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This article investigates the intersection between innovation, Health 4.0, and financial management in the healthcare industry, emphasizing the importance of operational efficiency and quality of care. The study aims to analyze how financial management processes in healthcare relate to Health 4.0 and enhance care quality. It begins with a thorough theoretical grounding, proposing a framework that connects Health 4.0 with financial management practices. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, identifying trends, challenges, and opportunities in the financial management of Health 4.0. The results highlight selected articles on responsible innovation, Health 4.0 technologies, investments in health, hospital efficiency, performance forecasting, and high-cost patient management. These articles were clustered into "Data Analysis and Machine Learning in Healthcare" and "Health Management and Sustainability," providing a categorized understanding of the topics. The study reveals that Health 4.0 offers significant opportunities for process efficiency and cost reduction without compromising service quality. It highlights strategic advantages in addressing contemporary healthcare challenges by optimizing processes, improving financial projections, and incorporating advanced technologies efficiently. The successful implementation of Health 4.0 can lead to substantial improvements in service quality, adding value to patients and driving local economic development. This article offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals and managers, emphasizing the transformative potential of Health 4.0 and outlining strategies for its effective implementation. The clustering of articles provides a clearer understanding of current research in Health 4.0, contributing significantly to the field and guiding future research directions.

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Background: Across the globe, there are successful health innovations that could help improve public health in US communities at lower cost and with higher effectiveness than standard practice. However, which factors should be considered to heighten the likelihood of successful transfer of global health ideas to the US still warrants more empirical investigation. Objective: This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework delineating important factors to be considered for successful introduction of global health innovations to US communities, based on diffusion of innovations literature and case studies of global health innovations that have been adopted in US communities. Methods: Five global health innovations adopted in US communities were selected based on expert panel recommendations and a review of academic and gray literatures. These innovations had diverse origins (Columbia, Mexico, South Africa, Sweden, and Wales) and exhibited various means of achieving desired health outcomes. We conducted archival research and 27 interviews (42 interviewees) with leaders and stakeholders of the five innovations to identify important factors for the transfer of global health innovations to the US. Findings: Six factors were determined to be important for global health innovation adoption in the US: (1) innovation attributes, (2) linking agents, (3) inter-organizational partnerships, (4) scale up strategies, (5) implementation processes and outcomes in US communities, and (6) policy and social context. These factors correspond well to factors emphasized in the diffusion of innovation literature, although the importance of some sub-factors (e.g., stigma regarding the origin of innovations) diverged from the literature. Conclusions: Based on our findings, we developed the Designing for Diffusion Framework for Global Health Innovations. The framework provides a comprehensive picture of factors that can be facilitators or hindrances for moving a global health innovation to the US to help smooth the diffusion process for better adoption and implementation in US communities.

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Esta pesquisa apresenta as particularidades do capitalismo dependente que marca a América Latina e as repercussões da dependência econômica, tecnológica e política sobre o Sistema Único de Saúde. Apresenta o SUS como a maior inovação brasileira, destaca as dificuldades de sua implantação durante a hegemonia do neoliberalismo na região, e posteriormente, sob a vigência da austeridade fiscal. Busca demonstrar que questões tratadas como problemas naturais de consolidação da política de saúde pública são, na realidade, contingências da dependência histórica a qual o país se encontra submetido. A pesquisa exploratória inicia o percurso sobre a dependência a partir da construção intelectual de autores brasileiros que se dedicaram a demonstrar que a condição estrutural de capitalismo dependente gera contradições internas e dificulta o avanço das políticas industriais, comerciais e tecnológicas (ICT) de todos os países periféricos. Para tanto, foi adotada a Teoria Marxista da Dependência (TMD), abordagem inédita no campo da saúde coletiva e que tem potencial para ir além das explicações naturalizadas como falhas de mercado, das soluções que reforçam mecanismos de mercado no interior da política pública de saúde e das discussões fragmentadas sobre financiamento, dependência de insumos, dificuldade de integração em rede, dificuldade de provisão de pessoal, como se cada um desses problemas fosse uma questão isolada e não elementos intrínsecos aos limites e aos constrangimentos do Estado brasileiro para desenvolver política de desenvolvimento econômico e social. Retomando os estudos clássicos do IMS, o Estado ganha centralidade nessa pesquisa e por meio de linhas do tempo que cobrem o período de 1970 até os dias atuais foram apresentados processos que, em geral, são analisados separadamente e que dizem respeito ao desenvolvimento das ações de saúde pública, desenvolvimento do sistema de ciência e produção tecnológica em saúde e ao mesmo tempo, incentivos criados para a expansão do setor privado de saúde. Os conceitos e categorias analíticas da TMD permitem compreender os momentos em que o Estado cumpriu a função de "gestor da dependência" garantindo espaço de extração de valor e acumulação do capital para a burguesia nacional e estrangeira e momentos em que o Estado realizou intervenções no setor da saúde, buscando desenvolver a política pública de forma autônoma, visando reduzir a dependência externa e garantir as bases políticas e materiais para o projeto de saúde universal. Ao final, é reafirmado o papel do Estado, enquanto agente empreendedor de inovações de risco, executor de políticas e gerador de valor público para a sociedade e nas considerações que encerram a pesquisa, o tema foi retomado, o cumprimento dos objetivos e da questão da pesquisa foi avaliado, os limites e as proposições para estudos futuros foram apresentados. Espera-se ter contribuído para uma nova abordagem no campo, tendo a TMD como referência para discussão de problemas concretos do SUS à luz das categorias analíticas que a teoria oferece. Espera-se também que pesquisa contribua para difusão da TMD que, apesar de ser uma construção intelectual bastante acionada em outros países latinos, é ainda pouco aplicada no Brasil.

This research presents the particularities of dependent capitalism that marks Latin America and the repercussions of economic, technological and political dependence on the Unified Health System. It presents the SUS as the greatest Brazilian innovation, highlights the difficulties of its implementation during the hegemony of neoliberalism in the region, and later, under the validity of fiscal austerity. It seeks to demonstrate that issues treated as natural problems for the consolidation of public health policy are, in fact, contingencies of the historical dependence to which the country is subjected. The exploratory research begins the journey on dependence from the intellectual construction of Brazilian authors who have dedicated themselves to demonstrating that the structural condition of dependent capitalism generates internal contradictions and makes it difficult to advance industrial, commercial and technological (ICT) policies in all peripheral countries. To this end, the Marxist Theory of Dependency (TMD) was adopted, an unprecedented approach in the field of collective health, which has the potential to go beyond naturalized explanations such as market failures, solutions that reinforce market mechanisms within the public policy of health and the fragmented discussions on financing, dependence on inputs, difficulty in integrating into a network, difficulty in providing personnel, as if each of these problems were an isolated issue and not intrinsic elements to the limits and constraints of the Brazilian State to develop health policy. Resuming the classic studies of the IMS, the State gains centrality in this research and through timelines that cover the period from 1970 to the present day, processes were presented that are generally analyzed separately and that concern the development of public health actions, development of the science and technological production system in health and, at the same time, incentives created for the expansion of the private health sector. The concepts and analytical categories of TMD allow us to understand the moments in which the State fulfilled the function of 'manager of dependency', guaranteeing space for the extraction of value and accumulation of capital for the national and foreign bourgeoisie and moments in which the State carried out interventions in the sector of health, seeking to develop public policy autonomously, aiming to reduce external dependence and guarantee the political and material bases for the universal health project. In the end, the role of the State is reaffirmed, as an entrepreneurial agent of risky innovations, policy executor and public value generator for society and in the considerations that close the research, the theme was resumed, the fulfillment of the objectives and the question of research was evaluated, limits and propositions for future studies were presented. It is hoped to have contributed to a new approach in the field, having the TMD as a reference for the discussion of concrete problems of the SUS in the light of the analytical categories that the theory offers. It is also expected that research will contribute to the dissemination of TMD which, despite being an intellectual construction that is quite active in other Latin countries, is still little applied in Brazil.

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ABSTRACT The youth of Health Technology Assessment (HTA), as an institutional policy at the national level, signals the need to reflect on how its implementation took place under the perspective of its insertion in health policy and the scientific field. At the end of its first decade, these questions arise: has HTA translated into a health policy informed by science? Has its scientific foundation been used in the service of politics? To understand this political process, we apply the multiple-streams framework formulated by John Kingdon. The use of science to inform policy and the political use of science present themselves in an unstable balance. The survival of this policy will depend not only on science but on the art of orchestrating the interests of various agents so that HTA becomes a health policy for strengthening and sustainability of SUS.

RESUMO A juventude da Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (ATS), enquanto política institucional no âmbito nacional, sinaliza a necessidade de uma reflexão sobre como se deu sua implementação, sob as perspectivas de sua inserção na política de saúde e do campo científico. Ao final de sua primeira década, levantam-se as perguntas: a ATS se traduziu em uma política de saúde (policy) informada pela ciência? Sua fundamentação científica foi usada a serviço da política (politics)? Para compreender esse processo político, aplicamos a teoria de múltiplos fluxos formulada por John Kingdon. Estabeleceu-se um equilíbrio instável entre o uso da ciência para informar a política e o uso político da ciência. A sobrevivência dessa política dependerá não só da ciência, mas da arte de orquestrar os interesses dos vários agentes, de forma que a ATS se torne uma política de saúde de fortalecimento e sustentabilidade do SUS.

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Nurses and other health students may lack the proper time for training procedural tasks, such as peripheral venous access. There is a need to develop these abilities in novices so that errors can be avoided when treating real patients. Nonetheless, from an experiential point of view, the simulation devices offered in the market do not always make sense for educators and trainees. This could make the adoption of new technology difficult. The purpose of this case study is to describe the development of an innovative simulation device and to propose concrete tactics for the involvement of the educators and trainees. We used a participative design based approach, with an ethnographic basis, where incremental cycles of user testing, development and iteration were involved. The study showcases methods from the field of design and anthropology that can be used to develop future simulation devices that resonate with students and educators to achieve a long term learning experience. Results could shed a light on new ways for the involvement of educators and students to create devices that resonate with them, making learning significant and effective.

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BACKGROUND: With the evolution of digital media, areas such as public health are adding new platforms to complement traditional systems of epidemiological surveillance. Participatory surveillance and digital epidemiology have become innovative tools for the construction of epidemiological landscapes with citizens' participation, improving traditional sources of information. Strategies such as these promote the timely detection of warning signs for outbreaks and epidemics in the region. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the participatory surveillance platform Guardians of Health, which was used in a project conducted during the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and officially used by the Brazilian Ministry of Health for the monitoring of outbreaks and epidemics. METHODS: This is a descriptive study carried out using secondary data from Guardians of Health available in a public digital repository. Based on syndromic signals, the information subsidy for decision making by policy makers and health managers becomes more dynamic and assertive. This type of information source can be used as an early route to understand the epidemiological scenario. RESULTS: The main result of this research was demonstrating the use of the participatory surveillance platform as an additional source of information for the epidemiological surveillance performed in Brazil during a mass gathering. The platform Guardians of Health had 7848 users who generated 12,746 reports about their health status. Among these reports, the following were identified: 161 users with diarrheal syndrome, 68 users with respiratory syndrome, and 145 users with rash syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: It is hoped that epidemiological surveillance professionals, researchers, managers, and workers become aware of, and allow themselves to use, new tools that improve information management for decision making and knowledge production. This way, we may follow the path for a more intelligent, efficient, and pragmatic disease control system.

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Resumo Este artigo articula temáticas contemporâneas da agenda de desenvolvimento como fenômenos globais que incidem sobre a difusão e a direção do progresso técnico em saúde, condicionando a sustentabilidade do Sistema Único de Saúde. Por meio da avaliação da dependência externa do Complexo Econômico Industrial da Saúde brasileiro; pela revisão bibliográfica da literatura referente à complexidade econômica e seus dados referentes à América Latina e ao Brasil; e, mediante o levantamento e avaliação de dados estatísticos da Organização Mundial da Propriedade Intelectual e do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial, constrói-se um panorama em que se verificam crescentes assimetrias econômicas e de poder que conformam reiteração do padrão centro-periferia em múltiplos temas e escalas geográficas. Como desdobramento desta perspectiva, consolida-se o vínculo endógeno entre os padrões nacionais de desenvolvimento e as possibilidades e limites estruturais para a conformação de um sistema universal de saúde no Brasil. O enfrentamento das assimetrias tecnológicas globais faz parte de uma agenda estratégica que condiciona o avanço do SUS no sentido de seus princípios fundadores de universalidade, integralidade e equidade.

Abstract This paper articulates contemporary themes of the development agenda as global phenomena that affect the dissemination and direction of health technical progress, subjecting the sustainability of the Unified Health System (SUS). The evaluation of the external dependence of the Brazilian Health Economic Industrial Complex, the bibliographical review of the literature on economic complexity and its data on Latin America and Brazil and the collection and evaluation of statistical data from the World Intellectual Property Organization and the National Institute of Industrial Property enable us to build an overview of increasing economic and power asymmetries that reiteratesthis centre-periphery pattern in multiple themes and geographical scales. This perspective consolidates the endogenous link between national development patterns and structural possibilities and boundaries for the setting of a Brazilian universal health system. Confronting global technological asymmetries is part of a strategic agenda that conditionsthe advancingof the Unified Health Systemtowards its founding principles of universality, comprehensiveness and equity.

