevadas a partir das12:00 h e 15:00 h, no entanto os caprinos da raça Moxotó e Canindé mantiveram TR dentro dos limites normais, mas com aumento da FR. Os animais alimentados com a dieta de 2,7 Mcal de EM/kg de MS obtiveram maior FR e mostraramsecom elevado grau de adaptabilidade as condições ambientais da região.

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The objective was evaluate the physiological parameters of native goats Canindé and Moxotَ confined according to the diets containing two energy levels. 24 goats were used, males, with average weight of 15.22±1.76 kg, were randomly distributed in a completely casual design in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (two races and two diets). The experimental diets with higher energy level were evaluated: Diet A (2.7 Mcal of ME/kg DM), formulated with forage:concentrate 35:65; and one with lower energy level: Diet B (2,2Mcal of ME/kg DM) and forage:concentrate 70:30. Physiological parameters were measured on the rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR) from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. every three hours. The climate variables were taken throughout the experimental period. There were significant differences between breeds and diets for RR, with higher averages of this parameter to animals of the Canindé breed fed with diet of 2,7Mcal of ME/kg of DM. Environmental variables were elevated from12:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m., however goats of Moxotَ and Canindé breed maintained the RT within normal limits, but with na increase in RR. Animals fed the with diet of 2.7 Mcal of ME/kg DM had higher RR and showed up with a high degree of adapt ability to environmental conditions of the region.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos de caprinos nativos Canindé e Moxotó, confinados, em função das dietas contendo dois níveis de energia. Foram utilizados 24 caprinos, machos, com peso médio inicial de 15,22 ± 1,76kg, distribuídos aleatoriamente num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x2 (duas raças e duas dietas). Foram avaliadas as dietas experimentais com maior nível energético: Dieta A (2,7 Mcal de EM/kg de MS),formulada com relação volumoso:concentrado 35:65; e outra com menor nível energético: Dieta B (2,2 Mcal de EM/kg de MS) e relação volumoso:concentrado 70:30. Foram aferidos os parâmetros fisiológicos quanto à temperatura retal (TR) efrequência respiratória (FR) das 6:00 h às 21:00 h em intervalos de três horas. As variáveis climáticas foram tomadas durante todo o período experimental. Houvediferença significativa entre as raças e dietas para a FR, com maiores médias desse parâmetro para os animais da raça Canindé alimentado com a dieta de 2,7 Mcal de EM/kg de MS. As variáveis ambientais ficaram elevadas a partir das12:00 h e 15:00 h, no entanto os caprinos da raça Moxotó e Canindé mantiveram TR dentro dos limites normais, mas com aumento da FR. Os animais alimentados com a dieta de 2,7 Mcal de EM/kg de MS obtiveram maior FR e mostraramsecom elevado grau de adaptabilidade as condições ambientais da região.(AU)

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Introducción: el objetivo fue describir los cambios físico-químicos que ocurren en los tejidos y materiales dentales empleados en un tratamiento endodóncico convencional, al ser sometidos a altas temperaturas, a través de microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB). Métodos: in vitro, se sometieron dos dientes premolares humanos a 200 y 400 ºC respectivamente, con el fin de estandarizar una técnica para la observación de los cambios físicos y químicos en los tejidos dentales (esmalte y dentina) y de los materiales de uso odontológico empleados comúnmente en endodoncia (gutapercha y cemento endodóncico a base de resina epóxica). Resultados: tanto los tejidos como los materiales dentales observados en este estudio piloto, presentaron gran resistencia a las altas temperaturas sin variar considerablemente su macroestructura, de tal manera que los cambios físicos (estabilidad dimensional, fisuras, grietas, fracturas, textura, carbonización) y químicos (elementos químicos constituyentes) pueden llegar a ser identificables y asociarse a cada rango de temperatura específico através del análisis MEB y espectrofotométrico. Conclusiones: los tejidos y los materiales dentales presentan gran resistencia a la acciónde altas temperaturas sin alterar su macroestructura de forma significativa. Del mismo modo, presentan cambios físicos y químicos que pueden contribuir con el proceso de identificación de un cadáver o restos humanos quemados, incinerados o carbonizados.

Introduction: the objective of this study was to describe the physicochemical changes occurring in dental tissues andmaterials used in a conventional endodontic treatment when subjected to high temperatures, by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) Methods: in vitro, two human premolar teeth were subjected to temperatures of 200°C and 400°C respectively, with the purpose ofstandardizing a technique for the observation of physical and chemical changes in dental tissues (enamel and dentin) and dental materialscommonly used in endodontic treatment (root canal gutta-percha and epoxy resin-based endodontic cement). Results: both the tissues and the dental materials analyzed in this pilot study presented great resistance to high temperatures without significantly changing their macrostructure; therefore, the physical changes (dimensional stability, cracks, crevices, fractures, texture, carbonization) and the chemical ones (constituent chemical elements) may turn out to be identifiable and associated with each specific temperature range by means of SEM and spectrophotometric analysis. Conclusions: dental tissues and materials display great resistance to the action of high temperatures, without significantly altering their macrostructure. Similarly, they experience physical and chemical changes that may contribute to theprocess of identification of a corpse or human remains that have been burned, incinerated or charred.

