RESUMO
Resumo: Este artigo analisou o processo de construção e execução de uma pesquisa acerca da gravidez na adolescência com jovens do ensino médio no cotidiano de uma escola pública estadual de Fortaleza-CE, a partir de um estudo qualitativo com base na pesquisa-intervenção. Por meio de um curso de extensão para estudantes secundaristas, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa na escola em que as próprias jovens da escola pública foram copesquisadoras do tema gravidez na adolescência no cotidiano escolar. Utilizou-se as ferramentas metodológicas de diários de campo, questionário on-line e restituição. Os resultados mostraram que há diferenças nos papéis de mãe e pai na adolescência, dificuldades para a conclusão da vida escolar e prejuízos na inserção no mercado de trabalho, principalmente para as meninas. Portanto, a pesquisa possibilitou problematizar o lugar de representatividade das pautas de maternidade e paternidade fomentando espaços de escuta e dialogicidade na promoção da equidade com estudantes que experienciam a maternidade e paternidade.
Abstract: This article aimed to analyze the process of constructing and conducting research on teenage pregnancy with high school students in the daily life of a public school in Fortaleza, Ceará, based on a qualitative study using the Intervention Research approach. By an extension course for high school students, a research project was developed in the school in which the public school students themselves were co-researchers on the topic of teenage pregnancy in the school environment. The methodological tools used were field journals, online questionnaires, and restitution. Results showed differences in the roles of the mother and father during adolescence, difficulties in completing education, and obstacles in entering the job market, especially for girls. Therefore, this research could question the representation of maternity and paternity issues, promoting spaces for listening and dialogue in the promotion of equity with students who experience parenthood.
Résumé : Cet article a analysé la construction et réalisation d'une recherche avec de lycéens sur la grossesse adolescente dans la vie quotidienne d'une école publique de Fortaleza-CE, dès une étude qualitative de recherche-intervention. Avec un cours d'extension pour des élèves du secondaire, une recherche a été menée où les élèves de l'école publique étaient co-chercheurs sur la grossesse adolescente dans l'école. Des journaux de terrain, des questionnaires en ligne et des restitutions ont été utilisés. Les résultats ont montré des différences dans les rôles de mère et de père pendant l'adolescence, des difficultés à mener à terme leur scolarité et des préjudices dans leur insertion sur le marché du travail, surtout pour les filles. Donc, la recherche a permis de questionner la représentativité des enjeux de maternité et de paternité, en favorisant des espaces d'écoute et de dialogue pour promouvoir l'équité avec les étudiants qui vivent la maternité et la paternité.
Resumen: Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar el proceso de construcción e implementación de una investigación con estudiantes de secundaria sobre el tema del embarazo adolescente en la vida cotidiana de una escuela pública de Fortaleza, Ceará (Brasil), basada en un estudio cualitativo de investigación-intervención. A partir de un curso de extensión, se desarrolló una investigación en la escuela donde las propias estudiantes de secundaria fueron coinvestigadoras sobre el tema del embarazo adolescente. Se utilizaron como herramientas metodológicas un cuestionario en línea, diario de campo y restitución. Los resultados mostraron diferencias en el papel de la madre y el padre durante la adolescencia, dificultades para completar la vida escolar y dificultades para entrar en el mercado laboral, especialmente para las chicas. Por lo tanto, esta investigación permitió problematizar el papel representacional de la maternidad y la paternidad, propiciando espacios de escucha y de diálogo para promover la equidad con los estudiantes que experimentan estos roles.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Gravidez na Adolescência/psicologia , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Paternidade , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Mães Adolescentes/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Our aim in this study was to evaluate breastfeeding up to 1 year postpartum and factors related to weaning in women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: We assembled a cohort study of women with GDM enrolled in prenatal clinics of the Brazilian National Health System as possible candidates for the Lifestyle Intervention for Diabetes Prevention After Pregnancy (LINDA-Brasil) postpartum trial (N=2,220). Sociodemographics and clinical and nutritional information, including breastfeeding, were obtained by interview or chart review. Follow-up by telephone was done at specific intervals during the first year postpartum. RESULTS: The probability of breastfeeding at 1 year postpartum, estimated from Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, was 53.5%. Cox regression models showed increased risk of weaning for those introducing milk or formula before 6 months (hazard ratio [HR], 2.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.10 to 3.09); reporting problems in breastfeeding (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.82); being Caucasian (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.76); smoking during pregnancy (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.28 to 2.20); and living in 2 southern cities of Brazil (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.16; and HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.58). CONCLUSIONS: About half of the women with GDM ceased breastfeeding before 1 year postpartum, a rate matching that of the general population in Brazil. The main risk factor was not exclusively breastfeeding up to 6 months. Given the possibility of curbing diabetes risk by maintaining longer breastfeeding, further promotion of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months for these high-risk women is much needed.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Diabetes Gestacional , Aleitamento Materno , Estudos de Coortes , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Diabetes Gestacional/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Período Pós-Parto , GravidezRESUMO
The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has impacted families' mental health around the globe. In June 2020, 1163 parents of high (43%), middle (47%), and low socioeconomic status (SES) (10%) participated in an online survey developed to explore how daily life changes and restrictions that came with COVID-19 affected the experiences of pregnancy and/or parenting children under the age of 5 in Chile. The survey's design had an exploratory and descriptive scope, with a mix of qualitative and quantitative questions. With the aim of exploring differences before and after COVID-19, two time periods were established, and the 47-item questionnaire covered participants' sociodemographic information, support networks, health concerns, mood changes, self-regulation, adult and children's perceived well-being, parental competencies and parents' perceptions of the unborn baby and/or their children's needs. The results relative to retrospective reporting of pre-pandemic levels, showed an increase in children's crying and tantrums as well as in parental irritability and sadness. Additionally, decreases in the ability to calm down and sleep quality in both parents and children were identified. Finally, at a qualitative level, COVID-19 stands out both as an opportunity to get to know their children better and as a stressor related to parental burn-out and discomfort.
La sin precedentes pandemia del COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto en la salud mental de las familias alrededor del mundo. En junio de 2020, 1,163 progenitores de condiciones socioeconómicas (SES) altas (43%), medias (47%) y bajas (10%) participaron en una encuesta por computadora desarrollada para explorar cómo los cambios en la vida diaria y las restricciones que surgieron con el COVID-19 afectaron las experiencias de embarazo y/o crianza de niños bajo la edad de 5 años en Chile. El diseño de la encuesta tenía un alcance exploratorio y descriptivo, con una mezcla de preguntas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Con el propósito de explorar las diferencias antes y después del COVID-19, se establecieron dos períodos de tiempo, y el cuestionario de 47 puntos cubría la información sociodemográfica de los participantes, las redes de apoyo, las preocupaciones relacionadas con la salud, los cambios en el estado de ánimo, la autorregulación, la percepción del bienestar de adultos y niños, las competencias de los padres y las percepciones de los padres acerca del bebé no nacido y/o las necesidades de sus niños. Los resultados relativos al reporte retrospectivo de niveles previos a la pandemia mostraron un incremento en el llanto y las rabietas de los niños como también en la irritabilidad y estado de tristeza de los padres. Adicionalmente, se identificó una disminución en la habilidad de calmar y la calidad del sueño tanto en padres como en niños. Finalmente, al nivel cualitativo, el COVID-19 se presenta tanto como una oportunidad de llegar a conocer mejor a sus niños y como un factor de estrés relacionado con la fatiga y la incomodidad de los padres.
La pandémie sans précédent du COVID-19 a impacté la santé mentale des familles dans le monde entier. En juin 2020 1163 parents issus d'un milieu socioéconomique élevé (43%), moyen (47%) et peu élevé (10%) ont participé à un questionnaire en ligne afin d'explorer comment les changements de la vie de tous les jours et les restrictions qui ont accompagné le COVID-19 ont affecté les expériences de grossesse et/ou le parentage d'enfants sous l'âge de 5 ans au Chili. La conception de l'enquête avait une portée exploratoire et descriptive, avec un mélange de questions qualitatives et quantitatives. Avec le but d'explorer les différences entre l'avant et l'après COVID-19, deux périodes de temps ont été établies, et le questionnaire de 47 éléments a couvert les renseignements sociodémographiques des participants, leurs réseaux de soutien, leurs inquiétudes relatives à la santé, les changements d'humeurs, l'auto-régulation, le bien-être perçu des adultes et des enfants, les compétences parentales et les perceptions des parents du bébé à naître et/ou des besoins de leurs enfants. Les résultats relatifs aux états de fait rétrospectifs de niveaux pré pandémiques ont montré une augmentation des pleurs des enfants et des crises des enfants ainsi qu'une augmentation de l'irritabilité et de la tristesse parentale. De plus des baisses dans la capacité à se calmer t dans la qualité de sommeil des deux parents et des enfants ont été identifiées. Finalement, au niveau qualitatif, le COVID-19 se distingue à la fois en tant qu'une chance de mieux connaître leurs enfants et en tant que facteur de stress lié au burn-out et au malaise parental.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Adulto , Criança , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Pandemias , Poder Familiar , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: A survey was conducted in the maternity hospitals of French Guiana in 2017-2018 centered on uses of tobacco, alcohol and pemba (clay) during pregnancy, including questions about violence and the perception of adverse situations during pregnancy. The data used here allow an analysis of lifetime violence and the experience of the last pregnancy. METHODS: An ad hoc questionnaire was designed including some questions to identify at risk situations and T-Ace items for measuring problematic alcohol use. It was adapted to specificities of the local population groups, migrants or from borders, and asking for the maternal tongue. It was administered to women following childbirth. The questionnaire was strictly anonymous. The ethics committee had validated the questionnaire and the collection procedures (Decision 2017-25). In addition, to the issue of violence, seven questions were asked about women's experiences with pregnancy. A bivariate analysis identified significantly associated variables that were used for a multicomponent analysis to identify a typology of women based on their pregnancy experience (Modalisa8 and SPSS19). The very small number of women who smoked tobacco or cannabis during pregnancy (16 and 7 women respectively) led us to ignore these variables. RESULTS: The survey interviewed 789 women throughout Guyana. They were on average 28.9 years old at this pregnancy and had an average of 3.24 living children comprised this newborn. The questioned women were younger than in metropolitan France, less often married, with a low level of education, often foreigners, especially Haitian or Surinamese. Overall, 174 women, or 22% of the total reported having experienced violence in their lifetime, with four women refusing to answer the question. The profiles of the concerned women were not very different according to their ages or levels of education, but differed significantly from the average on several characteristics, such as their mother tongue, marital status, nationalities, whether living on state aid not related to employment or family allowances, or having no resources, living around Cayenne or Kourou and having been on the territory for less than two years. Three groups of women were distinguished by the multicomponent analysis. The first group comprised essentially foreign women living around Cayenne, alone with children, having a low educational level, and having experienced difficulties to cope with this pregnancy. They reported no use of psychoactive substances. They experienced violence more often than in the other groups (almost one in two). One in five had migrated during the last pregnancy. The second group was composed more often of French women, born in Guyana or in metropolitan France. They more often lived with a partner, had a good educational level, personal or marital incomes. They expressed more often worry, with sleep problems but with an entourage to rely on. Before pregnancy they drank alcohol at events but one in three had a T-Ace scoring at two or more. They had a good pregnancy follow-up. The last group was composed of women living around Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni or in remote communities, with a low educational level, living alone with numerous children. They didn't feel worry and had good sleep. They didn't experience violence. They differed by their use of pemba and beer and late or inadequate pregnancy follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Data on violence in French Guyana show that young people and women declare more often having experienced physical violence, in or out of family life. Young women are overrepresented thus a survey in childbearing women must reveal a high frequency of these events. Our data allow us to go further, by associating this experience of violence and the experience of pregnancy with socio-demographic variables. We can thus see that the overall average obtained on a large number of indicators is smoothed by extremely contrasting situations, of women feeling safe or not, well followed or not for this pregnancy, etc. The groups distinguished by the MCA reveal the contrast between women of Haitian nationality in the Cayenne region and Surinamese or Nengee-speaking women, who are grouped around Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni or in the isolated municipalities of western Guyana. One sub-group stands out in particular for the combination of lifetime violence and very unfavorable conditions during the last pregnancy, both of precariousness, isolation and recent migration. The experience of violence and pregnancy in poor conditions require close actions to take charge of these women, especially since they are at risk for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Migrantes , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Guiana Francesa/epidemiologia , Haiti , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , ViolênciaRESUMO
No imaginário social é comum a fantasia de que a mulher é tomada de sentimentos nobres ao receber um filho. Entretanto, a experiência clínica ensina que a maternidade pode ser um momento de intenso mal-estar, expresso sob a forma de conflitos, sintomas e angústia. O presente artigo procura mostrar, por meio de reflexões teóricas e apresentações de vinhetas clínicas, que o ciclo gravídico-puerperal é um processo em que a mulher está exposta a vivenciar algo da ordem do traumático capaz de desorganizá-la psiquicamente.
In the social imaginary, there is a widespread fantasy in which woman is taken of noble feelings when giving birth to a child. However, clinical experience teaches that motherhood can be a time of intense malaise, expressed in the form of conflicts, symptoms and distress. This paper tries to show, through theoretical reflections and presenting clinical vignettes, that the pregnancy-puerperal cycle is a process in which women are exposed to traumatic experiences that are capable of disorganizing them psychically.
Dans l'imaginaire social, il est courant de penser que la femme éprouve des sentiments nobles lorsqu'elle met au monde un enfant. Cependant, l'expérience clinique montre que la maternité peut être une période de malaise intense, exprimée sous forme de conflits, de symptômes et de détresse. Cet article essaie de montrer, par le biais des réflexions théoriques et des présentations de vignettes cliniques, que le cycle grossesse-puerpérale est un processus dans lequel la femme est exposée à quelque chose de traumatisant capable de provoquer en elle un désordre psychique
En el imaginario social, es común la fantasía de que la mujer es colmada de sentimientos nobles al recibir a un hijo. Sin embargo, la experiencia clínica enseña que la maternidad puede ser un momento de intenso malestar, expresado en forma de conflictos, síntomas y angustia. El presente artículo busca mostrar, mediante reflexiones teóricas y presentaciones de viñetas clínicas, que el ciclo embarazo-puerperio es un proceso en que la mujer está expuesta a vivir experiencias de orden traumático capaces de desorganizarla psíquicamente.
Gemäß der sozialen Vorstellung soll es üblich sein, dass eine Frau edle Gefühle entwickelt, wenn sie ein Kind empfängt. Die klinische Erfahrung lehrt jedoch, dass die Mutterschaft eine Zeit intensiven Unwohlseins sein kann, ausgedrückt in Form von Konflikten, Symptomen und Leiden. Dieser Artikel versucht aufzuzeigen, mittels theoretischer Überlegungen und der Beschreibung klinischer Vignetten, dass der Zyklus zwischen Schwangerschaft und Wochenbett ein Prozess ist, während dem die Frau einer traumatischen Erfahrung ausgesetzt ist, die sie psychisch desorganisieren kann.
RESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si existe relación entre la percepción del embarazo y su apoyo familiar, en mujeres portadoras del Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana, de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar número. 39, de la Delegación Tabasco. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio correlacional, descriptivo, transversal en 26 derechohabientes mujeres portadoras del VIH, con previo consentimiento informado. Se utilizó una Cédula de datos sociodemográficos, así como cuestionario de percepción del embarazo y escala MOS para evaluar apoyo familiar. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central (media, mediana y moda), Chi cuadrada de Pearson. Resultados: Se obtuvo una edad media de 36 años, con un estado civil soltera. Tipología familiar: predomina la familia nuclear. Ciclo vital familiar: mayormente se encuentran en etapa de expansión. Percepción del embarazo en mujeres con VIH fue regular, con escasez de apoyo social. Mediante prueba analítica se obtuvo que no existe relación entre las variables percepción de embarazo y apoyo social en mujeres portadoras de este virus. Conclusiones: Se observó que el padecimiento no es un impedimento para decidir entre tener un embarazo, independientemente del apoyo familiar.
Abstract Objective: To evalúate the relationship between the perception of pregnancy and family support in women with human immunodeficiency virus, UMF 39 beneficiaries, Tabasco Delegation. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 26 female HIV positive women, with prior informed consent. A sociodemographic data card was used, as well as a pregnancy perception questionnaire and MOS scale to evaluate family support. We used measures of central tendency (mean, median and fashion), Chi square of Pearson. Results: A mean age of 36 years was obtained, with a single marital status. Family typology: the nuclear family predominates. Family life cycle: mostly in the expansion stage. Perception of pregnancy in women with HIV was regular, with a lack of social support. It was obtained by analytical test that there is no relation between the variables perception of pregnancy and social support in this virus carrier women. Conclusions: It was observed that the condition is not an impediment to decide having a pregnancy, regardless of family support.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar qual é a relação entre a percepção da gravidez e do apoio familiar para as mulheres que vivem com o virus da imunodeficiencia humana, sucessores da UMF 39, Delegação Tabasco. Materiais e métodos: Um estudo de correlação, descritiva, em corte transversal foi feito em 26 mulheres beneficiarías e soropositivas, com consentimento informado prévio ao estudo. O ato de dados sócio demográficos foi usado e um questionário da percepção da gravidez e a escala MOS para avaliar o apoio da familia. Usaram-se medidas de tendencia central (média, mediana e moda), X2 de Pearson. Resultados: Foi obtido uma idade média de 36 anos, com um estado civil de solteira. Tipologia familiar: predomina a familia nuclear. Ciclo de vida familiar: na maior parte estão em fase de expansão. Percepção da gravidez em mulheres com HIV foi normal, com escasso no apoio social. Ele foi obtida por testes analíticos que náo tem relação entre as variáveis percebidas no apoio social durante a gravidez e mulheres portadoras deste vírus. Conclusões: Observou-se que a condição não é um impedimento para decidir entre ter uma gravidez, independentemente do apoio familiar.
Résumé Objectif: Évaluer la relation entre la perception de la grossesse et le soutien familial chez les femmes vivant avec le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine qui assistent a l'Unité de Médecine Familiale numéro 39 de la Délégation Tabasco. Matériaux et méthodes: Une étude corrélative, descriptive et transversale a été menée avec 26 femmes séropositives ayant donné leur consentement éclairé. Un formulaire de données sociodémographiques a été utilisé, ainsi qu'un questionnaire su la perception de la grossesse et le questionnaire MOS pour évaluer le soutien familial. Des mesures de tendance centrale (la moyenne, la médiane et le mode) et le test Khi-deux de Pearson ont été utilisés. Résultats: L'age moyen a été de 36 ans. L'état civil de célibataire, la famille nucléaire et la phase d'expansion du cycle de vie familiale ont prédominé. La perception de la grossesse chez les femmes vivant avec le VIH a été de qualité moyenne, avec peu de soutien social. Des tests analytiques ont montré qu'il n'existe pas de relation entre les variables perception de la grossesse et soutien social chez ces femmes porteuses de ce virus. Conclusions: Il a été observé que la condition de porteuse du VIH n'est pas un obstacle pour décider d'une grossesse, indépendamment du soutien familial
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: While the relationship between inorganic arsenic exposure and psychological impairment has been studied previously, the association between low-level arsenic exposure during pregnancy and postpartum depression has not yet been examined. The objective is to estimate the association between low-level arsenic exposure during pregnancy and the Edinburgh score. METHODS: A sample of 223 women was collected from five public health services in Arica, Chile. Participation was voluntary and written consent was mandatory. Sociodemographic data related to arsenic exposure and urine samples for total inorganic arsenic assessments were collected during the second trimester. Postpartum depression symptoms were estimated by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression scale. We examined descriptive statistics and ran multiple linear regressions. The modifying effect of age and depression history was evaluated separately. RESULTS: The median for total urinary inorganic arsenic was 14.6µg/L (range: 2-69.2µg/L), the median for postpartum depression score was 8 points (range: 0-27 points) and 20.6% of women were considered as postpartum depressed. For women older than 25years old without depression history, the adjusted coefficient for the total urinary natural logarithm of inorganic arsenic in multiple linear regressions was -2.51 (95% CI: -4.54, -0.48; P-value=0.02). For women older than 25years old with a depression history, this value was 2.09 (95% CI: -0.90, 5.08; P-value=0.16). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, the number of children, physical perception, depression history, stressful maternity, and age were associated with postpartum depression score. The Edinburgh score was associated with inorganic arsenic in women older than 25years without depression history.
Assuntos
Intoxicação por Arsênico/epidemiologia , Arsênio/toxicidade , Depressão Pós-Parto/epidemiologia , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Intoxicação por Arsênico/psicologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Depressão Pós-Parto/etiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/psicologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology of malaria in pregnancy in Haiti. METHODS: Cross-sectional study among pregnant women in six departments of Haiti. After obtaining informed consent, whole blood samples and demographic surveys were collected to investigate malaria prevalence, anaemia and socio-behavioural risk factors for infection, respectively. A total of 311 pregnant women were screened for Plasmodium falciparum infection using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), microscopy and a novel, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: Overall, 1.2% (4/311) of pregnant women were tested positive for malaria infection by both microscopy and RDT. However, using the qRT-PCR, 16.4% (51/311) of pregnant women were positive. The prevalence of malaria infection varied with geographical locations ranging between 0% and 46.4%. Additionally, 53% of pregnant women had some form of anaemia; however, no significant association was found between anaemia and submicroscopic malaria infection. The socio-behavioural risk factors identified to be protective of malaria infection were marital status (P < 0.05) and travel within one month prior to screening (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study is the first to document the high prevalence of submicroscopic malaria infections among pregnant women in Haiti and identify social and behavioural risk factors for disease transmission.
Assuntos
Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Plasmodium falciparum , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Haiti/epidemiologia , Humanos , Malária Falciparum/parasitologia , Malária Falciparum/transmissão , Estado Civil , Microscopia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/parasitologia , Prevalência , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fatores de Risco , Viagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Chagas disease in pregnant women in an endemic area of Santander, Colombia. METHODS: Cross-sectional study included 23 municipalities of Santander, Colombia. Serological IFAT and ELISA tests were undertaken to detect IgG anti- Trypanosoma cruzi. A questionnaire was conducted for assessing the risk factors of each participant. Newborns were evaluated at birth and followed up to 1 year of age to determine congenital infection. RESULTS: An overall prevalence of 3.2% (95% CI 2.4-4.2) among 1518 pregnant women was detected. Prevalences by provinces were as follows: Guanentina: 6.0% (95% CI 4.1-8.5), García Rovira: 2.9% (95% CI: 1.5-4.8) and Comunera: 0.4% (0.4-2.3). The main risk factors identified were age >32 years old (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-3.9); currently having a thatched roof (OR: 11.8; CI95% 2.2-63.2) and a thatched roof during childhood (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.4-6.6); having below primary school education level (OR: 4.6; 95% CI: 2.2-9.5); and a history of a close contact with the vector (triatomine bugs) at least once during their lifetime (OR: 6.9; 95% CI: 3.7-12.9). No congenital cases were detected by parasitological or serological techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women is a potential source of infection in this Colombian endemic area. The main risk factors associated with seropositivity were related to conditions favouring the contact with the vector. The results show that it is necessary to continue an active surveillance in order to offer diagnosis and treatment to mothers and their newborns in addition to screening to pregnant women from endemic areas.
RESUMO
Quelle incidence de porter deux enfants sur l'expérience psychique des femmes ? Dans cette étude qualitative et comparative, nous avons rencontré dix femmes enceintes: trois de jumeaux de même sexe, trois de jumeaux de sexe différent et quatre d'un enfant unique. Elles ont répondu à un entretien semi-directif, à une échelle de représentations sémantique-différentielle et réalisé deux dessins. Les résultats montrent l'intérêt de favoriser les échanges entre les femmes enceintes de jumeaux, afin de faciliter leurs identifications et de les rassurer sur leurs compétences maternelles. Ils soulignent aussi la nécessité de proposer un espace pour que les femmes enceintes de jumeaux de même sexe, notamment, puissent verbaliser leurs peurs et leurs fantasmes concernant leurs enfants et la relation gémellaire qu'ils pourraient entretenir.
What is the impact of carrying two fetuses on the psychological experience of women? In this qualitative comparative study, ten women have been met: three were expecting samesex twins, three were expecting sex-different twins, and four women were carrying a singleton pregnancy. They responded to a semi-structured interview and to a semantic-differential maternal representations scale, and have drawn two pictures. The results underscore the need of encourage women expecting twins to discuss with other women experiencing the same situation in order to facilitate their identification processes and to support their maternal sense of competence. In particular, it's important to offer women expecting same-sex twins the opportunity to verbalize their fears and projections regarding their fetuses and their future twin relationship.
Qual é o impacto de esperar gêmeos para a experiência psicológica da mulher grávida? Neste estudo qualitativo e comparativo, dez mulheres grávidas foram encontradas: 3 grávidas de gêmeos do mesmo sexo, 3 de gêmeos de sexo diferente e 4 esperando um único bebê. As mulheres responderam a uma entrevista semidiretiva e a uma escala semântica-diferencial de representações maternas, e realizaram dois desenhos. Os resultados mostram a importância de se favorecer as trocas entre mulheres grávidas de gêmeos para facilitar seus processos de identificação e tranquilizá-las quanto às suas competências maternas. Afirmam também a necessidade de proporcionar um espaço, sobretudo para mulheres esperando gêmeos do mesmo sexo, para que possam verbalizar seus medos e fantasias com respeito aos seus filhos e à relação gemelar que poderão estabelecer.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Gravidez , Relações Materno-Fetais , Gravidez de Gêmeos , Identificação PsicológicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Substance use has increased worldwide. Based on these data, we may think that substance use has also increased during pregnancy, but epidemiological data are scarce in this population. The potential consequences of tobacco, cocaine or cannabis use during pregnancy are a major public health concern. The combined use of different substances during pregnancy may have serious consequences on the pregnancy and on child development. METHODS: In this paper, we will describe the potential consequences for the newborn, child and adolescent after being exposed to tobacco, cannabis and cocaine in utero. For this purpose, we will review all retrospective and prospective studies (in English and French) referenced in PubMed reporting on the somatic or psychiatric consequences of alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption by pregnant women on newborn and children. Consumption during pregnancy was assessed in these studies using simple questionnaires, biomarkers analysis or both. RESULTS: Generally speaking, these pregnancies are at high risk for both the mother and the foetus: for example, an increased risk of miscarriage or of reduced length of gestation, an increased risk of uterine apoplexy and placenta praevia, more premature births and/or hypotrophy were reported. The occurrence of a newborn's withdrawal syndrome may be misdiagnosed. Many consequences on child development may be observed such as growth disorders, learning or motor disorders, language disorders, cognitive disorders (attention, memory, executive functions), attention deficit disorders with impulsivity or with hyperactivity (ADHD), and memory disorders. The prevalence of depressive or anxiety disorders may also be increased in these children. The risk of addictive disorders or schizophrenia in children exposed in utero to illicit drugs or tobacco is still unknown. The combined use of different substances increases, consequently it is difficult to disentangle the consequences on child development of each of the drugs used during pregnancy owing to potential interactions between these drugs. The consequences on child development will also depend on the dose and on the time of drug use during pregnancy. DISCUSSION: The National Institute of Drug Abuse reported that 75% of the infants exposed in utero to one or more substances will present medical problems during childhood, as compared to only 27% of the non-exposed infants. However, the medical consequences are still a matter of controversies. Methodological biases, such as the use of different rating scales among studies, and the heterogeneity of the populations included are main limitations. Further studies are needed using larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/complicações , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/induzido quimicamente , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal/epidemiologia , Abuso de Maconha/complicações , Abuso de Maconha/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/etiologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Transtornos do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal/diagnóstico , França , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal/diagnóstico , GravidezRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a constelação da maternidade no contexto da gravidez na adolescência. Foi utilizado um delineamento de estudo de caso coletivo, com a participação de três adolescentes grávidas, primíparas, que estavam no terceiro trimestre da gestação. Foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo qualitativa das entrevistas e os dados foram categorizados seguindo os quatro temas da constelação da maternidade: vidacrescimento, relacionar-se primário, matriz de apoio e reorganização da identidade. Por serem gestantes, as questões do tema relacionar-se primário apareceram fortemente ligadas às suas expectativas em relação à maternidade e ao bebê, porém algumas participantes demonstraram dificuldades em criar tais expectativas. A diferença mais marcante da constelação da maternidade entre as gestantes adolescentes se deu no tema da reorganização da identidade, no qual os aspectos mais salientados se referiram a uma reorganização e busca da identidade adolescente concomitante à passagem para o mundo adulto.(AU)
The aim of this study was to investigate the motherhood constellation in the context of teenage pregnancy. We used a multiple-case study, which involved three pregnant teenagers, primiparous, who were in the third trimester of pregnancy. Qualitative content analysis was performed and data were categorized following the four themes of the motherhood constellation: life-growth, primary relatedness, support matrix and identity reorganization. Being pregnant, the issues related to the primary relatedness theme appeared strongly linked to their expectations of motherhood and the baby, but some participants demonstrated difficulties in creating such expectations. The most striking differences in the motherhood constellation among pregnant teenagers occurred on the theme of identity reorganization, in which the aspects highlighted told about the reorganization and adolescent search for identity concurrent with the transition to the adult world, and a reorganization of the social identity level.(AU)
Le but de cette étude a été d'étudier la Constellation de la maternité dans le contexte de la grossesse chez les adolescentes. Nous avons utilisé une étude de conception collective de cas, avec la participation de trois adolescents enceintes de son premier enfant, qui étaient dans le troisième trimestre de la grossesse. Nous avons effectué une analyse de contenu qualitative des entrevues et les données ont été classées selon les quatre thèmes de la Constellation de la maternité : la vie et la croissance, le rapport primaire, la matrice d'appui la réorganisation d'identité. Pour être des femmes eenceintes, le thème du rapport primaire paraissait fortement liée à leurs attentes en matière de maternité et de bébé...(AU)
El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar la constelación de la maternidad en el contexto del embarazo en la adolescencia. Se utilizó un diseño de estudio de caso colectivo, con la participación de tres adolescentes embarazadas de su primer hijo que se encontraban en el tercer trimestre del embarazo. Se realizó análisis de contenido cualitativo de las entrevistas y los datos fueron categorizados siguiendo los cuatro temas de la constelación maternal: la vida-crecimiento, la relación primaria, la matriz de soporte y la reorganización de identidad. Porque son mujeres embarazadas, las cuestiones relacionadas con el tema relación primaria aparecían fuertemente pegadas a sus expectativas en relación a la maternidad y al bebé, pero algunas participantes demostraron dificultades en la creación de tales expectativas. La diferencia más notable en la constelación de la maternidad de las adolescentes embarazadas se presentó en el tema de la reorganización de la identidad, en el cual los aspectos destacados se refirieron a una reorganización y a la búsqueda de la identidad de los adolescentes simultánea a la transición hacia el mundo adulto.(AU)
Assuntos
Gravidez na Adolescência , Poder FamiliarRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a constelação da maternidade no contexto da gravidez na adolescência. Foi utilizado um delineamento de estudo de caso coletivo, com a participação de três adolescentes grávidas, primíparas, que estavam no terceiro trimestre da gestação. Foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo qualitativa das entrevistas e os dados foram categorizados seguindo os quatro temas da constelação da maternidade: vidacrescimento, relacionar-se primário, matriz de apoio e reorganização da identidade. Por serem gestantes, as questões do tema relacionar-se primário apareceram fortemente ligadas às suas expectativas em relação à maternidade e ao bebê, porém algumas participantes demonstraram dificuldades em criar tais expectativas. A diferença mais marcante da constelação da maternidade entre as gestantes adolescentes se deu no tema da reorganização da identidade, no qual os aspectos mais salientados se referiram a uma reorganização e busca da identidade adolescente concomitante à passagem para o mundo adulto...
The aim of this study was to investigate the motherhood constellation in the context of teenage pregnancy. We used a multiple-case study, which involved three pregnant teenagers, primiparous, who were in the third trimester of pregnancy. Qualitative content analysis was performed and data were categorized following the four themes of the motherhood constellation: life-growth, primary relatedness, support matrix and identity reorganization. Being pregnant, the issues related to the primary relatedness theme appeared strongly linked to their expectations of motherhood and the baby, but some participants demonstrated difficulties in creating such expectations. The most striking differences in the motherhood constellation among pregnant teenagers occurred on the theme of identity reorganization, in which the aspects highlighted told about the reorganization and adolescent search for identity concurrent with the transition to the adult world, and a reorganization of the social identity level...
Le but de cette étude a été d'étudier la Constellation de la maternité dans le contexte de la grossesse chez les adolescentes. Nous avons utilisé une étude de conception collective de cas, avec la participation de trois adolescents enceintes de son premier enfant, qui étaient dans le troisième trimestre de la grossesse. Nous avons effectué une analyse de contenu qualitative des entrevues et les données ont été classées selon les quatre thèmes de la Constellation de la maternité : la vie et la croissance, le rapport primaire, la matrice d'appui la réorganisation d'identité. Pour être des femmes eenceintes, le thème du rapport primaire paraissait fortement liée à leurs attentes en matière de maternité et de bébé...
El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar la constelación de la maternidad en el contexto del embarazo en la adolescencia. Se utilizó un diseño de estudio de caso colectivo, con la participación de tres adolescentes embarazadas de su primer hijo que se encontraban en el tercer trimestre del embarazo. Se realizó análisis de contenido cualitativo de las entrevistas y los datos fueron categorizados siguiendo los cuatro temas de la constelación maternal: la vida-crecimiento, la relación primaria, la matriz de soporte y la reorganización de identidad. Porque son mujeres embarazadas, las cuestiones relacionadas con el tema relación primaria aparecían fuertemente pegadas a sus expectativas en relación a la maternidad y al bebé, pero algunas participantes demostraron dificultades en la creación de tales expectativas. La diferencia más notable en la constelación de la maternidad de las adolescentes embarazadas se presentó en el tema de la reorganización de la identidad, en el cual los aspectos destacados se refirieron a una reorganización y a la búsqueda de la identidad de los adolescentes simultánea a la transición hacia el mundo adulto...
Assuntos
Humanos , Relatos de Casos , Poder Familiar , Gravidez na AdolescênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the current state of knowledge concerning the determinants and consequences of geophagy during pregnancy. METHOD: Bibliographic searching of articles published in English or French and included in the Scopus database, and reporting of our experience with the management of geophagic pregnant women at the maternity unit of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni (French Guiana). RESULTS: Geophagy is a little known practice initiated by various stimuli, including nausea and iron deficiency. Sustained geophagy during pregnancy has many consequences, due to complex ionic interactions with the digestive tract. Clay consumption may lead to iron deficiency, which may even be life-threatening in cases of post-partum haemorrhage in severely anaemic women. For the foetus, in addition to the known risk of preterm birth associated with maternal anaemia, maternal geophagy may lead to overexposure to heavy metals, including aluminium in particular. This practice should therefore be considered potentially damaging to the neurological development of the child. The ionic imbalances caused by the ingestion of clay over a long period should be systematically evaluated and corrected, given the secondary malabsorption they may cause, often necessitating parenteral feeding.
Assuntos
Pica , Complicações na Gravidez , Adulto , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Feminino , Guiana Francesa , Intoxicação por Metais Pesados , Humanos , Pica/complicações , Pica/etiologia , Intoxicação/etiologia , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/etiologiaRESUMO
A literatura científica mundial adota atualmente a denominação de negação não psicótica da gravidez para se referir à situação na qual uma mulher não sabe que está grávida até o momento do parto, ou pelo menos durante boa parte do período gestacional. Pode ser definida, também, como a falta de consciência subjetiva por parte da mulher em relação a estar grávida. Esse fenômeno é explorado neste artigo mediante a abordagem de conflitos e mecanismos psíquicos que sustentam sua dinâmica psíquica. Para tal, discorre-se sobre o mecanismo Verleugnung, a partir de proposições do psicanalista Luis Cláudio Figueiredo, no sentido de traduzi-lo como "desautorização". Entende-se que na situação da negação não psicótica da gravidez, explorada sob o viés da desautorização, se encontram ampliadas as condições de compreensão a respeito do estabelecimento de uma condição psíquica singular a qual resulta na situação em que uma mulher não toma conhecimento de sua condição de estar gerando outro ser. Também são apresentadas contribuições de autores psicanalíticos contemporâneos que fornecem pertinentes ferramentas de compreensão no que diz respeito à situação da negação não psicótica da gravidez. Tal fenômeno, ao desautorizar a percepção e gerar um impedimento de estabelecer conexões psíquicas e atribuir sentido a esta experiência, resulta no predomínio de intensidades traumáticas no psiquismo.(AU)
The scientific literature adopts, currently, the name non-psychotic denial of pregnancy to denominate a situation in which a woman does not know that she is pregnant until labor, or at least, for most of the gestational period. The situation can also be defined as a lack of subjective awareness of the woman concerning her pregnancy. This phenomenon is explored in this article addressing the conflicts and psychic mechanisms which support its psychic dynamic. In order to explore this phenomenon, we discuss the mechanism of Verleugnung from the ideas of the psychoanalyst Luis Cláudio Figueiredo who translates Verleugnung as "disallow". The comprehension of the non-psychotic denial of the pregnancy condition, through the concept of disallow, can broaden our understanding regarding the establishment of this singular psychic condition which results in the situation when a woman is not aware of her own pregnancy. We also present some contributions of contemporary psychoanalytical authors who give us essential tools for understanding the situation of non-psychotic denial of pregnancy. This phenomenon, that disallows perception and generates an obstruction for the establishment of psychological connections which gives meaning to the experience, results in a predominance of traumatic intensities in the psyche.(AU)
La literatura científica mundial adopta actualmente la denominación de negación no psicótica del embarazo para referir a la situación en la cual una mujer no sabe que está embarazada hasta el momento del parto, o por lo menos durante buena parte del período gestacional. Puede ser definida también, como la falta de conciencia subjetiva por parte de la mujer en relación a estar embarazada. Ese fenómeno es explorado en este artículo mediante el abordaje de conflictivas y de mecanismos psíquicos que sustentan su dinámica psíquica. Para tal, se discurre sobre el mecanismo Verleugnung, a partir de proposiciones del psicoanalista Luis Cláudio Figueiredo, en el sentido de traducirlo como "desautorización". Se entiende que en la situación de la negación no psicótica del embarazo explorada a partir de la óptica de la desautorización se encuentran ampliadas las condiciones de comprensión al respecto del establecimiento de una condición psíquica singular la cual resulta en la situación en que una mujer no toma conocimiento de su condición de estar generando otro ser. También son abordados aportes de autores psicoanalíticos contemporáneos que proporcionan pertinentes herramientas de comprensión al respecto de la situación de la negación no psicótica del embarazo. Tal fenómeno, al desautorizar la percepción y generar un impedimento de establecer conexiones psíquicas y atribuciones de sentido a esta experiencia, resulta en el predominio de intensidades traumáticas en el psiquismo.(AU)
La littérature scientifique mondiale adopte actuellement la dénomination de déni non psychotique de grossesse pour se rapporter à la situation où une femme ne sait pas qu'elle est enceinte jusqu'au moment de l'accouchement, ou au moins pendant une grande partie de la gestation. On peut la définir également en tant que manque de conscience subjective de la femme au fait d'être enceinte. Ce phénomène sera développé dans le présent article par le biais de conflits et de mécanismes psychiques que soutiennent la dynamique psychique. Pour autant, nous aborderons le mécanisme de la Verleugnung, à partir des propositions du psychanalyste Luis Cláudio Figeuiredo, dans le sens d'en traduire comme «des-autorisation». On comprend qu'en abordant la situation du déni non psychotique de grossesse par la des-autorisation on amplifie les conditions de compréhension de l'établissement d'une condition psychique singulière, dans laquelle se trouve une femme qui ne prend pas conscience de sa grossesse. On présente également ici les contributions des auteurs psychanalytiques contemporains qui nous offrent des outils importants à la compréhension du déni non psychotique de grossesse. Tel phénomène, en des-autorisant la perception et en établissant un empêchement de liaisons psychiques à l'attribution de sens à cette expérience, aboutit à une prédominance des intensités traumatiques dans le psychisme.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Gravidez/psicologia , Psicanálise , Estresse PsicológicoRESUMO
Este estudo objetivou analisar a influência do exame ultrassonográfico na representação psí-quica do bebê imaginado em mulheres que engravidaram pela primeira vez. O mundo repre-sentacional desempenha um importante papel na determinação da natureza do relacionamento dos pais com o bebê. Para este autor convém pensar em dois mundos paralelos: o mundo externo real e o mundo das representações, imaginário e subjetivo, onde existem o bebê real no ventre ou nos braços da mãe e o bebê imaginado em sua mente. O confronto do bebê imaginário com o bebê real, via de regra, acontece após o nascimento, porém atualmente com o advento da ultrassonografia obstétrica, alguns aspectos concretos do bebê podem ser reconhecidos durante a gestação. Os dados apresentados neste estudo de cunho qualitativo consistem no relato de três primigestas que não haviam se submetido à ultrassonografia antes do contato para a participação nesta pesquisa. Foram realizadas duas entrevistas com as participantes: uma anterior e outra posterior ao exame. Com base em teóricos psicanalíticos, foram analisados os relatos das grávidas relacionados ao bebê imaginado e a influencia da ultrassonografia sobre o exercício imaginativo das mulheres acerca do futuro filho, uma vez que o exame pode revelar alguns aspectos concretos do bebê durante a gestação. Entre outros achados observou-se que a ultrassonografia introduz uma nova temporalidade à gravidez, permitindo reformulações em suas representações e uma aproximação com o bebê real.(AU)
The aim of this is study is to analyze the influence of ultrasound test in the mental representation of the imagined baby in women who became pregnant for the first time. The representational world plays an important role in determining the nature of the parents' relationship with the baby. For the author is important to think of two parallel worlds: the external real world and the representational subjective world of ideas and imagery, where there is the real baby in the womb or in the mother's arms and the baby pictured in her mind. The comparison of the imaginary baby with the real baby, usually happens after birth, but now with the advent of obstetric ultrasound, some specific aspects of the baby may be recognized during pregnancy. The data presented in this study, of a qualitative nature, consisted of three first-time mothers' reports that had not undergone ultrasound tests before contact for participation in research. There were two interviews: one before and another after the ultrasound test. Based on psychoanalytic theory, we analyzed the reports of the pregnant women related to the imaginary baby and the influence of ultrasound on their imaginative exercise about the future child, since the examination can reveal some specific aspects of the baby during pregnancy. Among other findings results showed that ultrasound introduces a new temporality to pregnancy, allowing reformulations in their representations and a rapprochement with the real baby.(AU)
Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia del examen ultrasonográfico en la repre-sentación psíquica del bebé imaginado para casos de madres primerizas. El mundo represen-tacional desempeña un importante papel en la determinación de la naturaleza de la relación de los padres con el bebé. Para este autor, conviene pensar en dos mundos paralelos: el mundo externo real y el mundo de las representaciones, imaginario y subjetivo, en los que existen el bebé real en el vientre o los brazos de la madre, y el bebé imaginado en su mente. La confron-tación del bebé imaginario con el real ocurre generalmente después de su nacimiento, pero actualmente con el avance de la ultrasonografía obstrética, algunos aspectos concretos del bebé se pueden reconocer durante la gestación. La información presentada en este estudio de carácter cualitativo consiste en el relato de tres primerizas que no habían sido sometidas a ultrasonografía antes del contacto para la participación en la pesquisa. Fueron realizadas dos entrevistas con las participantes: una anterior y otra posterior al examen. Basándose en la teoría psicoanalítica, fueron analizados los relatos de las mujeres embarazadas referentes al bebé imaginado y la influencia de la ultrasonografía sobre el ejercicio imaginativo acerca de su futuro hijo, una vez que el examen pudiera revelar algunos aspectos concretos del bebé durante la gestación. Entre otros, se observó que la ultrasonografía introduce una nueva temporalidad a la gravidez, permitiendo reformulaciones en sus representaciones y una aproximación con el bebé real.(AU)
Cette étude a pour but analyser l'influence de l'échographie dans la représentation psychique du bébé imaginé par les femmes qui tombent enceintes pour la première fois. La représentation du monde joue un rôle important dans la détermination de la nature de la relation des parents avec le bébé. Pour cet auteur il existe deux mondes parallèles : le monde extérieur et le monde réel des instances, imaginaire est subjective, où il y a le vrai bébé dans l'utérus ou dans les bras de la mère et le bébé imaginé dans son esprit. La confrontation des bébés imaginaires avec le bébé réel, se fait toute fois après la naissance, mais aujourd'hui, avec l'avènement de l'échographie obstétricale, certains aspects spécifiques de l'enfant peuvent être reconnu au cours de la grossesse. Les données présentées dans cette étude sont de nature qualitative se composent des rapports des trois primigestes qui n'ont pas participé à l'examen ultrasonographique avant le contacte pour la participation à la recherche. Deux entretient on été réalisé avec les participants: une antérieure et l'autre après l'examen. Basé sur des approches théoriques et psychanalytiques, les rapports des femmes enceintes sur leur bébés imaginaires ont été analyse, ainsi que l'influence de l'échographie médicale en ce que concerne à l'exercice d'imagination des femmes sur le futur de l'enfant, étant donné que l'examen peut révéler certains aspects spécifiques du bébé pendant la grossesse. Parmi les autres conclusions, il a été remarqué que l'examen ultrasonographique introduit une nouvelle temporalité à la grossesse, permettant des reformulations aux représentations ainsi qu' un rapprochement avec le bébé réel.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Ultrassonografia/psicologia , Gravidez , Poder Familiar/psicologiaRESUMO
Este estudo objetivou analisar a influência do exame ultrassonográfico na representação psí-quica do bebê imaginado em mulheres que engravidaram pela primeira vez. O mundo repre-sentacional desempenha um importante papel na determinação da natureza do relacionamento dos pais com o bebê. Para este autor convém pensar em dois mundos paralelos: o mundo externo real e o mundo das representações, imaginário e subjetivo, onde existem o bebê real no ventre ou nos braços da mãe e o bebê imaginado em sua mente. O confronto do bebê imaginário com o bebê real, via de regra, acontece após o nascimento, porém atualmente com o advento da ultrassonografia obstétrica, alguns aspectos concretos do bebê podem ser reconhecidos durante a gestação. Os dados apresentados neste estudo de cunho qualitativo consistem no relato de três primigestas que não haviam se submetido à ultrassonografia antes do contato para a participação nesta pesquisa....
The aim of this is study is to analyze the influence of ultrasound test in the mental representation of the imagined baby in women who became pregnant for the first time. The representational world plays an important role in determining the nature of the parents' relationship with the baby. For the author is important to think of two parallel worlds: the external real world and the representational subjective world of ideas and imagery, where there is the real baby in the womb or in the mother's arms and the baby pictured in her mind. The comparison of the imaginary baby with the real baby, usually happens after birth, but now with the advent of obstetric ultrasound, some specific aspects of the baby may be recognized during pregnancy...
Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia del examen ultrasonográfico en la repre-sentación psíquica del bebé imaginado para casos de madres primerizas. El mundo represen-tacional desempeña un importante papel en la determinación de la naturaleza de la relación de los padres con el bebé. Para este autor, conviene pensar en dos mundos paralelos: el mundo externo real y el mundo de las representaciones, imaginario y subjetivo, en los que existen el bebé real en el vientre o los brazos de la madre, y el bebé imaginado en su mente. La confron-tación del bebé imaginario con el real ocurre generalmente después de su nacimiento, pero actualmente con el avance de la ultrasonografía obstrética, algunos aspectos concretos del bebé se pueden reconocer durante la gestación...
Cette étude a pour but analyser l'influence de l'échographie dans la représentation psychique du bébé imaginé par les femmes qui tombent enceintes pour la première fois. La représentation du monde joue un rôle important dans la détermination de la nature de la relation des parents avec le bébé. Pour cet auteur il existe deux mondes parallèles : le monde extérieur et le monde réel des instances, imaginaire est subjective, où il y a le vrai bébé dans l'utérus ou dans les bras de la mère et le bébé imaginé dans son esprit. La confrontation des bébés imaginaires avec le bébé réel, se fait toute fois après la naissance, mais aujourd'hui, avec l'avènement de l'échographie obstétricale, certains aspects spécifiques de l'enfant peuvent être reconnu au cours de la grossesse. Les données présentées dans cette étude sont de nature qualitative se composent des rapports des trois primigestes qui n'ont pas participé à l'examen ultrasonographique avant le contacte pour la participation à la recherche...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Ultrassonografia/psicologiaRESUMO
A literatura científica mundial adota atualmente a denominação de negação não psicótica da gravidez para se referir à situação na qual uma mulher não sabe que está grávida até o momento do parto, ou pelo menos durante boa parte do período gestacional. Pode ser definida, também, como a falta de consciência subjetiva por parte da mulher em relação a estar grávida. Esse fenômeno é explorado neste artigo mediante a abordagem de conflitos e mecanismos psíquicos que sustentam sua dinâmica psíquica. Para tal, discorre-se sobre o mecanismo Verleugnung, a partir de proposições do psicanalista Luis Cláudio Figueiredo, no sentido de traduzi-lo como "desautorização". Entende-se que na situação da negação não psicótica da gravidez, explorada sob o viés da desautorização, se encontram ampliadas as condições de compreensão a respeito do estabelecimento de uma condição psíquica singular a qual resulta na situação em que uma mulher não toma conhecimento de sua condição de estar gerando outro ser. Também são apresentadas contribuições de autores psicanalíticos contemporâneos que fornecem pertinentes ferramentas de compreensão no que diz respeito à situação da negação não psicótica da gravidez. Tal fenômeno, ao desautorizar a percepção e gerar um impedimento de estabelecer conexões psíquicas e atribuir sentido a esta experiência, resulta no predomínio de intensidades traumáticas no psiquismo...
The scientific literature adopts, currently, the name non-psychotic denial of pregnancy to denominate a situation in which a woman does not know that she is pregnant until labor, or at least, for most of the gestational period. The situation can also be defined as a lack of subjective awareness of the woman concerning her pregnancy. This phenomenon is explored in this article addressing the conflicts and psychic mechanisms which support its psychic dynamic. In order to explore this phenomenon, we discuss the mechanism of Verleugnung from the ideas of the psychoanalyst Luis Cláudio Figueiredo who translates Verleugnung as "disallow". The comprehension of the non-psychotic denial of the pregnancy condition, through the concept of disallow, can broaden our understanding regarding the establishment of this singular psychic condition which results in the situation when a woman is not aware of her own pregnancy. We also present some contributions of contemporary psychoanalytical authors who give us essential tools for understanding the situation of non-psychotic denial of pregnancy. This phenomenon, that disallows perception and generates an obstruction for the establishment of psychological connections which gives meaning to the experience, results in a predominance of traumatic intensities in the psyche...
La literatura científica mundial adopta actualmente la denominación de negación no psicótica del embarazo para referir a la situación en la cual una mujer no sabe que está embarazada hasta el momento del parto, o por lo menos durante buena parte del período gestacional. Puede ser definida también, como la falta de conciencia subjetiva por parte de la mujer en relación a estar embarazada. Ese fenómeno es explorado en este artículo mediante el abordaje de conflictivas y de mecanismos psíquicos que sustentan su dinámica psíquica. Para tal, se discurre sobre el mecanismo Verleugnung, a partir de proposiciones del psicoanalista Luis Cláudio Figueiredo, en el sentido de traducirlo como "desautorización". Se entiende que en la situación de la negación no psicótica del embarazo explorada a partir de la óptica de la desautorización se encuentran ampliadas las condiciones de comprensión al respecto del establecimiento de una condición psíquica singular la cual resulta en la situación en que una mujer no toma conocimiento de su condición de estar generando otro ser. También son abordados aportes de autores psicoanalíticos contemporáneos que proporcionan pertinentes herramientas de comprensión al respecto de la situación de la negación no psicótica del embarazo. Tal fenómeno, al desautorizar la percepción y generar un impedimento de establecer conexiones psíquicas y atribuciones de sentido a esta experiencia, resulta en el predominio de intensidades traumáticas en el psiquismo...
La littérature scientifique mondiale adopte actuellement la dénomination de déni non psychotique de grossesse pour se rapporter à la situation où une femme ne sait pas qu'elle est enceinte jusqu'au moment de l'accouchement, ou au moins pendant une grande partie de la gestation. On peut la définir également en tant que manque de conscience subjective de la femme au fait d'être enceinte. Ce phénomène sera développé dans le présent article par le biais de conflits et de mécanismes psychiques que soutiennent la dynamique psychique. Pour autant, nous aborderons le mécanisme de la Verleugnung, à partir des propositions du psychanalyste Luis Cláudio Figeuiredo, dans le sens d'en traduire comme ®des-autorisation¼. On comprend qu'en abordant la situation du déni non psychotique de grossesse par la des-autorisation on amplifie les conditions de compréhension de l'établissement d'une condition psychique singulière, dans laquelle se trouve une femme qui ne prend pas conscience de sa grossesse. On présente également ici les contributions des auteurs psychanalytiques contemporains qui nous offrent des outils importants à la compréhension du déni non psychotique de grossesse. Tel phénomène, en des-autorisant la perception et en établissant un empêchement de liaisons psychiques à l'attribution de sens à cette expérience, aboutit à une prédominance des intensités traumatiques dans le psychisme...