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In Honduras, where Chagas disease is a serious health and environmental concern, prevention measures face the challenge of achieving widespread and long-term sustainable adoption by communities. The article integrates social network analysis and a gender-sensitive approach to understand the role of men and women in the implementation of a community-level intervention, based on the adoption of housing improvements to reduce the presence of the insect vector. A total of 108 people in the community of El Salitre were interviewed. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, participation in project activities, communication and collaboration networks related to Chagas disease prevention, knowledge of Chagas disease, and adoption of housing improvements techniques. Communication mostly occurred between the same gender individuals and was associated with knowledge of Chagas disease. Socioeconomic status, Chagas disease knowledge, and collaboration with men were associated with women adopting housing improvements. For men, however, participation in project activities, formal education, and collaboration with women were associated with adoption. These findings suggest that men and women were driven by distinct concerns, interests, and motivations when adopting new Chagas disease prevention strategies. Participatory community interventions that seek to generate health knowledge and foster collaborations to reduce health risk should address gender differences.

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A evolução da epidemiologia abrange também instrumentos que são utilizados para a condução de rotinas nos serviços de saúde. Com o desenvolvimento dos recursos tecnológicos aplicáveis à saúde, é possível incorporar nos estudos epidemiológicos plataformas como os sistemas móveis Android para sua adaptação e utilização nos serviços de vigilância epidemiológica e ambiental. A modernização dos processos de coleta de dados, além de diminuir substancialmente o número de erros de transcrição, favorece uma maior velocidade na consolidação dos dados e promove aprimoramento da qualidade de informação gerada. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma solução para a modernização da condução de inquéritos epidemiológicos em esquistossomose baseado em tecnologia móvel. A aplicação desenvolvida chamada de Schisto Track, é uma ferramenta para captura e análise em tempo real de dados baseados em inquéritos epidemiológicos tradicionais. Para sua implementação foram seguidas as tendências globais no desenvolvimento de instrumentos de coleta de dados, tendo seu arcabouço tecnológico modulado em app nativa e servidor web. A app nativa foi desenvolvida em linguagem Java e otimizada para uso em smartphones e tablets com Android 4.0 ou superior, com sua transmissão de dados feita por rede 3G, via http. O servidor conta com arquitetura backend em linguagem php com banco de dados My SQL. O Frontend foi baseado em linguagem HTML 5, com estruturas de bootstrap e janelas modais atendendo a melhor usabilidade do sistema por parte de técnicos do serviço...

The evolution of epidemiology also includes instruments that are used for improvementroutines in the public health services. With the development of technological resourcesapplicable to health, it is possible to incorporate epidemiological studies on platforms likeAndroid mobile systems for adaptation and utilization in health surveillance services. Themodernization of the processes of data collection, in addition to substantially reduce thenumber of transcription errors, favors a higher speed in data consolidation and consequentimprovement in the quality of information generated. The objective of this work is to presenta solution for the modernization of conducting surveys in schistosomiasis based on mobiletechnology. The developed application called Schisto Track, is a tool for capturing andanalyzing in real-time data based on traditional epidemiological investigations. To implementglobal trends in the development of instruments for data collection were followed, taking theirtechnological framework modulated native app and web server. The native application isoptimized for use on smartphones and tablets with Android 4.0 (or superior) and itstransmission data taken by the 3G network via http. The server architecture includes backendin php language with database My SQL database. The frontend is based on HTML 5 languagewith structures and bootstrap modal windows serving better usability of the system by servicetechnicians...

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RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo foi aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a dinâmica de inovação em saúde e os interesses sanitários e econômicos relacionados a ela. Para tal, baseia se em um conceito mais amplo da saúde que a situa no cerne da agenda de desenvolvimento nacional. Portanto, parte da caracterização e análise do Complexo Econômico-Industrial da Saúde, e apontam-se os principais desafios para uma articulação virtuosa entre as variáveis sociais e econômicas da saúde.

ABSTRACT This paper aimed at further investigating the dynamics of health innovation and the social and economic interests in its wake. For such, it was based on a broader concept of health that emphasizes it as an important protagonist within the national development agenda. Thus, it stems from the characterization and analysis of the Health Industrial Complex, and it points out the main challenges with respect to a virtuous joint between the social and economic variables of health within the broader development agenda.