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RESUMO

Este trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel pertencente à UNESP/FCA, Botucatu/SP, com o objetivo de avaliar a germinação de sementes de alface (cultivar Verônica) obtidas de plantas cultivadas com diferentes doses de fósforo, logo após a colheita, em três temperaturas e após dois períodos de conservação em câmara seca. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (0; 200; 400; 600 e 800 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e cinco repetições. Após a colheita, foram avaliadas a germinação das sementes na temperatura ideal (20ºC) e sob altas temperaturas (30 e 33ºC). Após 15 e 25 meses de conservação em câmara seca foi avaliada a germinação a 20ºC. As doses de P2O5 avaliadas não afetaram a germinação das sementes logo após a colheita nas três temperaturas avaliadas, porém, quanto maior a temperatura, menor foi o vigor das sementes. Aos 25 meses após o armazenamento das sementes, quanto menor a dose de P2O5 menores foram a germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação.

This study was carried out at São Manuel Experimental Farm, UNESP/FCA, in Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil, with the objective to evaluate the lettuce seeds (cultivar Verônica) germination from plants cultivated with different phosphorus levels at harvest, in three temperatures and after two conservation period in dry chamber. At seed production stage, the experiment was conducted in randomized complete blocks, with five treatments (0; 200; 400; 600 and 800 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and five replications. After harvesting, seed germination at 20oC and under high temperatures (30 and 33ºC) was evaluated. After 15 and 25 months of conservation in dry chamber room it was evaluated germination at 20ºC. The P2O5 levels evaluated did not affect seed germination soon after harvesting at the three temperatures evaluated, but, the higher the temperature, the lower the seed vigor. After 25 months of conservation, the lesser the P2O5 rates, the lesser seed germination and germination speed index.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study was carried out at São Manuel Experimental Farm, UNESP/FCA, in Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil, with the objective to evaluate the lettuce seeds (cultivar Verônica) germination from plants cultivated with different phosphorus levels at harvest, in three temperatures and after two conservation period in dry chamber. At seed production stage, the experiment was conducted in randomized complete blocks, with five treatments (0; 200; 400; 600 and 800 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and five replications. After harvesting, seed germination at 20oC and under high temperatures (30 and 33ºC) was evaluated. After 15 and 25 months of conservation in dry chamber room it was evaluated germination at 20ºC. The P2O5 levels evaluated did not affect seed germination soon after harvesting at the three temperatures evaluated, but, the higher the temperature, the lower the seed vigor. After 25 months of conservation, the lesser the P2O5 rates, the lesser seed germination and germination speed index.

Este trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel pertencente à UNESP/FCA, Botucatu/SP, com o objetivo de avaliar a germinação de sementes de alface (cultivar Verônica) obtidas de plantas cultivadas com diferentes doses de fósforo, logo após a colheita, em três temperaturas e após dois períodos de conservação em câmara seca. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (0; 200; 400; 600 e 800 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e cinco repetições. Após a colheita, foram avaliadas a germinação das sementes na temperatura ideal (20ºC) e sob altas temperaturas (30 e 33ºC). Após 15 e 25 meses de conservação em câmara seca foi avaliada a germinação a 20ºC. As doses de P2O5 avaliadas não afetaram a germinação das sementes logo após a colheita nas três temperaturas avaliadas, porém, quanto maior a temperatura, menor foi o vigor das sementes. Aos 25 meses após o armazenamento das sementes, quanto menor a dose de P2O5 menores foram a germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação.

RESUMO

This study was carried out at São Manuel Experimental Farm, UNESP/FCA, in Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil, with the objective to evaluate the lettuce seeds (cultivar Verônica) germination from plants cultivated with different phosphorus levels at harvest, in three temperatures and after two conservation period in dry chamber. At seed production stage, the experiment was conducted in randomized complete blocks, with five treatments (0; 200; 400; 600 and 800 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and five replications. After harvesting, seed germination at 20oC and under high temperatures (30 and 33ºC) was evaluated. After 15 and 25 months of conservation in dry chamber room it was evaluated germination at 20ºC. The P2O5 levels evaluated did not affect seed germination soon after harvesting at the three temperatures evaluated, but, the higher the temperature, the lower the seed vigor. After 25 months of conservation, the lesser the P2O5 rates, the lesser seed germination and germination speed index.

Este trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel pertencente à UNESP/FCA, Botucatu/SP, com o objetivo de avaliar a germinação de sementes de alface (cultivar Verônica) obtidas de plantas cultivadas com diferentes doses de fósforo, logo após a colheita, em três temperaturas e após dois períodos de conservação em câmara seca. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (0; 200; 400; 600 e 800 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e cinco repetições. Após a colheita, foram avaliadas a germinação das sementes na temperatura ideal (20ºC) e sob altas temperaturas (30 e 33ºC). Após 15 e 25 meses de conservação em câmara seca foi avaliada a germinação a 20ºC. As doses de P2O5 avaliadas não afetaram a germinação das sementes logo após a colheita nas três temperaturas avaliadas, porém, quanto maior a temperatura, menor foi o vigor das sementes. Aos 25 meses após o armazenamento das sementes, quanto menor a dose de P2O5 menores foram a germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação.