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The human-animal relationship is crucial for animal welfare. Gentle handling enhances pigs' comfort while rough handling causes fear and stress. This study examined how different human-animal relationship qualities affect the behavior and heart rate variability (linear and non-linear parameters) of 36 nursery pigs. Over six weeks, pigs experienced positive (n = 12), minimal (n = 12), or negative (n = 12) human handling. Their responses to handlers were then assessed in an experimental arena with four phases: habituation, exposure to the handler standing and sitting, and forced interaction. Pigs subjected to negative handling exhibited increased fear-related behaviors, spending less time in contact with the handler. They also exhibited heightened stress responses, with greater LF/HF ratio and Lmean values compared with positively handled pigs. Conversely, gently handled pigs displayed affiliative behaviors, accepting more strokes, and higher parasympathetic activation, indicated by greater RMSSD/SDNN and SampEn values, suggesting a more positive affective state. Minimally handled pigs exhibited some behavioral similarities to gently handled pigs, although physiological data indicated that the interaction was likely more rewarding for the gently handled pigs. These results emphasize the impact of human-animal relationships on pig welfare and highlight the value of incorporating non-linear heart rate variability parameters in such evaluations.

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Os Centros de Tradições Gaúchas (CTG) são entidades de divulgação e perpetuação da cultura do Rio Grande do Sul. A produção de refeições nessas entidades ocorre nos ensaios dos grupos de danças tradicionais e nos eventos oferecidos à comunidade, como jantares. Sabendo do impacto das doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTA) na saúde humana, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a adequação dos CTG às boas práticas para manipulação de alimentos (BPM), explorar quem são os responsáveis pelas atividades de manipulação de alimentos e identificar a frequência e o número da produção de refeições servidas nessas instituições. A Portaria SES-RS nº 78/2009 e um questionário de coleta de dados dos grupos de dança e da produção de refeições foram aplicados em 5 CTG do Rio Grande do Sul. Outros 17 CTG do estado responderam a um segundo questionário, semelhante ao primeiro, com adição de perguntas sobre controle sanitário. Obteve-se uma média de adequação às BPM de 38% entre os CTG. Verificou-se que são servidas, em média, 4 refeições por semana entre os ensaios das invernadas artísticas próximos a competições. Em 36% dos CTG, ocorrem de 2 a 3 eventos por trimestre com produção de refeições. Em 45% dos CTG, são servidas de 100 a 200 pessoas nos eventos. Em relação aos trabalhos na cozinha, apenas 23,5% dos CTG têm como responsáveis dessas atividades pessoas devidamente capacitadas. Sendo os CTG instituições sem fins lucrativos, a criação de programas para a garantia do alimento seguro nesses espaços se faz necessária.

Centros de Tradições Gaúchas (CTG) are entities for the dissemination and perpetuation of Rio Grande do Sul culture. The production of meals in these entities takes place in the rehearsals of traditional dance groups and in events offered to the community, such as dinners. Knowing the impact of the foodborne diseases in human health, the objective of this work is to identify the adequacy of CTG to good food handling practices, to explore who are responsibles for food handling activities and identify the frequency and number of meals served in these institutions. The Portaria SES-RS No. 78/2009 and a questionnaire for data collection from dance groups and meals production were applied in 5 CTG in Rio Grande do Sul. Another 17 CTG in the state answered a second questionnaire, similar to the first, with the addition of questions about sanitary control. The average compliance with good practices was 38% among the CTG. It was found that, on average, 4 meals are served per week between rehearsals of the dance groups close to competitions. In 36% of the CTG, 2 to 3 events are held per quarter with production of meals. In 45% of the CTG, the number of people served at the events varies from 100 to 200. Regarding the work in the kitchen, only 23.5% of the CTG have duly trained people for these activities. Given that CTG are non-profit institutions, the creation of programs to ensure food safety in these spaces is necessary.

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Resumo Fundamento A remodelação adversa dos vasos pulmonares eleva a pressão pulmonar e provoca hipertensão arterial pulmonar (HAP). A HAP resulta em aumento da pós-carga do ventrículo direito (VD), causando hipertrofia ventricular e consequente insuficiência cardíaca. Não existe um tratamento específico para o remodelamento desadaptativo do VD secundário à HAP. Objetivos Este estudo tem como objetivo explorar duas abordagens terapêuticas, o suco de uva (SU) e os hormônios tireoidianos (HT), no tratamento do estresse oxidativo induzido pela HAP e nas alterações funcionais cardíacas. Métodos Parâmetros ecocardiográficos relacionados à resistência dos vasos pulmonares (relação TA/TE), contratilidade do VD (ESPAT) e função diastólica do VD (relação dos picos E/A) foram avaliados. Além disso, foram medidos ROS totais, peroxidação lipídica, enzimas antioxidantes, proteínas de manipulação de cálcio, expressão de proteínas pró-oxidantes e antioxidantes. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Ambos os tratamentos, com SU e HT, demonstraram uma redução na resistência pulmonar (~22%), além de melhorias na ESPAT (inotropismo ~11%) e na relação TA/TE (~26%) (p<0,05). Não houve alterações entre os grupos na relação do pico de E/A. Embora ROS e TBARS não tenham sido estatisticamente significativos, os tratamentos com SU e HT diminuíram os níveis de xantina oxidase (~49%) e normalizaram a expressão de HSP70 e proteínas de manipulação de cálcio (p<0,05). No entanto, apenas o tratamento com HT melhorou a função diastólica (~50%) e aumentou o imunoconteúdo de NRF2 (~48%) (p<0,05). Conclusões Até onde sabemos, este estudo é pioneiro ao mostrar que o HT administrado em conjunto com o SU promoveu melhorias funcionais e bioquímicas em um modelo de HAP. Além disso, nossos dados sugerem que os tratamentos com SU e HT se mostraram cardioprotetores, sejam combinados ou não, e exibiram seus benefícios ao modular o estresse oxidativo e as proteínas de manipulação do cálcio.

Abstract Background Adverse remodeling of lung vessels elevates pulmonary pressure and provokes pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH results in increased right ventricle (RV) afterload, causing ventricular hypertrophy and the onset of heart failure. There is no specific treatment for maladaptive RV remodeling secondary to PAH. Objectives This study aims to explore two therapeutic approaches, grape juice (GJ) and thyroid hormones (TH), on PAH-induced oxidative stress and cardiac functional changes. Methods Parameters of echocardiography related to lung vessel resistance (AT/ET ratio), RV contractility (TAPSE), and RV diastolic function (E/A peaks ratio) were evaluated. Also, total ROS, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, calcium handling proteins, pro-oxidant and antioxidant protein expression were measured. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Both GJ and TH treatments demonstrated reductions in pulmonary resistance (~22%) and improvements in TAPSE (inotropism ~11%) and AT/ET ratio (~26%) (p<0.05). There were no changes amongst groups regarding the E/A peak ratio. Although ROS and TBARS were not statistically significant, GJ and TH treatments decreased xanthine oxidase (~49%) levels and normalized HSP70 and calcium handling protein expression (p<0.05). However, only TH treatment ameliorated diastolic function (~50%) and augmented NRF2 immunocontent (~48%) (p<0.05). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this study stands as a pioneer in showing that TH administered together with GJ promoted functional and biochemical improvements in a PAH model. Moreover, our data suggest that GJ and TH treatments were cardioprotective, combined or not, and exhibited their beneficial effects by modulating oxidative stress and calcium-handling proteins.

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This study evaluated the use of essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (EOOG) for anesthesia and in transport of Colossoma macropomum. Experiment 1, Test 1, anesthesia induction and recovery times were determined using different EOOG concentrations (0, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300 mg L-1), with two size classes: Juveniles I (0.86 g) and Juveniles II (11.46 g) (independent tests in a completely randomized design). Based on the results of Test 1, in Test 2 Juveniles II were exposed to EOOG concentrations: 0, 20, 100 mg L-1. Tissue samples were collected immediately after induction and 1 h post-recovery, to assess oxidative status variables. Experiment 2, Juveniles I (0.91 g) and Juveniles II (14.76 g) were submitted to transport in water with different concentrations of EOOG (0, 5, 10 mg L-1) (independent tests in a completely randomized design). The effects on oxidative status variables were evaluated. Concentrations between 50 and 200 mg L-1 EOOG can be indicated for Juveniles I, while concentrations between 50 and 100 mg L-1 EOOG for Juveniles II. The concentration of 100 mg L-1 EOOG was able to prevent oxidative damage in the liver. In Experiment 2, the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg L-1 EOOG added to the transport water caused sedation for both studied size classes of juveniles and did not cause oscillations in water quality variables nor any mortality. The concentration of 10 mg L-1 EOOG improved the oxidative status. It can be concluded that EOOG can be used for anesthesia and transport of C. macropomum.

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Las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos causan una alta carga de morbilidad, con una mayor ocurrencia en ambientes domiciliarios. El objetivo del estudio es asociar hábitos relacionados con buenas prácticas de higiene con variables sociodemográficas en una muestra representativa de la población chilena. Estudio de análisis secundario, realizado a partir de la Encuesta nacional de Salud (ENS) 2016-2017, donde se analizaron las preguntas de buenas prácticas de higiene. La muestra contempla 6.233 participantes, de los cuales el 62,8% corresponde a sexo femenino. Se identificó que las mujeres tienen mejores hábitos de higiene en la manipulación de alimentos respecto a los hombres. Por otro lado, los adultos entre 45-64 años y mayores a 65 años, presentan mejores hábitos relacionados con inocuidad alimentaria, en relación con otros grupos etarios. En conclusión, las variables sociodemográficas como sexo, edad, nivel educativo son determinantes en las buenas prácticas de higiene. Se debe educar a la población en la manipulación de alimentos, para garantizar la inocuidad alimentaria.

Foodborne diseases cause a high burden of morbidity, with a greater occurrence in home environments. The objective of the study is to associate habits related to good hygiene practices with sociodemographic variables in a representative sample of the Chilean population. Secondary analysis study, conducted from the National Health Survey (NHS) 2016-2017, where the questions of good hygiene practices were analyzed. The sample contemplates 6,233 participants, of which 62.8% corresponds to female sex. It was identified that women have better hygiene habits in food handling compared to men. On the other hand, adults aged 45-64 years and over 65 years had better habits related to food safety than other age groups. In conclusion, sociodemographic variables such as sex, age and educational level are determining factors in good hygiene practices. The population should be educated in food handling to ensure food safety.

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INTRODUCTION: High sucrose intake is linked to cardiovascular disease, a major global cause of mortality worldwide. Calcium mishandling and inflammation play crucial roles in cardiac disease pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate if sucrose-induced obesity is related to deterioration of myocardial function due to alterations in the calcium-handling proteins in association with proinflammatory cytokines. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into control and sucrose groups. Over eight weeks, Sucrose group received 30% sucrose water. Cardiac function was determined in vivo using echocardiography and in vitro using papillary muscle assay. Western blotting was used to detect calcium handling protein; ELISA assay was used to assess TNF-α and IL-6 levels. RESULTS: Sucrose led to cardiac dysfunction. RYR2, SERCA2, NCX, pPBL Ser16 and L-type calcium channels were unchanged. However, pPBL-Thr17, and TNF-α levels were elevated in the S group. CONCLUSION: Sucrose induced cardiac dysfunction and decreased myocardial contractility in association with altered pPBL-Thr17 and elevated cardiac pro-inflammatory TNF-α.

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BACKGROUND: Home-prepared enteral formulations are supplied to patients through enteral nutrition bottles, via a gravity bag or other container, which may be inadequately sanitized and reused more times than recommended by the manufacturer. Such procedures increase the risk of contamination and can compromise the patient's clinical outcome. In light of this, the present study aimed to assess the risk of contamination of enteral nutrition bottles by simulating home use conditions and hygiene procedures. METHODS: A simulation of bottle usage was conducted across the three categories of enteral nutrition (homemade enteral preparations, blended enteral preparations, and commercial enteral formulas) for 3 days, using three hygiene procedures reported by caregivers: use of detergent (DET); use of detergent and boiling water (DET+BW); and use of detergent and bleach (DET+BL). The microbiological contamination was determined by the analysis of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms. RESULTS: The bottles that were used for 3 days, regardless of the enteral nutrition category, were within the acceptable limit for aerobic mesophilic microorganisms (between <4 and 8.0 colony-forming units [CFU]/cm2) when sanitized using the DET+BW and DET+BL procedures. The enteral nutrition bottles, when cleaned using the DET procedure during the 3 days of usage, showed low microbial contamination (between <4 and 3.0 CFU/cm2) in blended preparation and commercial formula only. CONCLUSION: Thus, regardless of the enteral nutrition category, we found that the bottles can be used for 3 days, as long as the DET+BW or DET+BL hygiene procedure is applied and safe food handling measures are adopted.

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Abstract Introduction: Short-term gametes storage is an inexpensive and simple technique that allows the use of the same batch of eggs or sperm at different times, maximizing the application of research protocols and the use of gametes in production. Arbacia dufresnii is a sea urchin species with proven aquaculture potential and already used in the nutraceutical industry. Aging of its gametes is unknown and is a needed information to scale up the production. Objective: Determine the effect of male and female gamete aging on the fertilization success of Arbacia dufresnii. This will allow optimizing the use of gametes after collection decoupling spawning from fertilization. Methods: A. dufresnii individuals were induced to spawn and gametes were kept at 12 ± 1 °C throughout each bioassay. Sperm was separated into two treatments: activated sperm in seawater (AS), and dry sperm (DS). Two bioassays were made: Bioassay 1 evaluated the effect of time on fertility by performing fertilization tests at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h after spawning. Bioassay 2 evaluated the contribution of each type of aged gamete on fertility, combining aged gametes (96 h) with fresh gametes (0 h). Results: Bioassay 1: the fertilization success obtained by combining eggs (E) with AS or DS presented important differences. While the fertilization success remained acceptable (greater than 50 %) for up to 72 h using ExDS, it only remained acceptable for up to 48 h using ExAS. Bioassay 2: acceptable fertilization success was found by combining aged E (96 h) with fresh sperm, or aged DS (96 h) with fresh E, but not using aged AS with fresh E. Conclusions: The findings of this work show that fertilization success in A. dufresnii gametes remains relatively unchanged for up to 48 h after spawning when combining ExAS, and for up to 72 h when combining ExDS. However, when combining aged E or aged DS with a fresh gamete, post-collection fertilization can be extended up to 96 h. In this work, the first steps have been taken to understand the conservation time of A. dufresnii gametes with minimum intervention.

Resumen Introducción: El almacenamiento de gametos a corto plazo es una técnica económica y sencilla que permite utilizar el mismo lote de óvulos o espermatozoides en diferentes momentos, maximizando la aplicación de protocolos de investigación y el uso de gametos en la producción. Arbacia dufresnii es una especie con probado potencial acuícola como fuente de gametos para la industria nutracéutica. Sin embargo, se desconoce el envejecimiento de sus gametos y es una información necesaria para escalar la producción. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del envejecimiento de los gametos masculinos y femeninos en el éxito de la fecundación de Arbacia dufresnii con el fin de optimizar el aprovechamiento de los gametos después de la recolecta desincronizando el desove de la fecundación. Métodos: Se indujo el desove de individuos de A. dufresnii y los gametos se mantuvieron a 12 ± 1 °C durante cada bioensayo. El esperma se separó en dos tratamientos: esperma activado en agua de mar (AS) y esperma seco (DS). Se realizaron dos bioensayos: El Bioensayo 1 evaluó el efecto del tiempo sobre la fertilidad realizando pruebas de fecundación a las 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h y 96 h después del desove. El bioensayo 2 evaluó la contribución de cada tipo de gameta envejecida (96 h) sobre la fertilidad, combinando gametos envejecidas (96 h) con gametos frescas (0 h). Resultados: Bioensayo 1: el éxito de fecundación obtenido combinando huevos (E) con AS o DS presentó diferencias importantes. Si bien el éxito de la fecundación se mantuvo aceptable (más del 50 %) durante un máximo de 72 h con ExDS, solo permaneció aceptable hasta 48 h con ExAS. Bioensayo 2: se encontró un éxito de fecundación aceptable combinando E envejecidos (96 h) con esperma fresco, o DS envejecido (96 h) con E fresco (0 h), pero no usando AS envejecido con E fresco (0 h). Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de este trabajo muestran que el éxito de la fecundación en los gametos de A. dufresnii permanece relativamente sin cambios hasta 48 h después del desove cuando se combina ExAS, y hasta 72 h cuando se combina ExDS. Sin embargo, cuando se combina E envejecido o DS envejecido con un gameto fresco, el tiempo entre la recolección y la fecundación puede extenderse hasta 96 h. En este trabajo se han dado los primeros pasos para entender el tiempo de conservación de los gametos de A. dufresnii con mínima intervención.

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To know the profile of food and enteral formulation handlers is important to promote more effective health education actions for these individuals. This study aimed to develop instruments to evaluate the profile of food handlers in households (PFH) and in food service establishments (PFSE), as well as the profile of handlers of enteral formulations in households (PEFHH). A scoping review was carried out to identify questions about the profile of food and enteral formulation handlers evaluated in studies in thein the main national and international databases. From 47 selected articles, 66 questions were identified. Of these, 17, 22, and 18 questions were established to assess the PFH, PFSE, and PEFHH, respectively. The instrument questions were subdivided by subject into personal data, sociodemographic and professional characteristics, and general information. Some questions differ between instruments due to segment specificities. The proposed instruments are novel tools. Through a scoping review and expert consultations, a comprehensive set of questions was identified and organized into instruments tailored to each specific segment. These tools will be valuable for nutritionists, researchers, and other professionals involved in assessing and addressing the needs of food handlers. (AU)

Conhecer o perfil do manipulador de alimentos e de formulações enterais é importante para promover ações de educação sanitária mais efetiva para esses indivíduos. Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar instrumentos para avaliação do perfil do manipulador de alimentos em domicílios (PFH), em serviço de alimentação (PFSE) e de formulações enterais em domicílios (PEFHH). Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura do tipo Scoping review para identificar as questões sobre o perfil do manipulador de alimentos e de formulações enterais avaliadas nos estudos nas principais bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. A partir de 47 artigos selecionados, foram identificadas 66 questões. Destas, foram estabelecidas 17, 22 e 18 questões para avaliar o PFH, PFSE e PEFHH, respectivamente. As questões dos instrumentos foram subdivididas por assunto nas seguintes categorias: dados pessoais; características sociodemográficas e profissionais; e informações gerais. Algumas questões se diferenciam entre os instrumentos devido à particularidade de cada segmento. Os instrumentos propostos são ferramentas inovadoras. Através de uma revisão abrangente e consultas com especialistas, um conjunto abrangente de perguntas foi identificado e organizado em instrumentos adaptados a cada segmento específico. Essas ferramentas serão valiosas para nutricionistas, pesquisadores e outros profissionais envolvidos na avaliação e atendimento das necessidades dos manipuladores de alimentos. (AU)

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Among the different handling techniques in aquaculture, the use of anesthetics has had a growing interest focused on guaranteeing animal welfare, and reducing possible stress situations during general handling. The aim of this study was to present the use of eugenol and lidocaine with non-invasive anesthesia procedures in Dormitator latifrons, in which the different stages of anesthesia (induction and recovery) were determined. One hundred and twenty healthy fish of average weight of 73.59 ± 13.53 g and standard length of 17 ± 1.36 cm were used. The experimental fish were subjected to fasting for 24 h prior to the tests. Five fish were subjected to eugenol (25, 50, 100, and 200 µL/L), and lidocaine (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L), in triplicate. The time to reach deep and recovery anesthesia were recorded and the data analyzed using ANOVA (α= 0.05). Organisms exposed to anesthetics evidenced early episodes of fast, short-distance swimming (initial hyperactivity) for short periods of time. Survival was 100% with both compounds and concentrations. Fish exposed to a eugenol concentration of 200 µL/L had longer anesthesia times and took longer time to recover (P<0.05). The most effective concentrations for eugenol and lidocaine were of 200 µL/L and 400 µL/L in juvenile fish, promoting rapid inductions, without compromising the conditions for the recovery of the fish. This work provides practical information for handling and transportation D. latiforns with the least possible stress and ensuring animal welfare.

Dentre as diferentes técnicas de manejo na aquicultura, o uso de anestésicos tem despertado interesse crescente voltado para a garantia do bem-estar animal, reduzindo possíveis situações de estresse durante o manejo geral. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar o uso de eugenol e lidocaína com procedimentos anestésicos não invasivos em Dormitator latifrons, nos quais foram determinadas as diferentes etapas da anestesia (indução e recuperação). Foram utilizados 120 peixes saudáveis, com peso médio de 73,59 ± 13,53 g e 17 ± 1,36 cm de comprimento, em jejum de 24 horas antes dos testes. Cinco peixes foram submetidos a eugenol (25, 50, 100 e 200 µL/L) e lidocaína (100, 200, 300 e 400 mg/L), em triplicata. O tempo para atingir a anestesia profunda e de recuperação foi registrado, os dados foram analisados com ANOVA (α= 0,05). Organismos expostos a anestésicos evidenciaram episódios precoces de nado rápido de curta distância (hiperatividade inicial) por curtos períodos de tempo. A sobrevivência atinge 100% com ambos compostos e concentrações. Peixes expostos a uma concentração de eugenol de 200 µL/L tiveram tempos de anestesia mais longos e demoraram mais para se recuperar (P<0,05). As concentrações mais efetivas para eugenol e lidocaína foram de 200 µL/L e 400 µL/L em peixes juvenis, promovendo induções rápidas, sem comprometer as condições de recuperação dos peixes. Este trabalho fornece informações práticas para o manejo e transporte de D. latifrons com o mínimo de estresse possível e garantindo o bem-estar animal.

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Male and female Syrian hamsters were used to investigate the influence of two husbandry systems on their physiological aspects. The hypothesis is that there may be physiological, behavioral and final results differences in a litter that is managed in different housing systems (open cage or micro isolator). For the present study, 5 male and 5 female hamsters were kept separately in open cages and 5 male hamsters and 5 females separately in micro isolators from the age of 28 to reproductive age (60 days). Animal management was controlled by monitoring the supply and consumption of water, feed and environmental enrichment provided, with the micro isolator group receiving sterilized water and management carried out exclusively at a changing station. To evaluate metabolic changes caused by water supply, urine tests were carried out on dipstick in sample pools. After reaching reproductive age, ten couples were formed, 5 of them in micro isolators and the other 5 in open cages, uniting a male with a female from the same experimental group to evaluate reproductive data. The animals were weighed until the week of the females' birth, followed by counting and sexing the puppies for data analysis. The groups demonstrated through growth curves that the environment in which the animals are housed has an influence on the animal's physiology. The study showed differences in weight gain in addition to a lower rate of stress in the female, resulting in less aggression towards the male after mating. of couples when comparing the two experimental groups. It also showed a difference in the number of puppies per female between the groups. In addition to providing evidence that housing conditions can influence the hamster's physiology, there is evidence that it also influences the animals' aggressive behavior. This study aims to assist peers in breeding the species in breeding and experimental animal facilities, in addition to ensuring confidence in the reproducibility of future studies, since there is currently not enough information for the correct management of the biomodel.

Hamsters sírios machos e fêmeas foram utilizados para investigar a influência de dois sistemas de criação sob seus aspectos fisiológicos. A hipótese é que pode haver diferenças fisiológicas, comportamentais e no resultado final de uma ninhada a qual é manejada em sistemas diferentes de alojamento (gaiola aberta ou micro isolador). Para o presente estudo foram mantidos 5 hamsters machos e 5 fêmeas separadamente em gaiolas abertas e 5 exemplares machos e mais 5 fêmeas separadamente em micro isoladores na idade de 28 até a idade reprodutiva, (60 dias). O manejo dos animais foi controlado acompanhando a oferta e consumo de água, ração e enriquecimento ambiental fornecidos, sendo que o grupo de micro isolador recebeu água esterilizada e seu manejo feito exclusivamente em estação de troca. Para avaliação de alteração metabólica pelo fornecimento de água foram realizados testes de urina em fita reagente em pools de amostra. Após atingirem a idade reprodutiva foram formados dez casais, sendo 5 deles de micro isolador e os outros 5 de gaiolas abertas, unindo um macho com uma fêmea do mesmo grupo experimental para avaliação de dados reprodutivos. A pesagem dos animais foi feita até a semana de parto das fêmeas, seguindo com a contagem e sexagem dos filhotes para análise dos dados. Os grupos demonstraram por meio das curvas de crescimento que o meio em que os animais são alojados tem influência na fisiologia do animal, o estudo apontou diferenças no ganho de peso além de menor taxa de estresse da fêmea resultando em menor agressão ao macho após a união dos casais quando comparados os dois grupos experimentais. Apontou diferença também, no número de filhotes por fêmeas entre os grupos. Além de fornecer evidências de que as condições de alojamento podem influenciar na fisiologia do hamster há indícios de que também há influência no comportamento de agressividade dos animais. Este estudo visa auxiliar os pares na criação da espécie em biotérios de criação e experimentação, além de garantir confiança na reprodutibilidade de futuros estudos, uma vez que atualmente não existem informações o suficiente para o manejo correto do biomodelo.

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PREMISE: The outcomes of generalized mutualisms rely on partner trait variation. In pollination mutualisms, although less explored, intraspecific variation in pollinator traits can be pivotal for successful pollination. We investigated the role of intraspecific body size and behavioral trait variations of bumblebee Bombus morio on the pollination of a buzz-pollinated legume species, Chamaecrista latistipula. METHODS: To explore the impact of body size and behavior of B. morio on the pollination of C. latistipula, we observed visits to virgin flowers and quantified the pollen removal and deposition (pollination performance) and fruit and seed production (reproductive fitness). By analyzing video and sound recordings, we measured B. morio body size and behavior on each flower, including bee vibration descriptors. RESULTS: We observed intraspecific behavioral differences among B. morio bumblebees associated with different body sizes. Larger bumblebees had half the handling time and vibrational pulses, less angular displacement within flowers, and larger relative peak amplitudes during vibrations than smaller bumblebees did. Regardless of their large variation in size and behavior, bumblebees were equally effective in removing pollen and pollinating flowers. The high female reproductive fitness was independent of bumblebee body size and behavior, likely due to the interaction between both. On the other hand, larger bumblebees visited flowers for shorter periods, probably promoting higher male reproductive fitness. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to highlight the large intraspecific variation of bumblebee body size and behavior in buzz-pollinated flowers in the field. Together, body size and behavior effects unexpectedly cancel each other, generating a high buzz pollination efficiency.

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Aerobic exercise training (AET) has been used to manage heart disease. AET may totally or partially restore the activity and/or expression of proteins that regulate calcium (Ca2+) handling, optimize intracellular Ca2+ flow, and attenuate cardiac functional impairment in failing hearts. However, the literature presents conflicting data regarding the effects of AET on Ca2+ transit and cardiac function in rats with heart failure resulting from aortic stenosis (AoS). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of AET on Ca2+ handling and cardiac function in rats with heart failure due to AoS. Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: control (Sham; n = 61) and aortic stenosis (AoS; n = 44). After 18 weeks, the groups were redistributed into: non-exposed to exercise training (Sham, n = 28 and AoS, n = 22) and trained (Sham-ET, n = 33 and AoS-ET, n = 22) for 10 weeks. Treadmill exercise training was performed with a velocity equivalent to the lactate threshold. The cardiac function was analyzed by echocardiogram, isolated papillary muscles, and isolated cardiomyocytes. During assays of isolated papillary muscles and isolated cardiomyocytes, the Ca2+ concentrations were evaluated. The expression of regulatory proteins for diastolic Ca2+ was assessed via Western Blot. AET attenuated the diastolic dysfunction and improved the systolic function. AoS-ET animals presented an enhanced response to post-rest contraction and SERCA2a and L-type Ca2+ channel blockage compared to the AoS. Furthermore, AET was able to improve aspects of the mechanical function and the responsiveness of the myofilaments to the Ca2+ of the AoS-ET animals. AoS animals presented an alteration in the protein expression of SERCA2a and NCX, and AET restored SERCA2a and NCX levels near normal values. Therefore, AET increased SERCA2a activity and myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+ and improved the cellular Ca2+ influx mechanism, attenuating cardiac dysfunction at cellular, tissue, and chamber levels in animals with AoS and heart failure.

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La Resolución N° 16.264/13 del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC) reglamenta el procedimiento y monitoreo de las cantinas escolares del Paraguay. Su cumplimiento podría prevenir consecuencias negativas en salud pública. Evaluar el cumplimiento de la Resolución N° 16.264/13, venta de alimentos saludables y funcionamiento de cantinas de escuelas públicas de Tobatí. Estudio transversal en las cantinas de 11 escuelas. El instrumento fue una encuesta elaborada en base al Anexo 2 de la mencionada Resolución. Este estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la FCQ-UNA (Dictamen 242/16). Los manipuladores de 8/11 cantinas, afirmaron conocer la Resolución N° 16.264/13 y la mayoría no recibió capacitación correspondiente. En 8/11 establecimientos se constataron que los pisos, paredes y techos no estaban en buen estado; 6/11 mantenían limpias las superficies de contacto con alimentos; 7/8 contaba con ventilación adecuada. En todas las cantinas un solo personal manipula alimentos y dinero en simultáneo, la mayoría de ellos no contaba con la indumentaria adecuada (cofia y delantal). En los establecimientos estudiados, se observó con mayor frecuencia que se comercializaban embutidos y snacks dulces y salados, aunque también frutas y lácteos. No existían minutas con vegetales disponibles ni las preparaciones fritas se reemplazaban por las horneadas. El cumplimiento de la Resolución N° 16.264/13 en la mayoría de estas cantinas escolares fue bajo y en ellas predominó la venta de alimentos con alto contenido energético y escaso valor nutritivo.

The Resolution No. 16,264/13 of the Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) regulates the procedure and monitoring of school canteens in Paraguay. Its compliance could prevent negative consequences on public health. Evaluate compliance to Resolution No. 16,264/13, sale of healthy food and operation of canteens in public schools in Tobatí. A Cross-sectional study in 11 schools´ canteens. The questionaire was a survey based on Annex 2 of the Resolution and was approved by the FCQ-UNA Research Ethics Committee (242/16). The food handlers of 8/11 canteens stated that they were familiar with Resolution No. 16.264/13 and most of them received the corresponding training. In 8/11 establishments it was found that floors, walls, and ceilings were not in good condition; 6/11 kept food contact surfaces clean; 7/8 had adequate ventilation. In all the canteens, only one staff handled food and money at the same time, most of them did not have the appropriate clothing (cap and apron). Most of the establishments sold sausages and sweet and salty snacks, where fruits and dairy products were also sold, and no vegetable meal menus available, nor were fried foods replaced by baked foods. compliance to Resolution No. 16,264/13 in most of these school canteens was low and the sale of food with high energy content and low nutritional value predominated.

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Introducción: La Resolución N° 16.264/13 del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC) reglamenta el procedimiento y monitoreo de las cantinas escolares del Paraguay. Su cumplimiento podría prevenir consecuencias negativas en salud pública. Objetivos: Evaluar el cumplimiento de la Resolución N° 16.264/13, venta de alimentos saludables y funcionamiento de cantinas de escuelas públicas de Tobatí. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal en las cantinas de 11 escuelas. El instrumento fue una encuesta elaborada en base al Anexo 2 de la mencionada Resolución. Este estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la FCQ-UNA (Dictamen 242/16). Resultados: Los manipuladores de 8/11 cantinas, afirmaron conocer la Resolución N° 16.264/13 y la mayoría no recibió capacitación correspondiente. En 8/11 establecimientos se constataron que los pisos, paredes y techos no estaban en buen estado; 6/11 mantenían limpias las superficies de contacto con alimentos; 7/8 contaba con ventilación adecuada. En todas las cantinas un solo personal manipula alimentos y dinero en simultáneo, la mayoría de ellos no contaba con la indumentaria adecuada (cofia y delantal). En los establecimientos estudiados, se observó con mayor frecuencia que se comercializaban embutidos y snacks dulces y salados, aunque también frutas y lácteos. No existían minutas con vegetales disponibles ni las preparaciones fritas se reemplazaban por las horneadas. Conclusión: El cumplimiento de la Resolución N° 16.264/13 en la mayoría de estas cantinas escolares fue bajo y en ellas predominó la venta de alimentos con alto contenido energético y escaso valor nutritivo.

Introduction: The Resolution No. 16,264/13 of the Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) regulates the procedure and monitoring of school canteens in Paraguay. Its compliance could prevent negative consequences on public health. Objectives: Evaluate compliance to Resolution No. 16,264/13, sale of healthy food and operation of canteens in public schools in Tobatí. Materials and methods: A Cross-sectional study in 11 schools´ canteens. The questionaire was a survey based on Annex 2 of the Resolution and was approved by the FCQ-UNA Research Ethics Committee (242/16). Results: The food handlers of 8/11 canteens stated that they were familiar with Resolution No. 16.264/13 and most of them received the corresponding training. In 8/11 establishments it was found that floors, walls, and ceilings were not in good condition; 6/11 kept food contact surfaces clean; 7/8 had adequate ventilation. In all the canteens, only one staff handled food and money at the same time, most of them did not have the appropriate clothing (cap and apron). Most of the establishments sold sausages and sweet and salty snacks, where fruits and dairy products were also sold, and no vegetable meal menus available, nor were fried foods replaced by baked foods. Conclusion: compliance to Resolution No. 16,264/13 in most of these school canteens was low and the sale of food with high energy content and low nutritional value predominated.

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One of the main topics of cardiovascular research is the study of calcium (Ca2+) handling, as even small changes in Ca2+ concentration can alter cell functionality (Bers, Annu Rev Physiol, 2014, 76, 107-127). Ionic calcium (Ca2+) plays the role of a second messenger in eukaryotic cells, associated with cellular functions such as cell cycle regulation, transport, motility, gene expression, and regulation. The use of fluorometric techniques in isolated cells loaded with Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent probes allows quantitative measurement of dynamic events occurring in living, functioning cells. The Cardiomyocytes Images Analyzer Python (CardIAP) application addresses the need to analyze and retrieve information from confocal microscopy images systematically, accurately, and rapidly. Here we present CardIAP, an open-source tool developed entirely in Python, freely available and useable in an interactive web application. In addition, CardIAP can be used as a standalone Python library and freely installed via PIP, making it easy to integrate into biomedical imaging pipelines. The images that can be generated in the study of the heart have the particularity of requiring both spatial and temporal analysis. CardIAP aims to open the field of cardiomyocytes and intact hearts image processing. The improvement in the extraction of information from the images will allow optimizing the usage of resources and animals. With CardIAP, users can run the analysis to both, the complete image, and portions of it in an easy way, and replicate it on a series of images. This analysis provides users with information on the spatial and temporal changes in calcium releases and characterizes them. The web application also allows users to extract calcium dynamics data in downloadable tables, simplifying the calculation of alternation and discordance indices and their classification. CardIAP aims to provide a tool that could assist biomedical researchers in studying the underlying mechanisms of anomalous calcium release phenomena.

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AIMS: To investigate whether the obesity associated to T2DM presented cardiomyocyte myocardial contractility dysfunction due to damage in Ca2+ handling, concomitantly with increased biomarkers of oxidative stress. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: control (C): fed with standard diet; and obese (Ob) that fed a saturated high-fat. After the characterization of obesity (12 weeks), the Ob animals were submitted to T2DM induction with a single dose of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Thus, remained Ob rats that were characterized as to the presence (T2DMOb; n = 8) and/or absence (Ob; n = 10) of T2DM. Cardiac remodeling was measured by post-mortem morphological, isolated cardiomyocyte contractile function, as well as by intracellular Ca2+-handling analysis. RESULTS: T2DMOb presented a significant reduction of all fat pads, total body fat and adiposity index. T2DMOb group presented a significant increase in protein carbonylation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, respectively. T2DMOb promoted elevations in fractional shortening (15.6 %) and time to 50 % shortening (5.8 %), respectively. Time to 50 % Ca2+ decay was prolonged in T2DMOb, suggesting a possible impairment in Ca2+recapture and/or removal. CONCLUSION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus in obesity promotes prolongation of cardiomyocyte contractile function with protein carbonylation damage and impaired Ca2+ handling.

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Este documento presenta una exhaustiva verificación de los sistemas de blindaje en un servicio de terapias radiometabólicas, ubicada en el cuarto piso del edificio de Medicina Nuclear. En esta área, se llevan a cabo terapias con I 131 , Lu177 y Ra223 al menos tres veces por semana, atendiendo a un promedio de 60 pacientes al mes, de los cuales aproximadamente 15 son tratados con terapias de baja actividad. Todo esto se realiza en estricto cumplimiento de los límites de dosis establecidos para la zona, los horarios de ocupación, los puntos de control y el equipo de medición correspondiente. La metodología propuesta está diseñada para abordar las necesidades prácticas de los centros de terapias radiometabólicas en su funcionamiento diario, considerando las condiciones reales de exposición. Los resultadosconfirman la idoneidad de los sistemas de blindaje, adaptados específicamente a las actividades desarrolladas en estas instalaciones

This document presents an exhaustive verification of shielding systems in a radiometabolic therapy service, located on the fourth floor of the Nuclear Medicine building. In this area, therapies with I 131, Lu177 and Ra223 are carried out at least three times a week, serving an average of 60 patients per month, of which approximately 15 are treated with low-activity therapies. All this is carried out in strict compliance with the dose limits established for the zone, the occupation times, the control points and the corresponding measurement equipment. The proposed methodology is designed to address the practical needs of radiometabolic therapy centers in their daily operation, considering real exposure conditions. The results confirm the suitability of the shielding systems, specifically adapted to the activities carried out in these installations

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BACKGROUND: In Chile there is a high risk profile of developing cancer which is associated, among other factors, to eating behaviors and, in this line, it is essential for cancer survivors to have access to nutritional advice that includes aproppriate food safety practices. The objective of this study is to characterize the level of adherence of cancer survivors to safe food-handling practices and dietary patterns in a Chilean National Health Survey. METHODS: Secondary analysis study, conducted using the National Health Survey 2016-2017 database. The association between adherence to dietary patterns and safe food-handling practices was conducted by means of a logistic regression analisys, considering a p value of <0.05 as statistically significant. RESULTS: 2765 participants, females, 5.8% were cancer survivors who adhered twice more to the safe food-handling practice "wash your hands with soap and water before preparing food and before eating", and 1.5 times more to the practice "keep raw meat separate from other foods when preparing food or cooking". In both groups, it was observed a low adherence to achieve the recommendations on healthy weight, physical activity, fruits and vegetables consumption, and alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption of the WCRF/AICR. CONCLUSIONS: Partial adherence to the safe food-handling recommendations and low adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations were observed among cancer survivors and subjects without cancer.

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El comercio ambulante de alimentos listos para el consumo ha crecido exponencialmente a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, la falta de condiciones óptimas de preparación y expendio de estos alimentos pueden afectar su inocuidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad microbiológica de 19 tipos de alimentos (n= 417), con y sin tratamiento térmico, expendidos en espacios públicos en Cuenca, Ecuador. Según el grupo de alimentos, se analizaron aerobios mesófilos, coliformes/Escherichia coli, mohos y levaduras, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Listeria spp., Clostridium perfringes y Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Para la identificación y recuento de los microorganismos se aplicaron normativas nacionales y, en casos de ausencia, se adoptaron normas de otros países. Como resultado, el 55,4% de las muestras se consideraron no aptas para el consumo. S. aureus fue el microorganismo patógeno presuntivo de mayor prevalencia (81,7%). El incumplimiento de las normativas fue significativamente mayor entre los alimentos sin tratamiento térmico (54,1%) en comparación con aquellos térmicamente tratados (24%) y los que combinan ingredientes con y sin tratamiento (21,9%) (p<0,001). Se destaca el alto porcentaje de incumplimiento de alimentos sin tratamiento térmico que son manipulados en su preparación, como los jugos. Además, se observó que el tratamiento térmico no garantizó la inocuidad, sugiriendo una posible recontaminación del alimento luego de su preparación hasta su expendio y consumo, por medios ambientales y/o adición de otros ingredientes contaminados. Este estudio recalca la necesidad de acciones concretas con este sector, basados principalmente en capacitación, infraestructura e inclusión, para garantizar la salud de los consumidores.

Street-vending trade in ready-to-eat foods has grown exponentially, worldwide. However, the lack of optimal conditions for the preparation and sale of these foods can affect their safety. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of 19 types of foods (n= 417), with and without heat treatment, sold in public spaces in Cuenca, Ecuador. According to the food group, mesophilic aerobes, coliforms/Escherichia coli, molds and yeasts, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Listeria spp., Clostridium perfringens, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were examined. For microorganisms identification and counting, national regulations were applied and, in cases of absence, regulations from other countries were adopted. As a result, 55,4% of the samples were considered inadequate for consumption. S. aureus was the most prevalent presumptive pathogenic microorganism (81.7%). Non-compliance with regulations was significantly higher among foods without heat treatment (54.1%) compared to those heat treated (24%) and those that combine ingredients with and without treatment (21.9%) (p<0.001). The high percentage of non-compliance with foods without heat treatment that is handled for preparation, such as juices, stands out. In addition, it was observed that the heat treatment did not guarantee safety, suggesting possible food recontamination after preparation until sale and consumption, due to environmental means and/or the addition of other contaminated ingredients. This study emphasizes the need for concrete actions in this sector, mainly based on training, infrastructure, and inclusion, to guarantee consumers' health.